QUAN LY KINH TE C Cac doanh nghiep vcra va nho cua Viet Nam doi vdi vdn de bao ve moi tradng de phat trien ben vung VU HOANG NAM dc doanh nghiep vita

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1 QUAN LY KINH TE C Cac doanh nghiep vcra va nho cua Viet Nam doi vdi vdn de bao ve moi tradng de phat trien ben vung VU HOANG NAM dc doanh nghiep vita vd nhd gia vai tro quan trgng trong sitphdt triin cua Viet Nam. Tuy vdy, cdc doanh nghiip viia vd nhd thudng di^ cho Id gdy ra d nhiim mdi tradng do cdng nghi vd ndng loc xvt ly cdc chdt gdy d nhiim eon nhieu hqn che. Di/a tren sd'lieu khdo sdt cdc doanh nghiip voa vd nhd d Viet Nam dudc tiin hdnh ndm 2011, nghiin cou ndy cho thdy viic giup cdc doanh nghiip vita vd nho cd ditde nhong kien thicc cdn thiit vd hi trd xdy dung cdsdhq tdng quan trgng hcfn cdc biin phdp hdnh chinh vd ocitphqt ddi vdi nhitng hoqt ddng gdy ra 6 nhiem mdi tn^fng. 1. M d dau Cae doanh nghiep vua va nhd (DNWN) da va dang ddng gdp ra't Idn vao sfl phat trien kinh te cua Vidt Nam (Hansen et al., 2006). So' Ifldng cac DNWN cmd'm hdn 97% tong so' cac doanh nghiep. Cae DNWN ciing da tao ra hdn mot nia so ludng cong an vide lam va khoang mot niia tong doanh thu cua tat ca cae doanh nghiep trong nen kinh td'. Hien nay da cd nmeu nghidn eflu khae nhau vl cac DNWN eua Vidt Nam (Hansen et al., 2006; Nguyen et al., 2008; Rand et al., 2009; Vu et al., 2009). Hau hd't cac ngmdn cflu nay deu tap trung phan tieh eac kma canh vl quan tri doanh nghidp ciing nhu eae ye'u to' tac dong tdi ket qua kinh doanh cua cae doanh nghiep (DN). Mot so'ngmen cflu dl cap tdi cac doi mdi ve san phim, quy trinh san xuat, hoat ddng marketing. Mpt so' nghien cflu phan tieh nhflng khd khan ma eae DNWN dang gap phai eflng nhfl each thfle vfldt qua eac khd khan dl ton tai. Nguyen et al. (2008) va Vu et al. (2009) lai phan tich vai trd eua vd'n nhan Ifle dd'i vdi boat dong doi mdi va kd't qua kinh doanh ciia cac DNWN. Nghien eflu eua Vu et al. (2009) cdn chi ra ring vd'n xa hoi cd vai tro quan trong dm vdi cac boat dong doi mdi va ke't qua kinh doanh ciia eac DNWN. Ddi vdi boat ddng bao ve mdi trfldng trong qua trinh san xua't kinh doanh cua eae DNWN, mdt so' ngmen cflu tren the gidi da dflde tiln hanh. NgMdn eflu Brunnermeier va Cohen (2003) cho tha'y vide tang efldng kilm soat va thfle tm eac quy dinh phap Mat ve mdi trfldng khdng lam eho eac DN chd' tao d Hoa Ky tang eudng doi mdi cdng nghd theo hudng than tmdn hdn vdi mdi trudng. NgMdn cflu cua Tang va Tang (2012) lai cho kd't qua ngfldc lai km chflng minh dflde ring sflc ep eua cmnh phu se huge cac DNWN d Trung Quoc phai thfle Men cac bien phap bao vd mdi trfldng td't hdn. d Viet Nam, cae ngmen cflu tfldng tu ve DNWN vln chua dude tie'n hanh. Trdn ed sd eac so' lieu thu thap dudc tfl cude khao sat eac DNWN dude tid'n hanh nam 2011, ngmdn cflu nay cho thd'y cac bidn phap kiem soat va xfl phat hanh emnh khdng khien eac DNWN thue Men cac bien phap bao vd moi trudng td't hdn. Thay vao dd, lanh dao cae DNWN khi ed trinh do hoc va'n va trinh dp nhan thfle vl phap Mat eao hdn, eung nhfl cae DNWN khi dflde hfldng cd sd ha tang td't hdn se chu dpng tid'n hanh cae bidn phap de bao vd mdi trudng trong qua trinh san xua't kinh doanh. Vu Hoang Nam, TS., Tradng dai hoc Ngoai thucmg. 41

2 Cac doanh nghigp vifa vd nho Thong tin cd ban ve cac DNWN va cac gia thuyet 2.1. Sdlieu So' lieu trong bai vilt nay dude la'y tfl cuoc khao sat cae DNWN do Vidn NgMen cflu quan ly kinh td' trung fldng (CIEM), Vidn Khoa hoc lao ddng va xa hdi (ILSSA), Trfldng dai hpe Copenhagen, Vidn NgMdn cflu kinh td' phat trien UNU-WIDER va Dai sfl quan Dan Mach tai Viet Nam thfle Men nam Cae thdng tin trong cude khao sat nay la nhiing thdng tin cua DN trong nam Ngoai eac thdng tin vl san xua't va marketing, cac sd' lidu edn bao gom thdng tin vl cac boat ddng xfl ly cae va'n dl gay d nhidm mdi trfldng eua BANG 1: Dac diem lanh % la nam gi6i Tu6i trung binh % dan toc Kinh % da hoc xong dai hoc/cao dang %CO kign thiic v6 luat SS luong DN 2.3. Ddc diem cdc DNWN Bang 2 trinh bay mot so dac diem cua cac DNWN. So' nam hoat dpng trung binh tinh til khi thanh 14p cila cac DNWN la 11,7 trong msu khao sat. Phan Idn cac DN nkm ngoai cac khu cong nghifip/khu chg' xu^t/khu cong ngh$ cao va clii co hdn 5% nam trong cac khu nay. Chat ludng lao dong trong cac DNWN la thap vi trong so cac lao dong cac DN. Tong s^ DNWN dflde tid'n hanh khao sat la DN. Tuy nmdn, do so' lieu khdng dly du, bai vid't nay cm gifl lai DN dg ngmdn eflu Dac diem cua lanh dao cdc DNWN Lanh dao eae DNWN dflde Meu la nhflng ngfldi ehu sd hflu hoac giam ddc eac DNWN. Ty Id lanh dao eac DNWN la nam gidi eao hon nfl gidi. Tuoi trung binh eua cae lanh d^ DNWN la 44. Da sd' lanh dao eae DNWN thudc dan toe Kinh. Bang 1 cho tha'y trinh d& hpc v^n the Mdn bing ty le nhflng lanh dao DNWN da td't ngmdp dai hpe/cao dhig la th^p. Tuy nhien ty Id nhiing lanh dao ed kiln thfle vl Mat phap lai ra't cao.^ dao cac DNWN nam ,70 44,08 92,20 26,33 87, Ngudn: Tinh toan cua tac gia tii s6 Ii6u IdlSo sat. BANG 2: Bac diem cua cac DNWN Tu6i tmng bmh cija cdc DN (nam) i cac DN nam trong cac khu cong nghiep/chg xust/cn cao h lao ddng trinh d6 cao (da tdt nghiep DH/cao ding) % cac DN la thanh vien cua it nhct mist higp hdi DN i cac DN bi thanh tia/kiem tra it m6i trucmg, an toan ch4y n6.. SO lucmg DN thusng xuyen chi c6 3,7% da td't nghiep dai hoc hoac cao d4ng. Ty 16 DN la thanh vien cua it nha't mot hiep hai DN cao hdn nhiing Cling chi dat khoang 8,7%. Lign quan tdi vile kiem tra cila cac co quan quan ly nha nuflc ve van de moi truong, phong chay chqa chay... chi CO khoang 3% cac DN hi kiem tra tiong nam CQng theo bang nay, chi co khoang 8,7% cac DNWN tham gia cac higp hoi DN. Ngudn: Tinh toan cia tac gia til sfi lisu khao sat. 1. Trong bang nay 87,5 lanh dao cac DNVVN cua Viet Nam biet it nhat m6t trong cfc luat sau: LuSt Doanh S:tS L u a S S S ; Lua,S;i^S^S-^"^''«ao dsng, Luat Hai quar '""*""-'-=^ > '«". L"*'l^< ' ---" --' Lua. M^ --. truing; - '- Lua^ _.'... ^.. at ve Binh dang gidi. 5,44 3,70 42 Nghiin ciiu Kinh IS si 432 Thing 5/2014

3 Cac doanh nghiep vifa vd nho, Bang 3 trinh bay Meu qua sfl dung nang Ifldng dien (do bang ty trpng cm pm tien didn cma cho tong doanh thu), Meu qua sil dung nmdn hdu dang long, nmen hdu dang rin, km gas (do b^g ty trpng cm pm nmen hdu cma cho t^ng doanh thu), Mdu qua sfl dung nang Ifldng (do bai^ tong cm pm didn va cm pm nmdn hdu cma cho ting doanh thu), cac hoat dpng xfl ly cae tac nhan gay d nmdm de bao vd mdi trfldng (the Men qua giay xac nhan dang ky ban cam kdt bao vd mdi trfldng - Gia'y xac nhan mdi trfldng - va viec tidn hanh xfl ly eae tac nhan gay d nmdm), va ket qua kinh doanh eua cac DNWN (DN cd xudt khau san pham khdng va quy md cua DN do bang gia tri gia tang). Cac cm tidu nay dflde so sanh theo tiftig nhdm: giiia nhflng lanh dao DN cd trinh dp hpc van cao (da tot ngmdp eao dling/dai hpc) vdi nhflng lanh dao cd tnnh dp hpc van tha'p hdn; giiia nhiing lanh dao DN cd kien thfle Mat phap (nam dflde it nhat mdt trong cae Mat neu d trdn) va nhflng lanh dao khdng c6 kid'n thfle luat phap; giija nhiing DN bi kiem tra vl mdi trfldng, chay no... it nhat mdt 1^ va nhiing DN khdng hi Idem tra; gifla nhiing DN b trong khu cdng ngmep/khu che' xuat/khu cdng nghd cao va nhflng DN b ben ngoai. Theo bang nay, sfl khae bidt gifla cac nhdm DN la dang ke d nmlu cm tidu. NMeu sfl khac biet cd y ngma vl mat thd'ng ke d mflc y ngma 1%. BANG 3: Hieu qua sijf dung nang Ifltfng, bao ve moi triidng va kit qua kinh doanh Chi phi dien / tong doanh thu (%) Chi phi nhi^n li u/ tong doanta thu (%) Chi phi nang lupng / tdng doanh thu (%) Co gi^y xac ab&a moi truemg (%) J Lanh dao DN dd td't nghiep dqi hqclcao dang chua? Rdi Chua 2,7 2,5 1,4 2 J*** 4,1 4,7» 31,4*»» Lanh dao DN co iiien thiic ve ludt phdp fthdng^ C6 2,6 1,9 4,5 19 2*** Khong 2,4 2,4» 4, DN cd bi Idem tra ve mdi tnidng it nhdt mdt lan trong ndm 2010 khdng? QS 3,5»«1.9 5,4» 29,7*»» Khang 2,5 2,0 4,5 17,1 4. DN cd d trong khu cdng nghiiplkhu chi'xudtlkhu cdng nghe cao khdng? C6 2,4 1,4 3,8 41,6*" Kh6ng 2,6 2,0* 4,5* 16,1 XCrlyo nhilm (%) 71,7»»* 46,5 57,5»»* 22,4 67,2»» 52,7 85,0*»» 51,3 Tyle xuat khiu(%) 15,5»** 3,7 7,8**» 0,4 15,6**«6,6 23,0*** 5,9 Ghi chii: *, **, va *** th^ hifin cac miic y nghla lh6ng ke niong ling 10%, 5%, va 1%. Ngudn: Tmh toan cua tac gia tcc sd li^u khao sal Gia tri gia tang (ly VND) 3,8**** 0,7 1,7*** 0,3 4,0*** 1,6 4,3*** 1,4 Trdn cd sd thong tin b bang 3, nghidn eflu nay dfla ra cac gia thuye't sau: HI: Nhflng lanh dao DNWN cd trinh do hoc va'n cao hdn s\l dung nang Ifldng Meu qua hdn, thfle Men cac boat ddng xi ly d nmdm mdi trfldng nhilu hdn va cd kd't qua kinh doanh td't hdn. H2: Kid'n thfle ve Mat phap cua lanh dao eac DNWN khong anh hfldng tdi hidu qua suf dung nang Ifldng nhflng cd tac dpng tich cfle tdi viec xfl ly d nhiem mdi trfldng va ket qua kinh doanh eua cac DNWN. H3: Nhflng DN bi kiem tra ve mdi trfldng nmlu hdn se tich cfle xii ly d nmdm mdi trfldng hdn. H4: Cae DN trong cac khu cdng nghidp/ che'xua't/edng nghe cao tich cfle xii ly d nhilm mdi trfldng hdn va co kd't qua kinh doanh td't hdn. 3. Ket qua hoi quy NghiSn ciai Kinh tess432 Thdng 5/

4 Cac doanh nghiep viira vd nhd, Md Mnh ed ban cua nghidn eflu nay nhfl sau: Y = Ao + ft^l + ^2^2 f ^2^3 + 02^4: + jszjfb + (1) Trong dd: Y la bid'n sd' thi hidn hidu qua sfl dung dien, hidu qua sfl dung nhien lidu, hidu qua sfl dung nang Ifldng, DN da cd gia'y xae nhan dang ky ban cam ke't bao ve mdi trfldng hay ehfla, DN da thfle hidn bidn phap bao vd mdi trfldng hay ehfla, DN cd xua't khiu san pham hay khdng, va quy md san xua't cua DN (do bang gia tri gia tang); XI la bie'n sd' the Men lanh dao DN da tot nghidp dai hpc/cao dang hay chfla; X2 la bid'n so' the hidn lanh dao DN cd Men thfle vl Mat phap hay khdng; X3 la bid'n so' the hien DN ed nam trong khu cdng nghiep/ehd' xua't hay khdng; X4 la bid'n sd' the Men DN da bi kilm tra ve mdi trfldng chfla; X5 la bie'n so' thd hidn cac dac diem khae cua DN va cua lanh dao DN. Do cac bid'n so' thi Men hieu qua sfl dung dien, hidu qua sfl dung nhien lidu va hidu qua sfl dung nang Ifldng nhan cac gia tri trong khoang [0,1] ndn phfldng trinh hii quy sfl dung md hinh Tobit. Dd'i vdi cac bid'n so' vl gia'y xac nhan dang ky ban cam kd't bao vd mdi trfldng va cac bien phap bao ve mdi trfldng va xua't kh^u, phfldng trinh hdi quy sfl dung md hinh Logit do eae bien nay nhan cac gia tri 0 hoae 1. Rieng dd'i vdi bien sd'vl quy md san xua't cua DN, md hinh OLS dflde sfl dung. Ket qua hoi quy dflde trinh bay trong bang 4. Theo bang nay, trinh do hpe va'n eua lanh dao DN khdng tae dong tdi hidu qua sfl dung dien nhflng lai anh hfldng tdi ta't ea cae ehi tieu khac. Hd so' cua bid'n so' nay nhan gia tri am va cd y nghia thd'ng kd trong phfldng trinh hoi quy hieu qua su! dung nhidn lieu va hieu qua sfl dung nang Ifldng. Trong cac phfldng trinh hoi quy tie'p theo ve viee bao ve mdi trfldng va ket qua kinh doanh bie'n so' nay cd cac hd so' nhan gia tri dfldng va cd y nghia ve mat thong ke d mflc 1%. Ke't qua nay cho thay trinh dp hpe va'n 44 cao cua ngfldi lanh dao la nhan to' quan trpng giup eac DNWN tid't kidm nhien lieu, bao ve mdi trfldng va dat ke't qua kinh doanh cao hdn. Kd't qua nay khang dinh gia thuyd't HI la dflng. He so' ciia bie'n sd thd hidn kiln thfle vl phap Mat cua lanh dao DNWN diu khdng cd y nghia vl mat thdng kd trong ba phfldng trinh hoi quy dl.u tidn ve hidu qua sfl dung nang Ifldng. Tuy nhien, eae hd sd' cua bid'n ss nay trong bdn phfldng trinh hoi quy edn lai diu nhan gia tri dfldng va cd y nghia vl mat thdiig ke d mflc 1%. Kd't qua nay eho thay mac du cac kid'n thfle vl mat Mat phap khdng giflp cho cac DNWN nang eao hidu qua sii dung nang Ifldng, nhflng lai la nhan to' quan trpng tac dpng tich cfle tdi eac boat dpng xfl ly cac tac nhan gay d nhiem moi trfldng va ke't qua kinh doanh cua DN. Dilu nay khang dinh gia thuyet H2 la dung. Tae dong cua bid'n so' the hidn DNWN co tru sd d trong khu cdng nghidp/khu chi xua't/khu cdng nghd cao tdi cac bid'n so' phu thudc trong ta't ca cac phfldng trinh hoi quy cung tfldng tfl nhfl tac ddng cua bid'n so th^ hidn kid'n thfle phap Mat eiia lanh dao DNWN. Dilu nay cho tha'y eae khu cdng nghiep/khu chd' xua't/khu cdng nghd cao tuy khdng giup DN nang eao hidu qua sfl dung nang Ifldng, nhflng da tao dilu kien de cac DNWN xfl ly d nhidm mdi trfldng td't hdn va dat kd't qua kinh doanh eao hdn. Do v^y, gia thuylt H4 dflde khang dinh. Trai vdi gia thuyd't H3, bid'n sd' thi hidn DNWN da tufng bi eac cd quan nha nflde kiem tra it nha't mot lan vl va'n dl mdi trfldng nhan gia tri dfldng, nhflng diu khdng cd y nghia ve mat thd'ng kd d cac mfle y nghia thdng thfldng trong ta't ca eac phfldng trinh hoi quy. Kd't qua nay cho thd'y vide that chat quan ly ve mdi trfldng vfla khdng giflp cac DNWN nang cao hieu qua sd. dung nang Ifldng vfla khdng tao dflde sflc ep du Idn dl buoc cac DN phai tich cfle hdn trong vide xd ly cac va'n de moi trfldng. Do vay, gia thuyd't H3 bi bac bd. Cung vdi eae bien so' chinh ndi NghiSn cisu Kinh tss Thang 5/2014

5 Cdc doanh nghl6p vira vd nho tren, cac phfldng trinh hoi quy cdn cho tha'y cac DNWN tich cfle bao ve mdi trfldng hdn vide tham gia vao cac hidp hdi DN ciing giup va ed kd't qua san xua't kinh doanh td't hdn. BANG 4: Cac yeu to' tac dong tdti hieu qua sit dung nang lit^ig, bao vd moi trflng va ket qua kinh doanh cua cac DNWN Tnnh 36 hoc vah (Dailioc=l) Ki^n thiic luat Gidi tinh (Nani=l) Tu& Dan tec (Kinh=l) Dia di^m (khu cdng nghiap, khu chgxuit=l) Ty 16 lao d6ng trinh d6 cao Thanh vien cua hiep hei DN Thanh tra/ki^m tra ciia Nha nu<5c S6 nam dianh lap cijadn H^g stf tu do SUT dung dien (Tobit) (0.19) (0.24) (0.16) ** (0.34) (1.26) (0.43) *** (0.56) Sur dung nhien lieu (Tobit) ** (0.22) (0.18) (0.35) (0.38) (1.43) (0.49) (0.63) Sut dung nftng luong (Tobit) * (0.38) (0.25) (0.48) (0.54) (1.98) (0.43) (0.67) *** (0.87) Giay xsc nh^n mdi tririhig (Logit) 0.856*** S«DN Ghi chu: T^t ci 1 ham hdi quy trong bang nay diu da bao gdm 9 bie'n gia th^ hien vi tri cua cdc DNVVN d cac linh khdc nhau va 13 bis^n gia phan loai nganh san xu^t kinh doanh cua cac DNWN (bao gdm: thuc ph^, may msc, da giay, g6, gia'y, in, hoa chit, cao su, khai khoang, dien tii, may moc, phuong tifin van tai, noi thait). S6 li6u trong ngosc don la gid tri tuyet 6.S1 cua do lech chu^. *, **, va *** th^ hien cac miic y nghla thdng ke tuong iing 10%, 5%, vl 1%. (0.16) 1.098*** (0.14) *** (0.93) 1.180*** (0.21) (0.34) *** (0.54) Xijriycac Ch&gay6 nhiem m6i truimg (Logit) 0.386*** (0.14) 1.083*** (0.18) ** (0.12) (0.23) 1.092*** (0.29) 2.021* (1.13) 0.746*** (0.21) (0.30) ** (0.39) Xuat khiu (Logit) 1.098*** (0.24) 2.648*** (1.02) (0.20) (0.44) 0.928*** (0.32) 2.443** (1.20) 1.366*** (0.25) (0.41) *** (1.26) Gid tri gia tang (V A) (OLS) 2.101*** (0.60) 0.300*** (0.10) * * (0.02) 1.091** (0.43) 1.602*** (0.56) 3.531* (2.10) 1.195** (0.59) (1.20) (0.71) NghiSn ciiu Kinh tss6432 Thdng 5/

6 Cac doanh nghiep vira va nho 4. Ket luan Cac kit qua cmnh eua nghidn eflu nay cho tha'y yd'u to' vd'n nhan Iflc cd vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi viec nang cao hieu qua sii dung nang Ifldng cua cac DNWN. Ben canh dd, nd ciing la nhan to' lam cho cae DNWN tich cfle hdn trong vide thfle hidn eae bidn phap bao vd mdi trfldng, trong qua trinh san xua't, kinh doanh va ed kd't qua san xuat kinh doanh tit hdn. Do vay, dd hd trd sfl phat tridn bin vflng eua cac DNWN dong thdi ban ehd' d nhidm mdi trfldng can phai cd cac cmnh sach thich hdp nham nang cao trtnh dp hoc van va eung c^p cac kien thfle Mat phap can thiet cho lanh dao cac DNWN. Hdn the nfla, nghien cflu cung chi ra rang sfl dung cac bien phap hanh cmnh nham tang efldng kilm tra giam sat cac boat ddng gay ra d nhidm mdi trfldng trong qua trinh san xua't, kmh doanh cua cac DNWN cd thi khdng cd tac dung. Thay vao dd, CMnh phu va cac cd quan cd lien quan can phai tap trung nguon Iflc dl cung ca'p ed sd ha t^ng td't hdn cho eac DNWN. Cd thi ndi rang day la nghidn eflu dinh Ifldng diu tien cho tha'y, vide xsy dflng va khuyen kmeh cac DN di chuydn vao cac khu, cum, dilm edng nghidp d Viet Nam nham mue dich tao mat bang san xua't rpng Idn hdn va tao dilu kidn tap trung xfl ly, nham lam giam 6 nhiem mdi trfldng la mot quyet dinh dung dan va can phai tid'p tuc dflde phat huy./. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Bninneraieier, S. B., v^ Cohen, M. A. (2003), "Determinants of environmental innovation in US manufacturing industries". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 45, Issue2, pp Hansen, H., Rand, J., Tarp, R, (2006), "SME growth and survival in Vietnam", Discussion Paper 0413, University of Copenhagen. 3. Nguyen, A.N, Pham, N.Q, Nguyen, CD, va Nguyen, N.D. (2008). Innovation and exports in Vietnam's SME sector. The European Journal of Development Research, 20(2), Rand, J., Tarp, P., Cuong, T. T., v& Tam, N. T. (2009), "SME access to credit". Discussion Paper, MPRA, Tang, Z., va Tang, I. (2012), "Stakehoder-firai pov/er difference, stakeholders' CSR onentation, and SMEs' environmental performance in China", Journal (?f Business Venturing, No. 27, pp Vu, H. N., Sonobe, T., v& Otsuka, K. (2009), "An inquiry into the development process of villagebased industrial cluster: The case of an iron and steel cluster in northern Vietnam", Journal of Comparative Economics. 37(2009), pp Dinh chinh: Do I6i ky thuat, trong Tap chi Nghidn cflu kinh te' sd 4 (431), thang 4 nam 2014: - Tai trang 3, cfit 2, dong 7 tfl dirdi Idn da in: Kim Van Chinh, PGS.TS., Vidn Kmh t6. Hoc vien Oimh tri - Hanh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh; nay sfla lai la: Kim Van Chinh, PGS.TS., Vien Kmh te, Hoc vien CWnh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh. - Tai trang 26, cot 2, dong 2 ttr dudi len da in: Trdn Thi Minh Chau, PGS.TS., Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chfnh qudc gia H6 Chi Minh; nay sita lai la: : TrSn Thi Minh Chau. Chau, PGS.TS.. PGS.TS., Hor Hoc vien rhfnh Chfnh tri n^^(ic. qu6c gia oia H6 m Chi Minh. Chan thanh xin l6i tac gia va ban doc. Ban Bidn tap Tap chi Nghien cflu kinh tl 46 Nghien cuv Kinh ts's Thdng 5/2014