PHAN KE AN Sinhngay: 20.3.1923 Dang vien Dang Cong san Viet Nam Que quan: DUdng Lam, thi xa Sdn Tay, Ha Tay. Ndi of hien nay: So'72, pho Thd Nhuom, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi Dien thoai nha rieng: 04.9424195 Qua trinh cong tac: TrUde 1945: Hoc tai TrUdng Cao d^ng My thuat Dong DUdng thuoe Dai hoc Dong DUdng. 1945-1947: Cong tac tai Bo Thanh nien; TrUdng Dai hoe My thuat Viet Nam; Hoi Van boa edu quo'c; bao Toan dan khang chien. 1947-1951: Hoa si d toa soan bao Su that. 1951-1957: Cong tac tai TW Hoi Van nghe Viet Nam. 1957-1978: Uy vien Ban Chap hanh, Phd tong thu ky Hoi My thuat Viet Nam. 1973-1999: Hoi dong nghe thuat Hoi My thuat Viet Nam. 1999-2005: Uy vien Uy ban Trung Udng Mat tran To quoe Viet Nam khoa V va VI; TrUdng ban My thuat thuoe Hoi dong bien tap Td dien Bach khoa Viet Nam. Mot so dong gop chu yeu: Tu 1957 den 2005: Co bdn 200 bai viet dang tren cac td bao chuyen nganh va cac bao d Ha Noi. Da sang tac tren 1.000 tac pham du cac the loai. Khen thifdfng: 3 giai Nhat Trien lam My thuat toan quoc (1951, 1955, I960): Huan chudng Khang chien chong Phap hang Nhi (1961); Huan chudng Khang chien chong My bang Nhat (1985); Huan ehudng Doc lap hang Ba (1988); Giai thudng Nha nude ve van hoc nghe thuat (2001) va nhieu huan, buy chudng khac. 8
MOT HOA Si TAI HOA, MOT CAY BUT LY LUAN sac SAO "Mieng sac mat cdng sac I Hien hod khi ve tranh I Gdi nhd "Chieu Tay Bdc" I Mot gam mdu rat xanh/vdi ly con da nhdp I Thdi thi nay cong danh I Thdi thi nay tien bgc I Chi con ddi mat xanh" (Phae Van). Chan dung ngudi hoa si tai hoa Phan Ke An da dude ban be than tinh ve len nhu vay do! Chi may net phae hoa tudng nhu sd sai, nhung da kha day dii ve mot ngudi nghe si tren 80 tudi vdi nhucng cong hien bet minh eho each mang, eho nghiep ve va cho cuoc ddi. "Tdi den vdi cdch mgng hdo hitng, trdn ddy long nhiet tinh vd mot niem tin khong gi lay chuyen ndi!" - mdi khi nhd lai nhdng thang nam sue soi each mang ngay tai que budng DUdng Lam, Sdn Tay - ndi TrUdng Cao dang My thuat Dong DUdng sd tan - vi boa si gia quae thudc lai khong khoi boi hoi. Ho da dam song, dam by sinh than minh vi su nghiep chung cua each mang, ciia dat nudc. Do la nhiing nam thang bao hung, dang gbi nhd ciia ea mot dan toe, trong dd moi ngudi deu dong vai trd nhd be cua minh de lam nen chien thang. Va, Phan Ke An la mot ngudi "nhd be" cung trieu trieu ngudi dan Viet Nam gdp phan lap nen ky tich dd. Ngay td khi la sinh vien TrUdng Cao dkng My thuat Dong DUdng, Phan Ke An da la mot trong nbijfng gudng mat sinh vien CO nhieu boat dong tich cuc nhat trong phong trao sinh vien edu quoc. Ndi ve nhijfng ngay thang dau tien bd ngd, ong cho biet: "Khi ay, trudc cdch mgng, chung tdi dgc dudc mot sd truyen ddn cua Viet Minh. Cd Ian, tdi dudc xem td truyen ddn dudi ky ten Nguyen Ai Quoc. Anh em chung tdi nhieu ngudi ndo nue tham gia hogt dong lam. Tdi ve Ha Ndi gap anh DUdng Ditc Hien rdi anh LUu Thg, anh Ddo Ditc Thong Id hai sinh vien Canh ndng, chit dong dat van de sinh vien My thuat tham gia
phong trdo sinh vien edu quoc. Tdi dudc nghe bai hgc sd dang ve td chitc (lap td 3 ngudi), cdc anh gdi y tdi vi Sdn Tdy td chdc phong trdo sinh vien My thuat, bat mdi vdi Viet Minh d Sdn Tdy. Chung tdi bdt ddu chuyen sang hogt dong chinh tri. Nhieu anh em My thuat nhu Mai Van Nam, Tg Thue Binh, Vinh Nodn, Mai Van Hien, Li Phd, Kim Dong, Phan Thong, Nguyin Tu Nghiem, Ton Ditc LUdng (tdc Nguyin HUu Kinh), Nguyin Van Thien, Trdn Quoc An, Biii Xudn Phdi... rdt hang hdi". Dd la thdi ky ma sau nay Xuan Dieu goi la "thdi vdt but". Dung my thuat de boat dong each mang, Phan Ke An va sinh vien My thuat Sdn Tay (TrUdng sd tan ve day td nam 1943 den nam 1945) to chde nhung binh thde boat dong cong kbai b^ng cac cuoc trien lam tranh eo dong chinh tri de cao tinh than yeu nude. Day ed the goi la trien lam dau tien ciia gidi my thuat Viet Nam ve tranh eo dong chinh tri va dude quan chung Sdn Tay luc bay gid rat hoan ngbenh. Roi trien lam hoi hoa dude to chde (tai phong Thong tin thi xa) thu hut kha dong dao anh chi em boa si tham gia, cong khai ket hdp vdi bi mat. Phan Ke An ke r^ng: "Toi ciing vdi anh Nguyen Nggc Hoan, edn bd Viet Minh d Sdn Tdy, dd nhiiu Ian bo vdo trgi linh Nhat d Tong (chiia Thong, Sdn Lde) lay trdm sdng dan de chuyen ra cho td chitc". Nhung boat dong cua chang cdng tii Phan Ke An da nhan dude su dong vien cua chinh ngudi cha - Kham sai dai than Phan Ke Toai (sau nay la Bo trudng Bo Noi vu roi Phd thu tudng Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa) - tham chi ca can nha cua gia dinh d que cung dude dung lam ndi eat giau via khi cho each mang. Hoi boa, chinh con dudng nay da dan ong tdi dinh vinh quang, nbu mot duyen ddi cua chinh ong va cua dat nude. Ong nhd lai: "Trdi qua nhitng bien cd ddy khd khan, phuc tap, Tdu TUdng vdo, gidc Phdp gdy hdn... mot nhdm 6 sinh vien My thuat d nhd tdi lde dd dude chi dinh den nhd anh Nguyen Dinh Thi d dp Thdi Ha de bi mat ve vd khac nhung tranh cd dong cho cuoc trudng ky khdng chien chong Phdp sap no ra. Dot ngu nhitng ngudi lam my thuat dude Bdc Hd vd Trung Udng Dang chi dao, diu dat, dd di vdo cuoc khdng chien than thdnh 9 nam ciia ddn tdc mot cdch nhe nhdng, phdn khdi vd tin tudng". 10
Phan Ke An la mot trong khong nhieu hoa si cd dudc duyen nghiep hiem cd. Trong cuoc ddi boat dong nghe thuat ciia minh, ong da cd nhieu ky niem ma bat ky mot hoa si nao eiing hang ao Ude. La mot trong nhiing boa si dudc vinh du ve Bae Ho tren chien khu Viet B^c, mdi khi nh^c den nhctng giay phut quy bau dd, Phan Ke An lai boi hoi: "Tdi khdng bao gid quen kinh anh Bdc ludn trong trdi tim toi, cho den ngay hom nay, ddu dd gdn 60 nam qua roil". Khuon Tat - ndi ong dudc gap Bac, dude song cung Bac, dudc ve Bac d moi tu the, mai la ndi ghi dam dau an mot ehang trai tre 25 tudi, miet mai tdc hoa va tham hoa vi Chii tich yeu quy eiia dan toe. Ong cho biet: "Bdc bao vdi tdi rang: An d day vdi minh, d bao Idu tiiy An, minh lam vice cita minh. An cd Idm viee theo ngdu hitng ciia An. Minh lam vice khi cho ndy, khi chd ng quanh ddy, An cd tu nhien theo minh ma ve...". Hdn 2 tuan le ngan ngiii thuc khong uong phi, Phan Ke An ve dudc tren 20 bdc toe hoa va 1 bdc tham hoa, da lam mot cuoc trung bay nho nhd tren tam liep d nha tap the de tat ca anh em cung thudng thiie. Bae da chon mot bdc de ngay 27.11.1948 de in tren bao Su that. Day la bdc ve ehan dung Bac dude in tren bao Dang Ian dau tien d Viet Bac. Sau nay, ngudn cam hdng ve ve Bae khong lue nao nguoi lanh trong Phan Ke An, bdi ong edn sang tac rat nhieu tranh ve Bac nhd nhung ngay thang quy gia dd. Thdi gian nay, la hoa si cua bao Su that (lam viec truc tiep vdi dong chi TrUdng Chinh), Phan Ke An con ndi danh la mot boa SI chuyen ve tranh biem hoa (khoang vai tram tranh) danh dich mot each cd hieu qua, vdi but danh Phan Ki'ch ngay td nam 1947. Nhieu nhan dinh eho rang Phan Ke An da ke thda chat "uymua" nghe thuat ve dan gian, vdi biit phap khde, lo'i each dieu doc dao, tao nen phong each biem hoa doc dao. Tai Trien lam My thuat toan quoc 1951 td chde tai Chiem Hoa, 2 bdc biem hoa "My hien thiet" va "Ta cd bom nguyen tit Lien Xo" dudc trao giai Nhat cdng vdi cac giai hoi hoa khac. Tai Trien lam my thuat toan quoe 1960, Phan Ke An lai nhan giai Nhat cho cac bdc biem hoa "Hinh vdi bong" va "Bien gidi Hoa Ky keo ddi den vi tuyen 17 d Viet Nam". 11
Hdn nua the ky qua, tai ve tranh ky boa ciia ong luon dxicc ban be ne phue. Chan dung Nguyen Huy TUdng, Nguyen Hong, Nguyen Tuan. Hoai Thanh, Hoang Trung Thong. Tran Le Van, Nguyen Huy TUdng, Nguyen Xuan Khoat, The Lii, Anh Thd, Quang Dung... Ai ra ngudi nay! Chang the ma trong cuoc vui mdng tho bat tuan cua ong each nay chua lau, ban be da cung nhau "xum" vao tang ong nhdng van thd bom: "Mitng ong len Ido tam mudi/nhita xudn chua can, cdy ddi vdn xanh I Khi vui mua eg tung hodnhl Luc budn rudu udng be sdnh coi khinh" (Hoai Viet). Khdng chi ky hoa, biem hoa, Phan Ke An con ndi tieng vdi hoi boa: phong canh, tinh vat, ehan dung, sinh boat, chien dau bang chat lieu sdn dau va sdn mai. "Qua cdc the logi vd chat lieu ay, cdi dgng lai sau dam trong nghe thuat cita Phan Ke An cd le la chat tru tinh dm dp vd dang ve hitng trdng cua mot thien nhien bao la, giau dnh sdng vd mdu sac vdn trdn ddy tren ddt nudc Viet Nam chung ta. Tdc gid da danh nhieu thdi gian de nghien edu, khdm phd ve dep cita titng chiee Id, nu hoa, titng bui tre, khdm chudi... TrUde nhitng khoang ddt trdi rdng thodng, nhdng gdc nhd hep trong vudn, tdc gid dd bgc Id mot sit cam thong, mot niem yeu thudng te nhi" - Phd giao su, nha phe binh my thuat Nguyen Tran - ngudi ban vong nien, da viet ve nhdng tac pham cua Phan Ke An nhu vay. Ndi den Phan Ke An, khong the khong nhae den tac pham "Nhd mot chieu Tdy Bdc" (sang tac khi ong mdi ngoai 30 tudi). DayCO the xem nbu kiet tac cua ong va la tac pham kinh dien cua My thuat dudng dai Viet Nam (dudc tang giai Nhat tai Trien lam my thuat toan quoc 1955 cung vdi 2 tac pham sdn mai "Gat d Viet Bad' va "Du kich tren nggn Khao Ludng"). Bai thd cua Doan Trang, thi pham cua Doan Viet B^c va nhae pham "Anh thd chiiu vdo tranh" (nhae si Vu Thanh) deu ra ddi tren cam xue cua "Nhd mot chieu Tdy Bdc" ciia Phan Ke An. Cung vdi "Nhd mot chiiu Tdy Bdc", chum cac tac pham "Gat d Viet Bdc", "Nhitng doi eg", "Bdc Ho Idm viec d Idn Nd Lita", "Chdn dung Bdc Hd", "Hd Ndi thdng 12.1972", "Cdnh ddng bdn Bdc" cua boa si Phan Ke An da vinh du dudc trao tang Giai thudng Nha nude ve van hoc nghe thuat, nam 2001. 12
Hdn mot nghin tac pham thudc du cac chat lieu sdn mai, sdn dau, lua, mau nude, mau bot, ky boa, dd hoa... da tao nen mot "phong cdch vd thudng hieu Phan Ke An" trong lang My thuat Viet Nam hien dai. Nhieu nha phe binh da danh gia cao cdng hien cua Phan Ke An vao thdi diem nam 1955 trong viec sang tao gam mau, trong viee tim ra dude mau xam xanh va mau xanh cham ndi tieng trong sdn mai, dieu ma nbiing ngudi di trude dau cd tim nhung chua thanh cdng. Nhieu ngudi con nhan dinh rang, Phan Ke An da gdp phan dat dau mde eho nghe thuat sdn mai hien dai Viet Nam. Ngay td nam 1960, Phan Ke An da "ghi danh" minh vao Vien Bao tang Nghe thuat Ermitage va Bao tang PhUdng Ddng (Lien bang Nga) bang hai tac pham sdn mai "Gdc chudng" (ve Chua tram gian) va "Bui nda mien xudi". Khong it tac pham ve phong canh, tinh vat mang dam mau sac lang que Viet ciia Phan Ke An da ed mat d Bao tang My thuat Viet Nam va nhieu bao tang my thuat tren the gidi, trong suu tap ciia cae nha suu tap ndi tieng Dde, Phap, Italia, Nhat Ban... Trong mot bai viet rieng cho bao Van nghe ngay 17.12.1964, nha van Nga Boris Polevoi noi tieng da xue dong trude mot cuoc trien lam cac tac pham Viet Nam tai Matxcdva: "O Matxedva dd td chitc mot cuoc trien lam tdc phdm nghe thuat cita cdc nudc XHCN. Nhitng tdc pham nghe thuat Viet Nam d trien lam nay dd dat dudc thdnh cdng Idn nhat... Sau cuoc trien lam, tdi dd tdi tham Ermitage ndi bao ton nghe thuat tdi nhat cua chung tdi, ndi cd nhitng bdc tranh cita Raphaen, Ruben, En Gdrec bd vd Rembrdng, tdi thdy ngudi ta ddng ddng trude cdc tdc phdm cita Phan Ke An vd to ve thdn phud". Va, ehinh vi vay ma Phan Ke An cung lai da mot Ian nuca "ghi danh" minh trong "Tit dien Bach khoa My thuat" ciia Lien X6 va CHDC Dde. Trong cuon "The International Directory of Distinguished Leadership" (USA) {Ti dien danh nhan the gidi Hoa Ky) cdng da gidi tbieu mot each tran trong ve cuoc ddi va nhueng cong hien eho my thuat Viet Nam cua boa si Phan Ke An. B^ng tai nang, long nhiet tinh, su say me, dudng nhu khdng khi nao ong ngung tay ve. "Minh van ve ddy chit. Ve la nghiep ma" - ong bao vay khi mdi thoat edn bao benh vao mua xuan 13
Binh Tuat nay, cung la luc ong budc sang tudi 84. Tu tin vao ehinh minh, tin d cuoc song, nen dudng nhu tranh ciia ong luon tran day tinh than lac quan, su triu men, tinh cam vdi con ngudi, vdi cuoc ddi. Tuy nhien, se la thieu sot neu ndi ve ong ma quen di mot "mang nghiep" niia ma ong van hang theo duoi song song vdi hoi hoa. Dd la ly ludn phe binh. Cho den nay, theo thong ke chua day dii, Phan Ke An da cd tren 200 bai viet ve ly luan, phe binh tren nhieu bao va tap chi - mot "duyen nghiep" nda ma binh nhu ong khong de gi ehdi bo. Ong viet ciing say sua, me mai ehang kem sang tao nghe thuat. Bai "Thod man nhu edu vdn hod vd ndng cao thi hieu nghe thuat" dat ra nbufng van de ly luan kha mdi me ve nhu cau van hda, thi hieu nghe thuat trong xa hoi hdm nay. Bai "Gia dinh nhu mot nen tang tam linh my hgc" tim each ly giai nhufng van de thuoe ve tam linh, lien quan tdi tinh than va ddi sdng tinh than ciia con ngudi. Bai "Cd sd sinh thdi - my hgc cua kien true phong cdnh" de cap den mdi quan he giiia con ngudi vdi thien nhien. Bai "Vdi net sd ludc vi nghe thuat tao hinh Viet Nam" (1958) nghien edu my thuat Viet Nam dudi nhieu gdc do, theo true thdi gian, td my thuat cd den my thuat hien dai, dua ra nbutng dan chdng eu the, phan tich nhdng bien doi sau sac ve hudng di ciia my thuat Viet Nam, ve doi ngu hoa si, nha dieu khac Viet Nam trong hai cuoc khang chien, nhi3ng thanh tuu cdng nhu nhdfng ban che cua the loai chat lieu... Bai "Nhitng khd ndng itng dung rdng Idn cita dd hga" lai di sau ve nghe thuat do hoa va nhijtng tinh nang cua nd do'i vdi nghe thuat, vdi xa hoi, dong thdi kh^ng dinh trach nhiem cua ngudi hoa si do hoa lue dd. Giong van s&c sao, am hieu hnh vuc nghien edu, Phan Ke An din d^t ngudi doe vao nhiing van de khac nhau cua my thuat, ciia cuoc song, chi ra hieu qua cua nd ddi vdi xa hoi, Dd ed le la mot Uu the ciia "nha phe binh" Phan Ke An. Tai hoa dd, s^c sao dd - mot phan la do trdi phu, do gia dinh, phan nijta, rat quan trong lai do su may m^n dudc hoe nhang ngudi thay uyen bac. Trong can phong nho dudm mau 14
15 thdi gian, ngudi hoa si gia say sua chi nhiing bdc anh chup vdi ba ngudi thay ma ong v6 cung kinh trong, dd la eu giao gia Phung Xuan ChUdng - day tieu hoc; thay giao day Lich sii - Dai tudng V5 Nguyen Giap va ngudi thay dau tien dan dat ong tren con dudng hoi hoa - hoa si Td Ngoe Van. Tu bao vi dude hoc vdi nhdng ngudi thay gidi, ong cung tu bao vi minh da cong hien dudc rat nhieu eho su nghiep my thuat Viet Nam hien dai. Vdi nhdng ddng gdp to Idn ay, ong da vinh du dude Dang va Nha nude trao tang Huan ehudng Doe lap hang Ba va Giai thudng Nha nude ve van hoc nghe thuat cung nhieu giai thudng cao quy khac./. Nguyen Dam Thuy