ABBREVIATIONS вä²ìàôØܺð` A a A.A. American Army - ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý µ³ý³ï A.C. ante Christum Ù»ñ Ãí³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³é³ç, Ù.Ã.³. A.D. Anno Domini - Ù»ñ Ãí³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ adr address ѳëó» adv, advt advertisement - áí³½¹, ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Agcy agency í³ñãáõãûáõý, áñí³ï³éáõãûáõý a.m. ante meridiem ÙÇÝã Ï»ëûñ AM air mail ³ídz áëï A.P. Associated Press ²ëáß»Ûû¹ ñ»ë Éñ³ïí³Ï³Ý áñí³ï³éáõãûáõý Apr. April ²åñÇÉ aprt. apartment - µý³ï³ñ³ý a.o. and others áõñçßý»ñá asf and so forth ³ÛÉÝ Aug. August ú áëïáë av avenue åáõáï³ B b BBC British Broadcasting Corporation - ñçï³ýç³ûç Ñ»é³ñÓ³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙdzíáñáõÙ Æ- Ç-êÇ B.C. before Christ - Ù»ñ Ãí³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³é³ç, Ù.Ã.³. B.E. = B. of E. Bank of England - ²Ý ÉdzÛÇ µ³ýï BG British Government Ø»Í ñçï³ýç³ûç ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Brit. British - µñçï³ý³ï³ý B.S. bill of sale ñ³í³ Çñ, ñ³í³¹ñù³ý ÃáõÕà C c CC Chamber of Commerce ²é ïñç å³é³ï CD compact disk ÏáÙå³Ïï ëï³í³é³ï CIA Central Intelligence Agency - ( ²ØÜ-Ç ) λÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý í³ñãáõãûáõý C.I.D Criminal Investigation Department - ( ²Ý ÉdzÛáõÙ ) ùñ»³ï³ý Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛ³Ý µ³åçý C in-c. Commander in-chief»ñ³ áõûý Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ CIS the Commonwealth of Independent States ³ÝÏ³Ë å»ïáõãûáõýý»ñç ѳٳ áñí³ïóáõãûáõý ( ²äÐ ) Co. company ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Co. county ÏáÙëáõÃÛáõÝ ( ²Ý ÉdzÛáõÙ ), Ù³ñ½ ( ²ØÜ-ÛáõÙ ) C.P. Communist Party ÏáÙáõÝÇëï³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ C.S. Civil Service ù³õ³ù³óç³ï³ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ CV Curriculum Vitae ÇÝùݳϻÝë³ ñ³ï³ý ïíû³éý»ñ D d DC District of Columbia ÎáÉáõٵdzÛÇ ßñç³Ý Dec. December -»Ïï»Ùµ»ñ
deg. degree ³ëïÇ ³Ý dept. department µ³å³ýùáõýù, í³ñãáõãûáõý, ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, áñí³ï³éáõãûáõý DNA deoxyribonucleic acid - Ü DOD Department of Defense ( ²ØÜ-Ç ) å³ßïå³ýáõãû³ý ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ dol. dollar ¹áÉɳñ Dr. doctor ¹áÏïáñ dram. pers. dramatis personae áñíáõ ³ÝÓ E e E. East - ³ñ»Éù E.C. Executive Committee áñí³¹çñ ÏáÙÇï» EEC European Economic Council ºíñáå³ÛÇ ïýï»ë³ï³ý ËáñÑáõñ¹ e.g. exempli gratia ûñçý³ï E-mail electronic mail»é»ïïñáý³ûçý áëï etc. et cetera ³ÛÉÝ F f f. following ѳçáñ¹ F.B.I. Federal Burean of Investigation Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹³ßݳÛÇÝ µûáõñá ( ²ØÜ-áõÙ ) Feb. February ö»ïñí³ñ F, fem. female Ç ³Ï³Ý ë»é FIFA Federation Internationale de Football Associations ýáõïµáéç ÙÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ ý»¹»ñ³óç³ ( ýñ³ýë. ) F.O. Foreign Office ( Ø»Í ñçï³ýç³ûç ) ²ñï³ùÇÝ áñí»ñç ܳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Fri. Friday àõñµ³ã F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society ( µý³ï³ý ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ ³óÙ³ÝÝ ûå³ý¹³ïáõ ) ³ ³íáñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù G g GA General Assembly - É˳íáñ ³ë³ÙµÉ»³ GB Great Britain Ø»Í ñçï³ýç³ GM genetically modified food»ý»ïçï á áëáõãû³ý»ýã³ñïí³í ëýý¹³ùã»ñù GP the Great Powers»ñï»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ gov. governor Ý³Ñ³Ý ³å»ï govt. government ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ G.P.O. General Post Office áëï³ûçý É˳íáñ µ³å³ýùáõýù H h H.C. House of Commons гٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ å³é³ï H.L. House of Lords Èáñ¹»ñÇ å³é³ï H.O. Home Office ( ²Ý ÉdzÛÇ ) Ü»ñùÇÝ áñí»ñç ܳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ H.R. House of Representatives Ü»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ å³é³ï I i IC Integrated Circuit ÇÝï» ñí³í ÙdzóáõÙ ICJ International Court of Justice ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ØÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý
( زÎ-Ç ) ICPO International Criminal Police Organization øñ»³ï³ý áëïçï³ýáõãû³ý ÙÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ ( ÆÝï»ñåáÉ ) ICT Information and Communication Technologies ï»õ»ï³ïí³ï³ý ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóÙ³Ý ï»ëýáéá dzݻñ IDP International Driving Permit ÙÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ í³ñáñ¹³ï³ý Çñ³íáõÝù IOC International Olympic Committee úéçùåç³ï³ý ÙÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ ÏáÙÇï» IOU I owe you»ë Ó»½ å³ñïù»ù ( å³ñïùç ³Ý¹áññ³ Çñ ) IRC International Red Cross γñÙÇñ ʳãÇ ÙÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ J j J. judge ¹³ï³íáñ Jan. January ÐáõÝí³ñ Jr. Junior Ïñïë»ñ K k kg. kilogram(me) ÏÇÉá ñ³ù km. kilometre ÏÇÉáÙ»ïñ km/h, km p.h. kilometres per hour ųÙáõÙ...ÏÇÉáÙ»ïñ L l L. Di Lady Diana ( English Princess) Éáñ¹áõÑÇ, É»¹Ç dzݳ ( ³Ý ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ³ñù³Û³¹áõëïñ ) LA Latin America ȳïÇÝ³Ï³Ý ²Ù»ñÇϳ LBH length, breadth, height»ñï³ñáõãûáõý, ɳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ µ³ñóñáõãûáõý L.P. Labour Party ɻ۵áñÇëï³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ M m M male, masc. masculine - ³ñ³Ï³Ý ë»é Mar. March سñï M.C. Member of Congress ÎáÝ ñ»ëç ³Ý¹³Ù Mdm. Madam - ïçïçý M.H.R. Member of the House of Representatives - Ü»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ å³é³ïç ³Ý¹³Ù MOD Ministry of Defense - å³ßïå³ýáõãû³ý ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Mon. Monday - ºñÏáõß³µÃÇ MP Military Police é³½ù³ï³ý áëïçï³ýáõãûáõý MPs Members of Parliament ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇ ³Ý¹³Ù Mr. Mister å³ñáý, ÙÇëïñ Mrs. Mistress ïçïçý Mt. mount É»é mus. museum Ã³Ý ³ñ³Ý mus. music -»ñ³åßïáõãûáõý N n N. North - ÑÛáõëÇë N.A. North America ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇϳ
NAC North Atlantic Council ÐÛáõëÇë³ïɳÝïÛ³Ý ¹³ßÇÝùÇ ( ܲîú ) ËáñÑáõñ¹ NAS National Academy of Sciences ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³½ ³ÛÇÝ ³Ï³¹»Ùdz ( ²ØÜ ) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization ܲîú, ÑÛáõëÇë³ïɳÝïÛ³Ý ¹³ßÇÝù NBA the National Basketball Association ³ëÏ»ïµáÉÇ ³½ ³ÛÇÝ ³ëáódzódz NHL North America Hockey League - ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇ Ðáù»ÛÇ ÈÇ ³ Nov. November ÜáÛ»Ùµ»ñ N.S. new style Ýáñ ïáù³ñ nt. wt net weight Ù³ùáõñ ù³ß N.Y. New York ÜÛáõ Úáñù O o Oct. October ÐáÏï»Ùµ»ñ O.K. all correct - ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳñ ÇÝ, ɳí O/S on sale í³ ³éíáõÙ, í³ ³éùáõ٠ϳ O.S. old style ÑÇÝ ïáù³ñ O.U. Oxford University úùëýáñ¹ç ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý P p p. page - ç Parl. parliament - ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³Ý PC personal computer - ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ Çã P.C. police constable áëïçï³ý p.c. per cent ïáïáë ( % ) P.D. Police Department áëïçï³ýáõãû³ý í³ñãáõãûáõý pjs pyjamas åçå³ù³ P.L. Public Law å»ï³ï³ý Çñ³íáõÝù p.m. post meridiem Ï»ëûñÇó Ñ»ïá P.M. Prime Minister í³ñã³å»ï PO Post Office áëï³ûçý µ³å³ýùáõýù P.O. Pacific Ocean Ê³Õ³Õ ûíïç³ýáë P.O.B. Post Office Box áëï³ñïõ pol. political ù³õ³ù³ï³ý pop. popular, population ѳÝñ³ ³Ý³ã, ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï; µý³ïãáõãûáõý pp. pages ç»ñ pref. preface ݳ˳µ³Ý Pres. Presedent ݳ˳ñ³ñ prof. professional Ù³ëݳ Çï³Ï³Ý Prof. Professor åñáý»ëáñ PR Public Relations ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ P.S. postscript Ñ»ï ñáõãûáõý ( Ð.. ) pt part or port Ù³ë ϳ٠ݳí³Ñ³Ý Çëï Q q q. question ѳñó qr. quarter ù³éáñ¹,»é³ùëû³ï quot. quotation ٻ絻ñáõÙ
R r r. river»ï R.C. Red Cross γñÙÇñ ʳã rd road ³Ù³å³ñÑ Rep. Representative ÎáÝ ñ»ëç ³Ý¹³Ù ( ²ØÜ-áõÙ ) Rep. Republican ѳÝñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù ( ²ØÜ-áõÙ ) R.N. Royal Navy ²Ý ÉdzÛÇ é³½ù³íáí³ûçý ݳí³ïáñÙ Ry railway»ñï³ãáõõç S s S. Southern ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ s., sec. second í³ûñïû³ý Sat. Saturday Þ³µ³Ã S.E. South-east ѳñ³í - ³ñ»Éù Sec. ( Secy. ) Secretary ù³ñïáõõ³ñ, ݳ˳ñ³ñ Sen. Senate, Senator ê»ý³ï, ê»ý³ïç ³Ý¹³Ù Sep. September ê»åï»ùµ»ñ sh. shilling ßÇÉÇÝ So. South ѳñ³í Soc. Society ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ SOS Save Our Soul ÙÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ é³¹çá³½¹³ýß³ý ( öñï»ù Ø»ñ Ðá ÇÝ»ñÁ ) sp. special ѳïáõÏ SPO subject+predicate+object -»Ýóϳ + ëïáñá Û³É + ËݹÇñ Sr. Senior ³í³ St. Saint ëáõñµ st street áõáó St. Ex. Stock Exchange ýáý¹³ûçý µáñë³ Su. (Sun.) Sunday ÎÇñ³ÏÇ suppl. supplement ѳí»Éí³Í S.W. South-west ѳñ³í - ³ñ Ùáõïù T t t town, temperature ù³õ³ù, ç»ñù³ëïç ³Ý tech. technical ï»ëýçï³ï³ý techy technologies ï»ëýáéá dzݻñ tel. telephone Ñ»é³Ëáë Thu. Thursday ÐÇÝ ß³µÃÇ TM Trade Mark ³åñ³Ýù³Ýß³Ý, áñí³ñ³ý³ûçý åçï³ï T.U. trade union ³ñÑÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ T.U.C. Trade Union Congress ²ñÑÙÇáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÝ ñ»ë ( ²Ý ÉdzÛÇ ) Tues. Tuesday ºñ»ùß³µÃÇ TV television Ñ»éáõëï³ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ U u U. union ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ the UAE the United Arab Emirates ²ñ³µ³Ï³Ý ØdzóÛ³É ¾ÙÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ the UAR United Arab Republic ²ñ³µ³Ï³Ý ØdzóÛ³É Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ
UFO unidentified flying object 㠳ݳãí³Í ÃéãáÕ ûµû»ïï ( ââú ) the UK United Kingdom ( of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ) - ØdzóÛ³É Â³ ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ( Ø»Í ñçï³ýç³ûç ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ÆéÉ³Ý¹Ç ³ÛÇ ) the UN United Nations Ødzíáñí³Í ²½»ñÇ Î³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ ( زΠ) UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization Ødzíáñí³Í ²½»ñÇ Î³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõݪ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ Íáí ( ÚàôܺêÎú ) Univ. University ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý UNICEF United Nations International Children s Fund زÎ-Ç Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù the UNO United Nations Organization Ødzíáñí³Í ²½»ñÇ Î³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ ( زΠ) U.P.I. United Press International ÚáõݳÛû¹ ñ»ë ÇÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÉ áñí³ï³éáõãûáõý US United States (of America) ( ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇ ) ØdzóÛ³É Ü³Ñ³Ý Ý»ñ the USA United States of America ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇ ØdzóÛ³É Ü³Ñ³Ý Ý»ñ ( ²ØÜ ) USA United States Army ²ØÜ-Ç ó³ù³ù³ûçý ½áñù»ñ USB Universal Serial Bus ( is the most popular connection used to connect a computer to devices such as digital cameras, printers, scanners, and external hard drives ) ϳå, Ãí³ÛÇÝ ï»ë³ëóçïý»ñ, ïåçãý»ñ, ëý³ý»ñý»ñ ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ïáßï ëï³í³é³ïý»ñ ѳٳϳñ ãçý ÙdzóÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ USC United States Congress ²ØÜ-Ç ÏáÝ ñ»ë USS United States Senate ²ØÜ-Ç ë»ý³ï V v v.g. very good ß³ï ɳí V. velocity - ³ñ³ áõãûáõý VIP very important person ß³ï ϳñ áñ ³ÝÓ VP vice-presedent áëý³ë³ñ³ñ vol. volume ͳí³É, ѳïáñ, áõå ÝáõÃÛáõÝ v.v. vice versa Áݹѳϳé³ÏÝ W w WWW World Wide Web - ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ó³ýó Wash. Washington ì³ßçý ÃáÝ ( Ý³Ñ³Ý ) Wed. Wednesday âáñ»ùß³µãç WHO World Health Organization ²éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ wk. week ß³µ³Ã w/o without ³é³Ýó WPC World Peace Council ʳճÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ËáñÑáõñ¹ wt. weight ù³ß WTO the World Trade Organization ²é ïñç ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ WW I World War I ²é³çÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ å³ï»ñ³½ù WW II World War II ºñÏñáñ¹ ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ å³ï»ñ³½ù X x
Xmas Christmas êáõñµ ÌÝáõݹ X-ray - é»ýï»ýû³ý ³é³ ³ÛÃÝ»ñ Y y yld your letter dated Ó»ñ ݳٳÏÁ, Ãí³ ñí³í... Y.M.C.A. Young Men s Christian Associated ØÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ ºñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ïõ³ù³ñ¹ï³ýó ùñçëïáý»³ï³ý ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ Yorks Yorkshire ÚáñùßÇñ yr year ï³ñç yr. younger Ïñïë»ñ Y.W.C.A. Young Women s Christian Associated ØÇç³½ ³ÛÇÝ ºñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ϳݳÝó ùñçëïáý»³ï³ý ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ Z z z zero, zone ½ñá, áïç ZT zone Time ųٳÛÇÝ áïç