gỳ ªv, e vsk I e vswks Money, Bank & Banking BDwbU 8 f wgkv K_vq e j evrv ii cy wkb j g~j w` Z n e Avi GB g~j Avgiv UvKv A_ vr gỳ ªvi gva g wgwu q _vwk e vsk UvKv ev Gi e emv A_ vr e vswks Kivi mgq A _ i gz wewbg qi gva g ˆZix Ki Z cv i m Kvi YB G wzb wel qi Dci ÁvbvR b Kiv cö qvrb GB BDwbU _ K wkÿv_x iv gỳ ªv, e vsk I e vswks Gi m úk m ú K we ÍvwiZ Rvb Z cvi e BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m e v P mgq 2 mßvn GB BDwb Ui cvvmg~n cvv-8.1 : gỳ ªv I Gi BwZnvm, gỳ ªv Ges e vs Ki m úk cvv-8.2 : e vsk, e vswks I e vskvi cvv-8.3 : e vsk e emv qi BwZnvm I µgwekvk g~l kã gỳ ªv, e vsk, e vswks I e vskvi
GmGmwm cövmövg cvv-8.1 gỳ ªv I Gi BwZnvm D Ïk G cvv k l Avcwb- gỳ ªvi aviyv e vl v Ki Z cvi eb; gỳ ªvi BwZnvm e vl v Ki Z cvi eb; gỳ ªv I e vs Ki m úk e vl v Ki Z cvi eb gỳ ªvi aviyv gỳ ªv nj wewbg qi gva g, hv mevi Kv Q MÖnYxq Ges hv g~ j I cwigvck I mâ qi evnb wnmv e KvR K iõ Gevi Avmyb G wel q R b wbb h Kv bv jb `b Kivi Rb gỳ ªv e envi Kwi UvKvi wewbg q Avgiv evrvi NvU Kwi gỳ ªvi GUv me P q cöavb KvR hgbñ UvKvi gva g GB mâq Ki Z cvwi UvKv e vs K Rwg q Avgiv fwel Zi Rb i L w` Z cvwi UvKvi Aw ÍZ Av Q e jb Avgiv Lye mn R GKRb kªwg Ki ˆ`wbK grywi 400 UvKv wba viy Ki Z cvwi G Z K i A_ bwzk wµqvkjvc mnrmva n q hvq gỳ ªvi BwZnvm GK mg q UvKv ev A _ i Aw ÍZ wqj bv ZLb GKwU c Y i wewbg q Ab GKwU cy Kbv nz Ô`ª e i wewbg q `ªe Õ GB cö_vwu K wewbgq cö_v (Barter System) ejv nz gvbe mf Zvi weez b gvby l Pvwn`vi cök wz e` j hvq G Z `ªe wewbgq cö_v e _ nq wewbg qi gva g QvovI mâ qi fvðvi Ges g~ j i cwigvck wnmv e gỳ ªvi cö qvrbxqzv gỳ ªv m wó Z e vck f~wgkv iv L wewbgq gva g gỳ ªv wnmv e wewfboe mgq Kwo, nv½ ii `vuz, nvwzi `vuz, cv_i, wsbyk, cvo gvwu, Zvgv, iæcv I mvbvi e envi jÿ Kiv hvq ^Y Ges iš c i AjsKvivw`mn Ab vb e env ii Kvi Y KvMwR gỳ ªvi cöpjb Ebwesk kzvãx Z ïiæ nq KvM Ri mnrjf Zv, mn R enb hvm niqv Ges ez gv b wewfboe ik gi wbivcëv wbwðz niqvq KvMwR gỳ ªv e vck cömvi jvf K i Q ez gv b Ab-jvBb Kvh µg cömvi jvf Kivq e vsk gỳ ªv hgbñ µwwu KvW, gvevbj UªvÝdvi BZ vw`i cöpjb e vck nv i e o M Q gỳ ªv Ges e vs Ki m úk mf Zvi weez b gvby li mvgvwrk eüb I A_ bwzk Kg KvÐ e w cvq, hvi d j gvby li g a jb `b Ges wewbg qi Kg KvÐ e o hvq gỳ ªv cöpj bi cicib e vske e vi cª qvrbxqzv `Lv `q, hvi Rb gỳ ªv K e vske e vi Rbbx ejv nq e vske e v cöez bi ci _ K AvR ch ší e vsk gỳ ªv KB Zvi e emvi cöavb Dcv`vb wnmv e e envi Kiv n Q gvby li Kv Q _vkv cö qvr bi AwZwi³ A_ Zvi mâq wnmv e msmö ni gva g e vsk Zvi Avgvb Zi m wó K i, hvi wewbg qi mâqkvix GKwU wbw` ó mỳ ev gybvdv c q _v K GB AvgvbZ FY wnmv e ewa Z my ` cö`v bi gva g BDwbU AvU c ôv 96
wdb vý I e vswks e vsk Zvi e emvwqk gybvdv jvf K i _v K gỳ ªv Qvov hgb e vsk Pj Z cv i bv, Zgwb e vsk Qvov gỳ ªvi e envii mxwgz wkÿv_ xi KvR GKwU e vswks cöwzôv bi mv _ gỳ ªvi m úk wk Zv ch eÿb K i Zzwg Zvgvi wklb Kvh wu SvjvB K i bvi mvims ÿc: h Avw_ K cöwzôvb ga Kvix wn m e GKw` K RbM Yi KvQ _ K AvgbZ wn m e A_ MÖnY Ges Ab w` K FY `vb msµvší Kvh m úv`b K i gybvdv AR b K i Zv K e vsk e j cv VvËi g~j vqb-8.1 mwvk DË ii cv k wuk ( ) w`b 1 wb Pi KvbwU Avw`g hy Mi gy`ªv? K. cv_i L. Zvgv M. ^Y gỳ ªv N. Kwo 2 evu vi wm g Kx? K. `ª e i wewbg q `ªe L. UvKvi wewbg q `ªe M. KvM Ri wewbg q `ªe N. UvKvi wewbg q UvKv 3 gvbe mf Zvi weez b Kb `ªe vw` G K Ac ii mv _ wewbgq K i _v K? K. mvgvwrk eüb evov Z L. hvmv hvm e e v Dbœh bi Rb M. Pvwn`v c~i Yi Rb N. `ªe vw` GK hvqmv _ K Ab hvqmvq vbvší ii Rb 4 gỳ ªv Kx? K. ^Y gỳ ªv L. g~j evb Zvgv M. g~j evb e N. wewbg qi gva g 5 wb Pi KvbwU e vsk e emv qi cöavb Dcv`vb? K. AvgvbZ L. gỳ ªv M. g j N. RvgvbZ BDwbU AvU c ôv 97
GmGmwm cövmövg cvv-8.2 e vsk, e vswks I e vskvi D Ïk G cvv k l Avcwb- e vsk, e vswks I e vskvi Gi aviyv e vl v Ki Z cvi eb e vsk DrcwËi BwZnvm ey bv Ki Z cvi eb e vsk, e vswks I e vskvi e vs Ki mv _ cwiwpz bq Ggb jvk ez gv b cviqv hv e bv e vsk GKwU Avw_ K cöwzôvb A_ wb qb GB cöwzôv bi g~j KvR KviY e vsk A _ i e emvq K i cöwzw`b AMwYZ gvbyl e vs K Zv `i mâq Rgv iv L GB Ask _ K e vsk Avevi Ab GKRb K FY `q A_ vr e vsk GK c ÿi KvQ _ K A_ MÖnY K i Ges Ab cÿ K FY `q Avgvb Zi Dci mỳ `q Avevi F Yi Dci ewk mỳ bq GB ewk mỳ e vs Ki gybvdv Zvn j `Lv hvq h, e vsk ga ZvKvix wn m e Kvh m úv`b K i h Avw_ K cöwzôvb ga ZvKvix wn m e GKw` K RbM Yi KvQ _ K AvgvbZ wn m e A_ MÖnY Ges Ab w` K FY`vb msµvší Kvh m úv`b K i gybvdv AR b K i Zv K e vsk e j e vs Ki msáv ej Z M j Avgiv ej Z cvwi, GwU GKwU Avw_ K cöwzôvb, hv RbM Yi KvQ _ K my `i wewbg q AvgvbZ msmön K i Ges gybvdv AR bi wbwg Ë wewb qvm K i Ges PvwnevgvÎ A_ev wbw` ó mgqv ší mâqkvixi Kv Q diz w` Z eva _v K Õ A dvw wwkkbvwii g Z, Ôe vsk n Q, A_ Rgv, Zvjv Ges FY `qvi GKwU wbivc` cöwzôvb Õ e vswks kãwu e vs Ki Kvh vewji GKwU we Í Z aviyv A_v r e vs Ki mkj AvBbm½Z Kvh vewj e vswks wnmv e cwiwpz wkÿv_ xi KvR e vsk, e vswks I e vskvi Gi aviyv ev Íe Rxe b cö qvm K i Zzwg Zvgvi wklb Kvh wu SvjvB K i bvi mvims ÿc: h cöwzôvb AvgvbZ MÖnY, FY cö`vb, FY I A_ KwgwU Ges A_ msµvší wewfbœ Kvh m úv` bi gva g gybvdv AR b K i Zv K e vsk ejv nq cv VvËi g~j vqb-8.2 mwvk DË ii cv k wuk ( ) w`b 1 h cöwzôvb wewfbœwnmv ei gva g A_ msmön K i I FY cö`vb K i Zv K Kx e j? K. e vsk L. Avw_ K cöwzôvb L. exgv cöwzôvb N. mgevq mwgwz 2 GKwU e vs Ki m úvw`z hvezxq Kvh vejx K Kx e j? K. e vsk L. e vswks M. e vskvi N. e emvq 3 e vs Ki hvezxq Kvh vejx h e vw³ m úv`b K i Zv K Kx e j? K. e vsk L. e vswks M. K `ªxq e vsk N. e vskvi BDwbU AvU c ôv 98
wdb vý I e vswks cvv-8.3 e vsk e emv qi BwZnvm I µgwekvk D Ïk G cvv k l Avcwb- e vsk e emv qi BwZnvm ey bv Ki Z cvi eb e vsk e emv qi µgwekvk ey bv Ki Z cvi eb e vsk e emv qi BwZnvm BZvjx Z 'Banco' k ãi A_ j ^v Uzj mlv b jv ^vww bvgk v b Bû`x gnvr biv j ^v Uzj ev e Âi Dci e m UvKv-cqmv jb `b KiZ ez gv b Avgiv mk jb e vs Ki mv _ cwiwpz e vs Ki DrcwËi cq b GKwU BwZnvm i q Q Avcbvi wbðqb GB BwZnvm m ú K Rvb Z B Q Ki Q Zvn j Avmyb BwZnvmwU R b wbb AvaywbK e vs Ki DrcwË I µ gvbœwzi BwZnvm Gwkqv I BD iv ci wewfbœ A j hym hym a i mgv Ri A_ bwzk Kg Kv Ði Acwinvh Dcv`vb wnmv e wewfbœfv e e vsk e emvq P j Avm Q A_ bwzk BwZnvm eëvmy AvaywbK e vs Ki DrcwË I µ gvbœwzi BwZnvm K mg qi wfwë Z Pvifv M fvm K i Qb h_v- 1. cöv MwZnvwmK hy Mi e vswks 2. cövpxb hy Mi e vswks 3. ga hy Mi e vswks 4. AvaywbK hy Mi e vswks 1. cöv MwZnvwmK hy Mi e vswks [Banking in Pre-historic days (L t cyt 5000 A ãi Av M) ] t mf Zvi cövi n Z L t cyt 5000 Aã ch ší mgq K cöv MwZnvwmK hym aiv nq GZ mg q h nzz gỳ ªvi cöpjb wqj, ZvB Kvb bv Kvb fv e e vswks e emvqi wqj 2. cövpxb hy Mi e vswks [Banking in Ancient Period (L t c~t 5000-400)] t wmüz I wgkixq mf Zvi mg q (L t c~t 5000-2000) D³ A j ek DbœZ ai bi e vswks e e v wqj ZLb wgki I wmüz AÂj ci úi e emvq-evwyr Øviv m úk hy³ wqj Ges Zviv gỳ ªv wewbg qi gva g jb- `b m úbœ KiZ L t c~t 2000-600 Aã ch ší mg q cövpxb ivg I MÖx m A _ i cöpjb wqj G mg q ivg mvgªv R I MÖx m wewfbœ ai bi e vswks Kvh m úbœ Kiv nz L t c~t 50 kz Ki Av M iv g mỳ jiqv I `Iqv wbwl wqj Zvi ci n Z mikvi my` MÖnY ˆea NvlYv K ib L t c~t 2000-600 Aã ch ší mg q eexj b e emvq-evwy R i mnvqk wnmv e gỳ ªv I e vs Ki Aw ÍZ wqj ˆew`K hy M (L t c~t 600 A ã Pxb ` k kv x e vsk bv g GKwU e vsk cöwzôv Kiv n qwqj L t c~t 2000 A ãi w` K iv g FY e vsk wqj BDwbU AvU c ôv 99
GmGmwm cövmövg 3. ga hy Mi e vswks [Banking in Middle Age (L t c~t 400 n Z 1400) ] t 700 L óv ãi w` K iv g hš_ e vsk cöwzôv Kiv nq 1150 mv j BZvjxq cörvzš wj Z hy i LiP wguv bvi R b 5% nvi my ` mikvi GK eva Zvg~jK F Yi cöpjb K ib 1157 mv j Bank of Vanice Ges 1178 L óv ã The Bank of San Giorgio cöwzwôz nq GB mgq BD iv ci ^Y Kvi, gnvrb I e emvqxmy e vswks e vemv q GZ ekx DbœwZ jvf K i h, Zviv mikvi Ges ivrv KI mg q mg q A_ FY w`z 1300 L óv ãi w` K BZvjxi jv ^vww n Z Bû`x e emvqxmy K wezvwoz Ki j Zviv `je fv e jû b wm q emevm Avi K i 4. AvaywbK hy Mi e vswks [Banking in Modern Times (1400 L t) ] t 1407 mv j e vsk Ae R bvqv, 1583 mv j e vsk Ae fwbm Ges 1619 mv j e vsk Ae nv ^ ym cöwzwôz nq 1656 mv j cö_g mb` cövß evwywr K e vsk wnmv e The Bank of Sweden Ges 1694 mv j wøzxq mb` cövß e vsk wnmv e The Bank of England cöwzwôz nq GLv b D jøl hvm h, The Bank of England n jv we k i cö_g msmwvz K `ªxq e vsk, hv ` ki gy`ªvevrvi wbqš Y Avi K i G K_v mz h, mkj hy Mi e vs Ki g a B cök wzmz I gšwjk mvgäm `Lv hvq wkÿv_ xi KvR e vsk e emv qi BwZnvm ev Íe Rxe b cö qvm K i Zzwg Zvgvi wklb Kvh wu SvjvB K i bvi mvims ÿc: AvaywbK e vs Ki DrcwË I µ gvbœwzi BwZnvm K mg qi e eav b Pvifv M fvm Kiv hvq h_vñ (1) cöv MwZnvwmK hy Mi e vswks, (2) cövpxb hy Mi e vswks, (3) ga hy Mi e vswks Ges (4) AvaywbK hy Mi e vswks cö_g mb`cövß evwywr K e vs Ki bvg w` e vsk Ae myb Wb we k i msmwvz K `ªxq e vsk Gi bvg e vsk Ae Bsj vû cv VvËi g~j vqb-8.3 mwvk DË ii cv k wuk ( ) w`b 1 e vsk Ae f vwbm KZ mv j cöwzwôz nq? K. 1157 L. 1177 M. 1257 N. 1277 2 e vswks e emv qi AvaywbKvq b bz Z `q Kvb e vsk? K. evsjv `k e vsk L. e vsk Ae f vwbm M. e vsk Ae myb Wb M. wirvf e vsk Ae BwÛqv BDwbU AvU c ôv 100
wdb vý I e vswks 3 e vsk Ae Bsj vû KZ mv j cöwzwôz nq? K. 1594 mv j L. 1694 mv j M. 1697 mv j N. 1794 mv j 4 fvi Zi K `ªxq e vs Ki bvg Kx? K. evsjv `k e vsk L. e vsk Ae f vwbm M. e vsk Ae myb Wb M. wirvf e vsk Ae BwÛqv DËi ms ÿc K. Ávbg~jK cökœ P~ovšÍ g~j vqb 1 e vsk ej Z wk evsvq? 2 e vswks ej Z Kx eysvq? 3 e vskvi ej Z Kx eysvq? 4 e vs Ki c~e m~ix Kviv? 5 we k i cö_g mb`cövß evwywr K e vs Ki bvg wk? 6 we k i cö_g msmwvz K `ªxq e vs Ki bvg wk? L. Abyavebg~jK cökœ 1 e vs Ki DrcwËi BwZnvm Av jvpbv Kiæb 2 AvaywbK e vs Ki DrcwË I µ gvbœwzi weeiy wjlyb 3 gỳ ªv I e vs Ki m úk Av jvpbv Ki 5 e vsk, e vswks I e vskv ii m úk ms ÿ c Av jvpbv Kiæb m Rbkxj cökœ (Creative Question) 1. Rbve wgrvbyi ingvb eªvk e vs Ki UªBwbs Bbw wud Ui GKRb cöwkÿk eªvk e vs K Kg iz Kg KZ v `i `ÿ K i M o Zvjvi Rb GKwU cöwkÿy Kg kvjvi Av qvrb Kiv nq D³ cöwkÿy K v k wzwb AvaywbK e vsk e e vi DrcwË I µ gvbœwzi BwZnvm mswÿßfv e Av jvrbv K ib wzwb e vsk I gỳ ªv m ú K Av jvpbv K ib Ges e vs Ki Kvh vejx m ú K I Av jvpbv K ib K. e vsk ej Z Kx eys? L. gỳ ªv ej Z Kx eys? M. e vsk I gy`ªvi m úk Av jvpbv Kiæb N. gỳ ªvi e envi Kxfv e `ªe wewbgq K mnr I mvejxj K i Q? e vl v Kiæb BDwbU AvU c ôv 101
GmGmwm cövmövg 2. Rbve Bmjvg GKRb Avg`vwb I ißvwb e emv qi mv _ RwoZ Zvi e emvwqk jb `b m úv` bi Rb wbqwgz e vs Ki mv _ A_ Av`vb cö`vb K ib GRb wzwb Aemi mg q e vsk I e vswks m ú K cov jlv K ib wz b cov jlv K i Rvb Z cv ib AvaywbK e vsk e emv qi Dbœq bi ÿ Î e emvqx Mvôxi iæz c~y f~wgkv I Acwimxg Ae`vb i q Q K. e vsk kã Øviv Kx eysvq? L. gỳ ªvi cöpj bi mv _ e vs Ki DrcwË Kxfv e m ú ³? M. e vsk I e vswks Gi g a cv_ K Kx? N. ÔAvaywbK e vsk e emv qi Dbœq b e emvqx Mvôxi Ae`vb AcwimxgÕ-e³e wui h_v_ Zv Av jvpbv Kiæb DËigvjv cv VvËi g~j vqb- 8.1 : 1. L 2. K 3. M 4. N 5. L cv VvËi g~j vqb- 8.2 : 1. K 2. L 3. N cv VvËi g~j vqb- 8.3 : 1. K 2. M 3. L 4. N 5. K BDwbU AvU c ôv 102