I # 00 7 0.!%&'%*+-,#./0#4*+-,#.5678#9 :; #<>=?6@ ; #<BAC#D./ EFGHIJKLM 56N78# #Q TS8UVWXNYZ#\[#]\^#_`\#.78 4b#78 cedbfg-w./hijk ; lm.-n#dozpqrsutwv`h-i#g#"-. y 9z,#.f>{B,#./ 4 + 4 r#{./ d MH#}~MH 4# # 8#g # nz ŒMMH #Ž 8 #,#. 8> #twƒw X#Y 8# ## ` # 4 + 4 #Š# XY# B/ #S8U,#./ + + 98# # = + = + + = + S8-U#Wn/ b + c + + 8#ˆ> db,#./, 8!#./ # { gšb ;, b, c = + + + b + c œ> `#.Z LMI ž + + = + n /.#{ + + + = ++ = u + D./> _` =, b =, c = d = d + + + + d + + + d = log + + + + + + {n.-z + + + {Ÿn-. u = + 4 du = rctn u = rctn + gš + + d Q { 8 -,.{ + log + log + + + rctn + XY# + + d = v# # 5
4 ẅf #ª«56#78# #g4b#78 > BX#."# # B"±#²`³#./ jk#5t6#78# = f {B,#./ µn # 8# # 8> #t ˆ> B g {B > `# B/ S8U#9z,#./# ¹>º#» ¼½¾ > n#gz98# g #Q- - S8U> ÀX.fg^ÂÁÀX#`#. à 8Ä#ÅÆ 6 /ÈÇÉS8g v¾,#.ë ><D.Z 8#9z,#.#{BZ #78#Ì#n_`#./ Ê f +, f n + + b n Ng Ë #8 N {B > `# Í/ # + + b n + n # \,#.N{N #tîz + f b + c + + + b n + c n "./ Ï>Ð Ö> B#g J n = + n {WT.\/ TvV# Nt + n d, u = +, Ï>Ð Ø g œ,#.z> + = n + + + + n d, {BÑ# Y,>ÒW./ u = + # #tw,#.{gw./ + n d {BÙÂd{BZ Ø J n+ = { } n + + n J n n # #twú 78# #Š# # B/,#.f#gW./. + 4 + 4 + 5 + + ß#GHIEF#GH sin, cos d #Z à s, t + Q n +, f n + = n!vtngwxnyv BTfNg + n d Ï>Ð 4 6 + s { t 56#78/ {BÙ>d{BZ t = tn/ d = t t dt,sin =, cos = + t + t t sin, cos = + t, t + t + t dt + t nz #ÓÔÕ#². {netá56#78âãw./v XäåD.-gæ#hi>{ç#Án/èr²-YZ ē BX#.é {BÑ>dBh#gjk#êë#n./ t = tn sin d t = tn tn + t t tn + t dt = t dt = log t = log 6
tn d Ë t = tn. cos 4 tn ñmhòióf#gh t = k + b c + d {BÑ#`#<ìí#.gZ#î> Bïð#D./>#{W t = tn n = + tn = + t dt d = cos t + t + t dt = + t =, k + b c + d.4 78# #Š# # B/ d #Z à = b dtk ct k dt + sin 5 cos + b sin + b, k d = c + d 78# #Š# # B/ dt = t rctn t = tn + t s, t d bcktk #t, d = ct k dt + sin cos s { t 56#78/ b dt k d bckt k ct k, t ct k dt + b 4 ôõ ö?i#øi ñò, #Z + b + c d à BZV { 56#78/ s, t s t ù t hi#,#./è4# ú 78û#` -,#.<-*+> ÀZ ü6 û.#<* +,#./ ú 78#û#. #\Ë D#Á"#É\ ýxn", +, # > BX#`#.#<#{B,#./, d = sin t, + d = tn t, d =, + d = sin t, cos t cos tdt tn t, cos t cos t dt 7
ú à =, d sin t ýx#ë >< ú, d = 78#56#78#âã#W./ 5 ôõ ö?i#øi ñò ü6 û#`¹þ ÿw Ë > 0 + b + c = t {BÑÂd{ÀZ = t + bt + c t + b {n.-, + b + c d = gd.ë # sin t, cos t cos t sin t sin t dt, Š#./ + b + c d t c t + b, d = t + bt + c dt, t = t + b t c t + b, t + bt + c t + b t + bt + c t + b dt g wu!né/ {n.\/ + b + c = 0 α, βα < β + b + c = α β β t = Q TÇVÉT{ g {ÍÑ d{íz + b + c = t α = αt β α t, α = β α t β α #tîz, d = t dt, + b + c d = αt β t #./ hi# # #gj # B ².é#<D-./r#²YZ 78#Ñ,#.#{BZ β αt, t β α t dt d ±#²./ {n.gzü6 û#.#{bz I = sin #" BgZ9# I = tn + I = π + I {n_`#./ 78# #Š# # B/.5 + + 4 5 8
6 878#56#78 : t = e {ÀÑ>d{ e d = t t dt. 7 u = + b d + b d = + b 8 78û. { />BX# {B¹þ u bu bu du : cosh = e + e, sinh = e e ÿw Ë y ìí#./ hyperbolic cosine, hyperbolic sine = sinh t, + = sinh t, cosh t cosh tdt = cosh t ýx#ë ><, = 8#78#56#78#âãW./ 9 m + b n q/p d p, q Z, m, n Q cosh t, sinh t sinh tdt Ë V\âã WT./ m, n Z m = m #tîz t = /r = t r,d = rt r dt r t mr+r + bt nr q/p dt m, n = n n r m, n ˆ8{Ÿ,N./ Z é m + n { Ñ>d{BZ t t = + b n /p p = b t p m+/n t p+q dt 6 b m + n + q p Z é t = n + b /p p n t p b /n, pt p dt = bn n d #t Z "!n./ = t p b m+/n+q/p+ t q+p dt 6 /n, pt p dt = n n d #tîz "!n./ 0 56#78>{B,#./>é, y, y, + b + c + d,, 4 + b + c + d + e n# # %&n8- #z 9
{'* #+W,wZ-., k d âã#w./ 687 k d 0 < k < W./VBX#/# 054#- 6 6 0 k d k d BXeÁ4b#78# > BX#n>{g^eÁBX#`#./ #r#d`ù>d / 4 BX t = + {BÑ>d{ 4 + + d 4 + + 40