TRIET HOC, SO 12 (295), THANG BAN CHAT VAN HOA TRONG TU TOdNG CEINR TRI H6 GHI MINH LUONG THUY LifeN '*' Tu tudng chinh tri Ho Chi Minh Id mot

TRIET HOC, SO 12 (295), THANG 12-2015 BAN CHAT VAN HOA TRONG TU TOdNG CEINR TRI H6 GHI MINH LUONG THUY LifeN '*' Tu tudng chinh tri Ho Chi Minh Id mot bieu tudng tieu bieu cho su thdng nhdt giua tinh khoa hgc, tinh cdch mgng vdi dgo ddc, nhdn vdn vd nghi thugt iing xd: dep; gida hien thdc vd ly tuang; giqa nhiing gid tri van hoa phd qudt vdi bdn sdc ddn tgc vd phong cdch cd nhdn. Trong bdi viii ndy, tdc gid da lugn gidi de khdng dinh rdng, diem nhdt qudn, xuyin sudt cua tii tiidng chinh tri Ho Chi Minh la luon thdm ddm chdt vdn hoa. Co thi' noi, day Id mgt dgc diim thugc vi bdn chdt trong tit tiidng chinh tn cua NgUdi. j an hooy trong pham vi cua bai viet ' nay, dfldc hieu la toan bp nhflng gi toat len, toa ra tfl hoat dpng song cua con ngfldi da dat den sii thong nhdt giua 3 he gid tri, chdn - thien - my. C) day, chung tdi nha'n manh den "sfl thd'ng nha't", vi ndu ehi la cae he gia tri chan, thidn, my dflng ridng bidt thi chfla the tao nen mpt ehinh the dfldc gpi ten la van hda. Van hda uita co tinh phd bie'n, uita cd tinh dge thii. Tinh dac thfl ciia van hda gin vdi nhflng bidu hien cu the cua tinh lieh sxl, tinh giai ca'p, tinh dan tpc, dae biet la tinh ca thd (ea tinh). Didu nay da tao cho van hoa sfl phong phu, da dang, va chinh nd lam ndn sflc sd'ng eiia van hda. Tuy nhien, du nhflng bieu hidn cu the eua van hda ed da dang, phong phu den dau thi vin gap nhau d diem chung (tinh phd bien), dd la phai co tinh ngudi va vi con ngudi (tinh nhan van, tinh nhan loai). Tu tudng chinh tri Ho Chi Minh la mdt he thd'ng quan didm toan dien va sau sic ve cac va'n de ehinh tri trong nfldc va qud'c te', trong dd ndi bat la viee lam sao de cd the giai quyet dung din radi quan he bien chflng gifla ldi ich dsn tdc, ldi ich giai ca'p va ldi ich nhan loai, nham muc dich giai phdng dan tpc, dem lai tfl do, hanh phflc cho nhan dan va hda binh, phat trien tren thd' gidi. Tfl tfldng chinh tri Hd Chi Minh, theo ehung tdi, vfla ed tinh giai cdp (dflng tren lap trfldng eiia giai ca'p cdng nhan) va tinh ddn tdc (ta't ea vi muc tieu dde lap dan tdc va hanh phuc eiia nhan dan), ddng thdi mang dam tinh nhdn logi (cd tinh ngfldi va vi con ngfldi). Chung tdi dung each dien dat "bdn chdt udn hoa trong tu tudng ehinh tri Ho Chi Minh" vdi ham nghia: Nhflng npi dung trong tfl tfldng ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh eung nhfl nhflng hoat ddng chinh tri - thflc tien eua Ngfldi mac du cd nhflng bieu hien ra't phong phu, da (*) Tien si, Tnidng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi. 29

BAN CHAT VAN HOA... dang nhflng diem nha't quan, "ba't bien" la ludn thdm ddm ehdt vdn hda. Cd thd khang dinh, day la rapt dac diem thupc ve ban cha't trong tfl tfldng chinh tri eua Ngfldi. Cha't van hda trong tfl tfldng chinh tri Hd Chi Minh trude het dude the hien d su thd'ng nhdt chgt che, qua lgi giita cdc gid tri chdn, thiin, my, cu the d day la sfl thd'ng nhat gifla tinh khoa hpc, tinh each mang vdi dao dfle, nhan van va nghe thuat flng xfl dep. Cu the hdn nfla, tfl tfldng ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh cd ban cha't van hda sau sle, bdi nd ludn hfldng den muc tieu ddc lap dan tde va chu nghia xa hdi, ma xet den cung, la vi su gidi phdng ud phdt triin con ngudi. Muc tieu nay ludn dfldc Hd Chi Minh nd iflc hien thflc hda bang rapt hd cac flng xt( ehinh tri vfla ra't hidu qua, vfla ra't nhan van, lai vfla tinh td', kheo leo, lich thiep. \^ vay, ed the ndi, d Hd Chi Minh, nha van hda va nha ehinh tri iudn hda quyen vao nhau. Van hda Hd Chi Minh trflde he't va chu ye'u la van hda chinh tri, edn chinh tri Ho Chi Minh la mpt ehinh tri "ed van hda". Tfl tfldng chinh tri Hd Chi Minh dam cha't van hda cdn bdi nd la mpt bieu tfldng tieu bieu cho sii thong nhdt hdi hoa, uyen chuyen giua hien thuc vd ly tudng. Hd Chi Minh dudc lich sv( giao phd cho nhiem vu thieng heng ciia ngudi ra di tim dudng cflu nfldc va sau nay, dam trach nhiem vu dflng dau dat nfldc trong bdi canh dae biet: Nhan dan ra't yeu nfldc va dung cam nhflng da't 30 nfldc thi nhd, con ngheo nan, lae hau, trong khi dd lai phai da'u tranh ehd'ng lai hai de qud'c to; nhan dan ciii mudn hda binh nhung ke thu lai ngoan cd' gay ehien; cdng ddng quoc td' ehua biet gi nhidu ve rapt nudc Viet Nam nhd bd; nhflng nudc anh em thi cd luc lai mau thuan gay gat. Dieu dang ndi la, trong khi giai quye't eac van de cua hidn thiie dat ra, thara elii cd nhiing luc vdi tfl each rapt ehinh tri gia, NgUdi da phai sfl dung ca nhiing muu iude chinh tri nhung khdng bao gid xa rdi he gid tri chdn, thien, my, xa rdi muc tiiu ly tudng la vi nhdn ddn minh vd vi nin hoa binh the gidi. Nghien cflu ban cha't van hda trong tfl tfldng ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh, can phai tha'y ring, tu tudng chlnh tri Ho Chi Minh uita dgi dien cho nhong gid tri vdn hda phd qudt (mang tinh todn nhdn logi), uua mang dam tinh ddc thii (bdn sdc ddn tgc ud phong edch cd nhdn), cdn ban than Ngfldi la mdt nhan each chinh tri - van hda dac sic. Chinh vi vay, lam rd nhflng gia tri van hda mang tinh phd bidn toan nhan loai trong tfl tfldng chinh tri Ho Chi Minh la ra't quan trpng, nhung neu khdng lam ndi bat dude nhflng dae sle ridng cd trong dd thi se khdng thl'y dfldc "tdm" va "tam", khdng thay dfldc "thin thai" eua nha cliinh tri Hd Chi Minh. Tren cd sd nhflng nhan dinh cd tinh phfldng phap iu^n d trdn, chung tdi xin dupc ilia chpn phan tich mdt so' bieu hien noi bat cua van hda chinh tri Ho Chi Minh.

' Tinh thdn tha thie't yeu hoa binh vd nhiing nd luc di tim kiem giai phdp hoa binh cho cdch mang Viet Nam - diem ndi bat ddu tien cua vdn hoa chinh tri Ho Chi Minh Tfl nam 1923, trong lan dau tien gap gd, nha bao Xd Viet - Oxip Mandenxtam da cd du cam tinh te ve Nguyin Ai Qud'c ma khi dd, mdi la mdt thanh nien 32 tudi, nhfl hien than cua "rapt nen van hda tfldng lai". Cd nhiing each giai thich khac nhau ve y Ideh nay. Theo GS. Dinh Xuan Lam, Hd Chi Minh la hien than ciia van hda tfldng lai, bdi d Ngfldi cd sfl ket hdp hai hda gifla ban sic van hda dan tpc va tinh hoa van hda nhan loai(l). Chung tdi ddng y mdt phan vdi nhan dinh nay. Theo chflng toi, mot nen van hda tfldng lai trflde tien phai la mdt ndn van hda thau thai dfldc trong nd toan bp nhflng tinh hoa van hda nhan loai, nhflng he qua quan trpng can phai rflt ra la, chinh tren do, thd gidi nhan loai mdi cd the cflng chung sd'ng trong hda binh thflc sfl va ben vflng. Hd Chi Minh la hien than eua mdt ndn van hda nhfl the. van hda hda binh cua Hd Chi Minh cd nhiing net rdt rieng. Hd Chi Minh mong mud'n den chay bdng rapt nen hda binh cho dan tpc Viet Nara, nhflng dd phai la rapt nen hoa binh thuc sii, hda binh di lien vdi ddc lap, tfl do, chfl khdng phai la mdt ndn hda binh gia hieu, banh ve. Tuy nhidn, khi ke thfl da cd tinh lam ngd trflde nhflng no Ifle hda binh cua nhan dan Viet Nam, thi Hd Chi Minh kien quydt da'u tranh den cflng vi radt ndn hda LUDNG THUY LIEN binh, dde lap thflc sfl. Day la mdt minh chiing eho thay, Hd Clu Minh da ludn hieu rd su thdng nhdt bien chiing giiia hoa binh vd chien tranh, hay khdi qudt han Id giua ly tudng vd hiin thiic. Trong khi tra ldi phdng va'n ciia phdng vien cac bao ve va'n de doan ket, Hd Chi Minh da ndi: "... mudn di tdi hoa binh ed khi phdi chie'n tranh"(2). Chu nghia nhan van ludn hien hien trong tu tudng chien tranh each mang eua Hd Chi Minh. Khi budc phai tien hanh chien tranh de bao ve To qudc, Hd Chi Minh ludn dau ndi dau eiia nhflng gia dinh Phap, My, Viet, mdi khi ed mpt thanh nien thudc bat ky phia nao hy sinh. Tfl sau tham trong trai tim, Ngfldi chfla bao gid vui miing trpn ven trflde nhflng tran thing eua nhan dan ta, vi ding sau dd biet bao ngfldi, ca phia ta va phia dieh, da nga xud'ng. Vi vay, Ngfldi de cao phfldng phap "tara cdng", phudng phap danh bing muu de ed the gianh dude ehien thing vdi sii tdn that it nha't ve ngudi va eua cho ca phia ta va phia dich. Mpi ngudi Viet Nam deu quen thupc vdi cau thd ndi tie'ng cua Ngfldi: "Danh cho My cut, danh cho Nguy nhao". Day hoan toan la mdt tfl tfldng hda hieu. Ho Chi Minh cdn ra't nhan van va cao thfldng trong chinh saeh vdi tu binh. Dfldi con mit cua Ngfldi, luc nay hp la nhflng con ngfldi dang lam vao hoan canh can phai dfldc chd che. Vi the, Ngfldi ludn ddi xfl vdi tfl (1) Xem: H6 Chi Minh Nhd vdn hoa cua tiidng lai. Nxb Thanh Nien, Ha Noi, 2009. (2) Ho Chi Minh. Todn tap. t.4. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2000, tr.l25.

BAN CHAT VAN HOA.. binh mdt each tot nha't cd thd va danh eho hp nhflng tinh cam a'm ap gifla eon ngfldi vdi eon ngfldi. Cha't van hda tha'm dim trong con ngudi Hd Chi Minh edn dua NgUdi trd thanh mdt nghe si trdn chien trudng. Cd ai nhu Ho Chi Minh, ngay ca d nhflng giay phut cam go ciia cupe chien vin ludn tara niem vd cai dep trong ehien tranh. Hay dpc bfle thfl Ngfldi giii cho tfldng R.Xalang ngay 10 thang 06 nam 1947: "Vi chflng tdi da bude phai chien da'u, thi cac ngai hay td ra la nhflng ehien binh hao hiep, nhflng dd'i thu quin tfl, trong khi chd ddi chung ta lai trd thanh ban hflu eiia nhau"(3). Va, mac du phai cha'p nhan chie'n tranh dd bao ve To qud'c, Hd Chi Minh vin ludn mong flde ve rapt tfldng lai ehung sd'ng hda binh vdi nhan dan cua nhflng nfldc da tflng la ke thfl. Ngfldi ludn thanh tam bay td vdi chinh phu Phap va My ring, nhan dan Viet Nam san idng xoa bd thu han de cung hfldng den mot tudng lai td't dep. Khdng ehi yeu hda binh, Hd Chi Minh edn vgch ra nhiing nguyen tdc cd bdn, hiiu qud de thi' gidi cd the chung sdng hda binh. Ngfldi dac biet nha'n manh: "\^ ndn hda binh the gidi, vi tfl do va a'm no, nhflng ngfldi bi bdc lot thupc mpi chiing tpc cln doan ket lai va ehd'ng bpn ap bflc"(4). Ben eanh dd, Ngfldi cdn Iudn coi thfldng Ifldng, ddi thoai tren tinh thin than ai va hdp tac la cd sd quan trpng de xay dflng hda binh tren toan the gidi: "Thd gidi hda binh cd the thflc hidn ndu cac nfldc tren the gidi, nha't la nhflng nfldc ldn, ddu sin sang giai quyet nhflng xich mich gifla cac nfldc bang each thfldng lfldng"(5). 2. Tinh thdn khoan dung - net dgc sdc trong vdn hoa chinh tri Ho Chi Minh Dau tien, ndi den khoan dung la ndi den sit tha thii cho nhiing ldi ldm, ke ea nhflng tdi ldi tudng chflng nhu khdng thd tha thfl cua ngfldi khac, de hp biet hdi cai raa hoan Ifldng. Ho Chi Minh la mpt bieu tfldng cua ldng vi tha cao ca dd. Ngfldi ludn yeu thfldng, tran trpng, tin tfldng vao kha nang hfldng thien, biet each danh thflc, phat huy nhflng didu td't dep dang cdn an sau ben trong moi con ngfldi. Vi vay, hinh tfldng Ho Chi Minh cd kha nang ehinh phue nhan tam, cd sflc cam hda long ngfldi vd eiing manh liet. Tuy nhien, khoan dung d Hd Chi Minh la cd nguydn tic, la khoan dung gdn liin vdi ddu tranh. Do dd, cung vdi viee neu eao chinh sach khoan hdng, Hd Chi Minh cung ludn quan triet: "Phai khoan hdng nhflng khdng nhu nhflde, nhfl vay mdi thiie la bidt phung sfl quyen ldi qud'c gia"(6). Ngfldi sin sang tha thfl cho nhflng ai da biet cai ta quy chinh, nhflng kien quye't triing tri dich dang nhflng ten thflc dsn, tay sai tan bao dd "lam gfldng". Vi vay, d Hd Chi Minh, khoan dung la sfl thd'ng nha't chat ehe gifla niem tin manh het vao Ifldng tam, pha'm gia cua con ngfldi va y chi quydt tam chdiig lai ciiien tranh, tpi ac, nhflng hanh ddng bao (3) H5 Chi Minh. Sdd, t.5, tr.l42. (4) H6 Chi Minh. Sdd., t.1, tr.452. (5) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd.. t.7, tr.281. (6) Ho Chl Minh. Sdd.. t.4, tr.46. 32

ngfldc, sfl ap bflc, bat cdng va ta't ca nhflng gi lam tdn thfldng nhiing con ngudi ludng thien tren Trai dat, quyet tam xoa bd nhflng rao can tren con dfldng di den tfl do va hanh phue cua toan nhan loai. Tang bac sau hdn trong van hda khoan dung d Hd Chi Minh, theo chung toi, la d ehd, Hd Chi Minh ed mpt nang liic dac biet trong viec nhin ra duac cdi bdn chdt dn sdu ben trong vd vdn nhiing hien tuong be ngodi. Vi the', nhflng ting x^ chinh tri cua NgUdi ludn sang sudt va hieu qua. Dieu nay dac bidt dfldc thd iiidn trong viee Hd Chi Minh eliieu iiien, dai si. Ddi vdi Ngfldi, da la nhflng nhan si, tri thflc ldn thi hp ddu ed mdt ta'm idng chan thanh vdi nhan dan, vdi To qud'c, du cd thd do nhiing didu Iden nhat dinh, hp da tflng phuc vu cho che dp phong Idd'n hay ciiinh quyen thflc dan. Do dd, Ngfldi iudn tinh tao, dung cam va nhan van kiii vfldt ra khdi nhflng dinh Iden chinh tri de thu hut nhflng ngfldi tai cflng gdp sflc vao edng cuoc xay diing da't nude, da'u tranh va bao ve To qud'c. Khoan dung con dude hieu la tdn trgng su ton tgi khdch quan cua nhiing khdc biet. Day la ndi dung ed tinh hien dai eua idiai ni^m khoan dung. Hien nay, ngfldi ta dang ndi den nd r^t niiidu nhfl mpt nguydn tic chung sd'ng gifla con ngflcfi vdi con ngfldi, gifla cac nen vfin hoa. Dieu nay ndi thi de, nhung lam dfldc thi ichd vd cung. The mdi thay su vi dgi vd hien dgi ciia Ho Ciii Minh. Ngfldi khing dinh ta't ca mpi ngfldi deu cd quydn ngliien cflu mot ehu nghia. LUDNG THUY LI N rieng NgUdi tiii ifla chpn nghien ciiu chu ngiiia Mac(7), bdi nd vach ra cho nhan dan Viet Nam con dfldng de tfl giai phdng va phat trien. Va, ngay trong klii phai thflc hien cupe idiang ciiien ehd'ng lai thflc dan Phap va dd qudc My, Hd Chi Minh vin ludn bay td idng ngudng md vdi 2 nen van hda, van rainh ldn nay cua nhan loai. Hd Chi Minh edn la mpt raau miic cua vide biet thau thai nhfllig diem hay cua ngudi khac, nen van hda Idiac, he tu tudng khac, tiep bien nd thanh van hda ciia ca nhan minh va dan tdc minh. NgUdi da cd mdt phat bieu d tim minh tridt ve nhiing flu diem khac nhau eiia cac bac vi nhan, nhfl Khdng Tit, Giesu, C.Mac, Tdn Dat Tidn, trong dd hp deu gap nhau d diem chung la mflu clu hanh phue cho mpi ngudi, va ne'u hp cdn sd'ng tin chic chin se trd thanh nhflng ngfldi ban than thiet. Ho Chi Minh da ludn no iflc de trd thanh "ngfldi hpc trd nhd" cua cac vi a'y(8). 3. Vdn hoa chinh tri Ho Chi Minh - vdn hoa cua suphdt trien Ndi den van hda ehinh tri Hd Clii Minh trflde hdt phai ndi den van hda eua sfl giai phdng, vi ca eupe ddi Ngfldi ludn phan da'u, hy sinh vi nen ddc lap dan tpc. Tuy nhien, theo chflng tdi, giai phdng dan tdc la mpt niiiem vu quan trpng trong mdt giai doan lich s\t nha't djnh cua dan tdc, la muc tieu trflde mit cua each mang. Ciing vdi gianh dde lap (7) Xem: Ho Chf Minh. Sdd., t.4, tr.272. (8) Xem: Vo Nguyen Giap (Chu bi n). Tu tudng H6 Chi Minh vd con dudng cdch mgng Viet Nam. Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, H^ Noi, 2003, tr.54. 33

BAN CHAT VAN HOA... dan tde, each mang Viet Nam cdn ed nhiem vu xay dflng va phat trien da't nfldc, raang lai cupe sdng am no, hanh phuc cho nhan dan. Phdt trien ddn tgc, xdy ditng ddt nude ddng hodng han, to dep han, dua ddn tdc Viet Nam trd thdnh mdt ddn tdc udn minh - dd mdi Id muc tiiu cao cd ud lau ddi md Hd Chi Minh mudn hiidng tdi. Cd the ndi, sfl nghiep cua Hd Chi Minh se sd'ng raai cung sfl trfldng tdn eua da't nfldc, bdi NgUdi dd di lgi cho ddn tgc ta nhong chi ddn vd cimg quy bdu visit phdt trien. Ngay nam diu tien khi Ho Chi Minh trd ve To qud'c (1941), trong ChUOng trinh Viet Minh, Ngfldi da neu len mdt he eac chinh sach nhim phat trien ehinh tri, kinh te, van hda, xa hdi va dfla ra cac che dp dai ngd vdi cac ting ldp nhan dan. Trong dd, dac bidt la cac va'n dd nhfl thfla nhan cac quydn tfl do, dan chu eua nhan dan, hien thflc hda quydn lam ehu eua nhan dan thdng qua che' dp phd thdng dau phieu; buy bd nen giao due thflc dan, xay diing mdt ndn giao due mdi, thflc hien che do pho thdng giao due cho mpi ngfldi dsn, quan tam den viee dao tao nhan tai, tao dieu iden cho tri thflc phat trien tai nang; xay mdi eac dia diem sinh hoat van hda de nang cao ddi sdng van hda, tinh thin cua nhan dan(9). Ban Hien phap dau tien cua nfldc Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda do Ho Chi Minh va mdt sd'tri thflc khdi thao, dfldc Qud'c hdi khda I thdng qua ngay 9 thang 11 nam 1946(10) dfldc danh gia la rapt ban Hidn phap tidn bd va dan ehu vao bac nha't Ddng Nam A luc ba'y gid, ddng thdi khong kem ba't ky ban hien phap 34 nao tren the' gidi. Trong dd, cac quydn eon ngfldi, quyen edng dan dfldc khing dinh. Theo y kien eua nhieu nha nghien eflu, ban Hien phap nay vin cdn nguydn gia tri cho mdt xa hpi dan chu phap quydn d Viet Nam liien nay. Sfl sau sac va nhan van trong tu tfldng phat trien cua Hd Chi Minh dflpc the hien dam ndt d chd, ben canh viec quan tam den cdm an, ao mac cua ngfldi dan, Ngfldi edn dac biet chfl y ddn viec lam sao de ngudi dan "ai cung dudc hpc hanh", dudc giao due toan dien ea vd tri thflc, dao dfle, ehinh tri, nghe thuat, nghia la ed dflde sfl binh ding ve ed hdi de phat trien toan dien ban than, tfl do phat trien dan tde. Trong bflc thfl giii hpc sinh nhan ngay khai trfldng diu tien sau khi da't nude dude ddc lap, Ho Chi Minh da bay td ky vpng, eae ban hpc sinh hom nay trong tfldng lai se la nhflng ngfldi lam cho non sdng da't nfldc trd nen tfldi dep, dfla dan tdc bfldc ign dai vinh quang, sanh vai vdi cac eudng qude nam ehau(ll). Cung ngay sau khi dat nude dflde dde lap, ngay 1 thang 11 nam 1945, Hd Chi Minh da viet mdt bflc thu gtti Bp trudng Ngoai giao Hoa Ky - Giem Bidend bay td nguyen vpng dudc ct 50 thanh nien flu tu cua Viet Nam sang My vfla de thidt lap nhflng radi quan he van hda than thiet vdi thanh nidn My, vfla de hoe tap khoa hpc, ky thuat tien bd, mdt linh vflc vd (9) Xem: Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.3, tr.205-206 vi tr. 583-586. (10) Xem: Hiin phdp Vi&t Nam qua cdc thdi ky (1946 1959 1980-1992 2001). Nxb Th^nh pho HoChiMinh, tr.13-30. (11) Xem: U6 Chi Minh. Sdd., t.4, tr.32-33.

eung can thiet cho cdng eupe xay dflng va phat trien da^t nfldc(12). van hda ciiinh tri Hd Chi Muih la mgt udn hda hudng den tuang lai. Hd Chi Minh khdng cdn sdng de'n lue dat nfldc bflde vao thdi ky doi mdi, nhflng nhflng tinh than ciia ddi mdi da dflde Ngfldi neu len tfl rlt sdm. Ngay trong nhflng luc cam go nhat ciia cupc chidn tranh, Hd Clii Minh vin iudn the hien nguydn vpng tha thiet dflde ddn tiep nhflng nha khoa hpe, ky thuat, kinh te, bae si gidi la ngfldi Phap, ngfldi My de'n Viet Nam de giflp chung ta kien thie't da't nfldc. Va, sau khi da't nfldc cd dfldc dpc lap, trong "Ldi keu gpi Lien Hdp Qud'c", ehinh sach md cv(a, cflng hdp tae, eiing phat trien da dflde Hd Chi Minh neu len rat ro rang(13). Net dep ndi bat, sflc ha'p dan ky la eiia van hda ehinh tri Ho Chi Minh edn la d tinh thdn sdng tgo sdu sac. Xuat phat tfl thflc te' eua Viet Nam va cae nfldc phfldng Ddng, ngay tfl nam 1924, trong Bdo cdo vi Bac ky, Trung ky ud Nam ky, Ho Chi Minh da dat va'n dd phai bd sung chu nghia Mae bing dan tde hpc phudng Ddng(14). Su sang tao d nha ehinh tri Ho Chi Minh khdng ddn thuan la sfl man tiep cua tri tue, ma cdn la mdt sfl dung cam vd song trong mdt hoan canh ma bat ky rapt sfl khac biet nao vdi dfldng ldi ciia Qud'c te Cdng san Cling bi eoi la mot sfl l ch lac tfl tfldng, can phai kidm diem nghiem khac. Thflc td la, Hd Ciii Minh da gap niiidu khd khan khdng the ke xiet trong gan mfldi nam (nhflng nam 30 cua thd ky XX) vi quan didm cho ring, doi vdi cac nfldc thudc dia, trong dd ed Viet Nam, LUDNG THUY LIEN dde lap dan tdc mdi ia nhiem vu hang dau, ehfl ididng phai la dau tranh giai ca'p nhfl dfldng ldi ta Idiuynh cua Qud'c te Cpng san lue ba!y gid neu len. Song, vdi sfl khdo leo tuydt vdi, Ngfldi da bao ve dudc quan didm sang tao ciia minh. Va, thiic tiin each raang Viet Nam da chflng minh sii dung din trong quan diera eiia Hd Chi Minh. Bdi su sdng tgo khdng noting nin udn hda chinh tri Hd Chi Minh la uan hda cua sii phdt trien. Nhfl vay, theo chung tdi, ndi den tinh phdt trien cua tu tudng chinh tri Hd Chi Minh la ndi den tinh ly tudng, tinh tuang lai todt len tit hien thitc, vd do chinh Id cd sd quan trgng cho tu tudng ddi mdt cua Viet Nam hiin nay. De ket eho bai vidt nay, chiing tdi xin dfla ra nhan dinh sau: Chinh tri la mot pham tru lich sii. Nhflng chinh tri d Hd Chi Minh vfla ed tinh lich stt, vfla cd tinh hien dai va tinh tfldng lai. Nhin chung, ehinh tri dam dae tinh giai cap, nhung chinh tri d Hd Chi Minh vfla cd tinh giai ca'p, vfla cd tinh dan tpc va tinh nhan loai sau sic, ddng thdi mang dam da'u a'n ca nhan. Cd the ndi, nhflng dieu nay da lam nen mgt nen vdn hoa chinh tri mang bdn sdc Ho Chi Minh. Va, van hda ehinh tri ay la dai didn chan ehinh nha't cho nen van hda elunh tri radi cua Viet Nam liien nay. Hdn thd nfla, van hda chinh tri Hd Chi Minh hoan toan xflng dang trd thanh mpt trong nhiing bidu tudng tieu bieu, dai dien chp xu the chinh tri mdi cua the gidi hien dai. (12) Xem: Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.4, tr.80-81. (13) Xem: Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.4, tr.466-470. (14) Xem: H6 Chi Minh. Sdd, t.l, tr.465.