30-measurementdistance.pmd

g_vogmr>r XO}Xma {eju Zd{Z{_ Vr g{h«$` OZJ{UV Q>ßnm 30 A Va_mnZ Ano{jV doi 8 Vmg

_mnz bm ~r 30.1 bm ~rmo _mnz H$aÊ`mMr JaO g_ouo. 30.2 gdmªzr EH$mM n[a_mum Mm dmnaê`mmr JaO g_ouo. 30.3 EH$ go_r åhuoo {H$Vr A Va Vo g_ouo. 30.4 EH$ _rq>a åhuoo {H$Vr A Va Vo g_ouo. 30.5 EH$ {H$bmo_rQ>a åhuoo {H$Vr A Va Vo g_ouo. 30.6 go_r d _r _Ü`o A Vam Mo A XmO H$aVm `ouo. 30.7 go_r d _r _Ü`o A Vao _moovm `ouo. 30.8 {Xboë`m bm ~rmm aofmi S> H$mT>Vm `ouo. 31.9 {Xboë`m aofmi S>mMr bm ~r _moovm `ouo. hm g M nyu nuo H $Vrda AmYmabobm Amho. nwt>rbà_muo EH$ EH$ àíz _wbm Zm Úm. _wbm Zm Ë`m À`m nõvrzo H$m_ H$ê$ Úm. H$moUË`mhr H $VrV H$m` H$am`Mo, H$go H$am`Mo ho gm Jy ZH$m. _wbm Zr {dmma H$aUo Am{U _mj H$mT>Uo Ano{jV Amho. {Xdg 1 _mnzmmr JaO JQ>mV H$m_ - Á`m À`m bm ~rv WmoS>mM \$ah$ Amho Aem XmoZ ZmS>çm/gwVù`m/Xmoè`m _wbm Zm Úm Am{U {dmmam - `mvbr gdm V bm ~ H$moUVr Amho? - H$er emoybr `m~m~v MMm H$am. H $Vr 2 - AmVm Aem Xhm ZmS>çm Úm Am{U {dmmam - `mvbr gdm V bm ~ H$moUVr Amho? - H$er emoybr `m~m~v MMm H$am. H $Vr 3 - EH$_oH$m nmgyz Xya Agboë`m Am{U ZOaoZ bhmz_mor> H$iUma Zmhr Aem 2 q^vr _wbm Zm XmIdm Am{U {dmmam `mvbr H$moUVr q^v OmñV bm ~ Amho? Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.2

_wbm Zr {dmma H$ê$Z CÎma emoym`m. H$emZ Var _moomd bmjob ho _wb gm JVrb. A) H$Xm{MV _wb EImXr H$mR>r dmnê$z _moovrb, H$Xm{MV nmdb _moovrb. hr Aà_m{UV n[a_mu AmhoV. _wbm Zm _mooy Úm. CÎma {dmmam. àízmoîma nwt>rbà_muo hmovrb - n{hbr q^v {H$Vr ^abr? 4 H$mR>çm Xwgar q^v {H$Vr ^abr? 3 H$mR>çm Am{U WmoS>rer H$moUVr q^v OmñV bm ~ Amho? H$emZoVar _mooê`mmr JaO `m H $VrVyZ ñnï> hmob b. ~) Aer A Va Q>on dmnê$z _moovmv ho H$Xm{MV H$moUmbmVar _mhrv Agob. Vgo Pmë`mg Q>onZo _mooê`mda Om. (H $Vr H«$. ----) H $Vr 4 darbà_muo AZoH$ A Vam ~Ôb bhmz-_mor> {dmmam. _wbm Zr _mooyz nhm`m Am{U CÎma gm Jm`M. {Xdg 2 Am`V{MVr JQ>mV H$m_ - _wbm À`m hmvmv {d{dy _mnm Mr H$mhr ImoH$s Úm. ( H$mS>onoQ>r, Qy>WnoñQ>M ImoH $, \«w$q>rm ImoH $, ~wq>m M ImoH $, gms>rm / eq> M ImoH $ ) - n ð>^mj, {eamoq~xy, H$S>m åhuoo H$m` Vo ñnï> H$am. - _wbm Zr {H$Vr AmhoV Vo _moom`m Am{U nwt>rb Vº$m ^am`mm. - Vwåhr \$ù`mda Vº$m V`ma H$am. _wbm Zr VgmM dhrv ~Zdm`Mm. VŠË`mVbo AmH$S>o _wbm Zr ñdv _moov ^am`mo AmhoV. \$ù`mda XoD$Z CVadm`Mo ZmhrV. Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.3

dñvy n ð>^mj {eamoq~xÿ H$S>m Qy>WnoñQ>Mo ImoHo$ «w$q>rmo ImoHo$ H$mS>onoQ>r H $nmgnoq>r ~wq>mm ImoH $ gms>rm ImoH $ drq> H $Vr 2 - `mgma»`m AmH$mamÀ`m AmUIr H$moUË`m dñvy AgVmV Ë`mMr `mxr H$am. - `m AmH$mambm Am`V{MVr åhuvmv Vo gm Jm. H $Vr 3 - EH$ Am`V{MVr AmH$mamM _Ü` mnmm ImoH $ `m. - Ë`mMr EH$ H$S> bmb nozmzo a Jdm. (\$º$ H$S>oÀ`m aokoda bmb aok _mam`mr.) AmVm _wbm Zm {dmmam, `mà`mbvš`mm bm ~ Agboë`m AmUIr H$S>m H$moUË`m? Ë`m gjù`m bmb nozmzo a Jdm. - AmVm Ë`mnojm dojù`m _mnmmr H$S> {Zù`m a JmZo a Jdm. Ë`mÀ`mBVŠ`mM bm ~ Agboë`m gjù`m H$S>m {Zù`m a JmZo a Jdm. - AmVm H$moUË`m _mnmmr H$S> am{hbr? Vr {haì`m a JmZo a Jdm. Ë`m H$S>oBVŠ`mM bm ~ Agboë`m gjù`m H$S>m {haì`m a JmZo a Jdm. - gjù`m H$S>m a JdyZ Pmë`m H$m? EImXr am{hbr Agbr Va Vr H$moUË`m a JmZo a Jdm`bm hdr? Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.4

- bmb, {haì`m, {Zù`m H$S>m n H$s H$moUVr H$S> gjù`mv _mor>r Amho? H$moUVr gjù`mv bhmz Amho? - hr àë`oh$ H$S> {H$Vr bm ~ Amho Vo Amnë`mbm _moovm `ob b H$m? H$emZo _mooy`mv? _wbm H$Sy>Z `oumè`m H$ënZm `m. Ë`m dñvy Zr _moom. - Ë`mZ Va _wbm Zm gwmdm H$s EH$H$mMo gwq>o dmnê$zhr Amnë`mbm _moovm `ob b. - Vr àë`oh$ H$S> EH$H$mMo gwq>o dmnê$z _moom. - EImXr H$S>, EImXr aok {H$Vr bm ~ Amho Vo _mooyz AmH$S>çmV gm {JVb H$s Ë`m AmH$S>çmbm Ë`m aokomr bm ~r åhuvmv. Amnbm EH$H$ gwq>m Á`m _mnmmm Amho Ë`m A Vambm Zmd Amho - g Q>r_rQ>a. Ë`mbm go_r Ag {b{hvmv. - _wbm Zr dhrv {bhm`m - bmb H$S>oMr bm ~r = ----- go_r {haì`m H$S>ooMr bm ~r = ----- go_r {Zù`m H$S>oMr bm ~r = ----- go_r g»`m _wbm Zr ñdv _mooyz ^am`à`m. {Xdg 3 bm ~r JQ>mV H$m_ - _wbm Zm gm Jm - - EH$H$mMo gwq>o dmnê$z 5 go_r bm ~ aok XmIdm. (_wbm Zr 5 gwq>o gai aofov _m Sy>Z ~moyzo aok AmIyZ XmIdm`Mr. ) - AmVm 8 go_r bm ~ aok XmIdm. - _J 9 go_r bm ~ aok XmIdm`bm gm Jm. - AmVm _wbm Zm gm Jm - 10 go_r bm ~ aok XmIdm. (XeH$mMm Xm S>m dmnam`mm gwmvmo H$m Vo nhm. Vwåhr gwmdy ZH$m.) Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.5

H $Vr 2 - {d[dy dñvy Mr bm ~r EH$H$mMo gwq>o / XeH$-Xm S>m dmnê$z _moom`bm gm Jm - CXm. dojdojù`m _mnm À`m IamQ>çmÀ`m H$mS>çm, dojdojù`m _mnm À`m ñq >m, dojdojù`m _mnm À`m nopýgbr, H$mJXmda AmIboë`m dojdojù`m _mnm À`m aokm - _wbm Zr dhrv `m àë`oh$ aokoà`m _mnm Mr Zm X H$am`Mr. H $Vr 3 - _wbm Zm _moonå>rm {ZarjU H$am`bm gm Jm. - Ë`mda H$m` H$m` {XgV Amho? - nå>rdamo {b{hbobo AmH$S>o {H$Vr A Vamda AmhoV? - nå>rdarb 1 go_r A Va åhuoo {H$Vr Vo _wbm Zm g_ov Amho Zm Vo nhm. - darb H $VrVrb gd dñvy nå>r dmnê$z _moom`bm gm Jm. H $Vr 4 - {d{dy bm ~rà`m aokm nå>r dmnê$z AmIm`bm gm Jm. H $Vr 5 - _wbm Zm J{UVmM nmr>çnwñvh$ `m`bm gm Jm. - Ë`mMr _mor>r ~moy {H$Vr go_r bm ~ Amho? - Ë`mMr bhmz ~moy {H$Vr go_r bm ~ Amho? - `m nwñvh$mmm AmH$ma H$moUVm? (Am`V) - Am`VmÀ`m _mor>çm ~moybm bm ~r åhuvmv Am{U bhmz ~moybm é Xr åhuvmv. nmr>çnwñvh$mmr bm ~r = ----- go_r nmr>çnwñvh$mmr é Xr = ----- go_r Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.6

- AmVm Am`V AmH$mamÀ`m AZoH$ dñvy _wbm Zm Úm. CXm. dhr, nmoñq>h$ms>, _m{gh$mmm H$mJX, dv _mznìmmm H$mJX B. _wbm Zr Ë`m àë`oh$ Am`VmMr bm ~r Am{U é Xr _moom`mr. `mvë`m àë`oh$ A VamgmR>r _wbm Zr AmYr {H$Vr go_r Agob Ë`mMm A XmO H$am`Mm Am{U _J àë`j _moom`m. - ho H$aVmZm _wbm Zr dhrv nwt>rb Vº$m ^am`mm. dñvy A XmOo bm ~r mooyz bm ~r A XmOo ê $Xr mooyz é Xr J{UVmM nwñvh$ nmoñq>h$ms> nonamm H$mJX m{gh$mmm H$mJX {Xdg 4 _rq>a JQ>mV H$m_ - _wbm Zm gm Jm - e ^a go_r bm ~rmr aok AmIm. H$er AmIm`Mr Vo _wbm Zm R>ady Úm. Vo H$Xm{MV 10 Xm S>o EH$mnwT>o EH$ OmoSy>Z aok H$aVrb qh$dm _mor>r aok AmIyZ Vr _moov OmVrb. - qeß`mh$s>mm Q>on dmnê$z `m aokomr bm ~r _moom`bm gm Jm. - 100 go_r Pmbo H$s Ë`m A Vambm 1 _rq>a åhuvmv ho gm Jm. - Ë`m Q>onda H$moUË`m IwUm AgVmV, H$moUVr _mn AgVmV Vo nhm`bm gm Jm. Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.7

- Ë`mVbo go_r H$moUVo Vo nhm`bm gm Jm. - {H$Vr go_r Mm 1 _rq>a Pmbm? - _wbm Zr EH$_oH$m À`m JQ>m Mr aok Q>on dmnê$z _moom`mr. - AmVm _wbm Zm gm Jm - _ XmZmda 2 _rq>a bm ~rmr aok AmIm. 3 _rq>a bm ~rmr aok AmIm. - emiovë`m EImÚm OmJonmgyZ Q>onZo _mooyz 10 _rq>a A Vamda IyU H$am`bm gm Jm. ho A Va åhuoo 10 _rq>a ho _wbm Zm ZrQ> g_ob nm{hoo Am{U Ë`mMm A XmO bjmv R>odÊ`mMm Ë`m Zr à`ëz Ho$bm nm{hoo. - djm Mr bm ~r, é Xr, \$ù`mmr bm ~r, {^VtMr bm ~r, XmoZ Im ~m _Yb A Va `mgmair A Va _wbm Zm Q>onZo _moom`bm gm Jm. `m àë`oh$ A VamgmR>r _wbm Zr AmYr {H$Vr _rq>a Agob Ë`mMm A XmO H$am`Mm Am{U _J A Va _moom`m. A Va A XmOo _rq>a _mooyz _rq>a djm Mr bm ~r djm Mr ê $Xr \$ù`mmr bm ~r q^vrmr bm ~r Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.8

{Xdg 5 _rq>a-go_r énm Vao JQ>mV H$m_ - 1 _rq>a A VamÀ`m IwUm H$am. - ho A Va Q>onZo go_r _Ü`o _moom. - 1 _rq>a = 100 go_r - _J 2 _rq>a A Va Oa go_r _Ü`o _moob Va Vo {H$Vr `ob b? 2 _rq>a = ---- go_r - nwt>rb Vº$m MMm H$aV, emoyv ^am. _rq>a go_r 1 2 3 500 400 AYm 1000 nmd nmd$u - _wbm er àízmoîma H$aV _rq>amo go_r H$aVmZm 100 Zo JwUm`M Am{U go_rmo _rq>a H$aVmZm 100 Zo ^mjm`m BWn ªV _wbm Zm AmUm. Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.9

{Xdg 6 A XmO H$gm `m`mm? JQ>mV H$m_ - _wbm Zm gm Jm - - àë`oh$mzo Amnbr drv {H$Vr go_r A Va _moovo Vo _moom. dhrv Zm X H$am - _mpr drv = ----- go_r. - AmVm drvrzo ~mh$mmr bm ~r _moom. ~mh$mmr bm ~r = ----- drvr = A XmOo ----- go_r - AmVm ~mh$mmr bm ~r Q>onZo _moom. ~mh$mmr bm ~r = ------ go_r - `mà_muo AZoH$ Jmoï>r drvrzo Am{U Q>onZo _moom. H $Vr 2 - _ XmZmda Vwåhr 10 _rq>a A VamMr IyU Ho$br Amho. - àë`oh$mzo 10 _rq>a_ü`o AmnU {H$Vr nmdb MmbVmo Vo _moom`m. 10 _rq>a_ü`o _mpr ----- nmdb ^avmv. åhuoo 1000 go_r _Ü`o ---- nmdb. - Ë`mdê$Z Amnë`m EH$m nmdbmm A Va go_r _Ü`o H$mT>m`M. _mâ`m EH$m nmdbmm A Va = ----- go_r - AmVm djm Mr bm ~r nmdbm Zr _moom. djm Mr bm ~r = _mpr ------ nmdb. djm Mr bm ~r = ----- go_r = ------ _r - AmVm 4 _wbm Zm AmirnmirZo Ë`m À`m nmdbm Zr Vo A Va _moom`bm gm Jm. àë`oh$mm A Va {H$Vr ^ab Vo {bhÿz R>odm. AmVm {dmmam - - àë`oh$mm dojdoji H$m Amb? - à_m{uv Am{U Aà_m{UV _moo_mnm ~Ôb _wbm Zm gm Jm. Ho$ìhm Aà_m{UV Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.10

_moo_mn KoVbob MmbV, Ho$ìhm à_m{uvm bmjv `m~ôb MMm H$am. - nwt>rb àíz EH$ EH$ H$aV {dmmam. à_m{uv bmjob H$s Aà_m{UV Mmbob? _wbm Zr Ë`m~m~VÀ`m _wx²>úm Mm {dmma H$aU Ano{jV Amho. A_wH$M CÎma {Xb nm{hoo Ag Zmhr. - qeß`mzo eq> {edvmzm - B_maV ~m YVmZm - añvm V`ma H$aVmZm - S>m JamÀ`m XmoÝhr ~moy Zr ImoXV ~mojxm V`ma H$ê$Z EH$Ì {_idm`mm Agob Voìhm - g_moamg_moaà`m q^vt_ü`o ns>úmgmr>r Xm S>m ~gdm`mm Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Xm S>çmM _mn KoVmZm - emio^modvrmr q^v ~m YVmZm H $Vr 3 - AmgnmgÀ`m {d{dy Jmoï>r _wbm Zm _moom`bm gm Jm - djm Mr q^v {H$Vr nmdb Amho? Q>mH$sn`ªVM A Va {H$Vr H$mR>çm Amho? \$ù`mnmgyz _mjmr q^v {H$Vr nmdbm da Amho? `mà_muo.. {Xdg 7 {H$bmo_rQ>a JQ>mV H$m_ - _wbm Zm {dmmam - Jmdm _Ybr A Va H$emV _moovmv? g Q>r_rQ>a_Ü`o _moovmv H$m? _rq>a_ü`o _moovmv H$m? ^yjmobmà`m nwñvh$mv AmnU {H$bmo_rQ>a dmmb Amho. Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.11

1000 _rq>a Pmbo H$s 1 {H$bmo_rQ>a hmovmv. ho gm Jm. - 10 _rq>a_ü`o Amnbr {H$Vr nmdb MmbyZ hmovmv ho àë`oh$mbm _mhrv Amho. Ë`mdê$Z 1000 _rq>a_ü`o {H$Vr nmdb ~gvrb? åhuoo EH$m OmJodê$Z {ZKmb Am{U {VVH$s nmdb gai aofov Mmbb Va Vo A Va hmob b A XmOo 1 {H$bmo_rQ>a. - EImÚm gmymau gai añë`mdê$z {VVH$s nmdb MmbyZ àë`oh$mzo Amnbm 1 {H$bmo_rQ>a emoym`mm. (_mor>çm ehamv ho WmoS> g AdKS> OmB b. ghbrbm ~mhoa Joë`mZ Va H$aVm `ob b) - _moq>agm`h$bà`m [as>tjdê$zhr emioà`m JoQ>nmgyZ Hw$R>n`ªVM A Va åhuoo 1 {H$bmo_rQ>a ho hr gm Jm. ho _moovmzm _wbm Zm gh^mjr H$ê$Z `m. H $Vr 2 {H$bmo_rQ>a-_rQ>a énm Vao - 1 {H$bmo_rQ>a = {H$Vr _rq>a? 2 {H$bmo_rQ>a = {H$Vr _rq>a? - `mgmaio àíz {dmmav nwt>rb Vº$m ^am`mm Amho. {H$bmo_rQ>a _rq>a 1 2 3 5000 4000 10000 Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.12

{H$bmo_rQ>a _rq>a 1 AYm nmd nmd$u 2000 30000 H $Vr 3-1 go_r åhuoo {H$Vr gmymau Ho$dT> A Va? - {H$Vr go_rmm 1 _rq>a hmovmo? - 1 _rq>a åhuoo gmymau Ho$dT> A Va? - {H$Vr _rq>amm 1 {H$bmo_rQ>a hmovmo? - 1 {H$bmo_rQ>a åhuoo gmymau Ho$dT> A Va? - EH$ A Va go_r _Ü`o _mooyz Iyn _mor>r g»`m Ambr... Va VoM A Va _rq>a_ü`o _mooë`mda `oumar g»`m Ë`mhÿZ bhmz Agob (H$maU Amnb _mn _mor> Pmb ) VoM A Va {H$bmo_rQ>a_Ü`o _moob Va `oumar g»`m AmUIr Iyn bhmz Agob. (H$maU AmVm Amnb _mn IynM _mor> Pmb ) ho _wbm Zm g_ob nm{hoo. Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.13

{Xdg 8 bm ~CS>r Am{U C MCS>r _ XmZmda - _ XmZmda EH$ aok AmIm. - àë`oh$ _wbmzo bm ~yz YmdV `od$z Ë`m aokonmgyz bm ~CS>r _mam`mr. - Amnbr CS>r {H$Vr bm ~ Jobr Vo A Va _rq>a-go_r _Ü`o àë`oh$mzo ñdv _moom`m. - Á`mMr CS>r gdm V bm ~ Jobr Am{U Á`mZo {~ZMyH$ _moo_mon Ho$b Vmo qoh$bm. H $Vr 2 - _ XmZmda C MCS>rMr gmo` Agob Va àë`oh$mzo C MCS>r _mam`mr Am{U Amnb A Va _moom`m. - Á`mMr CS>r gdm V C M Jobr Am{U Á`mZo {~ZMyH$ _moo_mon Ho$b Vmo qoh$bm. - Á`m emim _Ü`o _ XmZmda C MCS>rMr gmo` Zmhr {VWo hr H $Vr nwt>rbà_muo `m. - EHo$H$m _wbmzo hmvmv ISy> KoD$Z \$ù`modi `m`m. - OmñVrV OmñV C M CS>r _mê$z \$ù`mda aok _mam`mr. - O{_ZrnmgyZ Amnbr aok {H$Vr C Mrda Amho Vo A Va àë`oh$mzo ñdv _moom`m. - Á`mMr aok gdm V C M Am{U Á`mZo {~ZMyH$ _moo_mon Ho$b Vmo qoh$bm. Zd{Z{_ Vr 30.14