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1 _hmamîq > amá`mà`m {eju g MmcZmc`mÀ`m H«$. CnwC/ /66811/13/g.nw. {X. 5 _mm, 2002 AÝd`o "CÎm_ nwñvh$' åhuyz {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Amcocm g X^ coq>oñq> OZac Zm coo d Mmcy KS>m_moS>r

2 amá`godm nyd narjm nmocrg Cn{ZarjH$, {dh«$sh$a {ZarjH$ d ghm`h$ nyd d _w»` narjm, {ejum{yh$mar-cn{ejum{yh$mar narjm VcmR>r ^avr narjm, H$m ÝñQ>o~c ^avr narjm J«m_godH$ ^avr narjm, H ${fgodh$ ^avr narjm Vwé J ajh$-{c{nh$ narjm, {Oëhm n[afx ^avr narjm, g_moh$ë`mu {d^mj ^avr narjm Amamo½`godH$ ^avr narjm ghm`h$ {ejh$ ^avr narjm

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4 K'Sagar's House of Books, Durga Chambers 39/1, Budhwar Peth, Jogeshwari Temple Marg, Appa Balwant Chowk, Pune (020) Mob : , hob@ksagar.com Published By Sau. Shobhadevi Kshirsagar K Sagar Publications Suvarna Shilpa, 444/1 Shaniwar Peth, Adjacent to Rajmachikar Flour Mill, Near Dakshinabhimukhi Maruti Temple, Pune : , Fax : customer@ksagar.com sales@ksagar.com website : K'Sagar Publications, Pune : 1994 Govt. of India's Copy-rights registration No. L-18397/99 Thoroughly Revised Seventy-seventh Edition : 2017 ISBN The name K'Sagar is registered under the trade marks Act, 1999 Printed at Shiv Samarth Printers Dhayari, Pune Typesetting K'Sagar Publications, Pune Cover Design K'Sagar Publications, Pune Price : 295/- Our Firms K'Sagar Book Centre, Nutan Classic, 639, Narayan Peth, Opp. N.M.V. Primary School, Appa Balwant Chowk, Pune (020) Mob : , /63 kbc@ksagar.com Due care has been taken to ensure that the information provided in this book is correct. However, the authors and the publishers bear no responsibility for any damage resulting from any inadvertent omission or inaccuracy in the book.

5 _hmamîq > cmoh$godm Am`moJmH$Sy>Z KoVë`m OmUmè`m {d{dy ñnym narjm H$[aVm Aä`mgH«$_mZwgma gẁ mo½` amzm Ho$cocr K'Sagar {c{iv gd M nwñvho$ {dúm{w djm V A{Ve` {à` R>acr AmhoV. Ë`m nmíd ^y_rda {dúm{w djm Zo Ho$coë`m _mjurvyz d AZoH$ {hvqmvh$ {_Ìm À`m AmJ«hmVyZ _hmamîq > cmoh$godm Am`moJmÀ`m narjm ~amo~am AÝ` ñnym narjm Zmhr Cn`wŠV R>aoc, Ago ho gd g_mdoeh$ d A{^Zd amzm-nõvrmo nwñvh$ gmh$maco Joco Amho. "OZac Zm coo' `m {df`mdarc EH$m {d{eîq> Aem nr>s>rvrc nwñvh$m nojm dojio Agcoco ho nwñvh$hr AÝ` K gmjar` nwñvh$m à_muom {dúm{w {_Ìm À`m {dídmgmg nmì R>aco Amho. {dúm{w {_Ìm À`m `m {dídmgmvyzm `m nwñvh$mmr A{YH$ gwym[av d {dñvm[av Aer hr gmv dfmªà`m H$mcmdYrVrc Voho{Vgmdr AZ² drg dfmªvrc emhîmamdr Amd Îmr Amnë`m hmvr XoÊ`mMm gẁ moj AmO Amcm Amho. AÚ`mdVVm, AMyH$Vm Am{U {d{eîq> Aer coize cr d ^mfme cr `m K gmjar` d {eîq>çm Zr n[anyu Aer hr Amd Îmrhr {dúm{w {_Ìm À`m {dídmgmg nmì R>aoc d Ë`m Zm Ë`m À`m narjov gẁ e {_idyz XoÊ`mV {dídmgy {_ÌmMr ^y{_h$m g_w nuo AZ² à^mdrarë`m nma nms>rc, Agm gmyma AZ² gmw {dídmg dmq>vmo. Ë`m {dídmgmvyzm ho J«Wnwîn {dúm{w {_Ìm À`m hmvr gmondrv Amho. Amncm, ìhr. Eg. jragmja (K'Sagar)

6 > 1. gỳ Hw$c d n Ïdr gỳ Hw$c _hîdmà`m Q>rnm n ÏdrMm CnJ«hç M Ð _hîdmà`m Q>rnm ÑpîQ>jonmV n Ïdr n Ïdr _hîdmà`m Q>r>nm n Ïdrdarc I S> _hîdmà`m Q>r>nm n Ïdrdarc _hmgmja _hîdmà`m Q>r>nm AdH$me g emoyzmvrc _hîdmmo Q>ßno _mzdmg{hv àjonuo 2. OJmMr gm_mý` _m{hvr OJmMo Z g{j H$ {d^mj _hîdmà`m Q>rnm OJmVrc H$mhr _hîdmà`m O_mVr OJmVrc gdm}àm {eiao eha d H$moUË`m ZXrH$mR>r dgco Amho? OJmVrc _hîdmà`m ZÚm _hîdmà`m Q>rnm OJmVrc C M Y~Y~o OJmVrc Z g{j H$ gamodao _hîdmà`m Q>rnm _mzd{z{_ V à_wi Ocme` OJmVrc _mor>r ~oq>o OJmVrc _mor>r ÛrnH$ëno OJmVrc à_wi dmid Q> Am Úmo{JH$ OJ eovr CËnmXZo d à_wi CËnmXH$ Xoe Xoe d Ë`m À`m amoymý`m H$mhr Xoe d Ë`m À`m McZm Mr Zmdo H$mhr Xoe d Ë`m À`m g gxj hm Mr Zmdo H$mhr amîq > >o d Ë`m Mr amîq > >{MÝho H$mhr amîq >o d Ë`m Mo amîq >r` Ioi H$mhr _hîdmà`m gr_maofm H$mhr Xoe : OwZr d Zdr Zmdo _hîdmà`m Q>r>nm H$mhr ehao : OwZr d Zdr Zmdo H$mhr Xoe d Ë`m Mo A{YH $V Ahdmc _hîdmmr d ÎmnÌo d Xoe OJmVrc gdmªv C M, _mor>o, cm ~ BË`mXr H$emg H$m` åhq>co OmVo? OJmVrc n{hco _hîdmà`m Q>rnm 3. _hîdmà`m Am VaamîQ >r` g KQ>Zm d n[afxm g `wšv amîq o g `wšv amîq >m Mr à_wi {d^mj g `wšv amîq >m er g c½z _hîdmà`m g ñwm g `wšv amîq >m Mo ga{mq>urg Am VaamîQ >r` df} gmh $ A{cßV amîq> > Midi H$mhr Am VaamîQ >r` g KQ>Zm `wamonr` _hmg K (B `y) OmJ{VH$ ~±H$ Am VaamîQ >r` ZmUo{ZYr Or-7 amîq >m Mr g KQ>Zm amîq >Hw$c g KQ>Zm Or-20 g KQ>Zm OmJ[VH$ ì`mnma g KQ>Zm (WTO) {~«Šg g KQ>Zm 4. g H$sU _hîdmmr _m{hvr H$mhr à{gõ gm{hë`h $Vr _hîdmà`m Q>rnm H$mhr _amr>r gm{hë`h $Vr _hîdmà`m Q>rnm {d{dy ^mfm Vrc Wmoa H$dr H$mhr _hzr` ì`švr d Ë`m Mr g ~moyzo H$mhr à{gõ ì`švtmo CX²Jma H$mhr {d{eîq> g km d Ë`m Mo AW OmJ{VH$ {XZ amîq >r` àmur amîq >r` {XZ _hîdmà`m Q>rnm

7 5. B{Vhmg B{VhmgmVrc _hîdnyu KQ>Zm d df} àmmrz d _Ü``wJrZ ^mavr` gm{hpë`h$ d gm{hë`h $Vr _hîdmà`m Q>rnm ^mavmà`m B{VhmgmVrc _hmz ì`pšv_îdo Wmoa ^mavr` {dmmad V ñdmv Í`cT>çmVrc geñì H«$m {VH$maH$ _hmamîq >mvrc g_mogwymah$ ^mavmcm ^oq> XoUmao nah$s` àdmgr OmJ{VH$ B{VhmgmVrc à{gõ ì`pšv_îdo 6. ^mavmmr ^m Jmo{cH$ d gm_mý` _m{hvr ^m Jmo{cH$ {d^mj hdm_mz ^y-ñvaamzm _ Xm nd V d {eiao _hîdmà`m Q>rnm dzñn{vordz amîq >r` CÚmZo d A^`maÊ`o ^mavmvrc ZÚm _hîdmà`m Q>rnm ^mav : D$Om àh$ën OZJUZm 2001 d 2011 gmjavm Y_ {Zhm` OZJUZm-2011 ^mavmvrc à_wi O_mVr H ${f-cënmxzo ^mavmvrc I{ZOo ^mavmvrc CÚmoJY Xo ^mavr` aoëdo _hîdmà`m Q>r>nm _hîdmmo amîq> >r` _hm_mj H$mhr _hîdmmr ehao ^mavmvrc _hîdmmr ~ Xao 7. ^mavmvrc amá`o d g KamÁ` àxoe Am Y«àXoe AéUmMc àxoe Amgm_ {~hma N>ÎmrgJT> Jmodm > JwOamV h[a`mzm {h_mmc àxoe Oå_y Am{U H$mí_ra PmaI S> > H$Zm Q>H$ Ho$ai _Ü` àxoe _hmamîq > _{Unya _okmc` {_Pmoam_ ZmJmc±S> Amo{S>em n Om~ amoñwmz {gšh$s_ V{_iZmSy> Voc JmUm {Ìnwam CÎmamI S> CÎma àxoe npím_ ~ Jmc A X_mZ Am{U {ZH$mo~ma ~oq>o M {S>JT> X_U Am{U Xrd XmXam Am{U ZJa _ hdocr {Xëcr cjûrn nwxþàmoar 8. ^mavmmr amá`kq>zm ^mavr` KQ>ZoMr d {eîq>ço KQ>ZoVrc n[a{eîq>o g {dymzg^oà`m H$mhr à_wi g{_ë`m _yc^yv hšh$ _yc^yv H$V ì`o _mj Xe H$ VÎdo nmìvm d` _hîdmà`m KQ>ZmXþéñË`m _hîdmà`m Q>rnm cmoh$g^m Mr _wxvnyd {dgo Zo 9. n Mdm{f H$ `moozm d naamîq >r` ì`mnma n Mdm{f H$ `moozm Xhmdr n Mdm{f H$ `moozm AH$amdr n Mdm{f H$ `moozm ~mamdr n Mdm{f H$ `moozm `moozm{zhm` Ano{jV d {ÕXa d gmü`o ZrVr Am`moJ ^mav d naamîq >r` ì`mnma 10. H $Ð emgzmà`m `moozm d H$m` H«$_ {d{dy H$ë`mUH$mar `moozm/h$m` H«$_ Am{U A{^`mZ 11. ^mav g aju, AUw{dH$mg, AdH$me g emoyz ^mavr` gozmxc g {ZH$s à{eju g ñwm ^mavmmr g aju{gõvm AUw{dH$mg AdH$me g emoyz

8 12. ^mav {deof ^mavç _mz{mýho ^mavmvrc amá`o AmH$ma_mZmÀ`m H«$_mZo amá`o AmH$ma_mZmÀ`m H«$_mZo g KamÁ` àxoe ~ JmcMo JìhZ a OZac ^mavmmo JìhZ a OZac ^mavmmo ìhmbgam ` ñdv Ì ^mavmmo JìhZ a OZaëg ^mavmmo amîq >nvr _hîdmà`m Q>rnm ^mavmmo CnamîQ >>nvr _hîdmà`m Q>rnm ^mavmmo n Vn«YmZ _hîdmà`m Q>rnm cmoh$g^m g^mnvr _hmamîq >mmo amá`nmc _hmamîq > {dymzg^omo g^mnvr _hmamîq > {dymzn[afxomo g^mnvr _hmamîq > amá`mmo _w»`_ Ìr ^mavmvrc n{hco ^mavmvrc n{hë`m _{hcm g JrV d Z Ë` ^mavmvrc H$cmXmcZo/g J«hmc`o H$emg H$m` åhq>co OmVo? ^mavmvrc gdmªv _mor>o, C M, cm ~ BË`mXr _hîdmà`m Q>r>nm 13. _hmamîq >ç ^m Jmo{cH$ d gm_mý` ÑpîQ>jonmV _hmamîq > gr_odarc amá`o _hmamîq >mvrc {Oëho ñwm{zh$ ñdamá` g ñwm amá`mvrc ehao cmoh$g»`m ñìr-nwéf à_mu ehar d J«m_rU cmoh$g»`m OÝ_-_ Ë`wXa cmoh$g»`omr KZVm AZwgy{MV Om{V-O_mVr gmjavm : 2011 Y_ {Zhm` OZJUZm : 2011 {eju : eovr dz gd}ju : 2015 CËnÞ : Amamo½` gw{dym : 2014 ghh$mar g ñwm : 1 E{àc, 2015 añë`m Mr cm ~r : 2015 amá`mvyz OmUmao amîq >r` _hm_mj cmoh_mj : 1 E{àc, 2015 amá`mvyz OmUmao cmoh_mj _hmamîq >mvrc à_wi {d_mzvi amá`mvrc ZÚm à_wi ZÚm d CJ_ñWmZo ZÚm À`m H$mR>m darc ñwio ZÚm d à_wi YaUo ZÚm d Ë`m À`m CnZÚm H $fr CËnÞ d CËnmXH$ àxoe \$io d g ~ {YV ñwio H $fr CËnÞ d à_wi OmVr Oc{dÚwV àh$ën Am pîuh$ droh $Ðo AUw{dÚwV àh$ën Am VaamÁ`r` àh$ën Am Úmo{JH$ {dh$mgmer g ~ {YV g ñwm _hmamîq > emgzmmo H$mhr _hîdmmo CnH«$_ CÚmoJY Xo d g ~ {YV ñwio amá`mvrc ckwcúmoj I{ZOo d à_wi CËnmXH$ {Oëho W S> hdomr {R>H$mUo gmjavq _hmamîq >mvrc {H$ëco amá`mvrc AîQ>{dZm`H$ ñwmzo Jw \$m _ {Xao Á`mo{V{cªJm Mr ñwmzo _hmamîq >mvrc dzo amá`mvrc A^`maÊ`o amá`mvrc amîq >r` CÚmZo amá`mvrc à_wi KmQ> amá`mvrc {dúmnrr>o _hîdmà`m g ñwm 14. _hmamîq >mvrc {Oëho nmcka R>mUo am`js> aëzm{jar qgywxþj nwuo gmvmam gm Jcr H$moëhmnya gmocmnya Zm{eH$ Ah_XZJa Ywio Z Xþa~ma OiJmd Am a Jm~mX OmcZm ~rs> na^ur qhjmocr Cñ_mZm~mX cmvya Zm XoS> ~wct>mum AH$mocm dm{e_ A_amdVr dym `dv_mi ZmJnya ^ S>mam Jm {X`m M Ðnya JS>{Mamocr _w ~B eha d _w ~B CnZJa

9 15. _hmamîq > {dh$mg d H$ë`mUmÀ`m `moozm 300 amoojma h_r `moozm _hmë_m Jm Yr amîq >r` J«m_rU amoojma h_r A{Y{Z`_ `moozm Adf UàdU joì {dh$mg H$m` H«$_ Am{Xdmgr joì Cn`moOZm npím_ KmQ>mÀ`m EH$mpË_H$ {dh$mgmmr `moozm gm_m{oh$ dzrh$au H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moozm g O` Jm Yr {ZamYma AZwXmZ `moozm Am{W H$ÑîQ>çm _mjmgcoë`m ì`švtà`m _wcm Zm \$s _m\$s _wctzm _mo\$v {eju A{hë`m~mB hmoih$a `moozm _wctzm CnpñWVr ^Îmm _mhoa `moozm Am{Xdmgr joìmv EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moozm EH$mpË_H$ ~mc{dh$mg godm amîq >r` H$sQ>H$OÝ` amoj{z` ÌU H$m` H«$_ j`amoj{z` ÌU A YËd{Z_y cz Hw$îRamoJ>{Z_y cz Am{Xdmgr {d^mjmvrc Amamo½` godm _Ü`mÝh ^mooz `moozm nyah$ nmofu Amhma H$m` H«$_ Hw$Qw> ~H$ë`mU AcrH$S>rc _hîdmà`m `moozm 16. n Mm`VamO>> _hîdmà`m Zm Xr J«m_n Mm`V n Mm`V g{_vr {Oëhm n[afx _hîdmà`m Q>rnm ZmJar ñwm{zh$ ñdamá` g ñwm ZJan Mm`V 17. J«m_rU ^mjmvrc _wch$s d nmocrg àemgz àemgh$s` amzm nmocrg nmq>rc H$moVdmc VcmR>r VhgrcXma {Oëhm{YH$mar J«m_rU nmocrg g amzm _hmamîq >mvrc J«m_rU nmocrg narjoìo 18. gm_mý` {dkmz H$mhr {df` d Ë`m Mr emñìr` Zmdo H$mhr _hîdmmo emoy d emñìk H$mhr d km{zh$ CnH$aUo Xe_mZ n[a_muo H$mc~mø {~«{Q>e n[a_muo Xe_mZ nõvrà`m n[a_mum Mo {~«{Q>e nõvrv ê$nm Va {~«{Q>e nõvrà`m n[a_mum Mo Xe_mZ nõvrv ê$nm Va {dúwv²_mnzç n[a_mu, CnH$aU H$mhr _hîdmmr _ycðì`o d g km H$mhr g `wjo, emñìr` d ì`mdhm[ah$ Zmdo H$mhr _hîdmmr CËàoaHo$ H$mhr g {_lo d Ë`m Vrc KQ>H$ Xe H$ d n[aum_ CËnmXH$, àmw{_h$ ^jh$, {ÛVr` ^jh$ d {dkq>h$ ghordz, naordz dzñnvtmo djuh$au ~rom Hw$aUmMo àh$ma _yi/imos>/nmzo/namjqgmz IVo àmê`m Mo djuh$au AÞmMo KQ>H$ 19. gý_mz Am{U nwañh$ma H$mhr _hîdmmo amîq >r` gý_mz/nwañh$ma ^mavaëz gý_mzmmo _mzh$ar em ` nxho$ (eìyer ct>vmzm XmI{dcoco em ` ) BVa em ` nxho$

10 amîq >r` ñvamdarc AÝ` nwañh$ma Am VaamîQ >r` gý_mz/nwañh$ma Zmo~oc nm[avmo{fho$ ho cjmv R> odm! 20. H«$sS>m EH${Vgmdr Am qc{nh$ H«$sS>m ñnym, 2016 Am qc{nh$ ñnym d {R>H$mUo 12 ì`m X{jU Am{e`mB H«$sS>m ñnym, 2016 gm{z`m {_Pm Mr J«±S>ñc _ {doovrnxo Ý`m`_yVu cmot>m g{_vrmm Ahdmc gmxa auor H$a S>H$ {H«$Ho$Q> ñnym {Z`mo{OV H«$sS>m ñnym Q² >d> Q>r-20 {dídmfh$ {H«$Ho$Q> ñnym (nwéf) J«±S>ñc _ Q>o{Zg ñnym ho cjmv R> odm! amord Jm Yr IocaËZ AOw Z nwañh$ma Ü`mZM X nwañh$ma ÐmoUmMm` nwañh$ma _hîdmmr _m{hvr {geq> Am VaamîQ >r` {H«$Ho$Q> nwañh$ma : Am`grgr nwañh$ma-2015 ho cjmv R> odm! dñvw{zîr> àíz 21. dm{uá` d H $fr AÚ`mdV gm p»`h$s gz Mm H $Ðr` AW g H$ën aoëdo AW g H$ën Am{W H$ gd}ju _hmamîq >mmm AW g H$ën emídv {dh$mg {ZX}em H$ : 2016 \$m À`y Z 500 _Yrc ^mavr` H $ný`m Mr `mxr : 2016 F$U h_r H$mof OJmVrc gmvdm gdm {YH$ _m ë`dmz amîq >-~«±S> V ÌkmZ ÑpîQ>nÌ {H$_mZ AmYma^yV {H$_Vr _oh$ BZ B {S>`m gßvmh 13 Vo 18 \o$~«wdmar, 2016 ho cjmv R> odm! 22. _hîdmà`m Mmcy KS>m_moS>r Am Va-àem V _hmgmjar` ^mjrxmar H$ama ñdàn> gìh}ju, 2016 ñ_mq> {gq>r n{hë`m Q>ßß`mVrc 20 ehao H$aßeZ ngo ßeZ B S>oŠg_Ü`o ^mav 76 ì`m ñwmzmda S>mgOÝ` {PH$m {dfmuy Mm c {Q>Z A_o[aHo$V àgma S>m. ~cam_ OmIS> 100 dfmªz Va AmB ZñQ>mB Z `m Mo ^mh$sv R>aco Iao OJmVrc à^mdemcr _{hcm OJmVrc à^mdemcr ì`švr MM}Vrc ì`švr OJmVrc H$mhr _hîdmmr ñwio _hîdmà`m Am VaamîQ >r` n[afxm H$mhr àh$mepmovmvrc nwñvho$ ^mavmvrc n{hco... `wzoñh$moà`m OmJ{VH$ dmagm `mxrv AgUmar ^mavmvrc ñwio _Zwî`~i ^m S>dc {ZX}em H$ : 2016 OmJ{VH$ Jw VdUyH$ Ahdmc, 2016 ho cjmv R> odm! dñvw{zîr> àíz CÎmao H$mhr Xoe d Ë`m Mo à_wi H$mhr Am VaamîQ >r` CÀMnXñW ^mav CÀMnXñW H $Ðr` _ {Ì_ S>i d[aîr> gozm{yh$mar H$mhr _hîdmmo CÀMnXñW amá`m Mo amá`nmc amá`m Mo _w»`_ Ìr g KamÁ` àxoem Mo _w»`_ Ìr _hmamîq >mmo _ {Ì_ S>i amá`mà`m {d{y_ S>imVrc AÜ`j d {damoyr njzovo _hmamîq >mvrc CÀMnXñW