R A M A K R I S H N A M I S S I O N V I D Y A M A N D I R A (Residential Autonomous College under University of Calcutta) B.A./B.Sc. FIFTH SEMESTER EX

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1 R A M A K R I S H N A M I S S I O N V I D Y A M A N D I R A (Residential Autonomous College under University of Calcutta) B.A./B.Sc. FIFTH SEMESTER EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2014 THIRD YEAR Date : 20/12/2014 PHILOSOPHY (Honours) Time : 11 am 3 pm Paper : V Full Marks : 100 S²Ìöì þä þ!î þyöì îû Ä þ,í þ vþz_îûþ e îäî yîû þîûv!î þy éôé þ zvþz! Ýþé éôé 1 1Ð öëöì þyì þ %!Ýþ ²ÌöìÙÀîû vþz_îû yçð S2 5V þv ëíyíå ßþ,! þöì þ ²Ì y îœy ëyëû! þ y þy xyöìœy þ y þîûð V x îyëû# þyîûöì îû œçþ!ýþ %!Ýþ vþz y îû öìëyöì î%!gþöìëû yçð V!!îÅ þò þ ²Ì þäöìçþîû x!hßþc! þîû*öìþ! kþ ëûú V! Á!œ! þ ²Ì þäçþ=!œîû ²Ì! þ!ýþîû öçþöìe! þ ìå! Åyîû þîû ƒééôôôé i) öî!mþéöì þ þ %hßþ þy þyöìîîû ²Ì þäçþ îïäy þéôéöîyöìvåþîû,þ éôéîöì Åîû,þ öìcîû þyç%þ ì ²Ì þäçþ i îyëû%öì þ Ÿ# þœ þyîû ßþ ŸÅ þ ²Ì þäçþ iv) þ îû#çþyîû ^ùýþyîû Ÿöì îû ö ye ²Ì þäçþ v) xydyëû %ƒöì îû ²Ì þäçþ 2Ð öëöì þyì þ~ þ!ýþ ²ÌöìÙÀîû vþz_îû yçð S1 15V þv i) x þr ²Ì _ xëíyíåéôéx % þöìîîû œçþ!ýþ îäy Äy þîûð œçþ!ýþîû!îîû&öìkþ x þr #!þ þyöì þ þ# xyþ!_ vþzayþ þöìîûöì é ~î þyîû y y þ# þyöìî! öìëûöì é Ú i Ÿëûöì þ xëíyíå x % þî îœy ëû ö þ Ú S V V i) þ ²Ì _ þyîûöì îû œçþ!ýþ!îöìùõ ì þîûð x þr #!þ þyëû þyîûöì îû œçþöì x Ä ~ þ!ýþ!îöìÿ ì ë%_«þöìîûöì é ö þ Ú i! öìá y_«=!œîû ²Ì! þ!ýþ öçþöìe!! ÅÜT ò þîû ó ç òîäyþ yîûó vþzöìíô þîûéôôôé xv ö þy yîû Á % î Åþ# ²ÌÙÀþ öìeîû þyç%þ ì ²Ì þäçþ xyv òî,!üt öìî y öëöì %þ xy þyÿ ö %_«óéôôôé~ z ²Ì þyîû x %!! þ zv îûyhßþy þ!îûüñîû îû*þ þyëå S V zvþz! Ýþé éôé 2 3Ð öëöì þyì þ %!Ýþ ²ÌöìÙÀîû vþz_îû yçð S2 5V þv x % yöì îû þ Çþ þ Çþ ç!îþ Çþ,ÜTyhsþ îäy Äy þîûð V ~ þ!ýþ ö þîœy ºëû# ö %þîû vþz y îû! öìëû ö yç ö þ þy ö þîœy ºëû#Ð V ~ þ!ýþ êöì %þîû öëöì þyöì y! þ!ýþ î!ÿütä öìçþöìþ xyöìœy þ y þîûð V x %!! þîû Ä þ îûy ŸÅ xyîÿä þ ö þ Ú 4Ð öëöì þyì þ~ þ!ýþ ²ÌöìÙÀîû vþz_îû yçð S1 15V þv i) þ xîœáºöì îäy! îû œçþ xyöìœy þ y þîûð #!þ þyëû x þr œçþ!ýþöì þ þ# þyöìî!îöìùõ ì þöìîûöì é Ú i þ#îû*öìþ ëûú S V (1)

2 V! Á!œ! þ x % y =!œîû þ Çþ y Ä ç ö %þ! öì ÅŸ þîû ~î ö %þ!ýþ ö þ %ÜT þy îäy Äy þîû Söëöì þy! þ!ýþvð i)!ýþëûy %öì y! îû!!ýþ % îû ö þ y þy îû î œyëûð îû#! þ þy,þ y! îyîû þ ö þ y þy þ y #ëû ëûð i þf éþ!vþ þxyvþüyöì þ îûyöì öëöì %þ þyöì þ þf éþ c xyöì éð iv) î! «îû*þ îy ä öëöì %þ þy ökþëûð v) %ƒ öì yîû öëöì %þ þy ~ þ!ýþ y! þ xîßþiyéôé!îöìÿ ìð!î þy éôé zvþz! Ýþé éôé 1 S3 5V 5Ð öëöì þyì %!Ýþ ²ÌöìÙÀîû vþz_îû yçð S2 5V þv þ öìîûyçþ ²Ì y þ kþ! þ! þ ~ þ!ýþ!îîû&kþ x!!kþ þ kþ! þú ë! ëû ö þ Ú V ²Ìy þ!ò þ ²Ì y þ kþ! þ ç þ öìîûyçþ ²Ì y þ kþ! þîû Á Åþ vþz y îû îäy Äy þîûð V îy þ,ütyhsþ îœöì þ þ# öîygþyëûú vþz y îû îäy Äy þîûð V þäÿy # þ kþ! þ ç þ öìîûyçþ ²Ì y þ kþ! þîû öì Ä þ yíå þä vþz y îû îäy Äy þîûð 6Ð öëöì þyì ~ þ!ýþ ²ÌöìÙÀîû vþz_îû yçð S1 15V þv i) þ )îå þò œy î / ö ïîûî )e!ýþîû öìd ²Ìy þ!ò þ ²Ì y þ kþ! þîû Á Åþ þ#ú S3V! Á!œ! þ ë%!_«!ýþîû î þyîû ²Ìy þ!ò þ ²Ì y yç ƒ (K L) (M N) (L N) {[O (O P)] (K M)} K M i þ öìîûyçþ ²Ì y þ kþ! þîû y yöìëä! Á!œ! þ îy þä!ýþîû ßþº þƒ þä þy ²Ì y þîû ƒ A [A (A B)] iv)! Á!œ! þ ë%!_«!ýþîû î þyîû þ öìîûyçþ ²Ì y yç ƒ Q (R S) (Q T) (T S) / S V i) þäÿy # þ kþ! þ ²Ìöìëûy þöìîû þ# þyöìî %!Ýþ îyöì þäîû yíå þy! Åëû þîûy ëyöìîú vþz y îû îäy Äy þîûð þäÿy # þ kþ! þîû y yöìëä! Á!œ! þ îy þä!ýþ ßþº þƒ þä! þ y þy! Åyîû þîû ƒ (P Q) (P Q) i þäÿy # þ kþ! þîû y yöìëä! Á!œ! þ ë%!_«!ýþîû î þy!î þyîû þîûú ë! ö y ä ä î þyœöì yœ þ y þyëû xíîy çëûyýäþ ä x yîûî_«y ëû þy öìœ!îûëûy!ýåþ éyvþüy öþ öìëû ëyöìîð % þîûy!îûëûy!ýåþ éyvþüy öþ öìëû ëyöìî ë! y ö y ä ä î þyœöì yœ þ y þyëûð iv)! Á!œ! þ îy þä=!œîû ö Ýþ!Ýþ! þþ ) Å! þ y þy þäÿy # þ kþ! þöì þ! Åëû þîû ƒ (P Q) ( Q P) P Q P Q zvþz! Ýþé éôé 2 7Ð öëöì þyì %!Ýþ ²ÌöìÙÀîû vþz_îû yçð S2 5V þv vþz y îû ~ íå þ þ ç # yíå þ þ öì îû öì Ä þ yíå þä ö yçð V îy þäþ ç îy þ þ þ öì îû öì Ä þ yíå þä îäy Äy þîûð V y! þ ç!îöì þ öì þîû Áºõþ îäy Äy þîûð V òxyþ! þ þ Åó îœöì þ þ# öîygþyëûú S3V (2)

3 8Ð öëöì þyì ~ þ!ýþ ²ÌöìÙÀîû vþz_îû yçð S1 15V þv xäy!îûütýþöìœîû!îöì ëû þ þ_!ýþ xyöìœy þ y þîûð þ!šþ!îûîû þöì_ îû öìd ~!Ýþîû þ yíå þä þ#ú S8 + 7V V Ýþ# þy öœ ƒ Söëöì þy %!ÝþV S2 7.5V i)!ütîy þ þ ç îäy!ütîy þ þ þ! îûöìþ Çþ ç yöìþ Çþ þ i xöì þyíå þ ~ þyíå þ ç èþ! þ þ English Version : (Use a separate Answer book for each group) Group A Unit - I 1. Answer any two questions of the following : (2 5) a) Discuss whether yathārtha smṛti (veridical memory) can be considered to be a case of pramā. b) Elucidate the definition of asamavāyī kāraṇa with two examples. c) How can the existence of nirvikalpaka pratyakṣa be established? d) Determine the sannikarṣa in each of the following cases of perception: i) Perception of the absence of book on the bench Visual perception of the blackness in the black colour of the black-board i Tactile perception of the coldness in air iv) Auditory perception of the sound of exam-bell v) Perception of sorrow in the soul 2. Answer any one question of the following : (1 15) a) i) Explain the definition of ayathārtha anubhava as given by Annaṁbhatta. What objection is raised against this definition in Dīpika? How does Annaṁbhatta meet this objection? i Why is doubt (samśaya) treated as a case of ayathārtha anubhava? ( ) b) i) Analyse the definition of kāraṇa as given in Tarkasaṁgraha. Why does Annaṁbhatta insert another qualification in the definition of kāraṇa in Dīpikā? i Mention the specific 'karaṇa' and 'vyāpāra' of each of the following: a) Visual perception of your question-paper in front of you b) The inferential knowledge like 'there will be no rain as the sky is free from clouds' c) Cleaning of road as an effect ( ) (3)

4 Unit II 3. Answer any two questions of the following : (2 5) a) Explain, with examples, the pakṣa, sapakṣa and vipakṣa of anumāna. b) Give an example of kevalanvayī hetu and show why is it kevalanvayī. c) Explain briefly any three characteristics of a sat hetu. d) Why parāmarśa is necessary for anumiti (inferential knowledge)? 4. Answer any one question of the following : (1 15) a) i) Discuss the definition of vyāpti as given in Tarkasaṁgraha. How does Annaṁbhatta analyse the definition in Dīpikā? i How is vyāpti known? ( ) b) Point out pakṣa, sādhya and hetu in each of the following cases of anumāna, and explain why the hetu is defective (any three): (3 5) i) Parrot-faced chameleon is beautiful as it changes colour. Mirage is thirst-quenching as it is not a drink. i Tortoise keeps eggs on land as it has tortoiseness. iv) Fire is coloured because it is knowable. v) Pain is pleasant, because it is a state of mind. Group B Unit - I 5. Answer any two questions of the following : (2 5) a) Is the indirect proof method a reductio-ad-absurdum method? If so, why? b) Explain with examples the relation between the method of conditional proof and the method of indirect proof. c) What is meant by counter example? Explain with an example. d) Explain with illustrations the distinction between the method of truth tree and the method of indirect proof. 6. Answer any one question of the following : (1 15) a) i) What is the relationship between rule of exportation and conditional proof method? (3) Give the conditional proof of validity of the following argument: (K L) (M N) (L N) {[O (O P)] (K M)} K M i Prove by the method of indirect proof that the following statement is a tautology: A [A (A B)]

5 iv) Give the indirect proof of validity of the following argument: Q (R S) (Q T) (T S) / S b) i) How can the equivalence between two statements be determined by applying truth tree method? Explain with an example. Determine whether the following statement is a tautology by truth tree method: (P Q) (P Q) i Test the validity of the following argument by truth tree method: If Holmes has bungled or Watson is windy then Moriarty will escape. Therefore, Moriarty will escape unless Holmes bungles. (3) iv) Determine by the truth tree method whether the following set of sentences is consistent or not: (P Q) ( Q P) P Q P Q Unit II 7. Answer any two questions of the following : (2 5) a) Distinguish between negative term and privative term with illustrations. b) Explain the difference between terms of thought and terms verbal. c) Explain the relation between genus and differentia. d) What is meant by 'accident'? 8. Answer any one question of the following : (1 15) a) Discuss the Aristotelian theory of predicables. What is the difference between Aristotelian and Porphyrian theory, in this regard? (8 + 7) b) Write notes on (any two) : (2 7.5) i) Collective and distributive terms. Absolute and relative terms. i Univocal, equivocal and analogous terms. (5)