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1 Imem-Im-e- fnâ hcp hyxykvx Xe-ap-d- IÄ v Bh-iy-amb {]txyi ZqXp-Isf sszhw \ÂIp- -Xmbn \mw ImWp- p. ]m]w A s temis \in- n- p-i-gn-ª-t mä BZm-an\pw læbv pw sszhw Hcp ZqXp \ÂIn. Pe-{]-f-b- n-\p-ap¼v Hcp ZqXv, Aiqcy-tcm AsÃ- nâ _m_n-tem\ytcm `oj-wn-s -Sp- nb-t mä bn{km-tb-en\v Hcp ZqXv. Xsâ Xe-ap-d-bn Hcp {]txyi ZqXp-ambn tbip h p. \½psS Imet v sszhw Hcp {]txyi ZqXp tiä n- p. B ZqXv shfn- msv 12þDw 14þDw A²ym-b- -fnâ kw n- ]vx-ambn \ÂIn-bn-cn- p- p. Cu ]mthpw ASp- Xpw AXn-s\- p-dn p ]Tn- n- p- p. 1. tbip Øm-]n k` tbip Øm]n As m-kvx-eni k`-bnâ Xsâ Pohn-Xhpw ]Tn- n- epw hnizm-k- nsâ sfiyhpw ASp _Ôhpw \ne-\n- n-cp- p. DbnÀs -gp-t -äh-\mb tbip-hp-ambn As m-kvx-e- mà Hcp CuSmÀ _Ôw Øm]n- n-cp- p. hnhm-l-_-ô-t m-smwv As m-kvx-e-\mb s]usemkv AXns\ _Ô-s -Sp- p- -Xv. ""Rm³ \n -sf- p-dn p sszh- nsâ FcnthmsS Fcn-bp- p; Rm³ {InkvXp F GI ]pcpj\p \n sf \nà½e I\y-I-bmbn Gev]n- m³ hnhm-l-\n-ýbw snbvxn-cn- p- p'' (2 simcn. 11:2). s]utemkv ]d-bp- Xv {InkvXob k` Hcp ]cnip² kv{xobpw, tbip-hnsâ aw-hm-«n-bp-amwv F mwv. tbip-hnsâ k`bv v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Hc- S-bm-f-amWv CXv. ]g-b-\n-b-a- nâ CtX kmzriyw Xs bn{kmtb-en-s\- p-dn v hni-zo-i-cn- p- p. AhÀ sszh- nsâ Xnc-sª-Sp- -s «P\w Bbn-cp- -tãm. sszhw bn{km-tb-en-t\msv: ""hn-hmlw \ný-bn Ime- n-se kvt\lhpw'' (bnsc 2:2), ""Rm\tÃm \n -fpss `À mhv,'' F pw ]d-bp- p (bn-sc. 3:14). shfn- msp ]pkvx- F\n p sszh- nsâ k`sb Is - p-hm³ C p Ign-bptam? 25 I- nepw k`sb kv{xo F p \ma-i-cww sn p- p. ""kzà - nâ hen-sbmcp AS-bmfw ImWmbn: kqcys\ AWn-tªmcp kv{xo; Ah-fpsS Imev ogv N{µ\pw Ah-fpsS Xe-bn ]{ p \ -{Xw-sIm- på Inco-Shpw D mbn-cp p'' shfn. 12:1. 1. kv{xo kqcys\ AWn-ªn-cn- p- p: CXp ImWn- p- Xv kqcy-s\-t mse tim`n- p k`-sbbm-wv. ImcWw k` IÀ m-hnsâ al-xz-apå km n- ²ys AWn-ªn-cn- -bm-wv. tbip, temi- nsâ shfn w (tbml 8:12) Ahsâ `à mcn-eqss sxfnbp-i-bm-wv. Xncn v AhÀ temi- nsâ shfn w BIp p (a- m. 5:14). 2. kv{xo; Ah-fpsS Imev ogv N{µ³: ]gb\nba- Im-es sszh-p-\- -fpss kphn-ti-jo-i-c-ws kqnn- n- p bmk- fpw IÀ½- fpw BWv N{µ³ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- -Xv. tbip-{in-kvxp-hnsâ ip{iqj AXns\ Iogvs]-Sp- n-b-xm-wv ""Ah-fpsS Im ogv'' kqnn- n- p- -Xv. 3. kv{xo v ""Ah-fpsS Xe-bn ]{ p \ - {X- -fp v'': \ {Xw {]Xn-\n[o-I-cn- p- Xv 12 As mkvx-e- m-sc-bm-wv. Cu Imew hsc Ah-cpsS Pohn- nse tbip-{in-kvxp-hn-s\- p-dn- på km o-i-c-ws -bmwv AXv ImWn- p- -Xv. kv{xobpss, Cu hni-zo-i-cww ImWn- p- Xv sszh-p-\- nsâ ]gb\nb-a-im-e- nâ \n pw ]pxnb\nb-a- nse tbip Øm]n {InkvXp k`sb-bm-wv. kqcy\pw N{µ\pw \ -{X- fpw {InkvXob k`-bpss kphn-tij sh-fn w \evip ip{iq-jsb Nq n- m-wn- p- p. 2. km msâ txmâhn-bpss \ms-iw kv{xobpss {]th-i\w Hcp henb \ms-i- nsâ thzn-bmbn amdp- p.

2 ImWmbn; Ggp Xebpw ] p- sim¼pw Xe-bn ""AhÄ KÀ`n-Wn-bmbn t\mhp-in«n thz-\-s «p \ne-hn-fn- p. kzà - nâ asämcp AS-bmfw Ggp cmp-ap-sn-bp-ambn Xo \nd-aptåmcp almkà w. AXnsâ hmâ BIm-i- nse \ {X- -fnâ aq nsem- ns\ hen p Iq«n `qan-bn-te p Fdn-ªp-I-f- ªp. {]k-hn- m-dmb kv{xo {]k-hn DSs\ Ip«nsb Xn p-i-f-hm³ alm-kà w Ah-fpsS ap¼nâ \n p. AhÄ kie PmXn-I-tfbpw Ccn-¼p-tImÂsIm p tabv]m-\p-tåmcp B Ip-«nsb {]k-hn- p. Ip«n sszh- nsâ ASp- -te pw Ahsâ knwlmk\ n-te pw s]s«p FSp- -s -«p'' shfn. 12:2þ5. aq p {]txyi hyàn-iä Cu \ms-i- nâ ]s - Sp- p- p. 1. kv{xo, t\cs \mw a\-ên-em- nb sszh- nsâ k`. 2. B Ip«n, kv{xobpss k Xn (tb-ip). sszhknw-lm-k-\- n-te v FSp- -s -Sp-Ibpw Hcn-  kie-tcbpw `cn- p-ibpw sn p- -h³. tbip{inkvxp-am- {X-amWv Ah³. 3. alm-kà w, km m³ AYhm ]nimnv. ""]ns kzà - nâ bp²w D mbn; aojmtbepw Ahsâ ZqX- mcpw alm-kà -t mspw ]Ssh- «n; Xsâ ZqX- m-cp-ambn alm-kà hpw ]S-sh«n Pbn- n-ã-xm-\pw. kzà - nâ Ah-cpsS Øew ]ns I -Xp-an-Ã. `qxes apgp-h³ sxän- p-i-f-bp ]nimnpw km m\pw F alm-kà -amb ]gb ]m¼ns\ `qan-bn-te- p XÅn- -f-ªp; Ahsâ ZqX- m-scbpw Ah-t\m-Sp-IqsS XÅn- -f-ªp.'' shfn. 12: 7þ9. kmzr-iy- Ä a\-ên-em-bn- -gn-bp-t¼mä \msiw \ap v icn v a\-ên-em-ipw. km m\pw Xsâ A\pbm-bn-IÄ pw kzà - nâ X -fpss Øm\w \jvss -«p-i-gn-ª-t mä AhÀ `qan-bn-te v XÅ-s -«p. tbip-{inkvxp B Ip-«n-bmbn Cu `qan-bnâ P\n- p- I-gn-ª-t mä simãp-hm³ ]nimnp {ian- p. ]nimnp txmâ p-ibpw tbip kzà - n-te v FSp- -s -Sp- Ibpw snbvxp. AXn-\p-tijw tbip Øm]n k`sb \in- n- phm³ ]nimnp {ian- p. bp²- nsâ A y t]mcm-«- nâ AXm-bXv {Iqio-I-c-W- nâ F n-b-t mä, kzà - nâ \n v Hcp i_vzw tbml- m³ tiä p- p: ""At mä Rm³ kzà - nâ Hcp almi_vzw ]d-ªp-ti-«xv: Ct mä \½psS sszh- nsâ c bpw iànbpw cmpyhpw Ahsâ {InkvXp-hnsâ B[n-]-Xyhpw XpS- n-bn-cn- p p; \½psS ktlm-zc- msc cm -I sszh-k- n-[n-bnâ Ipäw Npa- p A]-hm-Znsb XÅn-bn«p-I-f-ªp-htÃm'' shfn. 12:10 (tbml. 12:31). {Iqin-t  tbip-{inkvxp km m-sâ-taâ \nà m-b-i-amb hnpbw hcn- p. AXp apxâ c m-]- ²-Xn-bpsS kp\n-ýn-x-xzhpw ]nim-nnsâ X{ - sf FXnÀ p-\nâ m-\på iànbpw Ah³ Dd- m- ns m-sp- p. AXp-t]mse sszh-cm-py- nsâ Dd pw c -Isâ A[n-Im-chpapÅ \½psS cmpmhpw alm- ]p-tcm-ln-x\pw F på Xsâ Ah-Øbpw Dd- m- - s -«p. tbip-{in-kvxp-hnsâ P\-\hpw, Pohn-Xhpw, ac- Whpw ]m]-t bpw ac-w-t bpw txmev]n- v, ]nim- Nns\ Fs -t -bv p-ambn Iogvs -Sp n {Iqinsâ apgp-i-àn-tbbpw shfn-s -Sp- n. ""c FÃm-hÀ pw'' ssi h p F p hnfn- -dn-bn- p. ""BI-bm kzà hpw AXn hkn- p- -h-cpam-bp-tåm-tc, B\-µn- n³; `qan pw kap-{z- n\pw At m IjvSw; ]nimnv X\n v Aev] Ime-ta-bpÅq F p Adnªp alm-t{im-[-t mss \n -fpss ASp-  Cd n h n-cn- p p'' shfn. 12:12. kzà w apgp-h\pw tbip-hnsâ hnpbw BtLmjn- p. km m\p Hcn-  kzà - nâ D m-bn-cp Ah-Im-is Fs -t - p-ambn \in- n- -Xp-t]mse Xs Cu temi- n-epå Xsâ Ah-Im-ihpw Fs - t - pambn \in- n- p. 3. {IokvXob k` km m-\p-ambn t]mcm«nâ tbip kzà m-tcm-lww sn p- -Xn\p ap¼v {InkvXob k` Øm]n- p (kv{xo kmzr-io-i-cn- p- - k-`). ImÂh-cn-bnse Xsâ acww km ms\ txmev]n- m-\på iàn k`bv p \ÂIn. ""AhÀ Ahs\ Ipªm-Snsâ càw tlxp-hmbn«pw X -fpss km y-h-n\w tlxp-hm-bn«pw

3 tbip Ct mä Xsâ hnp-b- nsâ ^e-amb Pbn p; ac-w-]-cy w X -fpss {]mws\ kvt\ln- -Xp-anÃ'' shfn. 12:11. iànsb k`bv p \ÂIp- p. {Iqin Xm³ hcn hnpbw Xsâ k`-bn-eqss XpSÀ pw \S- p- p. ss{ikvxh Ncn-{X- nâ aq p Imcy- Ä k`-bpss Ign-ª-Ime hnp-bs kqnn- n- p- p. 1) Ipªm-Snsâ cà- mâ AhÀ ]nim-nns\ txmev]n- p. tbip kzà -t p FSp- -s -«-Xn-\m Ahsâ càw Xsâ ]n³km-an-i-fpss Pohn-X- nâ {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- m³ Ah\p Ign-ªp. snmcn-b-s «Ahsâ cà- mâ, \½psS ]m]- nsâ tcj-iä \o p-hm³ km[n- p p (1 tbml 1:7). Xs bpaã, B iàn-bmâ Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp {InkvXob PohnXw \bn- m\pw km[n- p- p. 2) ac-w- nâ \n v Hgn-ªn-cn- m³ th n Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xs kvt\ln- p- n-ã. Ipªm- Snsâ càw, tbip-hn-\p-th n acn- m³ Ahsc Hcp- p- p. AhÀ ac-w- nâ \n v Hgn-ªn-cn- - Ww F p Icp-Xp- n-ã. {InkvXob cà-km- n-iä IjvSa-\p-`-hn- p-ibpw acn- bpw sn - - -hn[w sszhw A[n-I-ambn IjvSw A\p-`-hn- p. tdma³ Ime-L-«- nâ knwl- -fpss ap¼nâ Fdn-b-s «Hcp {InkvXob ho«-½-bpss IYbp v. Imc-Ww, AhÀ cmpy-t - mä IqSp-X `àn-_ôw tbip-hn\v simsp- n-cp- p. Ah-fpsS Cf-b -a-iä `bm-\-i-amb B Ah-Ø-bn \n pw Hgn-ªn-cn- msx Ahfpw AXp hcn- m³ Xocp-am-\n- p. Ah-fpsS A½sb knwlw B{I-an- p- Xp I -t mä AhÄ BÀ phn-fn- p. Rm\pw Hcp {InkvXym-\n-bm-Wv. tdma³ ]«mf- mà Ahsf knwl- nsâ ap¼n-te p hen-s -dn- ªp. 3. Ah-cpsS hn-\- nsâ km y- mâ ]nim- Nns\ AXn-Po-hn- p. hm p-iäsim p am{x-a-ã, hn\ nsâ km yhpw Ah-cpsS Pohn- p km y- fpw tbip-hnsâ iànbpw Ah-cpsS kphnti-j-am-bn-cp- p. ss{ikvxh Ncn-{X- nsâ Ccp-f-Sª BZy-Imew apxâ þ k`m ]nxm- - mcpss Imew hscbpå ]nim-nnsâ Gähpw lo\-amb {Iqc-X-I-tfbpw AXn-Po-hn- m³ Ah-cpsS ià-amb km y- Ä v km[n- p. shfn. 12:11 þâ hnp-bn-i-fmb As m-kvx-e- m-tc-bpw cà-km- n-i-tfbpw \ho-i-c-w-ià m- - tfbpw Ah-cpsS hniz-kvx-x-tbbpw ss[cy-t bpw hnp-b-t -bp-amwv ImWp- -Xv. tbip `qan-bnâ Pohn- -t mä ]nim-nn\v \in- n- m³ Ign-bm-ª-Xp-sIm v Xsâ k`-bnâ Pohn- p tbip-hn-s\ \in- n- m- \mwv {ia-w: ""Xs `qan-bn-te p XÅn- -fªp F p almkà w I n«p B Ip-«nsb {]k-hn kv{xosb D]-{Z-hn p XpS- n. At mä kv{xo p acp-`q-an-bnâ Xsâ Øe-t p ]d- p-t]m-ti- -Xn\p henb Igp-Insâ c p NndIp e`n p; AhnsS Ahsf kà -t msp AIse Hcp Imehpw Ccp-Im-ehpw Ac- m-ehpw t]män c n- p. kà w kv{xosb Hgp- n- -f-tb- -Xn\p Ah-fpsS ]n mse Xsâ hmbnâ \n p \Zn-t]mse shåw NmSn p. F mâ `qan kv{xo p XpW \n p; alm-kà w hmbnâ\n p NmSn \Znsb `qan hmbvxp-d p hngp- n- -f-ªp'' shfn. 12:13þ16. {InkvXob Ncn-{X- nsâ Ccp-f-Sª Ime v k`sb Hgp- n- -f-bm³ \Zn-t]mse ]ou\w Agn p hn«p. alm-kà w ]nim-nn-s\-bm-wv apjyambn kqnn- n- p- X.v AXp-t]mse am\p-joi Øm]-\- -sfbpw D]-tbm-Kn v sszh-p-\s D]-{Z-hn- p. tbip P\n DSs\ \in- n- m³ sltcm-zm-cm-pm-hns\ ]nimnv D]- tbm-kn- p. Akq-bm-ep- -fmb ax-hn-cp-²sc tbip-hn\v FXn-cmbn \nà n. Ah-km\w {Iqio-I-c-W- n-te p \bn- p. {Iqin ]cm-pbw t\cn«]nim-nv, Xsâ t{im[w tbip Øm]n k`-bn-te p IS- n-hn«v {Iqio-I-c- W- n-\p-ti-j-apå Ime- -fnâ Bbn-c- -W- n\v sszh-p-\- sf tdma³ {]ZÀi-\-im-e-bn-eqsSbpw Imcm- Kr-l- n-e-s pw \in- n- p. At\Iw atx-xc iàn- IÄ ]ou-\- n\p ap³ssi-s -Sp- p P\s sims m-sp- n. As m-kvx-e- m-cpss ac-w- n\p tijw Zpcp-]-tZ-i- Ä k`-bnâ \pgªp Ib-dn. tbiphpw injy- mcpw ]Tn- n kxys c v, aq v, \mev \qäm- p-i-fnâ hni-e-am n. kxy- n-\p-th n \n ]e-tcbpw ]oun- n- p. GXm v 50 Zi-e w sszh-a- sf sims m-sp- n-b-xmbn ØnXn-hn-h-c-W-

4 -W p kqnn- n- p- p. shfn 12:6 A\p-k-cn v hnizmk-xym-kn-i-fmb t\xm- fnâ \n pw k` ]n³hm- n. CXv 1260 Znhk {]h-n\w A\p-k-cn v F.-Un. 538-þ1798 hsc-bpå Ime-b-f-hn-em-bn-cp- p. 4. sszh-k` \½psS Ime v CXp \s½ \½psS Ime-L-«- n-te p sim p hcp p þ 1798 apxâ {InkvXp-hnsâ kxy-k- `-bn-te v. \mw {]Xo- n- -Xp-t]mseXs alm-kà w Ct mgpw sszh-p-\-t msp t]mcm-«- n-em-wv. Cu AZriy t]mcm«w XpS-cp-Ibpw tbip-hnsâ hchv ASp- p-t mdpw IqSp-X hj-fm-hp-ibpw sn p- p. ""alm-kà w kv{xotbmsp tim]n- p, sszh Iev]\ {]am-wn- p- -hcpw tbip-hnsâ km yw DÅ-h-cpambn Ah-fpsS k -Xn-bn tijn- p-å-htcmsv bp²w snbvhm³ ]pd-s «p; Ah³ ISÂ]pds aw-en-t  \n p'' shfn. 12:17. Cu {]h-n\w \½psS Ime-s -bmwv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. km m³ bp²w sn p- Xv Ah-fpsS k - Xnbn tijn v DÅ-h-tcm-Sm-Wv. AXm-bXv sszh- nsâ C s P\w. Ahsc Xncn- -dn-bm-\på amà - Ä {i²n- q: 1. Cu A y-ime P\w, tbip-hnsâ km yw DÅ-h-cm-bn-cn- pw. AhÀ kxy-amb sszh-h-n-\-t msp ]än \nâ p- -h-cm-bn-cn- pw. ià-amb ss{ikvxh Pohn-X- nsâ km n-i-fm-bn-cn pw AhÀ. 2. Cu A y-ime P\w {]h-n-\- nsâ P\-ambn-cn- pw. tbip-hnsâ km yw e`n- -Xv tbml- ms\ shfn- msv Fgp-Xm³ iào-i-cn- p (sh-fn. 1:1þ3). A y- Im-e-P\w Cu `qan-bnse Hcp ZqXp-h-ln- p-i aptj\ AtX km yw e`n- p- -h-cm-bn-cn- pw. Ah-cpsS {]h- N-\-tc-J-IÄ sszh- nsâ ZuXy-s - p-dn- p-åxpw Ah-cpsS A y-e- yhpw Bbn-cn- pw. 3. Cu A y-im-e-p\w sszh-i-ev]\ {]am-wn- p- -h-cm-bn-cn- pw. AhÀ ] p Iev]\bpsS sfiys p-dn v ]d-bp- -hà am{x-a-ã, A\p-k-cn- p- -hcpw Bbn-cn- pw. AhÀ tbip-hnsâ amxri ]n³]-äp- -h-cm-bn-cn pw (tdm-aà 5:5; 13:8þ10). ]nimnv Ah-tcmSv bp²w sn p- p. ImcWw AhÀ tbip-hnsâ km y-hpw, A\p-k-c-Wbpw DÅ-hÀ BWv. tbip ]d-ªp: ""\n Ä Fs kvt\ln- p- p F nâ Fsâ Iev]-\-Isf Im p-sim-åpw'' tbml. 14:15. Cu A y-im-e-p\w sszhs ]qà -lr-z-bt mspw ]qà -a-\-têmspw ka-kr-jvs- sf Xs -t mse-xs bpw kvt\ln- p- -hcpw Bbn-cn- pw. tbip ]d-bp- -X-\p-k-cn v sszh-kvt\-lhpw P\-t m-spå kvt\lhpw ] p Iev]-\-bn AS- n-bn-cn- p- p. (a- m. 22:35þ40). \mem-as Iev]\ i\n-bm-gvn, BgvN-bpsS Ggmw Znhkw iº v Bbn BN-cn- m³ ]d-bp- p. tbip-{in-kvxp-hn-t\m-spå kvt\lw ] p-i-ev]-\-bnâ DÄs -«n-cn- p- -Xp-sIm v Cu A yime P\w iº v A\p-k-cn- p- -h-cm-bn-cn- pw. sszh- nsâ A y-ir]m ZqXnsâ lrz-b-`m-k-amwv iº- v, AXv shfn- m-snâ \mw ImWp- p (sh-fn. 12; 14:6þ15). kzà - nsâ kie t{kmxêpw Cu P\- n-\p-th n Cu A²ym-b- fnâ \ÂIn-bn-cn- p- p. tbip-{in-kvxp, ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-eqss P\- n\v Bh-iy-amb iàn-]- I-cp- p. AhÀ Ipªm-Snsâ cà- mâ kie ss]im-nni iàn-tbbpw AXn-Po-hn- pw. \n Ä v Cu A y-im-e-p-\- nâ, sszh-iev]\-iä A\p-k-cn- p P\- nâ Hcm-fm-bn-cn- m³ XmÂ]cyw Dt m? B Xocp-am\w Ct mä FSp- ntã?

5 D c Semkv 25 F\n p sszh- nsâ k`sb Is - phm³ C p Ignbptam? Hmtcm `mkhpw hmbn v icn-bmb D -c- n\p t\sc X F AS-bm-f-an-SpI (H- nâ IqSp-X D c- Ä D m-im³ km[y-x-bp- v). 1. shfn- m-sv 12-þ kqcys\ AWnª kv{xo {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- -Xv. - {In-kvXob k` - C-{km-tb-ense sblqzm kwøm-\w. 2. kv{xo {]k-hn B Ip«n tbip{inkvxp km- m³ kv{xo {]k-hn DSs\ Ip«nsb Xn p-i-f-hm³ {ian alm-kà w km- m³ a-x-t\-xm- - mà Fs - nepw Hcn-  km ms\ \in- n- m³ tbip km²y-am- n-b-xv A-h³ P\n- -t mä Ah³ {Iqin acn- t mä 3. {InkvXob k`bv v km ms\ Pbn- p-hm³ Ign-ª-Xv {In-kvXp-hnsâ hnip-²o-i-cn- p cà- nâ qss - A-h-cpsS Pohn-X-am-Ip km y- -fnâ qss 4. sszh- nsâ kxy-k` `qan-bpss Ncn-{X- nsâ Ahm-km\ \mfp-i-fnâ i-à-amb {InkvXob Pohn-X- nâ qss tbip-hns\ km o-i-cn- p- p. {]-h-n\ hc-apå k`-bm-wv. ssz-h- nsâ \nb-as amän-bn«v Rmb-dmgvN Bcm-[n- p- p. - tb-ip-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn kvt\ln- p- -Xp-sIm v Ggmw Zn\ iº v DÄs -ss-bpå sszh- nsâ FÃm Iev]-\-Ifpw A\p-k-cn- p- p.