t ê -hiáu ê 109 êlóng ê ê ê ê suà 1661 Daniel Gravius () 26 tsia-ê ê ê T ê ê t 1885 ê 27 -n ê ê ê t ê t ê 123 3 t ê lóng 4 1234 ê hit m ê ê -tàng hit ê 1837 H. W. Medhurst) ê 26 1898 1988 7 17 27 ê(tâi-oân-h -siâ Ku-he-p) (1885 7 1891 12 ) (Tâi-lâm-h Ku-ho-p) (1892 1 1892 12 ) (Tâi-lâm H-siâ Ku-ho-p) (1893 1 1905 12 ) (Tâi-lâm Ku-ho-p) (1906 1913 6 ) (Tâi-oân Ku-ho-p) (1913 7 1932 4 )(Tâi-oân Ku-ho Kong-p) (1932 5 1942 ) 27
ê 28 ê tih ê ê 1815 t ê ê 199367 ê 1850 ê Elihu DotyJohn Van Nest TalmageAlvin OstromStronach John 29 ê ê ê 19 kap ê 200279Douglus CarstairsChinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy1873 1899 30 1913 William Campbellt A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular Spoken Throughout the Prefectures of Chin-chiu Chiang-chiu and Formosa ê ê ê ê ê kap ê A Dictionary of the Hok-keen Dialect of the Chinese Company W.H.Medhurst 1837Honorable East India Company 1850 a. Anglo-Chinese Manual with Romanized Colloquial in the Amoy DialectElihu Doty 1853 b.chinese-english Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of AmoyDouglus Carstairs 1873 1899 Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in England -mg-im ê j-tián ê John Van Nest, Talmage 28 1993 29 1898 1988 7 17 30 2001 139 28
1894 A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular Spoken Throughout the Prefectures of Chin-chiu Chiang-chiu and Formosa1913William Campbell 5 6 kap ê 1 l,n p k k h t l,n p k kh t p k k t p k kh t ê p k kh t p k kh t p h t h ch j s ph th ch, ts j s p t ch j s ph th ch, ts j s ê ph th ch j s ph th ch, ts j s b,m g,gn ch h h b,m g,ng chh, tsh h b, m g, ng ch h m g, ng chh h ê b,m g,ng chh h m g, ng chh h ê ê a. ê [k h ]k hk [p h ]p hp 29
[t h ]t ht [ts h ]ch hch chh b. ê []gn ê [ts]chchtschchts [ts h ]ch hchhtshch chh ê IPA/ [ts] ch ch,ts ch /ch,ts ch ch,ts [ts h ] ch h chh,tsh ch /chh chh chh [ts] kap [ts h ] tkaplóng 1 khah 2 t koh k hit 2 199154 2 1 ê tsiah ê 2 wun en im wuy 31 ay an ong wae eng wan un ian im ui e an ong oai eng oan un un ian ien im im ui ui e e / an an ong ong oai oai ieng eng oan oan/ wan 31 3 ê [(] 3 ê t 58 30
ê un ian im ui e an ong oai eng oan un ian im ui e an ong oai eng oan oe eaou ey ung o ae in ang am wa iau e iong o ai in iang am oa iau iau e e / iong iong o o / ai ai in in iang iang am am oa oa/ ê iau e iong o ai in iang am oa iau e iong o ai in iang am oa ang em aou a n a wa oo a e ew ang iam au ia oe a n u a i iu ang ang iam iam au au ia ia oe oe / a n a n u u a a i i / iu iu o ê ang iam au ia oe a n u a i iu ang iam au ia oe a n u a i iu ai ng wui ng o ee ng o ng n a w n a e ng ay ae ng 31
e n ui n io i n io n ia n oa n ng e ai n e n n ui n io io i n i n i n ia n ia n oa n oa n / ng ng e e / ai n ai n wa n ê e n io i n ia n oa n ng e ai n e n io i n ia n oa n ng e ai n 32 n oe u m wang wae ng ey om n aou n m oang oai n oe n iau n om au n n iu n n n m m oang oang oai n oai n oe n o n iau n iau n om om au n au n n n iu n iu n n o n ew ê n m oang oai n iau n om au n n iu n n m oang oai n iau n om au n n iu n ---ng ---k khah ê t a. ê [ i ]ei [u ]oou 32 32
[ ]aye [ ]oe b. ê u1.wou [ + ] 2.wuu [ - ] i/e c. ê 1. wou 2. engiengeng enianienian d. ê n VV ng e. ê u m me ng ng 3 l l i l i l i ê l i l i 33
Uì -tàng ê ê ê ê lóng t ê ê ê maégnahwaê t jûngjeáou t b ê ê i ê lóng i ê i ê ê ê t 33 -koh echhòe t ê m chhakapchhoàn ê ê ê t kap ê t A hwuy put tò san ê ê Doty ê ê lóng - ê lóng-tàng ê ê ê ê lóng ê ê -n ê ê 1885 ê b ê suà 1924 Án-niá ê Bk-sáiS p-j-kè ê Kì-h1954 koh Chhì-á li ê Pek-hp-hoe1955 Thià n Lí Iâ n koè Thong Sè-kan1956 koh Khó-ài ê Siû-jîn1926 Chhut sí-soà n t 1926 Chp Hng Koán-kiàntsia-ê lóng ê thang t ê kah ê bat 33 1993 t 4 34