16 5 2019 5 ChineseJournalofManagement Vol.16No.5 May2019 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672 884x.2019.05.006!" ( ) #$:!"# $%!&' $, 377()*+,,-./01 23456789:;, / ; <=>?@ABCDE> CD F@,01 2345678!"#; GHI@7AJ KL8 MNO,!&'; I@7 L8MNO;!"#; %!&'; PQ ABCD,AJ KL LMR ST01 U2345678, V01 U2345678 WX!"#XY F!&'XY @ %&':; ; ;!"#;$"# :C93 ()*+,:A (-. :1672 884X(2019)05 0676 10 犐狀犳犾狌犲狀犮犻狀犵犕犲犮犺犪狀犻狊犿狅犳犛狌狆犲狉狅狉犱犻狀犪狋犲 狊犘犲狉犳狅狉犿犪狀犮犲犃狆狆狉犪犻狊犪犾犘狅犾犻狋犻犮狊狅狀犛狌犫狅狉犱犻狀犪狋犲狊 犆狉犲犪狋犻狏犲犅犲犺犪狏犻狅狉 : 犅犪狊犲犱狅狀犛狅犮犻犪犾犆狅犿狆犪狉犻狊狅狀犪狀犱犛狅犮犻犪犾犈狓犮犺犪狀犵犲犘犲狉狊狆犲犮狋犻狏犲狊 ZHAOShusong ZHANG Yijie (CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha,China) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Basedonsocialcomparisontheoryandsocialexchangetheory,thisstudyconstructs twomechanismswhichmediatetheefectofsuperordinates performanceappraisalpoliticsonsubordi nates creativebehavior,anddiscussescomplementaryrelationshipandalternativerelationshipbe tweentwodiferentmechanisms.byanalyzing377samples,theresultsshowthat:(1)insocialcom parisonmechanism,perceivedinteractionaljusticemediatestheefectofsuperordinates performance appraisalpoliticsonsubordinates creativebehavior,whileinsocialexchangemechanism,perceived organizationalsupportmediatesthisefect;(2)therelationshipbetweensocialcomparison mecha nismandsocialexchangemechanismiscomplementary.perceivedinteractionaljusticeandperceived organizationalsupportsequentialymediatetheefectofsuperordinates performanceappraisalpolitics onsubordinates creativebehavior,whichshowsthattheefectofsuperordinates performanceap praisalpoliticsonsubordinates creativebehaviorisrealizedbysocialcomparisonprocessstimulating socialexchangeprocess. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :performanceappraisalpolitics;perceivedinteractionaljustice;perceivedorganization alsupport;alternativerelationship;complementaryrelationship 1./01( 234, 56789:; < =>?,@ ABCDE/= +, FGH,IJKCE 5LMNO= [1] P,AB Q R? S T UVWXY B. / AR SHAD Z [2] [\, T ] P B ^S _,`a B bc.,] 8 /, /01 :2018 09 26 :%&' ()*+(2018JJ2540);,- ()*+(71832004) 676
B / WX 4 :4 5,O W X 789:, P B. Z / [3~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` B / WXLaO b c FO / 5, & " A B C D E # U " 2,POON [3] Q \ 5,7 CDE F / ]a LE:/ B,NE a M ;, 5 W X J ] [4,5] "A,0 < ] [3~5] 4,F / E LE[ABCDE/ B P B. B5L /; NE /ABCDE/ Z A Z : " 0M A 677
16 5 2019 5 B 5L / / 20 KY E ",R ] E :1 5 L, / /: =.? [12] ;2QR,F / / = QR, \ = S 3 [13] "Q,0 F / /.=>? 7 = > P / AB # / " B / WX J Y 4 = [14,15]./4! @ "? /, B Y, WX B [5],,2 T B / 2 WX 4 ^, G. B/?,T F J G.,, I B Q T QR KY 2 T B T IO " \ 7 =>, T B % B =S / 4^, B (, B K Y &, % F \7=> 34, B O 1, O 0, BFT T,? O /, \] : 341 B / WX " 1, / WX; / WX 2.2 56789 :; WX B [ Y ^ R,R R 3 [16] ADAMS [17] T 6 /, "F \, "5LFT WXO. / %, Q R? : T 8 0 678 @ABE\" B Z + G., Q R? T ] 4 & ^, B 5 L J F "O= L T 6, BTF G. Q, \ Q, " = < 5 L T Y, R # R, JP 6, ( ^ K, TF 4 R. [18] V,AB + QR? \ & /T Y 3,@ A B E \ " B A B Z+ G., QR?] /O, B F J A " = 5L, B 6 : 2 # Q, A"= < 5LFT Q \ 2 ; # R R T I Y R 2 ;A B QR? O 1TI /, 2 W X B / : /, B / KY T \ 4.! / " " = -# /Z /, - # / Z $ % / [19,20] O?,4 & J :, Y B T.,? Q J 5L, "&9 # Q, Y BTF' # /, Q = S / J L ( ; Y R B? R, / /5L:%#,= S / - 5 L; Y B AB, J 4,. R ] J WX B /QR?PT?M.< B / WX784 P QR, : : () B ) = #
B / WX 4 Q, TI B Q T \, P B \ 5L-, B*G. + 1, \ /; T B Y 2, 2 T P B 5L-, B. /, Q, B / WX: Q? M. < =, \ ] : 342 WX B / QR?PT?M.< 34 2a W X B / QR?PT?M.< 342b R W X B / QR?PT?M.< 342c W X B / QR?PT?M.<! # -,. / ",R # / ",! 0( ) I# /. /,3 2 ^ 5 1 @ UV01 [16], WX B / QR?, R PT?M.< % @ 01?, = 51 [21],,0 WX B /QR? PT? M. < # +, :1 :R TXQ R,:4 R ] a ^"# T QR, 0 23 [20] 5?, R /5,K 5 ^ WX, / T, K0 ^ WX [22],0 4 #R 0 QR WX " R 2. / 4 # 8 9 4 5 /, 6P 7 QR? : AB 8 ` 48 ) " O,A B, : (, 1 c [23] Y AB8, J4 (,)1 = 3 P,@ 0 3 9 Q : 2 ;,@ 0 Y 2 " 2 R 2 [24] % 0 " /, $ <U 00= > >? @ A, Q R? A B R Q6 /FT WX B, BFc[\ AB 0,O B C 6 P, D ] = > 4?, 1 N Y IJ B E " A B,\ ", BF /" QR? [20], \] : 342d R./?M c 5WX B / ^ L @ 0 1,? M U V " R?M 2.3 56 9 :; WX B [ Y. & R, " R [25] T 6,@ R / F ' G1.HI, T K Y ",7 FJ O.. / [26] AB E./ B +?! 0,O /! " R AB Q R? G.K O B 2 ^,: W X B & # Q,@ A B " L B 5 L, B J ' T 3,O M N O T F *, QR? BT Y 1 ",,@ A B " B 5L, B O T F> & M N O =., Q R? BT KY P,Q A WX B / T 6 *+, Y B T RbS P = + T " 5 L, WX.U< / V / [27,28] V, /. / 4 ( V 89 /,O=S W R A " R [29] T XK Y, _ ] a 679
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B / WX 4 27.9%; R ^,? a ] 9.5% 14.6% 0 48.8% a ] A 27.1%;. ^,4 ] 15.1%; 1~3 10.6% 4~5 11.1%;6~8 22.3% 8 ]A 40.8%; ^,3000 ] 17.0% 3000~5000 28.6% 5001~8000 30.8% 8000 ] A 23.6%;. ^,8 34.5% 10.6% E 43.8%? E 11.1% 3.2!"BC / #c #,0 <, V c c # c, W c Q 3 QR, # c * I< Likert7 B #c,o? 1~5 8 ` 2 Y 8` (1) c # c < [4] c, 8 *,O?,4 *<]#c ( ),, Z "= C ] Z+1. Z;4 * <]#c ( ),, Q A C Z <,] I Z N Z K"0 & ` E EEE3 "#,F c *? 0 X / 4 0,R,,F Z "= C ] Z+1. / "= C ] +1. (2) c #c < SCOTT Z [13] /c, 6 *,, 9: < R ^ Z (3) c # c < [31] "?, c, 14 * O?,6 *<]#c,, ",A B T &, SY > Z;4 *<]#cr,, \ " :4 < Z;4 * < ] # c,,. Z (4) c #ci< EIS ENBERGER Z [25] c c, V E <, Q,#, 6 *,, T & + Z A c ] V,0 K R.. Z 0 c./h c 4 4.1 DE SY / WXW R A " /,0 # c & :, c #c ",% #c ^ M0 / A ^ M0,0 R H H E^ H :1 P 6 J, 0M ;, *,2 c, #c * #,7 H+], A 4 2I< Harman 5 L U, L 4 ^ 0 5 c / 33.64%, 0 ^ M 0 % K V,SY 2, POD SAKOFFZ [32]., < ^ % @ ^ M0 ( 1) 1%, - 2 ( χ2 / 犱犳 =7.521, 犆犉犐 =0.552, 犜犔犐 = 0.523, 犚犕犛犈犃 =0.132, 犛犚犕犚 =0.113), - L G ( χ2 / 犱犳 =2.215, 犆犉犐 =0.920, 犜犔犐 =0.911, 犚犕犛犈犃 =0.057, 犛犚犕犚 =0.049), 0 7 c Z,%] ^ M0 5L 1 FGHI JKL( 犖 =377) χ 2 / 犱犳 犆犉犐 犜犔犐犚犕犛犈犃犛犚犕犚 - : 犕 犘 犐 J 犘 J 犇 J 犛 犆 2.215 0.920 0.911 0.057 0.049 - : 犕 犘 犐 J+ 犘 J 犇 J 犛 犆 2.538 0.897 0.887 0.064 0.053 - : 犕 犘 犐 J+ 犛 犘 J 犇 J 犆 2.749 0.883 0.872 0.068 0.055 - : 犕 犘 犐 J+ 犘 J+ 犇 J 犛 犆 3.339 0.842 0.829 0.079 0.061 - : 犕 犘 犐 J+ 犘 J+ 犇 J+ 犛 犆 4.068 0.792 0.776 0.090 0.069 - : 犕 + 犘 犐 J+ 犘 J+ 犇 J 犛 犆 4.919 0.734 0.713 0.102 0.120 - : 犕 + 犘 犐 J+ 犘 J+ 犇 J+ 犛 犆 5.641 0.683 0.660 0.111 0.124 - : 犕 + 犘 犐 J+ 犘 J+ 犇 J+ 犛 + 犆 6.827 0.600 0.574 0.124 0.136 - : 犕 + 犘 + 犐 J+ 犘 J+ 犇 J+ 犛 + 犆 7.521 0.552 0.523 0.132 0.113 : 犕 ; 犘 ; 犐 J ; 犘 J R ; 犇 J ; 犛 ; 犆 / ; ;+ 7 4.2 MN N J 0 < SPSS24.0 I R /c ( 2) 2 %, 681
16 5 2019 5 c Cronbach sα # " 0.8, #cc 4 R,# # c <R ^0 c, ^ 0 / 67.429% 73.026% 74.800% 67.401% 66.858% 68.617% 58.056%,c V " 0.6,A c 犓犕犗 / 0.751 0.810 0.839 0.778 0.889 0.918 0.847,Bart let ^ U V " 0.001, 2 BC O % J c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. - 2. -0.229-3. 0.009-0.105 (0.832) 4. -0.039 0.095 0.002 (0.875) 5. -0.012 0.076 0.181-0.276 (0.887) 6.R -0.095 0.027 0.218-0.265 0.605 (0.834) 7. 0.016-0.117 0.309-0.332 0.545 0.686 (0.900) 8. -0.124 0.007 0.263-0.336 0.473 0.556 0.712 (0.907) 9. / -0.153 0.116 0.184-0.120 0.216 0.318 0.385 0.427 (0.855) 1.610 3.150 3.462 2.683 4.361 4.378 4.821 4.844 5.007 0 0.488 1.415 1.156 1.017 1.309 1.136 1.075 1.077 0.869 : :1=,2= ; :1=24 ],2=24~30,3=31~35,4=36~40,5=40 ]A; 7 / Cronbach sα ; 狆 <0.01 狆 <0.05, /, 4.3 O % J c 0 "# 4 # 2 2 %, ( 狉 =0.181, 狆 <0.01) R ( 狉 =0.218, 狆 <0.01) ( 狉 =0.309, 狆 <0.01) ( 狉 =0.263, 狆 <0.01) /( 狉 =0.184, 狆 <0.01) U V "; ( 狉 = -0.276, 狆 <0.01) R ( 狉 = -0.265, 狆 <0.01) ( 狉 =-0.332, 狆 <0.01) ( 狉 =-0.336, 狆 <0.01) / ( 狉 =-0.120, 狆 <0.05) U V ", 0 6-#,/ 4.4 K P?@ J / #c 0,0 I<5 ^R-, B / 9, 5L%, H 0 c N, B / WX( β =0.141, 狆 <0.01) 2.212, 犆犉犐 =0.910, 犜犔犐 =0.901, 犚犕犛犈犃 = 0.057, 犛犚犕犚 =0.059) Y 5 LU, H Z0 cn, W X B ( β =0.233, 狆 <0.01) R ( β =0.222, 狆 <0.01) ( β =0.359, 狆 <0.01); - # ( β = -0.412, 狆 <0.01) R ( β = -0.347, 狆 <0.01) ( β =-0.426, 狆 <0.01); WX B /( β =0.323, 狆 <0.01) /( β =0.116, 狆 <0.01) /( β = -0.138, 狆 <0.01)3?M.<, R?M.< 2U V, 2d 2eJ Y, 2a 2b JY B / WX( β = -0.136, 狆 <0. 01) UV, # - : χ2 / 犱犳 = 2.352, 犆犉犐 =0.917, 犜犔犐 =0.904, 犚犕犛犈犃 = 0.060, 犛犚犕犚 =0.052, 1 J Y N, R./? M c O? M,7 < Mplus7.0 I 377 0 3000 bootstrap ;J Y - ( 2) - * [ ( χ2 / 犱犳 = 2 3Q789 :RSTU, W X B /??M.< "5L,? M - [ ( χ 2 =376.966, 犱犳 =164, χ2 / 犱犳 =2.298, 犆犉犐 =0.945, 犜犔犐 = 0.937, 犚犕犛犈犃 =0.059, 犛犚犕犚 =0.048), 682
B / WX 4 /( β =0.111, 狆 < 0.01) / ( β = -0.157, 狆 <0.01)3?MUV,95% Z /[0.056,0.183] [-0.238,-0.097], 2 0, 3JY N, <5 ^R?M3 "# / G-,0 6- (?M- ) A*GY B /,. - ]?M % 6 - [, : χ 2 =927.947, c3 " #, 3?M Z"$"# 6-5 L 3 3 %, H " 0 cn, U V W X ( β =0.375, 狆 < 0.01), U V W X ( β =-0.440, 狆 <0.01) 2 WX 2UV, - #. < ( β =0.732, 狆 <0.01), UV-# B /( β =0.250, 狆 <0.05) 犱犳 =441, χ2 / 犱犳 =2.104, 犆犉犐 =0.915, 犜犔犐 = 0.907, 犚犕犛犈犃 =0.054, 犛犚犕犚 =0.056 - [, : χ 2 =927.310, 犱犳 =439, χ2 / 犱犳 = 2.112, 犆犉犐 = 0.915, 犜犔犐 = 0.906, 犚犕犛犈犃 =0.054, 犛犚犕犚 =0.056 E -, Q %]P, 6- - ^ U V 0 1 (Δχ 2 (2)=0.637, 狆 >0.05) ANDERSON Z [33], 3 VW : TU *G UV -,? McPT? M. < V,0. a &?M- c?m # 3 3 %,?M 2UV,?Mc./!-,] E?M D:$" ( β =0.069, 狆 =0.027) # :! " #! - [ ( χ 2 = ( β =-0.080, 狆 =0.023) B 1130.890, 犱犳 =442, χ2 / 犱犳 =2.558, 犆犉犐 = 0.880, 犜犔犐 =0.869, 犚犕犛犈犃 =0.064, 犛犚犕犚 = 0.100) 0, ^ X U V (Δχ 2 (1)= 202.943, 狆 <0.001), 6- K / W X?? M. <,_ Bootstrap= 3000 95% Z 2 0, / [0.021,0.144] [-0.170,-0.025], 4JY 3 VW : TU J?M?M D ( 0) 狆 Z(95%) / 0.048(0.036) 0.174 [-0.011,0.132] / 0.007(0.015) 0.632 [-0.019,0.040] / 0.069(0.031) 0.027 [0.021,0.144] / -0.057(0.040) 0.154 [-0.140,0.017] / -0.025(0.018) 0.169 [-0.074,0.000] / -0.080(0.035) 0.023 [-0.170,-0.025] 5 0 R JY] 56:1 UVWX B /,O W X ^, P B /, B /.<;2 W X B /QR?,? M. <R PT;3 B / WX?P T? M. <,_ E E? M. < Z"$"#, Q?Mc PT.< 0 6 R ": (1) = " R, A B / B /3?M. < 5 1, 4, 4 = @./ / B /3?M c, 5 1 A B P., B /& 0=A & Z?,WX 683
16 5 2019 5, " " ^.< (2) T 6 T 6, B / W X,7 ` T T 3 "#,. < ^ # YWX B /QR?,0 P, EE?M Z"$" #, B / WX=: 4 T QR,>:4 T QR, )" WXQR? 2 (3) T 6 T 6 3 $! " #,F 5 1 E 6 5,[ \ T QR 2 % WX, T "# X,7 ] / X K", / SE QR3 $"# /P?.<, 5 / P 0 " => J ":1 TY B /, T`aO /, E Z,@ B6P, QR? B Y ), PO = > 2 E QR? / & "K Y?,O WX,4 E [IF BP7S, 0 &, E, A B QR? ; & B,& B 8 ] O 3 R QWX B.<" B /,?M / E - WX # E%] O S(,; 55L! B "# Z)*G B $ 4/ P B /, E=: : 3 *+,E E b 42% 6! 0 @ ] % :1 <,D]>=Z c3 L" #, I< 4 684 " B / WX 2 ", 2@ > & ^ M 0, : % ] B 4 "56 3 T 6 & B,7 A' Z c, % T " # (, B ) B / 2 WX 4 " T 6 T 6, WX B /, S Y HI %]U " c WX HI X ( ) [1],,. C [J]. (,2015(6):177 187. [2]ARSHAD M A,MASOOD M T,AMIN G.Efects ofperformanceappraisalpoliticsonjobsatisfaction, TurnoverIntentionandLoyaltytoSupervisor:Study withreferencetothetelecom OrganizationsofPaki stan[j].international Review of Managementand BusinessResearch,2013,2(3):653 673. [3]POONJM L.EfectsofPerformanceAppraisalPol iticsonjobsatisfactionand TurnoverIntention[J]. PersonnelReview,2004,33(3):322 334. [4]. / W X = [J].& C 6,2012,15(3):150 160. [5])*+. / WX: " # 0 1 X. < [J].@! (, 2017,39(10):56 66. [6]FESTINGERL. A Theory of Social Comparison Processes[J].Human Relations,1954,7(2):117 140. [7]GREENBERGJ,ASHTON JAMESC E,ASHKA NASY N M.SocialComparisonProcessesinOrgani zations[j].organizationalbehavior & HumanDeci sionprocesses,2007,102(1):22 41. [8],, -,./0. Y : 1 I 5. < [J].,2015,33(11): 1621 1633. [9]CROPANZANO R,ANTHONY E L,DANIELSS R,etal.SocialExchangeTheory:ACriticalReview withtheoreticalremedies[j].academyofmanage mentannals,2017,11(1):1 38. [10]EISENBERGERR,STINGLHAMBER F,VAN DENBERGHEC,etal.PerceivedSupervisorSup port:contributionstoperceivedorganizationalsup portandemployeeretention[j].journalofapplied
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