PW September 2016.pmd

THE P WER WAVES MONTHLY JOURNAL OF KERALA ELECTRICITY OFFICERS FEDERATION 4 FUn-t m-dn-b BSn De-bp sshzypxncwkw Fkv. hnp-b Volume: 19 No. 9 September 2016 5 OUR VIEWS -sd-kp-te- dn IΩn-j Hm^okv am v A\ -IrjvW.Fw.Pn 7 kmº-øn-i-cwkw km-º-øn-i ]-cn-jv-im-c-ß-fp-ss Im \q- m- v F-kv kp-[m-i sd-õn 10 A\p-kva-cWw A-Xp-ey-\m-b a-\p-jy-kv-t\-ln Im\w cmtp-{µ 11 dnt m v \ho-i-cn sh_vssk- v DZvLm-S-\hpw hnzym-`ymk Ahm Uv hnx-c-whpw N{µ IÆ-t cn 12 HmWw Iºyq- -dn hncn-bp t]m t]pv s]cp-ºpg tkm]m-e-ir-jvw 15 sshzyp-xn-cwkw kpÿnc hni-k-\hpw Du {]Xn-k nifpw tum. dnxp amøq 18 {]Xn-I-cWw sxcphv \mbv kwc- -W-\n-baw F p-sim v Akm-[p-hm- n- qsm? C.-Fw. \ko, Nnd-bn Iogv 19 IhnX A _pzw cmp. Pn 20 X pw ap pw C y C Ãn- yq v Hm^v amt\-pvsa ns I p-]n-sp-ø-ßƒ apf- pg a[p-ip-am 21 IhnX HmWw Xaew hnp-b 22 Ne- n-{x-cwkw Im Ne- n-{x-ta-f-bn `c-w-b-{ -Øns \riwkx-bpss Bhn-jvIm-c-Øn\v ]pc-kvimcw {]kmzv ]n.-kn. 25 ]cn-ÿnxn I ]-hr w Icp-Xepw s]mcp-xepw kntpm s]md-øq CHIEF EDITOR : S Vijayan EDITOR : M G Anandakrishnan EDITORIAL BOARD : P N Biju, N V Joshy, Chandran Kannancheri, N Manylal, K G Madhukumar, T Sreehari (North Zone), R Appukuttan (Central Zone), Noble Gulab S T (South Zone) MANAGER : Sairaj A Ph : 9497004797 COMMITTEE MEMBERS : P C Prasad, Anilkumar Janaganamana, Sivatmajan Achari V T For correspondence: Editor, The Power Waves, Kerala Electricity Officers Federation, Chitharanjan Smarakom, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014. Phone : 0471 2332772, 2329221 Views expressed in articles published in the Power Waves may not necessarily be the views of the Federation. Power Waves however, welcomes free expression of divergent views and exchange of ideas through its pages.

FUn-t m-dn-b BSn De-bp sshzypxncwkw 4 THE POWER WAVES September 2016 ]pø sshzyp-xn-\n-b-a-hpw IcSv sshzypxn \bhpw cmpysø sshzyp- Xn-ta-J-e-sbbpw kº-zvl-s-\-sbbpw ]q W-ambpw XI p- -Xn-\p-th- nbp- -Xm-Wv. cmpysø sshzyp-txm-xv]m-z-\-øns A ]-Øn-b v ixam-\-tømfw kzim-cy-ta-j-ebv v ssiam-dn- -gn- p. ti{µk m sshzypxnsb em`-ap- m- p- -Xn-\p Hcp DXv]- -am n am n-bn-cn- p- p. 65 ix-am-\-tømfw sshzypxn ]pdta \n pw ticfw hmßp Ahÿ-bm-Wn-t mƒ. ]pxnb BWh Xm] sshzypxn \ne-b-ßƒ ÿm]n- mø kwÿm-\-ßƒ v sshzyp-xn-hn-lnxw \ Im-Xn-cn- m ti{µ-icsv sshzyp-xn-\-b-øn-eqss ti{µ-k m e y-an-sp- p. D m-zn- n- p sshzyp-xn-bpss 85 ix-am-\w-hsc Xm]-\n-ebw {]h Øn- p kwÿm- \-Øn\v FSp- m-sa ]pxnb Ic-Sp-\-b-amWv cq]-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. \ne-hn 10 ix-am-\-amwv \ne-b-an-cn- p kwÿm-\-øns hnln-xw. _m n-bp 75 ix-am\w ti{µ-]- Xn hnln-x-ambn a v kwÿm-\-ßfpss Bhiyw IW- n-se-spøv hoxn p \ Ip-Ibpw tijn- p 15 ix-am\w A Atem-t - Uv hnln-x-am n ASn-b- nc L -ß-fn kwÿm-\-ßƒ v \ In hcn-i-bm-wv. kwÿm\ sshzypxn t_m Upw Icm-dn-eqsS hnebv v sshzypxn hmßn hnev p-i-bm-wn-t mƒ. hm jni Bh-iy-IX 23000 aney bqwn v sshzypxn th n-søv AXn 8000 aney bqwn- v sshzypxn am{xamwv kwÿm-\øv DXv]m-Zn- n- m Ign-bp- -Xv. ]Xn-s\ mw ]h k s - {]-Imcw 61000 Zi-e w bqwn v sshzypxn 2032 tic-f-øn\v Bh-iyambn hcp-sa- mwv IW- v. ti{µ IcSv sshzypxn \bw \S- m-bm tic-f-øns ÿnxn Kpcp-Xc-ambncn pw. ]te-im-c-w-ßƒsim pw imiz-x-ambn e`n- m-ø-xmwv ]pdta \n p sshzypxn F n-cns ]pø Pe-ssh-ZypX ] -Xn- Iƒ Is -Øp- -Xn-\p Unhn-j Hm^o-kp-Iƒ ChnsS \n Ø-em- p- p. {]Xn-h jw 7000 aney bqwn v sshzypxn ]te-im-c-w-ß-fm ]mgm-bn-s m- n-cn- p- p. AXv kwc- n- p- -Xn\v A[n-Ir-X v Xmev]- cy-an- m-ø-xn-\m \S-]-Sn-{I-a-ßƒ kvxw`-\m-h-ÿ-bn-em-wv. HmSmØ sshzypxn ao -dp-ifpw [mcm-f-am-wv. sshzyp-xn-ta-j-esb Ip -a- -Xm n apt m v \bn- p- -Xn-\p dnk v B v suh-e- -sa v hnwkv a a-d- n-cn- p- p. tzmj-i-c-amb ti{µ-\nb-a-øn\pw Ic-Sp-ssh-ZypXn \b-øn-\p-sa-xnsc i -amb t]mcm w A\nhm-cy-am-Wv. sshzyp-xn-ta-j-esb i n-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn-\p icn-bmb ]T\w \SØn sshzyp-xn-ta-j-esb \msns c -bv mbn \ne-\n-dp-øm-\p C m-i- n-bmwv A[n-Ir-X v th -Xv. Fkv. hnp-b No^v FUn-

OURViews A\ -IrjvW.Fw.Pn, P\-d sk{i dn -sd-kp-te- dn IΩn-j Hm^okv am v sshzypxn bq n-en- n-i-fp-ssbpw A\p-_ ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ssbpw {]h Ø-\-ßƒ _ -s \nb-aßfpw N -ßfpw A\p-k-cn- mwv \S- p- Xv F v Dd v hcp-øp- -Xn- \mwv sdkp-te- -dn-i-ωn-j-\p-iƒ cmpyøv \ne-hn h -Xv. D]-t`m- m- -fpss XmXv]-cy-ßƒ kwc- n- p- -txm-ssm w sshzypxn Iº-\n-IfpsS kmº-øni ASn-Ø-dbpw, {]h Ø\ anihpw Dd- p-h-cp-øpi F Xpw sdkp-te- dn IΩn-j-\p-IfpsS Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. F m a v kwÿm-\-ß-fn \n pw hyxy-ÿambn tic-f-øns sshzypxn taje-bpss \s - mb si.-f-kv.-c.-_n. enan- -Uns\ kmº-øn-i-ambn XI p- -Xn\pw AXnse Poh-\- msc t{zmln- p- -Xn\pw DX-Ip \S-]-Sn-I-fmWv sdkp-te- -dn- I-Ωn-j ]n Xp-S-cp- -Xv. 2003 se Ce-Iv{Sn-kn n BIvSns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn {]h Øn- p sdkp-te- -dn- I-Ωn-j-\p-Iƒ v sshzypxn bq n-en- n-i-fpss ani coxnbn-ep \S-Øn v Dd- p-h-cp-øp- -Xn- \p _m[y-x-bp- v. F m si.- F-kv.-C.-_n. enan- Uv ka n- p ARR &ERC AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xp-ambn _ -s v sdkp-te- dn IΩn-j \S- Øp GI-]- ob \S-]-Sn-Iƒ t_m Uns kpk-a-amb {]h Ø-\- Øn\v hnlmxw krjvsn- p- p. t_m Uv ka n- p IW- p-iƒ DuXn ho n- -XmWv F hyjym\w sshzypxn t_m Un-s\bpw AXn ]Wn-sb-Sp- p Poh- \- m-scbpw D]-t`m- m- -sfbpw Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xn-k- n-bn-te v X n-hn-sp Xns\-Xnsc sshzypxn t_m - Unse F m sxmgn-emfn, Hm^o-k kwl-s-\-ifpw kwbp- -ambn BKÃv 19 \v \S am v sdkp-te- dn IΩn-js AXn-cp-I-S \S-]-Sn-Iƒs -Xnscbp i -amb Xm o-xm-bn-cp- p. \ In h txm-xn Nne-hp-Iƒ sh n- p-cp- p {]Xn-Imc \S-]-Sn-Iƒ sdkp-te- dn IΩn-js `mk-øp- \n pw D m-ip- p. cmpysø CXc bq n-en- n-i-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw snøptºmƒ si.-f-kv.-c.-_n. Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd Bh-iy-I-X-I-fmWv apt m v hbv p- -Xv. F m CXn Xs hkvxp-x-iƒ v \nc- mø coxn-bn h sh n- p-d-hp-iƒ \S-Øp- Xv September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 5

t_m Uns kpk-a-a-amb {]h Ø- \-ßƒ v Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xnk- n- Iƒ krjvsn- p-hms\ klmbn p-ibp- q. P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-øn P\-ßƒ Xnc-s -Sp- p k mcp-i-fmwv ]ca {][m\ A[nImc ti{µ-ßƒ. BIvSv 2003 se N w 108 {]Imcw kwÿm\ k m-cp-iƒ v sshzypxn taj-esb kw_- n v \b-]-c-amb \n t±-i-ßƒ sdkp-te- dn IΩn-j-\p-Isf Adn-bn- p-hm hyhÿ-bp- v. F m kwÿm\ k m-cns \n t±-isø Ah-K-Wn- p-sim v si.-f-kv.-c.-_n. enan- - Un \n pw h XpI ssek kv \ho-i-cn ssh_vssk v ôkmbn CuSm- p-hm-\p \S-]-Sn- I-fmWv sdkp-te- dn IΩn-j- ssis m- p- -Xv. t{imkv k_vknun sh n- p-dbv p-hm\pw Hm AIvkkv km h{xn-i-am- p-hm\pw km[m-cw- m-cs sshzypxn \nc v Db Øphm\pw CS-bm- p \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ssis m- p- -Xn\p ]pdsa Poh-\- m-cpss FÆw sh n- p-d-bv phm\pw Ãmt Uv Hm^v s] -t^m - a -kns `mk-ambn ]e A{]m-tbm- KnI \n t±-i-ßfpw apt m v h v Poh- \- msc ISpØam\-knI kwl j- Øn-te v X n-hn-sp-hm-\pap \S- ]-Sn-I-fmWv IΩn-js `mkøv \n pap- m-ip- -Xv. sshzypxn t_m Un-s\bpw AXn ]Wn-sb-Sp- p Poh-\- mscbpw D]-t`m- m- -sfbpw Kpcp-X-camb {]Xn-k- n-bn-te v X n-hn- Sp Xns\-Xnsc sshzypxn t_m - Unse F m sxmgn-emfn, Hmô-k kwl-s-\-ifpw kwbp- -ambn BKÃv 19 \v \S am v sdkp-te- dn IΩn-js AXn-cp-I-S \S-]-Sn- Iƒs -Xnscbp i -amb Xm o- Xm-bn-cp- p. sdkp-te- dn IΩn-js AXn-cp-hn-Sp \S-]-Sn-Iƒ v aq p-ib CSm F m Poh-\- mcpw sfiy-tømss ka-c-cw-køv Dd v \n pi Xs -th-ww. ticf Ce-Iv{Sn-kn n Hmô-tkgvkv sû-td-js \ho-i-cn ssh_vssk ns DXvLm-S\w sk]vxw-_ amkw 11 mw XobXn -Nn-Ø-cRvP kvac-i-lm-fn \S NS-ßn _lp. ticf tzhkzw sshzypxn hip v a{ n {io. ISIw ] n kptc- {µ \n h-ln- p-i-bp- m-bn. kwl- S-\-bpsS _\-h-e v ^ n AwKß-fm-b-h-cpsS a -fn \n pw SSLC/ CBSE, +2 F n-h-bn Db am v hmßnb Ip n-iƒ v hnzym-`ymk t{]m m-l\ Ah Uv hnx-c-whpw At±lw \S-Øp-I-bp- m-bn. si.-c.-h.-f-^ns \ne-hn-ep- mbn-cp ssh_vssk n IqSp-X hnh-c-ßƒ Dƒs m- n- p-sim v ]cnjvi-cn sh_vssk- mwv Ct mƒ \ne-hn h -Xv. www.keof.org.in F A{U-kn \ΩpsS ]pxp- nb sh_vssk v e`y-am-wv. Board Orders, Photo Galary, Useful Links, Discussion Forum, Technical Details F nh ]pxnb ssk n Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. ssh_vssk- ns tlmw t]pn saº cpn-kvt{s-j-\p kuicyw D v. cpn-ã snøp Hmtcm AwK- Øn\pw {]txyiw bqk \bnapw ]mkv -th Upw D]-tbm-Kn v ssk n {]th-in- m Ign-bp- -Xm-Wv. cpntã Uv AwK-ßƒ v saº temkn snbvxv Ib-dn-bm sshzypxn t_m Up-ambpw sshzyp- Xn taj-e-bp-ambn _ -s -Sp hnjb-ßƒ Discussion Forum Øn N bv v hbv p-hm\pw saº temkn snbvxv Ib-dp AwKßƒ v N -bn ]s -Sp- p-hm\pw Ah-cpsS \n t±-i-ßƒ t]mãv snøphm\pw km[n- pw. \ΩpsS apj-]-{xamb ]h th-hvkns AXm-Xp-am-ksØbpw sx p-ap-ºsø amksøbpw amkn-i-iƒ sh_vssk- n e`y-am-wv. kwl-s\ hnhn[ ka-b-ß-fn \S-Øn-bn- p Imº-bn-\p-I-fp-sSbpw skan-\m-dp-i-fp-ssbpw hnh-c-ßfpw, {]kvxpx ]cn-]m-sn-i-fpss t^mt m Kme-dnbpw ssk n k o-i-cn- n- p- v. kwl-s-\-bp-ambpw Ce-Iv{Sn-kn n t_m Up-ambn _ -s -Sp te Ãv \yqkp-ifpw, A\u kv-sa- p-ifpw ssh_vssk- ns tlmwt]-pn Xs e`y-am- n-bn- p- v. s^bnkv _p v, Szn, bqsq_v F n-h-bn \n pw ]pxnb ssk ns\ AIvkkv D m-bn-cn- p- -Xm-Wv. apgp-h AwKßfpw ]pxp- nb ssh_vssk- ns km[y-x-iƒ ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s - Sp-Ø-W-sa v XmXv]-cy-s -Sp- p. 6 THE POWER WAVES September 2016

kmº-øn-i-cwkw F-kv kp-[m-i sd-õn km-º-øn-i ]-cn-jv-im-c-ß-fp-ss Im \q- m- v \-h-d-zm-c-h - -c-w \-b-ß-sf ap-t m- p-sim- p-t]m-ip- tam-un k - m-cn-s \-b-ßƒ \-Ωp-sS km-º-øn-i kzm-x-{ y-øn-\pw tz-io-b ]-c-am-[n-im-c-øn-\p-am-wv sh- p-hn-fn-bp- m- p- -Xv. sim- n-tlm-jn- -s -Sp- km-º- Øn-I ]-cn-jv-im-c-ßƒ B-cw-`n- n- v Im \q- m- v ]n- n-sp-i-bm-wv. H-cp- ]- w am-[y-a-ß-fpw tim - -td- v ÿm- ]-\-ß-fpw C-Xv B-tLm-j-]q -hw sim- m-sp-i-bp- m-bn. tim -{K-kpw A-Xn-s k - m-cp-i-fpw A-h-X-cn- n- Cu ]-cn-jv-im-c-ßƒ- v ]n hn \- c-knw-l-dm-hp-hn-s Im-e-Øm-Wv Xp- S- w Ip-dn- -sx- n a -tam-l kn-mv- `-c-w Im-e-b-f-hn-em-Wv i- n {]m-]n- -Xv. A- v _n-sp-]n Cu \- b-ßƒ- v i- -am-bn F-Xn-cm-bn-cp- p. H-cn- -epw _n-sp-]n ]n hn \-cknw-l-dm-hp-hn-s\ F-Xn - p-i-tbm hn-a -in- p-i-tbm sn-bv -Xn-cp- n-s - - Xv bm-ym -Yy-am-Wv. A-t±-lw s\-{lp Ip-Spw-_mw-Kw B-bn-cp- n-s - -Xpw _m-_-dn a-kv-pn-zv X-I - p- -Xn-\v {]- [m-\-a-{ n-sb- \n-e-bn A-t±-l- Øn-s A-\p-`m-h-ap- m-bn-cp- p-sh- -Xp-am-Wv A-Xn-\p- {]-[m-\ Im-c- Ww. km-º-øn-i ]-cn-jv-im-c-sø Xp- S - p- m-b B-tKm-f-h - -c-w-hpw D-Zm-c-h - -c-w-hpw C- y-bn-te- v t\-cn- p- hn-tz-i \n-t -]-Øn-\mbn hm-xn-ep-iƒ Xp-d- p-shpw B- `y- -c h-f - m \n-c- n-s h -[-\- bv- v h-gn-h-s - p-am-wv hn-e-bn-cp-øs -Sp- -Xv. cm-pyw A-`n-hr- n-bn-tebv- v Ip-Xn- p-shpw \-b-sø ]n- p-w-bv- p- -h A-h-Im-i-s -Sp- p- v. Cu A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-sf- p-dn-s - mw B-g-Øn-ep- ]T-\-ßƒ B- h-iy-am-wv. tkm-hn-b- v bq-wn-b-s -bpw tkmjy-en-ãv tn-cn-bp-ss-bpw X-I - -bpss ]- m-ø-e-øn-em-wv ]n hn \-cknw-l-dm-hp C- y {]-[m-\-a-{ n-bmbn F-Øp- -Xv. A-ta-cn- -bpw ]-Sn- m-d bq-tdm- pw G-I-{[p-h tem- I-Øn-s t\-xm- -fm-bn N-a-bp-I-bpw sn-bv-xp. A-tXm-sS C- y-bp-ss G- - hpw i- -am-b ]n -_-e-am-bn-cp- s]m-xp-ta-j-e-bpw k-ωn-{i k-º-zv hy-h-ÿ-bpw A-{]-Xy- -am-ip- ÿn-xn-bp- m-bn. B-tKm-f-h - -c-w i- n-i-fp-ss k-ω -Z-ß-sf \-c-knwl-dm-hp F-Xn -Øn-s - p am-{x-a- A-h-bv- v Io-g-S-ßp-I-bpw sn-bv-xp. Iq-Sm-sX t\-cn- p- hn-tz-i \n-t - ]-Øn-s Ip-sØm-gp- n-\m-bn hm-xnep-iƒ a-e -t Xp-d- n- p. _-lpcm-jv-{s Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ- m-bn cm-py-øns K -`-Kr-lw X-s Xp-d- n- p-sh- p ]-d-bmw. September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 7

A- m-e-øv sse-k -kv cm-pv, Izm- m-cm-pv F- n-ß-s\-bp- hn-a - i-\-ßƒ hy-h-km-b tem-i-øn-s `m-k-øp \n- p- m-bn-cp- p-sh- -Xv h-kv-xp-x-bm-wv. hy-h-km-bn-iƒ- pw \-h kw-cw-`-i - pw \n-c-h-[n \n-b- { -W-ß-fpw {]-Xn-_- -ß-fpw t\- cn-ts- n h-cp- p-sh- B-tcm-]-Wß-fp-ap- m-bn-cp- p. H-cp ]-cn-[n-h-sc A-Xv i-cn-bp-am-bn-cp- p. km-º-øn-i \-b-ßƒ i-cn-bm-bn hn-e-bn-cp-øp-ibpw Hm-tcm Z-im-_v-Z-Øn-epw Nn-e am- -ßƒ h-cp-øp-i-bpw sn-tø- -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. sse-k- -kv kw-hn-[m- \-Øn-\pw D-tZym-K-ÿ hr-µ-øn-s Np-I- p \m-s-bv- pw am- w h-cp-øp- -Xn-\v \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ D-Zm-c-am- p- -Xn B - pw F-Xn - p- m-in-. F- m b-ym -Y e- yw h-f-sc- hy-xy-kv-xam-bn-cp- p. s]m-xp-ta-j-e-bv- m-sibpw Nn-e {]-txy-i ta-j-e-i-fn A- Xn-\p- B-[n-]-Xy-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cm-bncp- p A-Xv. s]m-xp-ta-j-e-bn \n- v kz-im-cy ta-j-e-bn-te-bv- p- am- -am-bn-cp- p {]-[m-\ B-h-iyw. tzio-b s]m-xp hy-h-km-b kw-cw-`-ßƒ- p- kw-c- -W kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ ]n -h-en- -em-bn-cp- p _-lp-cm-jv-{s Ip-Ø-I-I-fp-sS {]-[m-\ e- yw. kzm-x-{ y-øn-s B-Zy \m-fp-ifn s]m-xp-th Zp - -e-cm-bn-cp- C- y hy-h-km-bn-iƒ s]m-xp-ta- J-e-sb Xp-S- -Øn F-Xn -Øn-cp- n-. {I-ta-W A-h hn-i-kn- p- I-bpw kz- w Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ hn-hn-[ ta-j-e-i-fn-te-b- v hym-]n- n- p-ibpw sn-tø- B-h-iy-ap- m-bn. s]m-xp-ta-j-e-sb c- mw ÿm-\-tøbv- pw ]n- o-sv A- p-]q- -en-te-bv- pw \-bn- p-i F- -Xv A-h-cp-sS B-hiy-am-bn-Xo - p. B ÿm-\w A-h - v I-ø-S- -W-am-bn-cp- p. A-tXm-sSm- w X-s _-lp-cm-jv-{s I-º-\n-Ifp-sS km-º-øn-i k-lm-b-hpw A- h-cp-am-bn em-`w ]- n-s-epw A-h-cpsS B-h-iy-am-bn. sse-k-k -kv-cm-pn-s -bpw tizm- m-cm-pn-s -bpw t]-cn Ip-Ø-I \nb-{ -W hym-]m-c {]-h -Ø-\-ßƒ \n-b-a-sa- Ip-d- p-h-gn-bn-eq-ss F- m ta-j-e-i-fn-epw Ip-Ø-I aq-e-[- \w A-\p-h-Zn- p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. N- 8 THE POWER WAVES September 2016 ßm-Ø ap-x-em-fn-øw t{]m -km-ln- n- -s - p. F- m ta-j-e-bn-epw _- lp-cm-jv-{s Ip-Ø-I-I-sf A-\p-h-Zn- p- -Xn-\pw \n-b-{ -W-ß-fn- m-sx hn- `-h-ß-fpw Ip-d- sn-e-hn-ep- sxm-gn i- n-bpw Nq-j-Ww sn-øm- \pw A-h-k-c-sam-cp- p- -Xn-\v B- tkm-f h - -c-w-øn-s t]-cn U- ªyp-Sn-H, thƒ-uv _m- v, sf-fw-f- ^v F- n-h hn-i-kz-c cm-py-ß-fp-ssta k-ω -Zw sn-ep-øn-s m- n-cp- p. D-Zm-c-h - -c-w \-b-ßƒ cm- Po-hv Km- n-bp-ss Im-e-Øp-X-s B- cw-`n- n-cp- p-sh- -Xv bm-ym -Yy-am-sW- n-epw A-Xv i- n-{]m-]n- -Xv ]n hn \-c-knw-l-dm-hp-hn-s Im-e-Øm-bn-cp- p. Im-c-Ww F- mw \-b-ß-fn-epw A-Sn-ap-Sn am- w h-cp-øp-i-bpw _-lpcm-jv -{S Ip-Ø-I-I-fp-sS Ip-sØm-gp- n- \v h-gn-sbm-cp- p-i-bpw sn-øp- -Xv B Im-e-Øm-bn-cp- p. \-h D-Zm-c-h - c-w \-b-ßƒ cm-py-øv h-f-sc-b-[n- Iw am- -ßƒ h-cp-øp-i-bp- m-bn. B- `y- -c h-f - m-\n-c- n h -[-\ D- m-sb- pw B-`y- -c h-f - m-\n-c- n-s Im-cy-Øn tem-i-øv C- y H- m-a-xm-sb- p-sam-s -bm-wv A-Xns h- m- ƒ A-h-Im-i-s -Sp- -Xv. A-Sn-ÿm-\ ku-i-cy-ßƒ hn-i-kn- p-shpw A-h-Im-i-s -Sp- p- v. h- en-sbm-cp hn-`m-kw C-S-Ø-c- m-cp- msb- pw A-h-cm-Wv \-h D-Zm-c-h - c-w \-b-øn-s Nm-ºy- m-sc- pw \-K-c-ßƒ h ]p-tcm-k-xn ssi-h-cn- p-shpw B-bn-c- -W- n-\m-fp-iƒ B-{i-bn- p- tjm- n-mv am-fp-iƒ ÿm-]n-x-am-sb- p-sam-s -bm-wv A- h-im-i-hm-zw. tim - -td- v hy-h-km- -bßƒ, B-I -j-i-am-b tim - -td- v B-ip-]-{Xn-Iƒ, k -h-i-em-im-e-iƒ, sxm-gn-e-[n-jvtn-x tim-f-pp-iƒ F- nh-sb- m-ap- m-bn. C-sX- mw hn-i-kn- X C- y-bp-ss A-S-bm-f-ß-fm-Wv. F- m C-Xn-s\m-cp a-dp-h-i-aps - -Xv Im-Wm-Xn-cp- p-iq-sm. Zm-cn- {Zyw h -[n- p. `- y-[m-\y-ß-fp-ss i- cm-i-cn D-]-t`m-Kw Xm-tgm- p-t]m-bn. sxm-gn-en- m-bv-a h -[n- p. hn-e- -b- w h -[n- p. km-[m-c-w- m-cp-ss Pohn-Xw c- - -hpw Iq- n-tbm-pn- n- m-\m- Im-Ø-hn-[w Zp- -l-am-bn. Im -jn-i hr-øn B-Zm-b-I-c-a- m-xm-bn. I -j- I hm-bv-] Xn-cn- -S-bv- m `q-an hns m-gn-hm- p-i-bpw I -j-i-søm-gn-emfn-i-fm-bn am-dp-i-bpw sn-øp- p. B- tcm-ky hn-zym-`ym-k ta-j-e-iƒ sne-th-dn-b-xpw km-[m-c-w- m - v B- {i-bn- m-\m-im-ø-xp-am-bn. C-Ø-c- Øn ]m-h-s - -h ]p-dw-x- -s -Sptºmƒ tim - -td- p-iƒ- v F- m k- lm-b-ß-fpw e-`n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. k - m-cpw A-Xn-s km-º-øn- I hn-z-kv-[-cpw C- y ap-t -dn-sb- pw B-tfm-l-cn h-cp-am-\w I-gn- 25 h - j-øn-\n-s-bn A- n-c- n h -[n- psh- p-am-wv A-h-Im-i-s -Sp- -Xv. F m C- y- m-cp-ss-bpw h-cp-am-\w I-W- p-iq- n A-Xn-s\ hn-`-pn- m-wv B-tfm-l-cn h-cp-am-\w I-W- m- p- -Xv. B-tfm-l-cn h-cp-am-\w 300 \n- v 500 tum-f-dm-bn D-b - n-cn- p- p-shpw ]-d-bp- p. ]-t F-ßs\-bm-Wv C-Xv D-b - n-cn- p- -Xv. A-ta-cn- B-ÿm-\-am-bp- km -h-tz-io-b ÿm-]-\w Hm-tcm h - j-hpw hn-hn-[ cm-py-ß-sf Ip-dn- v k -th \-S-Øm-dp- v. Cu A-Sp-Ø Im-e-Øv A-h C- y-sb kw-_- n- v B- -cy-s -Sp-Øp- H-cp dn-t m - v ]p-d-øp-hn- -Xv {]-ap-j ]-{X-ß-sf- mw {]-kn- o-i-cn- n- p- v. {]-kv-xp- X dn-t m - -\p-k-cn- v C- y-bn-se H- cp i-x-am-\-am-wv 53 i-x-am-\w k-º- Øpw I-ø-S- n-h- n-cn- p- -Xv. ]-Øp i-x-am-\w C- y- m-cp-ss I-øn-em-Wv 76.3 i-x-am-\w k-º-øp-ap- -Xv, 90 i-x-am-\-øn-s I-øn-ep- -Xv ti-hew 23.7 i-x-am-\w k-º-øp-am-{xw. G- -hpw ]n- n-ep- 30 i-x-am-\w C- y- m-cp-ss I-øn-ep- -Xv H-cp i-xam-\w k-º-øp-am-{x-am-sw- m-wv {]- kv-xp-x dn-t m - n-ep- -Xv. C- y-bnse k-º- A-Xn-k-º- -cm-bn Xocp- p-sh- -Yw. A-h-cp-sS B-tfm-lcn h-cp-am-\w h -[n- p-i-bpw sn-øp- p. A-Xm-Wv tc-j-i-fn-ep- -Xv, km- [m-c-w- m-cp-ts-x-. A-Zm-\n, Aw-_m-\n, Sm-, _n -f,- sf-sn-kn, a-ln-{µ F- n-h-bp-ss-sb- mw k-º-øv I-gn- 25 h -j-øn-\n-sbn B-bn-c-tam A-Xn-e-[n-I-tam C-c- n h -[n- n- p- v. D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v \- tc-{µ tam-un A-[n-Im-c-ta- ti-j-ap- H-cp h -j-øn-\n-s-bn ]-Øp

tim - -td- v ÿm-]-\-ßƒ ]-Øp-e- - Øn-e-[n-Iw tim-sn B-kv-Xn-bn-ep- h-cm-bn am-dn-sb- v ]n-sn-sf \-S-Øn-b k -th-bn hy- -am-b-xm-wv. B-`y- -c-h-f - m \n-c- m-wv G- Xp cm-py-øn-s -bpw h-f - -bp-ss am- \-Z-fi-am- m-dp- -Xv. F- m am-\- h hn-i-k-\ kq-nn-i-bm-wv b-ym -Y am-\-z-fi-am-t - -Xv. am-\-h hn-i-k- \ kq-nn-i-b-\p-k-cn- v C- y B-tcm- Ky ta-j-e-bn-ep- sn-e-hn-s Imcy-Øn {io-e- -bv- pw _w- m-tz-in- \pw ]n-d-in-em-wv. sxm-gn-en- m-bv-a, Zmcn-{Zyw, hn-e- -b- w, \m-wy-s -cp- w F- n-h Iq-Sn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ am-\-h hn- I-k-\ kq-nn-i-b-\p-k-cn- v \-Ωp-sS ÿm-\w ]n-s -bpw ]n-d-tim- p-t]m- Ip p. \-Ωp-sS {]-Ir-Xn hn-`-h-ß-sf- mw \-h D-Zm-c-h - -c-w km-º-øn-i \- b-ß-fp-ss ^-e-am-bn Nq-j-Ww sn-øs -Sp- p. e- - -W- n-\v tim-sn cq- ] hn-e-h-cp- C-cp-º-bn-cv Xp- -am-b hn-e-bv- v ]p-d-tø-bv- v t]m-ip- p. am-cp-xn I-º-\n-bp-sS ]m -Sv-W F- \n-e-bn Im \n -am-w ta-je-bn \n- v P- m-\n-se kp-kp-in I-º-\n am-{xw em-`-hn-ln-x-am-bn \nc-h-[n e- w tim-sn cq-]-bm-wv sim- p-t]m-ip- -Xv. _-lp-cm-jv-{s Ip- Ø-I-Iƒ cm-py-øv hy-h-km-b-h - c-w-øn-\v \n-t -]w \-S-Øp- n-s - -Xp-sIm- v X-s \-h D-Zm-c-h - -c-w \-b-ß-fp-ss ^-e-am-bn ]p- Xn-b sxm-gn-e-h-k-c-ßƒ kr-jv-sn- s -Sp- n-. F- m h -In-S Ão hyh-km-b ÿm-]-\-ß-fpw F -Pn-\n-bdn-Mv I-º-\n-I-fpw h-kv-{x si-an- hy-h-km-b-ß-fpw D-Zm-c-h - c-w \-b-øn-\v ap-ºv X-s B-cw-`n- n- p- -Xm-Wv. t\-cn- p- hn-tz-i \nt -]-Øn-s ^-e-am-bn H-cp h -In- S hy-h-km-b-tam P-e-tk-N-\ ]- -Xntbm cm-py-øp- m-bn- n-. hn-tz-i \nt -]-ßƒ h-s -Øp- -Xv Hm-l-cn- -tºm-f-øn-te-bv- m-wv. G- -hp-safp- -Øn em-`w Xn-cn- p-in- p- ta- J-e-I-fn Nn-e J-\n-Iƒ, Xp-d-ap- J-ßƒ F- n-h-bp-ss B-[p-\n-I-h - -c-w-øn-\pw _m- p-iƒ B-cw-`n- p- -Xn-\pw {]-[m-\-am-bn km-º-øn- I _n-kn-\-kv B-cw-`n- p- -Xn-\pw am-{x-am-wv _-lp-cm-jv-{s- Ip-Ø-I- Iƒ \n-t -]w \-S-Øn-bn- p- -Xv. C- \n A-h {]-Xn-tcm-[w, a-cp- v, thyma-bm-\w, th -lu-kn-mv, C -jp-d kv, am-[y-aw F- o ta-j-e-i-fn-epw ap-x -ap-s- v \-S- -Øn-sb- n-cn- pw. C- sxm-s -s m- p-x-s hn-tz-i \nt -]w h-cp- -Xv em-`-øn-\v am-{xam-sw- pw hn-i-k-\-øn-\m-b-s - pw Np-cp- -Øn ]-d-bmw. _n-sp-]n- A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-btXm-sS hn-tz-i \n-t -] ]- -Xn-Ifpw _-lp-cm-jv-{s Ip-Ø-I-I-fp-sS hym- ]m-c-ß-fpw h-f-sc-b-[n-iw i- n-s - Sp- km-l-n-cy-am-wp- m-b-xv. ]n hn \-c-knw-l-dm-hp-hn-s\-bpw a -tam-l kn-ßn-s\-bpw \-h D-Zm-c-h - -c-w \-b-ß-fp-ss t]-cn _n-sp-]n-tbm-sv \-Ωp-sS {]-Ir-Xn hn-`-h-ßsf- mw \-h D-Zm-c-h - c-w km-º-øn-i \-b-ßfp-ss ^-e-am-bn Nq-j-Ww sn-ø-s -Sp- p. e- - - W- n-\v tim-sn cq-] hn-eh-cp- C-cp-º-bn-cv Xp- - am-b hn-e-bv- v ]p-d-tø-bv- v t]m-ip- p. B-`n-ap-Jy-ap- am-[y-a-ßƒ ]p-i-gv- Øm Xp-S-ßp-I-bpw sn-bv-xp. sf- Fw-F-^v, tem-i-_m- v A-ta-cn- km-{am-py-øw F- n-h-bp-ss \n -t±i-ßƒ- -\p-k-cn- v Ip-Ø-I km-º- Øn-I ta-j-e-sb-bpw _-lp-cm-jv -{S Ip- Ø-I-I-sf-bpw ]n- -p-w-bv- p- -Xpw km-{am-py-ø \-b-ßƒ- v ]-c-h-xm-\n hn-cn- p- -Xp-am-b cm-jv-{so-b A-[n-Imc L-S-\-bm-Wv ]q -Æ-am-bpw cq-]o-ir- X-am-bn- p- -Xv. B-tKm-f-h - -c-w \-b-øn-s 25 h -j-øn-\n-s-bn B- `y- -tcm -]m-z-\w tum-f I-W- nse-sp-øm ssn-\-bp-ts-xv ]-Xn-s\m- v Z-i-e- -am-sw- n C- y-bp-ts- Xv c- p Z-i-e- w am-{x-am-wv. `q-cn-]- w P-\-hn-`m-K-hpw \-h- D- Zm-c-h - -c-w \-b-ß-fp-ss ^-e-ambp- I-\-Ø `m-cw-aq-ew k-ω -Z-a- \p-`-hn- p-tºm-gpw C- y-bn-se `-c-wh -Kw F- mw sa- -am-sw- pw cm-pyw A-Xn-th-K-Øn ap-t -dp-i-bm-sw- pw \-sω hn-iz-kn- n- m-\m-wv {ian- p- -Xv. kz- w km-º-øn-i \nb-{ -Ww \-jv-s-s -Sp- -Xv ]-c-am-[n- Im-cw ]-W-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn-te-bv- m- Wv \-bn- p-i-sb- -Xv kp-{]-[m-\-amb bm-ym -Yy-am-Wv. \-h-d-zm-c-h - c-w \-b-ß-sf ap-t m- p-sim- p-t]m- Ip- tam-un k - m-cn-s \-b-ßƒ \-Ωp-sS km-º-øn-i kzm-x-{ y-øn- \pw tz-io-b ]-c-am-[n-im-c-øn-\p-am-wv sh- p-hn-fn-bp- m- p- -Xv. September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 9

A\p-kva-cWw Im\w cmtp-{µ A-Xp-ey-\m-b a-\p-jy-kv-t\-ln kn. A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m hn-s-]-d- n- v Im -\q- m- m-ip- p Po-hn-X-Øn-s hn-hn-[ cw-k-ß-fn X-s hy- n-xz-hpw A-km-am-\y-am-b I-gn-hpw {]-Z -in- n- a-lm {]-Xn-`-bmbn-cp- kn A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-s 25- mw N-c-a-hm -jn-i Zn-\w Hm-K-Ãv 16 \v Bbncp p. A-t±-l-sØ-t m-se k-xy-k- -\m-b H-cp cm-jv-{so-b t\-xm-hn-s\- tbm A-t±-l-sØ- mƒ {]m-]v -X-\pw \o- Xn-am-\p-am-b H-cp h-ip- p a-{ n-tb-tbm ti-c-f-øn-se- - C- y-bn -X-s I- s -Øm {]-bm-k-am-bn-cn- pw. Xm hn-iz-kn- n-cp- D- -X-am-b B-Z -ißƒ Po-hn-Xm-h-km-\w h-sc A-Nyp- X-ta-t\m ap-dp-si- n-sn- p. A-Xp-ey-\m-b a-\p-jy-kv -t\-ln, Zr- V-{]-Xn- -\pw \o-xn-jvt-\p-am-b `-c- Wm-[n-Im-cn, ssi-eo-km-c-fy-øn-\p-s-abm-b F-gp-Øp-Im-c F- o \n-e-ifn G-h-cp-sS-bpw B-Z-c-hv ]n-sn- p-]- n-b b-tim-[-\-\m-bn-cp- p kn A-Nyp- X-ta-t\m. ti-c-f-øn-s -bpw ti-c-f- Øn-se A-[zm-\n- p- P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw k -h-txm- p-j-am-b A-`yp- -Xn- p-th- n A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m A-\p-jvTn- tk-h-\-ßƒ ÿm-bo-`m-h-tøm-sp- Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. h-cpw-x-e-ap-d-i-fp-ss ap- n h-f-sc- m-e-tø-bv - v h-gn-sx-fn- p- H-cp si-sm-hn-f- m-bn B tkh-\-ßƒ tim-`n- pw. A-Xp-sIm- p-xs A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m tz-io-b-x-e-ønepw I- n-]-cn-k-w-\-iƒ- - p-dw {it -b-\pw B-Z-c-Wo-b-\p-am-bn. s]m-xp-hn cm-jv-{so-b {]-h -Ø- I-cp-sS-bpw cm-jv -{So-b t\-xm- -fp-ss-bpw kz-`m-h-øn A-]q -h-am-bn am-{xw Im- Wp- H-cp Kp-W-hn-ti-jw A-Nyp-Xta-t\m B -Pn- p. kz- w ss\-k - Kn-I hm-k-\-iƒ A-Xn-\p k-lm-b-iam-bn-cp- p. Xm hn-iz-kn- n-cp- B- Z -i-ß-tfm-sv, B-i-b-ß-tfm-Sv, {]-ÿm- \-tøm-sv A-f-h- {]-Xn-_- -X-bpw Iqdpw {]-Z -in- n- p-t]m- H-cm-fm-bn-cp- p A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m. G-Xp {]-iv-\w ]-cntim-[n- p-tºm-gpw Cu {]-Xn-_- -X kp-xm-cy-am-ip- co-xn-bn-em-bn-cp- p A- t±-l-øn-s {]-Xn-I-c-Ww. kz-bw H-sc-gp-Øp-Im-c-s\- -Xn Iq-Sp-X A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m sn-dp- wsxm-t \-s m-cp k-lr-z-b-\pw km-ln- Xy-t{]-an-bpw B-bn-cp- p. A-Xn-s A- o-w-am-b am-[p-cyw aq-e-am-wv F- pw {]- p-_v-[-ß-fm-b cm-jv-{so-b kw-`-hßƒ A-t±-l-Øn-s a-\-kn-s\ C-f- n-b-xp-t]m-se km-ln-xy-øn-se kw- `-h-ß-fpw A-t±-l-Øn-s a-\-kn-s\ D-e- p-sim- n-cp- -Xv. H-cp ]p-xn-b {K- Ÿ-Øn-s {]-Im-i-\w, H-cp km-ln-xy ]p-c-kv-im-cw C-sX- mw kw-kv-im-c ]pjv -I-e-am-b B lr-z-b-øn G-Xp \nan-j-b-øn-epw Hm-f-ßƒ D-b -Øm i- -ß-fm-bn-cp- p. A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-s Po-hn-X-Øn-se Kp-W-hn-ti-jw an-x-`m-jn-xz-am-wv. Cu an-x-`m-jn-xzw "A-an-Xw' F- p-t]m-epw hn-nm-cn- m-hp- a- n A-t±-l-Øn sx-fn- p-\n- n-cp- p. A-Nyp-X-tat\m {]-Xn-I-cn- pw, i- -am-bpw hy- -am-bpw {]-Xn-I-cn- pw. A-Xm-bn-cp- p A-t±-l-Øn-s co-xn; kz-`m-hw. H-cp {]-txy-i cm-jv -{So-b {]-ÿm-\-øns A-\p-bm-bn B-bn-cp-s - n-epw {]- iv -\-ßƒ hn-e-bn-cp-øp- -Xn A-Nyp- X-ta-t\m {]-Z -in- n- n-cp- h-kv-xp- \n-jvt-x {i-t -b-am-bn-cp- p. 1957 59 Im-e-Øv 28 am-k- m-ew A-[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cp- B-Zy-sØ I-Ωyq- Wn-Ãv a-{ n-k-`-bpw ]n- o-sv ]-e k- µ -`-ß-fn-em-bn ti-c-fw `-cn- I-Ωyq- Wn-Ãp-Im - v ]- m-fn-ø-tam t\-xr-xztam D- sf-iy-ap- -Wn a-{ n-k-`-ifpw P-\-ß-fp-sS Po-hn-Xw sa- -s -Sp- Øm-\pw kw-ÿm-\-øn-s \m-t\m- p- J-am-b hn-i-k-\-øn-\v th- n-bpw H- t -sd \-S-]-Sn-I-sf-Sp-Øn- p- v. A- mcy-øn G- -hpw Iq-Sp-X ÿm-bnbp-am-b t\- -ß-fp- m- m I-gn- n- p- -Xv ap-jy-a-{ n-sb- -\n-e-bn A- Nyp-X-ta-t\m `-c-w-km-c-yyw h-ln- Im-e-Øm-sW- v N-cn-{Xw tc-j-s - Sp-Øpw. H-cp ]p-xn-b ti-c-fw si- n- -Sp- m- \p- C-S-Xp- -P-\m-[n-]-Xy ap- -Wn K- h -sa n-s ]-cn-{i-a-ß-fn sf-izcy-]q -W-am-b ]p-xn-b ti-c-fw ]-Sp-Øpb -Øm A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-s kv -a-c-wbpw `-c-w \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw \-ap- v h-gn- Im- n-bm-i-s. A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-\v {i- m- Rv -P-en. 10 THE POWER WAVES September 2016

dnt m v N{µ IÆ-t cn \ho-i-cn sh_vssk- v DZvLm-S-\hpw hnzym-`ymk Ahm Uv hnx-c-whpw ticf Ce-Iv{Sn-kn n Hm^o-tkgvkv s^u-td-js \ho-i-cn sh_vssk v DXvLm-S-\hpw kwl-s-\bpss _\-h-e v ^ nse AwK-ß-fpsS a ƒ p {]Ya hnzym-`ymk t{]m m-l\ kωm\ hnx-c-whpw _lp. sshzypxn tzhkzw hip v a{ n. {io. IS-Iw-] n kptc-{µ \n -ln- p. XZ-h-k-c-Øn kwkmcn- sh ti{µ sshzypxn \nb-ahpw \bhpw \msn\v B]-Øm-sW pw AXv kwÿm-\-øns kºzv hyhÿsb XI p-sa pw ti{µ sshzypxn \bw \S- n-em- n-bm tic-f-øns sshzypxn Bh-iy-I-XbpsS 65 ix-am-\hpw ]pdøv \n pw hmßp- -Xn\v XS- -am-ip-sa pw At±lw ]d- p. {]mtbm-kn-i-amb kie km[y-x-ifpw sshzypxn Dev]mZ-\-Øn-\mbn {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- Øm-Xn-cp- m AXv `mhn-x-e-ap-d-tbm- Sp A]-cm-[-am-Ipw. ticfw \msf Ccp- n-em-hm-xn-cn- m Iq mb {]bvx\w Bh-iy-am-sW pw D]-t`m- hv Dev]m-Z-I IqSn-bm-hp coxnbmwv ]pxnb temi-{i-a-øn A\p- `-h-s -Sp- -sx pw At±lw Iq nt Øp. {]kvxpx NS-ßn ansp- cmb hnzym n-isf A\p-tam-Zn- p- -Xn-\mbn KEOF kzoi-cn kao-]\w amxr-im-]-c-am-sw v At±lw kwl- S-\sb A`n-\-µn- p. 2016 sk]vxw-_ 11 \v cmhnse ssx m-sp NnØ-c- RvP kvamc-i-øn Hcp- nb efn- X-sa- n-epw, \nd kz- ns\ _lp. a{ n A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snbvxxv Du -Zm-b-I-am-bn. kwl- S-\-bpsS apj-]-{x-amb ]h thhvkn\v ]pdsa \h-am-[y-a-ß-fpss {]tbm-p-\-øn\v Du \evin. s]mxp A`n-{]mb cq]o-i-c-w-øn\v D]bp -amipw hn[w ]p\:{iao-i-cn- -s - -XmWv kwl-s-\-bpss sh_vssk v AXv kpo-h-am- p- -Xn- \mwv Cu DZy-a-Øn-eqsS kwl-s\ D -an-sp- -Xv. kwls\bpss _\-h-e v ^ n AwK-ß-fmbhcpsS a -fn Fkv.-F.-kn, +2 F n-h-bn D X hnpbw t\sn-b-shc A\p-tam-Zn- p- - Xn\v kwÿm-\-x-e-øn Xocp-am-\n- Xv ASp-Ø-Im-e-Øm-Wv. Bdv h jambn ae- pdw Pn -bn kwl-s-\- bpss AwK-ß-fpsS a ƒ v CØcw A\p-tam-Z\w \evim-dp- v. a v Pn - I-fnepw km[y-x-iƒ {]tbm-p-\-s - Sp-Øp- p- v. CXmWv kwÿm-\-x-e- Øn _\-h-e v ^ nse AwKß-fpsS a ƒ mbn hnzym-`ymk t{]m m-l\ kωm\w \ Im KEOF \v t{]c-w-bm-b-xv. biz- v. ]n.-hn. S/o kn. lcn-zmkv, (+2) IÆq, A] Æ IrjvW. Fkv. D/o Fw.-Pn. A\- -Ir-jvW (SSLC, CBSE) Be- pg, spdn amø- S/o kp[.-fw.-tpm-k^v (SSLC), kpo-zv. ]n. S/o Dkvam.-]n. (SSLC) ae- p-dw, KoXp{]-kmZv D/o kn.-pn. September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 11

HmWw s]cp-ºpg tkm]m-e-ir-jvw www.keof.org.in {]kmzv (SSLC, CBSE) CSp- n, n\v \hym-\p-`hw ]I p. Xaew IrjvtW-µp. Fkv. D/o B\µw. F.- hnp-bs HmWw HmWw s]mt m- C. (SSLC)) ]me- m-sv, su n. F. Ww... F HmWsØ kw_- n tpm S/o A_p-tPm (SSLC, IhnX snm epw, ]qthww ]qhn-fnth-ww... Xqa- n... F nh {io. CBSE)]me- msv, A hnµv.hn. kptcjv S/o kptcjv _m_p.-hn.-f. t\m_nƒ Kpem-_ns Nq n-eq-ssmgp-in-b-t mƒ sas sas... kµq-c- (SSLC, CBSE) CSp- n. BIm-ivIp-am F.Fw S/o si.-pn.-a-[p-ip-am (SSLC, Øn-e-I-hp-am-bv... F o ]m p-i-fp-ambn CBSE) timgn-t msv, t{]wkm-bn. ]n. Km\-\-Zn-bn {]ho sim w {iqxn S/o kmbn-cm-pv.f (+2)Xncp-h-\- - a[p-c-øn Ae-I-fn-f- n. ]n osv ]pcw F n-h _\-h-e v ^ ns Krlm-Xp-c-X-bpsS apdp-inb Iºn-Iƒ {]Ya kwÿm\xe kωm-\-øn\v ao n-s m v lcnem sim w amae-iƒ - p-d-øv... ]m-sn. H.-F.-hn.- A l-cmbn. F.-sF.- n.-bp.-kn. kwÿm\ bpss tl kqcym {io. Fw.-Pn.-Ah nwkv {]kn-u v.k. sp. DZ-b- -Ir-jvW Ah-X-cn- n- -t mƒ `m-\p, kwÿm\ sk{i- dn k: si.- kz w Ihn-X-I-fp-ambn {io. B. ]n. i -c-zm-kv, KEWF (AITUC) P\-d \mwp- p- (\o-b-cv) {io. N{µ sk{i- dn k. Fw.-]n. tkm]-ip-am, - IÆ-t cn (I v ap mø kulrhn. kt m-jvip-am F n-h NSßn Biw-k-Iƒ Adn-bn v kwkm- km n kvac-w-i-fpss hnlm-b- n- Zw) F n-h cwk-sø-øn. c - cn- p. kwÿm\ {]kn-u v {io. te v Bkzm-Z-Isc Db Øn Fkv. hnp-bs A y- -X-bn sduveyq- v... Xmfm-fl-I-X-bpsS ]pxptn -tbm-k-øn\v P\-d sk-{i- dn ]-S-hp-I-tf- n Xn mtc Xn mtc XI- Fw.-Pn. A\- -Ir-jvW kzmk-xhpw Xn- -I-Xm-cm... F nh ]pjv]-hkwÿm\ {Sj-d {io. Fkv.- n. nbpw hnp-b-ωbpw tn v t\m_nƒ Kpem_v \µnbpw ]d- p. ]msn.xn m-tc-bpss timdkv kz v XpS v kwl-s-\-bpss Iem G p-hm-ßnb Xmf-ap-dp- -Øn XnckmwkvIm-cnI hn`m-k-amb Iem-X-cw-»oe hogp-tºmgpw ]msn-øo-cmø K-Øns {ihw kpµ-c-amb Km\- Np p-iƒ ImWm-am-bn-cp- p. XΩn ßƒ, \ms ]m v, \ms-i-km-\-ßƒ, HmWm-iw-k-Iƒ t\ v kz-s m-gn- IhnX F n-h-bpss Ah-X-c-Ww kz- -t mƒ D Nm v Ign- ncp p. 12 THE POWER WAVES September 2016 \ Xp Nn n- p-hm-\pw, {]h -Øn- p-hm-\p-ap Ime-amWv HmWw. \ bpss hnf-sh-sp v \mfp-iƒ! ]pjv] kar- -amb PohnX kuc- `y-amwv Fßpw. timsn hkv{x-ßfpss aww, HmW- m- p-i-fpss CuWem-h-Wyw. ]pø-cn-t m-dn sndp-]- b sim p ]cn pw ] -Shpw s\øpw tn Øv Ipg p-tºmgp m- Ip Akp-e-`-amb hmk-\, AXv cpnn- p- -Xnse A]q h ck-\m-\p- `q-xn, F mw C v Ab-hn-d- p-ibmwv tic-fob P\-X. C pw ticfob a\- p-i-fn ]qh-wn p \n p Hcp s]mxp P\-Io-bmtLm-j-amWv HmWw. CXv Hcp k -tam si p-i-ytbm Bhmw. F m ]pcm-w-hp-ambn _ -s IY-I-fmWv C v P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn kpo-h-ambn \n p- -Xv. Xe-ap-d- Iƒ B hnizmkw ssiam-dn-s m- ncn- p- p. a\p-jy-kw-kvim-csø {]Im-i-am-\-am- n-s m v Ahs PohnX ]ptcm-k-xn v DtØ-P\w \ Ip-amdv ]mc-º-cy-øns Cu kvt\l-kmy B[p-\nI kaq-l-sø Akz-ÿ-am- n-s m- n-cn- p- p. Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn ]e hkvxp-x- Ifpw Ncn-{X-Im-c- m HmW-sØ- n kaq-l-øn\v \ In-bn- p- v. Ncn-{X- Im-c- m-cp-ssbpw Kth-j-I- m-cp-ssbpw temiøv am{x-amwv Ahbv v {]k- n. F m-h jhpw alm-_-en-b alm-hn-jvwp-hmwv \msp-im-wm-s\- Øp- Xv F hyxy-kvx-amb Hcp IYbpw Ncn-{X-Øn-ep- v. alm-_-enbpss hmgvn- m-esø Hm an- n- m\mwt{x alm-hnjvwp \msp-im- Wm hcp- -Xv F mwv Hcp Ncn- {X-Im-c ka - n- n- p- -Xv. ""]Ømw-i-X-I-Øn P\-hn-`m-Kß-fpsS Ass\Iyw Ah-km-\n- n- m amam- -Ønse Xocp-am-\-a-\pk-cn v `mkvic chn h Ω F tnc-am s]cp-amƒ `c-w-ta-s -Sp-Øt mƒ tic-fo-b v Bcm-[y-\mb

Iºyq- -dn hncn-bp t]m t]pv a[p-c-amb Ab-hn-d- A Bh-iyw. HmWw F kz]v\-ønse \jvs-s -Sp aqey-ßsf Xncn p sim p-h-cm-\p P\m-[n-]-Xy- -kmw-kvim-cni t]mcm- -am-wv C v A\n-hm-cy-ambn Xocp- -Xv. alm-_-ensb ap \n Øn Hcp amkw \o p-\n p tzio-tbm- hw BtLm-jn- -W-sa v hnfw-_-c-ap- mbn'' F mwv D q tcj-s -Sp- Øp- -Xv. B ]mc-ºcyw \ne-\n Øp- -XmWv HmW-sa v tcj-s -Sp-Øp- p. aqhm-bncw sim w apºv A o-dn-bbnse "\n\th' \K-c-Øn-ep- mb Hcp cmpmthm H n-tesd cmpm- - mtcm BWv \ΩpsS amthen F pw B cmpm-hns ImeØv Ako-dn-b-bn Xma-kn- n-cp- -t mƒ \ΩpsS {]]n-xm-a-l- m BtLm-jn- p-h BtLm-j-amWnsX pw F.hn IrjvW-hm-cn-b Kth-j-W- Øn-eqsS A`n-{]m-b-s - n- p- v. ticf-øns tzio-bm-tlm-j-amb HmWw ]mwvuy cmp-[m-\n-bm-bn-cp a[p-cbn sim m-sn-bn-cp- -Xmbn F.hn. tcj-s -Sp-Øp- p. tic-f-ønse ]q n-i A o-dn-b- m-cm-sw v F.hn ]d-bp- p. A o-dn-b-bn \n pw IpSn-tb-dn- m Ø-h AhcpsS \m n \S- p- m-bn-cp ]e BNm-c-ßfpw Chn-sSbpw \S- m- n. ]pxp-h- -cm-tlm-jhpw hnf-sh-sp p atlm- -hhpw Ah-bn {][m-\-ambn-cp- p. Cu c v BtLm-j-ßfpw H n- m-n-cn- -Xn \n v cq]-s -Sp- - XmWv tic-fo-b-cpss HmWm-tLmjw F pw Cu ]WvUn-X ÿm]n- n- p- v. simbvøp-ime D -h-amb HmW-Øn\v tic-f-ønse {]IrXn k -ambn \n p p F v HmWsØ- n \ne-hn-ep Im jn-im-tlmj-øns {]_e h m-hmb si.]n. ]fl-\m-`-ta-t\m\pw ]d-bp- p. F m Ncn{X \nk-a-\-ß-fnepw ImWm-hp Hcp s]mxp-kxyw CXn\v "ax ka- \z-b-øns ]q ƒ hncn-bn- pi' F e yamwv D Xv F -Xm-Wv. CØcw Kth-jW ]T\ hnh-c- September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 13

ßƒ v ChnsS A -am{x {]k- ntb D q. HmWw Dƒs m- p hnimcw kmaq-lni PohnX kv] inbmwv F Xt{X {][m-\w. kphy-hÿn-x-amb, kaxz kpµ-c-amb Hcp kmaq-lni hyh-ÿ-bpss {]Xo-IamWv HmWw. 19 mw \q m- n cq]w sim am Ivkn-b {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw hn`m-h\w snbvx amxr-im-]-c-amb Hcp kmaq-lni Pohn-X-sØ-bmWv HmWw F kw {]Io Ø\w snøp- -Xv. AXns Hm Ω-]q- ƒ am\-ha-\- n hns Øn-s m- mwv F mh jhpw HmW-Øns h p-t]m- v. axw AXns {`m -amb Zwjv{S-I-fp-ambn C y-bn-emsi XmWvU-h-\rØw \S-Øp- p. C{X òi-c-amb Hc-hÿ Cu taj-e-bn CXn\p apºp- m-bn- n-. ax-øns i -amb ]p\:ÿm]-\amwv C y P\m-[n-]-Xy- Øns apjy-e yw F p txm pw-hn-[-amwv h Ø-am- \-Ime `c-w- t\-xrxzw `cww XpS-cp- -Xv. a\p-jy-po-hnxw IS- p-t]m-ip- -Xv. BtKmfh -cww s]mxp-hn FXn -s -Sp- p-sh- nepw ê- Øn AXv km h-{xn-i-ambn kwÿm-]n-x-am-bn- -gn- n-cn- p-i-bm- Wv. tim -td- p-i-fp-am-bp Nßm- Øhpw Ah-cpsS Ie n- mø ]n _-ehpw temi kw`-h-k-xn-isf P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw ]ptcm-k-xn pw FXn-cm- n-øo Øn- p- v. {]IrXn hn`-h-ßsf Hs kzimcy kzøp- -fm n am n-bn-cn- p p Cu Ahÿ. C y-bnse kmaq-lni kmwkvimaxm-xox kaq-l-øn-s bpw al- Ømb am\p-jni _ -Øn-s bpw IpSpw -Øn-s bpw ktµiw Db Øn- n-sn- p-sim- mwv HmWw IS- p-t]m-ip- Xpw. C v ÿnxn-k-xn-i-fmsi amdn-bncn- p- p. a\p-jym-h-im-i-øn-s bpw `c-w-l-s-\-bp-ss-bpw, P\-Io-b- -P-\m-[n- ]-Xy-Øn-s bpw kzmx-{ y-øn-s bpw kwc- Ww P\-Xbv v e`y-am-ip-s - nepw Ah-sb- mƒ amc-ihpw Zmcp- W-hp-amb kml-n-cy-øn-eq-ss-bmwv cni kml-ncyw Gsd ]cn-xm-]-i-csa p am{x-a AXv am\h Pohn- XsØ Zp: l-am- p kml-ncyw hf ØpI IqSn snbvxn-cn- p- p. axw AXns {`m -amb Zwjv{S- I-fp-ambn C y-bn-emsi XmWvU-h- \røw \S-Øp- p. C{X òi-c-amb Hc-hÿ Cu taj-e-bn CXn\p apºp- m-bn- n-. ax-øns i -amb ]p\:ÿm]-\amwv C y P\m-[n- ]-Xy-Øns apjy-e yw F p txm pw-hn-[-amwv h Ø-am-\-Ime `c-w- t\-xrxzw `cww XpS-cp- -Xv. a\p-jyxzw ]mxm-f-øn-te v Nhp n XmgvØ-s -Sp C y kml-n-cyw, kmwkvim-cni kzmx-{ yhpw Bib hna i-\hpw \ntj-[n- -s -Sp kml-ncyw D m- p-ibpw snbvxncn- p- p. B A -co- -Øn-emWv ae-bm-fn-iƒ Ah-cpsS \ PohnXmhÿsb- p-dn- p k -sø- -Hm- WsØ Xmtem-en- p-w Øp- -Xv. C v HmWw Iºyq- -dn hncnbp "t]m t]pv' Bbn amdn-bncn- p-i-bm-wv. Ip n-iƒ {]I-Sn- n- p "^vfbnwkv In v'. t]mse bym - Øn Inkv sntø- m. ssi sim v Np n sxm v apo-jy ]qhn-dp pw t]mse Npw_\w hmßn A -co- - Øn-eqsS Ab- m axn. adp-`m-køv FØpw. HmWw shdpw Hcp BNmcw. A -co- -bm-\w! Zqsc-bp _ p- -fn-te v "ss p' IfpsS hnzy-bn-eq-ss-bp HmWm-tLm-jw. Fkv.-Fw.-Fkv HmWw, C sabn HmWw, t^bvkv _p v HmWw! F{X at\m-l-c-amb t]cp-iƒ! a[p-c-amb Ab-hn-d- A Bh-iyw. HmWw F kz]v\-ønse \jvs-s -Sp aqey-ßsf Xncn p sim p-h-cm-\p P\m-[n-]-Xy- -kmwkvim-cni t]mcm- -am-wv C v A\n-hmcy-ambn Xocp- -Xv. ] n-wn- m-h-ßƒ, Iod-Øp-Wnbpw Np n, thhp hbdp-ambn hgn-b-cn-inepw IS-Øn-Æ-bnepw InS- p-d-ßp-tºmƒ \ΩpsS kl-pohn-isf Zfn-X-sc v ap{z-ip-øn, kaql-øn \n pw ]dn-s -dn-bp-tºmƒ, ]ngp-xp-am- n-bmepw ] n- n-sn- p Agn-aXn P\-Po-hn-XsØ hngp-ßptºmƒ ChnsS F v HmWw? sshtem- n- n-bpss Imhy-io-ep-Iƒ ChnsS Hm mw. \c-bpss a p-iƒ Nn nb RßsS Xe-I-fn aßn-sbmcpßnbn-cn q \nc-h[n ]pcp-jm-bp- n- - p-d amfn-sbm-tcm-w-s m Inc-W-ßƒ... t]m-hp-i-\m-sa-xntcte pi \Ω-sfm-cp- p-i, \msf-sbm-tcm- Ww. * Ncn{XtcJbv v kn KtWis tej-\-tømsv IS- m-sv. 14 THE POWER WAVES September 2016

sshzyp-xn-cwkw tum. dnxp amøq kpÿnc hni-k-\hpw Du {]Xn-k nifpw 1970 IfpsS XpS- -Øn Du P kpc F m kº-zvl-s-\sb Du P-I-Ωn-bn \n pw AXns ^e-ambn D m-ip Db hnebn \n pw kcw- n- p-i-sb- m-xmbn-cp- p. ]{ mw ] Xn {]Imcw kpÿnc kmº-øni hf -bv mh-iy-amb hn[-øn kmº-øn-i, hmwn-py-{]-h Ø-\-ßƒ v CS-ap-dnbmØ hn[w C \w Dd- m- p-i-sb- -Xmbn Du kpc- -bpss \n h- N-\w. C v AXp IqSp-X hnim-eamb A -Øn kaq-l-ønse F m-h pw C \w e y-am- pi am{x-a-, kmº-ønihpw A m-ø- Xp-amb dnkvip-iƒs -Xnsc sluv- PnwKv F \ne-bn Du P-t{kmXkp-Iƒ sshhn-[y-h-xv -cn- -W-sa- - Xn FØn \n p-i-bm-wv. kzmx{ yw t\sn A p Zi-Ißƒ Ign- n pw cmpysø P\-kw- Jy-bn 23.6 ix-am-\hpw ] t -knwkv ]h ]mcn n ASn-ÿm-\-am- n-bm Znh-khpw 1.25 tumf-dn\p Xmsg-bp XpI sim mwv Pohn- p- -Xv. C v C y temi P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 18 ixam-\sø Dƒs m- p- p-s - nepw BtKmf Du P D]-t`m-K-Øns 5.7 ix-am\w am{x-amwv C y-bpss hnln- Xw. Btfm-lcn Du P Unam Un 2000 apx t\cnb Db D m-ip- p-s - nepw BtKmf icm-i-cn-bpss aq n-sem-t -bp q CXv. B{^n- tb- mƒ A ]w Xmsg-bmWv C ybpss \ne. GXm v 75 Zi-e w hosp-iƒ CXp-h-scbpw sshzypxn {KnUn IWIvSv snbvxn- n-. {Kmao- W taj-e-bnse 80 ix-am\w hosp-ifnepw ]mn-i-øn\pw a p-ambn B{ibn- p {]my-ani Du P t{kmxkv Ct mgpw ]mc-º-cy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- p ssph hkvxp- -fm-wv. hf-cp kº-zvl-s-\-bv -\p-k-cn- v P\-ßƒ KpW-ta- -bp, sa -s Du Phpw ASn-ÿm\ kui-cy-ßfpw a p tkh-\-ßfpw e`y-am- p-hm-\p kω ±w t\cn-sp-i-bmwv C y. `qan, sh w, a v Akw-kvIrX hkvxp- ƒ XpS-ßnbhbpsS e`y-x- p-dhv kº-zvl-s-\-bpss {ZpX hf bv v Bh-iy-amb DZm-c-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ FSp- p- -Xn-\p Ign-hns\ Ipdbv p-i-bm-wv. h [n- p-h-cp BtKmf Xm]- \ne c p Un{Kn I p Ipd-bv -Wsa e yw \nd-th-dm-\p km[yx Xosc- p-d-hm-sw- mwv sf]n-knkn dnt m v \ In-bn- p- -Xv. AXpsIm p Xs Imem-hÿ hyxn-bm- \-hp-ambn _ -s - p B]-Øp- Iƒ kw`-hn- m-\p km[y-x-tb-sdbm-wv. 2015 Unkw-_-dnse Ncn-{X-]-camb ]mcokv I h j-\p-ti-jw, F m cmpy-ßfpw IqSn tn p ka n Cs Uv \mj-wen Un ssa kv tim {Sn_yqj kv (sf.-f.-un-kn) kqnn- n- p- Xv temisø Xm]-\ne h [-\hv c v {U{Kn ]cn-an-x-s -SpØn kpc- nx ]cn-[n-bn \n Øp- -Xn\p F m cmpy-ßfpw IqSn-t v FSp-Øn- p kwbp e yw ]cy-]vx-a-s - m-wv. September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 15

Ct mƒ temiøv G hpw IqSp- X sshzypxn DXv]m-Zn- n- p aq m-asø cmpy-amwv C y. {ZpX-K- Xn-bn-ep kmº-øi hf bpw PnUn-]n-bn am\p-^m-ivn-dnwkv skivs-dns ] p h [n- p pw Cu hf -bvi v C\nbpw thkw Iq pw. a\p-jy-hn-i-k\ kqnn-ibpw (F- vunsf) Du Phpw XΩn i -ambn _ -ap v AXp-sIm- p-xs C ybpss F vunsf \ne sa -s -Sp- - X-\p-k-cn v Btfm-lcn Du P D]- t`mkw bp n-k-l-amb \ne-bn-te v Db Øp Xn\v tbmpn kmt -XnI hnzy kzoi-cn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. P\-kw-Jym-h [-\bpw kmº- ØnI hf bpamwv Du P Unam v h [n- n- p c p apjy-l-s-i-ßƒ. 2001 \pw 2011 \pw CS-bn C ybpss P\-kwJy 100 timsn-bn \n p 120 timsn-bn-te v Db p. Cu Imeb-f-hnse icm-icn {]Xn-h j kmº- ØnI hf F p ix-am-\-am-wv. {]my-ani Du P Unam v Cu Imeb-f-hn A p-i-x-am\w {]Xn-h j hf ImWn- p. 2011 se samøw Du Ø Bh-iy-Øns 70 ix-am- \hpw \nd-th- n-bxv t^mkn C - \-ap-]-tbm-kn- m-wv. I -cn, s]t{smfnbw F n-h-bm-bn-cp- p apjy C - \-ßƒ. Ch-bpsS ] v bym-{iaw 39 ix-am\w, 23 ix-am\w hox-am-wv. F p ix-am\w kw`m-h\ \ In-bXv {]IrXn hmx-i-am-wv. Du P D]-t`m- K-Øn G hpw ap n \n p- Xv hyh-kmb taj-e-bm-wv. sxm p- ]n- n hosp-ifpw a p hmwnpy ÿm]-\-ßfpw \n p-tºmƒ {Sm kvt]m v taje aq mw ÿm\- Øm-Wv. C y-bpss Du D]-t`mKw C y sff Unkn ap ]msi \ In-bn- p hmkvzm-\-ßƒ Hmtcm PnUn]n bqwn- n\pw ]pd-tø p hnsp Im _ Fan-j km{µ-xbn 2005 texn-t\- mƒ 33 35 ix-am\w Ipdhv hcpøpw; t^mkn CXc C \w ASn-ÿm-\-am- n-bp sshzypxn DXv]m-Z\w 40 ix-am-\-ønte v Db Øpw; 2030 HmsS 16 THE POWER WAVES September 2016 Im _ Utbm-IvsskUv Fan-j \ne GXm v 5 PnKm-S-Æn-te p XmgvØpw F n-h-bm-wv. C y Db kmº-øni hf t\sp-ibpw \ne-\n Øp-Ibpw snøp-sa A\p-am-\-Øn-emWv C ybpss Fan-j C kn n e ysø a\-kn-em-t - -Xv. F nepw Fan-j C kn n dnu- tdtjym Is -Øp- -Xn Db kmº-øni hf t\sp- -Xp-ambn A{X henb {]m[m-\y-an-s p ImWmw. F m Db PnUn]n hf m \nc- mwv cmpysø \nt - ]-Øn\p Du Pw \ Ip- Xpw hnhn[ taj-e-i-fn aqe-[\ cq]- h -c-wvxn-x\p Imc-Wm-Ip- Xpw Db aqey-h [\ km[y-x-bp taj-e-bn-te v aqe-[\w Xncn- p-hn- Sp- -Xp-hgn C ybv v e y-an- n-cn- p Fan-j km{µ-x-bn-te v FØn-t -cm km[n- pw. t\tc adn v C y Xmgv PnUn]n hf m \nc- n-eq-ss-bmwv \oßp- -sx- n sf.-f.-un.-kn. e yw t\spi {]bm-k-i-c-am-ipw. G hpw ]pxn-bxpw Imcy- -ahpw ip -hp-amb kmt -Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn \nt ]w FØp- Xp Ipd-bp- Xp Xs Imc-Ww. AXp-sIm- p-xs kº-zvl-s-\-bpss `mhn LS-\-sb- pdn p hfsc ASp-Øp-\n p t\m p- Ibpw Bh-iy-amb \nt -]m- co w Hcp- p-isb Xpw Bkq-{X- W-Øn hfsc {][m-\-s - -Xm-Wv. ]T-\-ßƒ Nq n- m- p- Xv 2030 HmsSbpw C y-bpss {]my-ani C \ Bh-iy-Øn apjy ] v t^mkn C -\-ßƒ p-x-s -bm-bncn pw F m-wv. ]p\-cp-]-tbmk Du tpm-xv]m-z-\-øn henb e yßƒ ap n-ep-s - nepw tãmtdpv ssivt\m-f-pn-bpss A`m-h-Øn CXp kº-øn-i-ambn A{X em`-i-c-am-sa v ]d-bm-\m-hn-. ]p\-cp-]-tbmk Du P t{kmx-kp-i-fpss CS-hn- p e`y-xaqew t_kv temuv e`y-am- p- - Xn\pw {KnUv kssπ k p-e-\-øn- \pw t^mkn C -\-ß-sf-Øs XpS pw B{i-bn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. sf.-f.-un.-kn.- -F \ Ip kqn\ 2031 HmsS samøw {]myani Du P-hn-`hw 2006 se 551 FwSn- HC (an-ey S Hmbn CIzn-h-e v) \n p 2044 FwSn-HC Bbn Dbcp-sa- m-wv. I -cn-bmwv apjy C -\-ambn XpS-cp-I. I -cn-bpss hnlnxw 2006 se 33 ix-am-\-øn \n v 2031 53 ix-am-\-ambn Dbcpw. {IqtUm-bn-ens hnln-x-am-is 2006 se 24 ix-am-\-øn \n p 2031 26 ix-am-\-øn-te v Db-cpw. Du P an{in-x-øn {]Ir-Xn-hm-X-I- Øns ] v 2001 se 35 FwSnH C \n p 2031 110 FwSn-HC Bbn h [n- p-sa- mwv Icp-Xp- -Xv. C \ an{in-øn CXv Bdp ix-am-\-am-bn- Xs XpS-cp-Ibpw snøpw. AXm-bXv 2031 HmsS {]my-ani Du P-Øn 84 ix-am-\hpw I cn, {IqUv Hmbn {]IrXn hmxiw F- n-h-bm-bn-cn- pw. ]Øp ix-am\w sshzypxn ]mc-º-cy-am-bp ssphh-kvxp- -fn \n pw Hcp ix-am\w BW-thm P-hp-am-bn-cn- pw. A p-i- Xam\w a p ]p\-cp-]-tbmk t{kmxkp-i-fn \n pw Pe sshzypxn ] - Xn-I-fn \n p-am-bn-cn- pw. 2031 t]mepw I cn D]- tbm-kn- p sshzypxn DXv]m-Z\ ÿm]n-x-tijn 57 ix-am-\-am-bn-cn- pw. 2006 CXv 52 ix-am-\-am-bn-cp- p. Uok D]-tbm-Kn- p sshzypxn DXv]m-Z-\-Øn\p Bcpw- Xs A\p-Iq-e-a- m-ø-xn-\m AXv ]Xps A{]-Xy- -am-ipw. CXns ^e-ambn t^mkn-en-xc C -\-ap-]- tbm-kn- p sshzypxn DXv]m-Z\w h [n- pw. ]p\-cp-]-tbmk t{kmx-kp- Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn- p sshzypxn DXv]m- Z\w 2006 se Bdp ix-am-\-øn \n p 2031 30 ix-am-\-øn-te v Db-cpw. lcnx Krl-hm-X-I-ßƒ ]pdtøbv p hnsp- Xp Ipd-bv p-hm F m taj-e-i-fnepw Du P a- Xbv v Hcp {][m\ ] p-h-ln- m-\p- v. Imcy- -a-x-bpfve D]-I-c-W-ß hni-kn- n-s -Sp- m\pw D]-tbm-Kn- phm\pw i -ambn t{]m m-ln- n- s -ts- -Xp- v. hymh-km-bn-tim-xv]m- Z\w IqSp-X Imcy- -a-am- -Ww. {Sm kvt]m v knãw sa -s -Sp- ØWw; DXv]m-Zn- n- p sshzypxn

D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øp-hm klm-b-iambn hn[-øn hnhn[ taj-e-i-fn Unam v h [n- n- p-hm \S-]-Sn-Ifp- m-i-ww. AXn-\mbn AX-Xp-ta-Je-I-fn Bh-iy-Øn\p aqe-[\ \nt ]w Dd- m- -Ww. C \, kmt -XnIhnZy sxc-s -Sp- hnhn[ hi-ß-fn \n p ]cntim-[n- p-tºmƒ, ASpØ GXm\pw Zi-I-ß-fn-te v C y GXv Du P t{kmx-kp-iƒ apjy-ambpw sxc-s - Sp- -W-sa- Xv hfsc {][m-\-s Imcy-am-Wv. ASpØ 30 h j-tø v C y sxc-s -Sp- p C -\- ßfpw ASn-ÿm\ DXv]m-Z\ kuicy-ß-fpw, CXp ]d-øp-hn-sp lcn- X-hm-X-I-ßƒ D m- p {]Xym-Lm- X-ßfpw `mhn-bnse amdn hcp Bhiy-Øn-\-\p-k-cn- v C \w kmt - XnI hnzy F nh hyxym-k-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn-\p cmpy-øns Ignhpw Hs Cu sxc-s -Sp- ns\ kzm[o- \n- p Imcy-ß-fm-Wv. Zo L-Im-e- Øn-te v C y-bpss Du Pm-hiyw \nd-th- m \nc-h[n km[y-x-iƒ D]- tbm-kn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. an Du tpm-xv]m-z\ ] -Xn-Ifpw {]h Øn p XpS-ßp-hm IqSp-X Imew th n hcp-sa- Xpw Ipd- Xv 20 30 h jsø tem v C ]ncouv thw-sa Imcyhpw a\-kn h p sim p-thww cmpy-øns {lkz, Zo L-Ime Du P ]cn-h Ø- \sø ssiimcyw sntø- -Xv. Ct mgpw I -cn-b-[n-jvtnx sshzypxn DXv]m-Z-\-amWv C y-bpss ap n-ep G hpw em`-i-c-amb Hm]vj. As - n {]Ir-Xn-hm-XIw AXns e`y-x-b-\p-k-cn v C -\- ambn D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Ømw. CXn GXp sxc-s -Sp-Øm\pw Zo L- Ime e y-sa- Xv Ipd Im -_- Fan-j Hm]vj sxc-s -Sp- p-i-sb- -Xm-hWw. I cn J\\w snøp-ibpw Igp-In-sb-Sp- - Ibpw snøp coxn ani-s mcp Hm]vj-\mbn IW- m- m Ign-bn-. {lkz-im-e-tø- m-bp Cd- p-a-xnbm-bn-cn pw CXn-t\- mƒ sa -s Hm]vj. sh -sa- Xv ]e ÿe- Øpw Zp e` hkvxp-hmbn amdp kml-n-cy-øn Ign Iptd h jß-embn ]e Xm] sshzypxn \neb-ß-fnepw ]e-t mgpw DXv]m-Z\w \ne-bv p-i-bp- m-bn- p- v. sh -an- m- Ø-Xp-aqew DXv]m-Z\ ti{µ-ß AS- n-ts- -Xmbpw h n- p- v. sh w ASn-ÿm-\-am- n-bp Xm] sshzypxn \ne-b-ß-fpss IqfnwKv kwhn-[m-\-øn\p ]Icw hmbp ASnÿm-\-am- n-bp IqfnwKv knãw D]- tbm-kn v sa -s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\p Ct mƒ IqSp-X {]k- n-bp- v. _yqtdm Hm^v F\ Pn F^njy kn \S- m- n-bn kwcw-`-amwv s] t^mw A ohv B Uv t{suv (PAT) A p-h j Nm{InI Ime-b-fhn hf-sc-b-[niw sshzypxn D]- tbm-kn- p hyh-kmb ÿm]-\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS bqwn- p-i-fnse Du tpm-]- t`mkw Ipd-bv p- -Xn-\p ] -Xn-bm- Wn-Xv. CXns BZy-L w hnp-b-i-cambn ]q Øn-bm- n-b-t mƒ 30 Zie w S Im _ Utbm-Ivssk- Uv _ln K-a-\-amWv XS-bm km[n- -Xv. Kh sa v {]Xo m \n `-c-amb e y-ß-fmwv Ct mƒ {]Jym-]n- n- p- -Xv. 2022 HmsS kutcm w, Im v F n-h-bn \n p 175 KnKmhm v sshzypxn DXv]m-Zn- n- m-\mwv e y-an-sp- -Xv. ]p\-cp-]-tbmk Du tpm-xv]m-z\ kmt -Xn-I-hn-Zy-bv pth n hcp snehv IpØs\ Ipd- p-h-cp kml-n-cy-øn-em-wn-xv. ]p\-cp-]-tbmk Du tpm-xv]m-z-\-øn \nt ]w \S-Øp- Xv Ct mƒ XnI- pw bp n-k-l-am-bn- p- v. {]txy-in- pw Uok D]-tbm-Kn p sshzyp- Xn DXv]m-Z\w \S-Øp ÿe-ßfn. cmpysø F m hosp-i-fnepw ip -ambn ]mn-i-hm-xiw e`y-am- p- -Xn\p {]txyi {i \ In-h-cp- p- v. ]mn-i-øn-\p C -\-ambn F ]npn D]-tbm-Kn- p hosp-i-fpss FÆw 2001 se 18 ix-am-\-øn \n p 2011 60 ix-am-\-ambn Db n- p- v. CXn 65 ix-am\w hosp-ifpw \K-c-ta-J-e-bn \n p- -h-bm-wv. shdpw 11 ix-am\w am{x-amwv {Kmaß-fn \n p F ]npn D]-t`m- m- -fpss FÆw. hfsc Ffp- - Øn hndip e`n- p- p-sh- -XmWv (h-\-ß-fn \n pw Irjn-bn-S-ß-fn \n pw) CXn\p Imc-W-ambn Nq n- m- -s -Sp- -Xv. as m v F ]n-pnbpss Db hnebpw IW- In m-\p {]bm-k-hp-am-wv. cmpysø _n]n-f IpSpw-_-ß-fn {][m- \-a{ n DPze tbmp\ hgn F ]npn FØn- p- -Xn-\p {iaw Du n- X-ambn \S-Øn-h-cp-I-bm-Wv. kº-zvl-s-\-bnse Du -cwkw t]mep DNn-X-amb taj-e-i-fn-te v th {X \nt ]w Xncn- p-hn-sp- - Xn\p {i m-]q h-amb Bkq-{XWw Bh-iy-ap- v. AXp-hgn hf -bptsbpw sxmgn-en-s bpw KpW-^-eßƒ D]-tbm-K-s -SpØn Zq L-Ime hni-k-\-øn-te v cmpy-øn\v \oßm- \m-ipw. September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 17

{]Xn-I-cWw C.-Fw. \ko, Nnd-bn Iogv sxcphv \mbv kwc- -W-\n-baw F p-sim v Akm-[p-hm- n- qsm? sxcp-h-\mbv ieyw \nc- cw cq -am-ip p. ]cm-xn-iƒ hym]-iam-bn pw ]cn-lm-c-am-ip-t -bn-. \nbaw -t`-z-kxn snøp-itbm Akm-[phm- p-itbm sntø- -h A\-ßp- p-an-. kl-{k-tim-sn-i-fpss hnev]- \-bp t]hn-j-hm-ivkn Dev]m-Zn- n- p Iº-\n-Iƒ ImtW- -hscsbms ImtW coxn-bn I ph-cp- p. P\-ß-fn GsX- n-epw Xc- Øn-ep ]cn-lmc Nn P\n- n- mø coxn-bn hfsc Bkq-{Xn- X-ambn Znim-t_m[w \jvs-s -SpØpw hn[w {]Xo- -bv p hi-\evin hgn-sx- n- p {]kvxm-h-\-ifpw dnt m p-ifpw am{x-ta-bp- q. timsn- -W- n\v an m-{]m-wn-ifmb \ncp-]-{z-h-im-cn-i-fmb BSp-am- Sp-I-sfbpw timgn-i-sfbpw \n `bw sim p-xn- p Xntem IoS-\m-in-\n- I-fp-]-tbm-Kn v sndp-{]m-wn-isf sims m-sp- p- -Xntem H pw ] nkvt\-ln-i-fm-b-h v Zp:Jan-. hmivkn I -hsw s]msn-s]m-sn- - Ww, Cu Dev]- -Øns ]c-ky- Øn\v sxcp-hp-\m-b-ieyw hm Øbm-bm am{xw axn. ]c-ky-nn-ehv em`hpw _ -s - -h v ]n hm-xnen-eqss IΩo-j Dd v CXp-am-{XamWv e yw. P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-ÿ-bnse cmpm- - m-cmwv ]uc- m. \ΩpsS \m nse ]uc- m-cn `qcn-]- hpw km[m-c-w- mcpw Zcn-{Z-cp-am-Wv. \n `m-ky-h-im Cu `qcn-] Zcn{Z cmpm- - msc \yq\-] kº- cmwv `cn- p- -Xv. `qcn-]- -Xm ]- cy-ßƒs -Xn-cmb \nb-a-ß-fmwv ZpjvS-e- y-ßƒ mbn ]e-t mgpw Ch-cp- m- p- -Xv. {]Xn-tj-[-ß-fpb-cp-tºmƒ aps- \ymbo-i-c-wßfpw Dcp- p-i-fnbpw am{x-am-wv. sxcp-hp-\mbv ieysø AXn-Pohn- m P\-ßƒ v C\n Ht snøm-\m-iq. sxc-s -Sp- p-i-fn \ntj-[-\-thm v k{º-zmbw {]tbm- P-\-s -SpØn cmjv{so-b- msc ISpØ kω ±-Øn-em n hc- -h-cbn \ndpøn P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-ambn \ymb-amb Bhiyw t\sn-sb-sp- p- I. dkn-u vkv Atkm- n-tb-j-\p- Iƒ pw k - -kw-l-s-\-iƒ pw a pw \njv] {]ÿm-\-ßƒ psams C m-cy-øn s]mxp i{xp- -fn \n v c -s -Sm P\-ßsf klm-bn- m-\m-ipw. am[y-a-ßƒ Hcn epw CXns\ A\p-Iq-en- n-. Cu \n t±-i-a-s-ßnb Ipdn v F m am[y-a-ßƒ pw ]e-ipdn Ab- psim-sp-øn pw {]kn- o-i-cn- n-. ]pxn-sbm-cm-ibw P\-ßƒ {]tbm- Kn v hnp-bn- m-ep Ah-ÿsb Ah `b-s -Sp- p- m-ipw. 18 THE POWER WAVES September 2016

IhnX cmp. Pn A _pzw A _pzw _lp-hn-[w, Aev]\mw a\p-ps A - -Po-hnXw ]mts XI ØoSmw `mhtam Rms\ v ioew ]cm-{iaw amtem-i-scm-s bpw Im o-gn \nev]-h c m pzw ]ns hz-\m pzw ]ns A -\m-f-øn, Icƒ, IpS-en-ep-a pzw ]tbm-[-c-øn-ep-a p-zw h nsmw Aÿn-X a -bn, t]in-bn-em-sibpw K `m-i-b-ønepw \b-\-ßƒ X nepw Ihn-fnepw \mhnepw Im k _m[n- nsmw PohnX Ncy {Ia-s -Sp-Øo-Sp-In ioew kzm-nmc \njvt-am-bo-sp-in A pz _m[-sbm-gn-hm n PohnXw kt mj kµm-b-i-am n am nsmw [qa-]m-\m-k n ]mts-bp-t]- n v Xmw_qe N Ww ioe-am- m-sxbpw ]m a-km-e- q p Zqsc-bp-t]- n pw \mhn-se, Ihn-fnse b \mf-ønse b pz _m[sb bm n-b-i- nsmw kuµcyw amdn-em-sw `mh-tømss ]o\ ]tbm-[-\-a-ωn Xqhnepw hm ey ZpKv[w ]I p \ Io-SmsX h e inip-hns tcmz-\-a-dn-bmsx ImØp kq n- -h Icp-Xn-bn-cn- pi amdnsa pz _m[-bm s\m nsmw [qa-]m-\-øm ]pd- - p-a-ppze kz w icocw \in- n- -h-\p-s \ nti \n p am\p-j s m-s bpw A -cwkw sx -dn-bmsx \nt m- n k Xw Nmse `ppn- n- nspw \npw hocyw Xebv p ]nsn p -a-zn- m-\mbv hoc-\m-bp- -h Xms\ `mhøn azy-]m\w snbvxp kz w Ic-fns t]in-iƒ `nøn-i-fmsi \in- n- o- b pz tcmksø kpkzm-kxw snbvxp IpS-ep-I-fm-I No fns mcp \mfn thz\ sim p ]pf p acn- nsmw ] - -dn-ifpw ^e-h aohi ` W ioew ]pe Øn h o-spi hnj-c-ln-x-am-iww ] - -dn-ifpw a y-amw-km-zn-i-sf- nh \n bw hymbm-a-inew ]pe Øq \nc- cw a\ pw ico-chpw ip -ambv hbv pi AXyp{K civan-bm-en-{]-]- -Ønse k -N-c-ßƒ pw Poh-t\-Io-Sp sh n-sh-fn w ]I p \ Io-Sps m cmcy-am-hn \ n-cw {]Im-i-ßƒ Xzt{Km-Kn-Iƒ -h-bp-ø-au-j[w Ah-bnsebƒ{Sm-h-b-e- p-c-ivan-iƒ amc-i-a p-z-_m-[-bp- m- osmw FIvkvtdsb-Sp- p b{ w X nse civani amc-i-sa- -dn- o-spi Bh Øn- m-h Øn-s -Ivkvtd-sb-Sp- p-in Bbn-Sp-a p-z-tcmkw kp\n- bw imkv{xw hfsc apt -dn-sb- m-inepw kmt -XnI hnzy-am-\-øp-b n pw tcmk-ß-tfm-j-[n-sb- n-h-sbm-s bpw hnev \ hkvxp-hm-sw- p-a-dn-bpi September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 19

\n pw, InS- p-ambn Imk timsv apx \o v InS- p Hcp \o ]T\w \S-Øn-b-Xn-\p-tijw AÆm N nb amß-b- n-t]m-ep Hcp dnt m p \ In, Ac-t msn cq]bpw Hcp si v sh n-ebpw Ioi-bn-em n ÿew Imen-bm- n-bxv? sim... B alm-ÿm-]-\-ønse ambw Ie txm s n- mø ss{uh amtcm, h v t]mb A[ym- ]-l-b amtcm Bbn-cn mw CXp-t]msemcp dnt m v t_m Un\v \ InbXv? KpW-ti-J-c Cß-s\tb Ct mgpw hniz-kn- p- p- q... t_m Uv em`-i-c-am- p- -Xn\v Fs mw am -ß-fp v? KpW-ti-J-c tnmzn- p-t]m-ip p 1. {]k-cw \jvsw Ipd-bv pi 2. Ipd sne-hn sshzypxn D m-zn- n- p-i. 3. sshzypxn IpSn-»nI ]ncn-s -Sp- pi 4. \n _- -ambpw Hgn-hm- m ] p A\m-hiy XkvXn-I-Iƒ Ds - n Hgn-hm- p-i. sshzypxn hyh-km-b-ønse ASnÿm-\-amb Cu hi hnjbß-fn Hcp hnzk amt\-po-cn-b a\- p- sim pw lrzbw sim pw Hcp ]T\w \S-Øn-bn v ka-{khpw kºq - Æ-hp-amb Hcp dnt m v t_m Un\v \ In-bn-cp-s - n H v ssib-sn- pam-bn-cn- p. \ne-hn-ep ÿncw Poh-\- m- X pw ap pw apf- pg a[p-ip-am C y C Ãn- yq v Hm^v amt\-pvsa ns I p-]n-sp-ø-ßƒ C y C\n-Ãn- yq v Hm^v amt\- Pvsa v F tiƒ p-tºmƒ Xs _lp-am\w sim v KpW-ti-J-cs\ Xe teiw Xmgp-am-bn-cp p C se hsc. ta Sn ÿm]-\-øn \n pw ]Tn- n-d-ßp anspansp- amsc (an- Sp- n-i-sf) hntzi kztzi Iº\n- Iƒ e -ßfpw, timsn-ifpw iºfw \ In simøn-sim v t]miptºmƒ B alm-ÿm-]-\-ønse {]K `cmb A[ym-]-I-sc- n KpW-ti-J-c\v \ A`n-{]mbw ]d- n-cp- p. Ip n-iƒ C{Xbpw ansp-an-sp- - mcm-sw- n A ym-]-i Xo -bmbpw CXn-\- p-d-am-bn-cn- p-sa- v. ansp- am-cmb hnzym n-isf A\p-tbm-Py-amb ani ]cn-io-e\w \ In ansp-an-sp- am-cmbn hm sø- Sp- p- Xv A[ym-]-I-cm-Wt m...! ]t... KpW-ti-J-c\v Hcp kwibw? B Xe-sb-Sp- p ani ÿm]- \-Ønse H Pn-\ _p n-tim-i-ßƒ hf p \n p \ Xe-t mdp alm- m-cmtwm ticf tã v Ce-Iv{Sn-kn n t_m Uv Iº\n enan- -Un HmSn-bpw, NmSnbpw Ccp- pw, 20 THE POWER WAVES September 2016

cpss Xe simbvxn v Ipd Iqen v Xm meni Poh-\- msc \nb-an- m GXv ÿm]- \hpw hyh-km-bhpw em`-i-c-am-hp-sa v. GXv KpW-ti-J-c\pw Adnbmw hm jni C {In-sa v Un.-F. saun- Ae-h kv, {Km p-hn- n, s] j XpSßn CXym-Zn, ÿnc sxmgn-emfn B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ H p Xs Xm m-eni Pohn-bpsS PohnX ]pkvx-i-øn Fgp-Xn-tN Øn- n-. Hcp sk Hm^o-kns Bh-iyßƒ mbn F m Znh-khpw (C-cp-]-Øn-\mev awn- q-dpw) HmSp- -Xn\v Hcp ss{uhds w Hcp h n v ap Øn Aøm-bncw cq]bv v HmS ae-bm-fn-iƒ (_w-km-fn-iƒ CXp-hsc Cu taj-e-bn IS- p-h-cm-øxv sim v `mkyw) a k-cn- p-tºmƒ kwÿm\ ]n.-f-kv.-kn. hgn s] a-\ v Ãm^ns\ \nb-an v t_m Uv \jvsw hcp-øt\m? ta Sn ÿm]-\-ønse Ccp-]Xv awn- qdpw Xe-]p-I v Nn n- p, Btem-Nn- p (_m n \mev awn- q ap m-\pw, Ddßm\pw, DÆm-\pw) Nn -I amk-ß-tfmfw Nn n v Btem-Nn v Xøm-dm- n-b-xmwv Cu I p-]n-sp-øw. D]-tbmKw Ign- -Xn-\p-tijw B Xe-t mdp-isf Ab-Un tn Ø D v emb-\n-bn ap n, shbn-eøv sh -Xn-\p-tijw GsX- nepw Bfv Ibm-dmØ ayqkn-b-ønse Hgn aqe-bn kq n- p- Xv hcpw Xe-apdbv v Hm Øv Nncn- m\pw Nn n- m\pw Hcp Ah-k-c-am-Ipw. GXm\pw kq ssh-kdn t]mãp-iƒ Hgn v as m tpmen-ifpw Xm m-eni Pohn- Isf sim v snøn- n- m B ÿm]-\-øn\v D m-ip s]cpø em`-sø- n Cu KpWti-J-c Nn n- mepw CXp-t]m-se-bp \nka-\-ßsf Xe-bn hcq. KpW-ti-J-c\v Hcp kwibw hnp-b-xn-eiw Xe-bn NqSn C y C\n- Ãyq v Hm^v amt\-pvsa ns ]Sn-I-fn-d-ßp ans- am bym -Øn ta Sn A[ym- I-cpsS Ign-h-sIm- mtwm Ah ansp- amcp ansp- n-ifp BIp- Xv? temi-{]-ikvx ^psvt_mƒ Ifn- m-cmb s]te-bpw, satdm-tum-w-tb-bpw, sa n-tbbpw, s\bva-tdbpw ]cn-io-en- n ^psvt_mƒ tim pam Ifn-an-I-hn Cu Ifn- m-cpss ]n m-ºpd-øns sxm p Xmsg-bp ]Sn-bn t]mepw \n m-\p tbmky-x-t]mepw D m-bn-cp- n. kz w Ign-hvsIm v Ifn v {]i-kvxcmbhcm Ah-scms! IhnX Xaew hnp-b HmWw HmWw HmWw s]mt mww, HmWw HmWw HmW-Øn-t\mfw. Hcp h n \ndsb ]qhn-dp mw, Hcp ap -amsi HmW- q- fw Xo mw. Hcpßn Hcp-ßn-bn-dßn HmW-Øpºn ]Xpßn ]Xp-ßn-bn-dßn hma-\ HmW- - p-i-fp-b p NmSn HmW-t m-sn-bp-sp-tøm-sn- -fn-bmbv. HmW-apÆm Du m-em-sm, DÆn-Iƒ Xo pw kz]v\- q-sp-iƒ. ssit m-sm-en-iƒ Idßn \S- th, Ipcp- n-sp- m-sm am\-sø-s m-ºn. h w Ifnbpw h -k-zy-bp-apt I - -fnbpw I - -d-bp-apt. HmW-Øn- -aptº ad-s mcp ]msw s\ -Wn-bn m-]-ømbw Xo Øp. \msv I v \Sp-ßp p amthen ]pg-i v ]pe-ºp p amthen ImSv ImWm simxn p p amthen hnj-kzybpæm asn- p p amthen. ]qhn-fn-bv n-s-bnepw \ne-hn-fn-iƒ hn]-wn-sbm-cp- p p siwn-iƒ Xo p p Poh Ib-dn Ipcp- n HmW-ap-Æm ImØn-cn- m-xn-h. tigp p {]P-Iƒ \ -bv mbv hmgp p hma-\ Xn -bp-ambv Im - qhpw Zp:kz]v\-ßƒ ImWp p Hcp-a- Im-WmsX hnxpºp p amthen. September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 21

Ne- n-{x-cwkw {]kmzv ]n.-kn. Im Ne- n-{x-ta-f-bn `c-wb-{ -Øns \riwkx-bpss Bhn-jvIm-c-Øn\v ]pc-kvimcw (si tem ns sf Um\n-tb tªin\v kωm\w) Cu h jsø Im Ne- n-{xta-f-bn {_n ojv Ne-Nn-{X-kw-hn-[mb-I si tem n\v tkmƒu ]mw (]mw Un Hm ) ]pc-kvimcw e`n- n-cn- p- p. At±-l-Øns 'sf Um\ntb tªiv' "I Daniel Blake" F Nn{X-Øn-\mWv ]pc-kvim-cw. tem v apºv 1966 'ImØn Iw tlmw' (Cathy Come home) F Nn{X-Øn-eqsS Xe- Nm-bv m, A n-bp-d-ßm InS- m-san- m-ø-h-cpss IY ]d v s]mxpk-aq-l-øns {] sb X nbp-w Øn-bn- p- v. tkmjyenãv Bi-b-ß-tfmSv A\p-`m-hap Ne-Nn-{X-Im-c-\mWv tem v. sxmgn snøp- -h-cp-h-ss, A zm-\-]- -Øp-\n pw At±lw A{`-]m-fn-I-fn thsdbpw IY hncn-bn- n- p- v. dn^v dm^v, Z \mhn-tk-t gvkv F o Nn{X-ß-ƒ. A n-bp-d-ßm InS- m-s-an- m-ø-h-cpss IY {_n ojv ]m e-sa n NqSp-]n-Sn hmz- {]-Xn-hm-Z-ßƒ v CS-bm-hp-Ibpw XpS v hosn- m-ø-h-cp-ts-bpw,. sxmgn-en- m-ø-h-cp-ts-bpw, AΩam-cpsSbpw Ah-Im-i-ßsfkwc- n- m \nb-ahpw a p klmb-ßfpw sim p-h-cn-i-bpw snbvxp. temisø kº- - -cmjv{s-ß-fn H mb {_n -\n Ct mgpw Imcy-ßƒ A{X Bizm-k-I-c F hkvxp-x-bmwv At±-l-Øn Usd G hpw ]pxnb Nn{X-amb sf Um\n-tb ªm nepw ]d-bm {ian- p- -Xv. Ign- h jw {_n -\n kup-\y-ambn ` Ww hnx-cww snøp _m p-hgn Hcp aney ` Ws]mXn-bmWv simsp- Ø-Xv. BtKm-f-h -c-w-øns `mk-amb kpj-tem-ep-]x {_n -\n X-ta n- Xv cmpy-øns kmº- Øn-I-`-{Z-Xbv p `wkw hcp-øn-b-hscb adn v kaq-l-ønse G hpw XmgvX- n Pohn- p- -h-scbpw ]m izh -cn- -s - -h-sc-bp-am-wv. {_n -\nse t a-cm-jv{s-k- - ev]sø `c-w-iqsw A n-a-dn- -Xns ]cn-t Zw Cu Nn{X-Øn-ep-s v tsmdn Kh sa ns hna i-i v A`n-{]m-b-ap- v. `c-w-iq-s-øns \b- ßƒs -Xn- -sc-bp Bhn-jvImcw IqSn-bmWv Cu Nn{X-sa- -XmWv Cu hna i-i-x-cpss ] w. \njvtq-c-amb DtZym-K-ÿ-ta-[m-hnXzw km[m-c- W- m-cpss ta a\p-jy-xz-cln- X-ambn t{zmln- p- -Xp-IqsS BIp-tºmƒ ZpcnXw A[n-I-cn- p- p. Cu cmjv{sob kaq-lykm-l-n-cy-ßsf and F ]{X-Ønse tdmkv ssh tpm kv hna in- p- Xv Hcp ]t {^m kv Im^I t]mepw CØcw {]Xn-k- n- Isf ]I Øm hfsc ]Wns Spw F m-wv. tsmdn-ifpw en_-d sutam-{im- p-ifpw te_ ]m n-bp-amwv Cu hna i\ ic-ßƒ v apºn ]X-dn-\n p- -Xv. {_n- -\nse Cu Zpc-hvÿbv- p -Im-cWw km[m-c-w- mcpw ]Wn-sb-Sp- m Ign-bm-Ø-hcpw hcp-ønsh- Xm sw- mwv k mcns ]nwn-bm-fp-i-fpss Ah-ImihmZw am{x-a, Ah Imc-W- 22 THE POWER WAVES September 2016

amwv kmº-øni taje XI sx- -hm-zhpw Hcp e -bp-an- msx \S-Øp-I-bm-W-h. ka-im-eo\ tlmfn-hpuv kn\n-a-i-fpss ssien-i-fn sn p-s]-smsx a\p-jy-kw-_- nbmb hnj-b-ßfn \n v kwh- Zn- m Ct mgpw Cu hµy-h-tbm- [n-i-\mb kwhn-[m-b-i A{im w ]cn-{i-an- p p F Xv A p-x-ap-f-hm- p- p. hnj-b- Øns sxc-s -Sp- n Xs kwhn-[m-bi Xs tkmjyenãv Nn -I-fpsS \ -bm-ym yß-fpss Acn-In tn p \nevip- -Xn Ct mgpw DW n-cn- p p F Xpw A pxw Xs bm-wv. sf Un\n-tb ªmIv F kn\na IqSp-X hyxykvxx ]pe Øp- Xv B[p-\nI kn\na k -ev]-ønse kmt -Xn-I-X-Ifpw hnj-b-ßfpw Hgnhm n, ]m iz-h -cn- -s a\pjy-cpss ssz\wzn\ Pohn-X-Øns `mk-amb \riw-k-xbpw, ssz\-xbpw A]-l-cn- -s -S-epw, H -s -Sepw Hs ]I Øn F -Xn-em-Wv. Un kn-s tbm Hm h-en-s tbm \ng ]m-sp-iƒ ]Xn t mse Cu Nn{X-Øn, \ncm-ew-_\pw tcmkm-xpc-\p-amb Hcp a\p-jy, DtZym-Kvÿ- A[n-i-Xz-Øns Nn -amb Nph p \ms-bn sn p s]sp-i-bmwv F mwv \ncq-]-icpss ] w. hniknx cmjv{s-amb {_n -\n t]mepw Cu Nph- p-\ms a\p-jy-xz-c-ln-x-ambn- mwv ÿm]\ h -cn- -s - -sx- n \ΩpsS C y-bpss Ahÿ F m-sw v Duln- m-hp- -tx-bp- q. si tem v X\n p e`n {_n ojv ]Zhn Bb Hm U Hm^v {_n ojv Fw]-b (OBE) \nc-kn- p- -Xn\p hy -am- nb ImcWw Xs At±-l-Øns Nn -I-fpsS Xo vw-xbv p sxfn-hmbn ImWmw. At±lw ]d-bp- p, \nßƒ tncm B{K-ln- -s -Sp Hcp _v Bbncn- n B ]Z-hn. B ]Zhn ssi - n-b-h-cpss Iq -Øn bym hn am-cp- v. AXy w \nµy-amb {_n ojv km{am-py-tøm-sp hnt[- bxzw ImWn- pi F -XmWv B ]Zhn kzoi-cn- -s -Sp XneqsS \nh Øn- -s -Sp- -Xv. B hnt[- bxzw sn v \n p- Xv A[n-\nth-i-Øn-t bpw Nqj-W-Øn-t bpw kvamciw kq n- p- n-s-øm-wv. Cu kn\n-a-bneqss Bhn-jvI-cn- p hnjbw GXp cmpyøpw P\m- [n-]-xy-hy-h-ÿ-bn-eqss `c-wta p k m-cp-iƒ `c-w-\n l-w-øn\mbn kq n- p _yqtdm- {Ikn kwhn-[m\w kaq-l-ønse XmsgØ n-ep- -h-cpss ta FSp- p ISpØ t{zml hi-ß-sf pdn- mwv. CsXmcp kn\n- {So vsa v BsW hna i\w \ne- \n s Xs AXns s]m p bmym ysø Xa-kvI-cn- m Ignbn-. _yqtdm-{i-kn-bpss s]mxp-kz- `mhw hni-kn-x- -hn-i-kz-c- -A-hn-IknX cmpy-sa Xcw Xncnhn msx km[m-c-w- m-cs\xnsc a\p-jy-xz-cln-x-ambn Xncn-bp-I-bmWv snøp- -Xv. _yqtdm-{i-kn-bpss CØcw \ne-]m- Sp-Iƒ s]mxp-k-aq-l-øns Dev]- amb ] m-fnø \n h-l-w-ønse kpc- n-x-amb s]mxp-\-ï-bpss CSßsf hy n-ti-{µo-ir-x-amb kaq-lkr-jvsn-bmbn am p-tºmƒ kaq-l-km- {X-L-S-\-bn amen\yw ASn- p-iq- Sp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp ac-]-wn- m-c AØcw Hcp KXn-tI-Sn sn p NmSp- -XmWv kn\n-a-bpss CXn-hr-Øw. ISpØ kmº-øni amµy-øns ^e-ambn cmpyøv snehv Npcp- {]Jym-]n- -s - n-cn- p- - XmWv IY-bpsS Imew. Um\ntb tªiv F 59 hb-kp-imcm\v lrz-bm-lmxw h p-s]- -Xn- \p-tijw ac- -Wn- p-t]m-im BtcmKyw hos -Sp- -s - n F p tumivs am k n-^n-t v \ In-bn-cn- p-i-bmwv v. {_n - \nse kup-\y-`- W hnx-c-wti-{µ-amb ^puv_m n \n v klm-b-sa-sp- m At±lw _ -s Hm^o-kn FØp- p. \riw-k-x-bpss At\Iw tnmzy-ßƒ _ -s DtZym- Kÿ Um\n-tb ªm n-t\msp tnmzn- p- p. InS- -d-bpss BUw- `c \nipxn kw_- n-bm-b-xp-t]mep tnmzy-ßƒ. CØcw _m piƒ p-ap- n F n t]mepw \o Iyq D v. At]- -Is\ klmbn- p- -Xn\p ]Icw DtZym-Kÿ amcpss s]mxpkz`m-h-amb Imcy-ßƒ hj-fm- p ]Xnhv ChnsSbpw ImWmw. Cu DtZym-K-ÿ Cßs\ {Iqc-ambn s]cp-am-dp- Xp a\:]q -, adn v Ah-cpsS taml- `w-k-ß-fpss, \nk-lm-b-x-bpss _lnkv^p-c-w-ß-fmwv F v kam-[-m-\n- p- -XmWv kui-cy-{]zw F p-am- Imw. hnivtsm-dn-b Ime-L- -Ønse kzm-nmcw Hcp Hm a-s -Sp-Ø-embn Cu Nn{X-Øn-eqsS A\p-`-h-s -Sp- Xpw AXp-sIm- m-wv. Akw-K-Xamb tnmzy-ßƒ Um\n-b-ens\ Atem-k-c-s -Sp-Øp- Xp At±lw am\y\pw BZ i-hm-zn-bp-am-b- -Xp-sIm- m-hmw. CØcw klmbw ssi - p- -Xn hnap-j-\mb At±-l-Øn\p ]Wn-sb-Sp- m Ign-bn F k n- ^n-t v tpmen snøp- -Xn\pw hnlm-x-am-hp-i-bm-wv. Im^vI-bpsS IYm-]m-{X-ß-sf-t]mse Hcp At] \ Im am{xw Hcp BgvNbn 30 awn- q-sd- nepw sne-h-gn- -s -S-W-sa kml-ky-x-bm-wv, {_qtdm-{i-kn- p-ap-ºn AI-s -Sp Hcmƒ Xc-Ww-sN-tø- -Xv. IY hgn Xncn-bp- Xp as mcp \ms- Io-b- -Xbn BWv. B DtZym-K-ÿ am- September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 23

cpss ap n c v Ip n-i-fpss bph- Xn-bmb Hcp amxmhv FØp-I-bm-Wv. Ah hn[-h-bp-amwv Cw - ns {]m -{]-tz-i-øp-\n p h Ah _kv sx n Ib-dn-b-Xp-Im-cWw \n - bn- -s kabw sshin-bmwv FØn-b-Xv. tihew an\n- p-ifpss hyxym-k-øn FØnb B AΩbpsS At] sshin F Imc- W-Øm DtZym-K-ÿ Ah-cpsS At] \njvi-cpww X n- -f- p. Um\n-tb- B hn[-h-bmb AΩ-bv p-th n hmzn- m {ian- p- p. AsXmcp πmt m-wniv kulr-z- Øn\p XpS- -am-hp-i-bm-wv IY-bn. Hcp hni-knx cmpy-amb Cw - nse s]mxp kaqløntï CSs]-Sp HutZym-KnI Xew Um\n-tbens\t]mse ]cn-n-b-k-º- -\mb Hcm-tfmSp ImWn- p B[p-\nI kmt -Xn-I-X-bpsS \n `-cx ChnsS \ΩpsS {i -sb ]nsn p \n Øpw. Um\n-tb-en\v Iºyq- ]cn- m- \tam C s\ v ssiimcyw snøm- \p Adnthm C. Iºyq- -dns aukp-ambn At±lw a -Sn- p- -Xp Hcp lmky-sa- -Xn D]cn Ah-ÿbmbn amdp-i-bm-wv. B\-µns Nne IYm-]m-{X-ß-sf nepw CØcw B[p- \ni \nc -I-X-bn sn p-s]-sp- Xv I p]cn-n-bn- -h-cm-wv \Ωƒ. Um\n-tb ªmIv \s mcp ]Wn- mc\pw a\p-jy-kvt\-ln-bp-am-bn v F p {]tbm-p\w F p Nn n- p- -Xn-\- pdw kaqlw \n h-ln- p \nck\w (rejection) B[p-\n-I-X kzoicn ]cn-jvi-c-w-ß-fpss `mk-ambn Xocp-I-bm-Wv. At±lw a p- -hsc klm-bn- p- -h-\m-bn pw Abmƒ v Hcp Bhiyw hcp L -Øn Abmsf klm-bn- m kaq-lhpw kaq-l-øns Dev]- -ßfpw D]-I-c- W-ßfpw D]-I-cn- -s Sp n F p ImWmw. t a-cmjv -{S-k- ev]w temisø an `c-w-l-s-\-bnepw Dƒs -Sp-Ønbn- p- v. C ysb kw_ n- n-stømfw F m cmjv{sob thzn-bnepw Ft mgpw N -sn-ø-s -Sp hnj-bhp-am-wv. F m aq mw temi-cm-jv{sß-tf-ss-bpw kz]v\-am-w-xv. F m Cu Nn{X-Øns IYm-hnivSw ]cn-tim- 24 THE POWER WAVES September 2016 [n- p-tºmƒ hni-knx cmjv{s-ßƒ v Cu kz]v\-øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-apt m F p kwi-bn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p F p-h-cp p. si tem v t a-cmjv{s-k- -ev]-øns Nn p Pme-I- Øn hen-s -dn I mwv sf Um\n-tb ªmIv F kn\na. si tem v Db Øp {]iv\-ßƒ kn\n-a-bn am{xw HXp- m-hp- -X. \ncm-ew-_-cmb a\p-jy-cpss ta k m-cns bqtdm-{i-kn-bpss b{ w Dcp-fp-I-bm-Wv. ASpØ ImeØv ] na Gjy-bnepw bqtdm- nepw kw`hn IpSn-tb mcpss {]iv\-ßƒ \nb-a-{]-iv\-am-ip- Xpw CØ-c-Øn-em- Wv. \nk-l-b-cmb ]uc-ïm Hcp k m-cns\ shdp- p p F p ]dbp- Xv cmpysø shdp- p- -Xpt]mse BsW- p- Xp C ybnse C sø PqKp-]vkm-h-l-amb cmjv{sob A]-Iz-X-bpsS hni-zo-i-c-wam-ip- Xv tem ns `mj-bn-ep- v. F m tem v hni-zo-i-cn- p- Xv Hcp k m-cns\ hna in- p- Xp cmpysø shdp- p p F p A am- p- Xn\p-]-Icw P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-camb ISa \n -ln- p p F p am{x-amwv F mwv. Hcp kn\na F m P\-ßƒ Gs -Sp- p kac apj-ßƒ v i_vzw \ In DtØ-P\w \ Im-\p D]-I-c-Wambncn Ww F -t{x. si tem ns \ne-]m-sp-iƒ _u n-i-x-e-øn-em-bmepw cmjv{so-b- X-e-Øn-em-bmepw F pw hyxykvx ]pe Øp- Xv \ap v ImWm-\m-Ipw. Ata-cn- -bpss t\m -]p- n-bmb Pqenb Akm-RvsP-bpsS Pmay-Øn-\p XpI-bpsS Hcp ] v si tem ns hi-bm-bn-cp p F -Xp-Xs At±l-Øns bp -{]-Jym-]-\-ß-fpsS Af-hp-tIm-em-Wv. am[y-a-nm-\-ep-iƒ `c-w-iq-s-øn-\p-th n hm Ø-I-fpsS cq]-øn ]c-ky-ßƒ {]t -]Ww snøp- Xv B[p-\n-I-h -c-whpw (modernization) ]cn-jvi-c-whpw (Reform) kzim-cy-h -c-w-øn\pw (Privatization) B Øn pw (Public Greed) ]I-c-amb {]nb-ap Bh-iyß-fmbn am -s -Sp- -Xn\v th n-bm-wv. XpScpw Hcp \msv Ncn-{X-Øn AS-bm-f-s - Sp- Xv Nne {]Xo-I-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm- mwv ticw Xnßpw ticf-\msv F {]tbm-k-ap- m-ip- -Xv. Ncn-{Xhpw sfxn-lyhpw si p-i-y-ifp-sa mw tn v kº- -amb \ΩpsS kwkvir-xnsb IqSp-X kº- -am- nbxv Chn-SpsØ Im jni hnf-ifpw Irjn k{º-zm-b-hp-sams tn m- W-t m. AXp-sIm p Xs khnti-j-amb Cu kml-n-cy-øn \ΩpsS kwÿm\ hr -sø- pdn v A ]-sam v ]cm-a in- msx t]mip v \µn-ti-smipw F v txm p- p. tic-\n-c-i-fm-sp Nmcp-l-cn-X-XocsØ ticfw F v hnfn- p-t]m- - Xm-bmWv Imhy-`m-h-\. sxßv NXn- n F F m-e-søbpw {]kn- -amb ]g-s m pw ae-bm-f-øn\v kz w. sxßns\ tic-f-øns Iev]-hr- -ambn AwKo-I-cn- m XpS-ßn-bXv ]søm-ºxmw \q m- n-em-wv. AXn\p apºp-hsc tic-f-øns {][m\ Im jni hnf Ipcp-ap-f-Im-bncp- p. ]søm-ºxmw \q m- ns Bcw-`-Øn Xs sxßv {][m\ hnf-bmbn amdn-bn-cp p F -Xn\v Ncn- {X-tc-J-Iƒ km n. 1857 ae-_m If-IvS ap ssi-sø-spøv timgnt msv h v tic-f-ønse BZysØ Im jni {]Z i\w kwl-sn- n- p. ]Øp-h j-øn-\p-tijw 1867 P\phcn 15, 16 Xob-Xn-I-fn Xncp-hn-Xmw- Iq-dn c m-asø Im jni {]Z i\w \S-Øn. ImgvN-_w- mhv txm -Øn \S-Ønb B {]Z i\w apjy BI j-ww Fgp-]-Øn-c v txß-bp Hcp Ipe-bm-bn-cp- p. Aßs\ \mep-t`mkw F hnh- bn s -Sp aq m-a-søtbm \mem- ]cn-ÿnxn kntpm s]md-øq

I ]-hr w Icp-Xepw s]mcp-xepw a-søtbm ÿm\w Ae- -cn- n-cp \mfn-ticw {]Ya ÿm\-tøbv v X n- -bdn h p F -Xm-Wv Fgp- ]-Øn-c v txß-bp Ipe-sb ]cm-a iw A -am- p- -Xv. `qan-bp-ambn _ -s v ] t`mkw F Htc msv tic-f-øn \ne-\n- n-cp- p. AsXmcp Xc-Øn \nip-xn-bm-bn-cp- p. ] -t`m-k-sø- n Ncn-{X-Øm-fp-I-fn ]d-bp- -Xnßs\ simºp- -, Ipe-tØ-ß, Ipe-b-S-bv, Ipe-hm-g, Hme-a-S tzhkzw {_akzw hi hkvxp- ƒ v B[mc ImWn an -hm-chpw ae-t -cn- -ep-iƒ pw HgnsI B[mc-Øn I pw ImWm-sXbpw simºp-n-, Ipe-b-S-bv, IpSn-tbme, IpSn- -Øv, hm p-^-ew, hm p-]-ww, HmW- mgvn F n-htbm Ahbv v XØp-ey-amb ]Wtam P n-am v / tzh-kz-ßƒ v simsp- p k{º-zmb-sø-bmwv ] -t`mkw F v ]dbp- -Xv. Cu ] -t`m-k-øn {][m- \-s Hcp t`mk-amwv ( hn`-h-am-wv) txß. F p ]d- m ]d-ºnse G hpw Imbv^-e-ap sxßnse G hpw FÆw ]d Ipe F w. Cßs\ ap nb Ipe- Ifpw kpµ-cn-s Æpw BZy-I-Xncpw P n v simsp-øp-t]m Hcp Xe-apd-sb- p-dn- mwv Nß-ºpg hmg- p-ebn Fgp-Xp- -Xv. ae-b- p-e-b\pw Ahs s]æ-c\pw ]nt pw th n timtemsø X{º-\m-Wt m ]g- pe Xn p Xo Ø-Xv. \mfn-ti-csø ]e t]cn h Ko- I-cn- n-cp- p. txß, sndp-tx-ß, sh -tø-ß, Kuen-]m-{X-tØ-ß, Ip n- q-c, Ipw`- p-s-h F n-hsb mw \ms txß-bn-\-ß-fm-bn-cp- p. Ch IqSmsX A\-h[n {KmaoW hi-t`-z-ßfpw ChnS \ne-\n- n-cp- p. ]søm-ºxmw \q m- ns ]Ip-Xn-bnse-Øp-tºm-tg pw \mfn-ticw Hcp Ib- p-agn hkvxp-hmbn Db p F p ImWmw. \mfn-ti-cw am{x-a-. temks ae-_m amº-en ]ca in- p- -Xp-t]mse shfn-s Æ, sim{], Ib, ]næm- v, XpS-ßnb titcm-xv]- -ß 1903 04 h j- Øn Xs ae-_m-dn \n v Ib n Ab- n-cp- p. B C\-Øn am{xw A p-timsn cq]-bpss hcp-am-\hpw D mbn F v Ncn-{X-Im-c FgpXn h n-cn- p- p. A sø A ptimsn cq]bv v C sø Aøm-bncw timsn-bpss aqeyamsw v {]txyiw ]d-tb- -Xn- t m. ] v _m k{º-zmbw \ne-\n- n-cp ImeØv \ΩpsS ]q n-i s\ v simspøv ]Icw txß hmßn-bn-cp- p. sxßns F m `mk-ßfpw Ah H n\v As - n as m- n\v D]-tbm- Kn pw t]m p. Xe-\o-cn-d- -Øn\v sxßns thcv NX v shfn- Æ Im n Xe-bn txbv m Ahsc ]Tn- n- Xv Ime-am-sW v [cn- p- - Xmhpw icn. ]mxn-b-s AYhm ]IpXn {]mbw sn sxßns txß-bmwv hnøn-\mbn FSp-Øn-cp- -Xv. Fßs\-bmWv hnøp-iƒ txß-iƒ Xømdm-t - -sx v ]g-a- m v \ Xo -aq -bp- m-bn-cp- p. \t mww aqs -Ønb txß tij-cn v Iptd Znhkw shbn-en DW-ßm A\ph-Zn- p- p. txß-bpss sh w \ - Xp-t]mse h n-bm ]ns Ipsd Znhk-tØ v txß sh -Øn-en-Sp-Ibpw snøpw. Hcp amk-tøm-f-sa-sp- p {]{Io-b-Iƒ p-ti-j-am-wv. \ September 2016 THE POWER WAVES 25

aæn IÆp am{xw (txß-bpss apiƒ `mkw ) aqsmsx Htcm- mbn Ipgn- n-sp- v. Znh-tk\ \\- bv pw. aq p-amkw Ign- m txß apf-s m- n-hcp- p. tic-f-øn ]søm- ºXmw \q m- ns Bcw- `-Øn Xs ap -Xp-e sxß-i-fp- m-bn-cp p F mwv IW- v. ae-bm-f- Øns \m n-b-h-gn-i-fn-eqss Ncn-{X-Ip-Xp-In-bmbn Ae hmƒ lman - s \nco- Ww {it -bam-wv. Hcp sxßn \n v icm-icn Ccp]Øn\men Ipd-bmØ txß In psa v \m p-im km y-s - Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn lman Fgp-Xp- p. am{x-hp-a 1860 Bb-t m-tg pw sxßp-i-fp-tsbpw txß-i-fp-tsbpw FÆw IqSp-hm\pw hn]-w-\-km-[yx h [n- m\pw CS-bmbn F pw At±lw Ipdn- n- - v. sxßv \ΩpsS \m n Irjn F \ne-bn A`n-hr- n-s - -Xns ] m-øew Ncn-{X-Im-c- m tcjs - Sp-Øn-h- n- p v. BsI 30 hn[w sxßp-iƒ Adn-b-s - n- p- v. sxßv icm-icn ]Ømw sim -Øn Imbv p- p. s]m m-\n, sim n Cu hi-ÿ-e-ß-fn Hcp sxßn\v 100 ImbvI-fp- m-hp-ibpw Hcp G ÿeøv 60 apx 100 hsc sxßp- Iƒ sh p-ibpw snøp- p- -t{x. sim -Øn Btdm Ft m {]mhiyw txß hen- p-ibpw AXn\v A p txßp-i-b-dn-bm Hcp txß IW- ASv Iqen simsp- p-ibpw snøp- p. hneyw temks ae-_m am\z, ]n. i pæn tat\ms Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq Ncn-{Xw, ae-_m Kk- n-b, kn.-b. IrjvW-]n- -bpss Xncp-hn-Xm-Iq `qanimkv{xw XpS-ßnb IrXn-I-fn ticf-ønse BZy-Ime sxßp IrjnbpsS hnhn[ L -ß-sf- p-dn v khnkvxmcw {]Xn-]m-Zy-ap- v. Ch IqSmsX ]Xn-s\- v, ]søm-ºxv \q m- n-i-fn hmsam-gn-bmbn tic-e-øn {]N-cn Irjn-co-Xn-bnepw sxßn-s\- p-dn- p hn]p-e-amb {]kvxm-hy-ap- v. 26 THE POWER WAVES September 2016 1765 66 sslz-cm-en-bpss `c- W-Im-eØv Imbv^-e-ap sxsßm- n\v ~HcW Gtg-Im ss]k-bm- Wv. \nip-xn-bmbn JP-\m-hn-tebv v AS-bvt - n-bn-cp Xv. Sn p-hns `c- W-Im-eØv AXv c W aqt aq m ss]kbpw ]n osv CuÃn ym Iº-\n-bpsS ImeØv ho pw HcW Gtg-Im ss]k-bpambn amdn-bxpw Ncn-{Xw. sxßp Irjn-bpsS kz`m-h-tø- p-dn v Ncn- {X-tc-J-I-fnse hnhcw IqSn Fgp-Xns m v Cu Ipdn v Ah-km-\n- n- mw. ]d-ºp-{]-bvxv\-ß-fn sh v G hpw A[n-I-ambpw G hpw hne- ]n-sn- -Xmbpw D Xp sxßp-ir-jn-bm- Ip- p. aw {]tz-i-ß-fn hntijn pw ]ms-ßsf sxßn txm -ßfm n Xo Øp-sIm- n-cn- p p. sxßp Irjn-bp `qan-bn-t mƒ GItZiw Aº-Xn-\m-bncw G -d-tbm-f-ap- v. sk n sa v Un m p-sa v aptj\ FSp-Øn p IW v {]Imcw hr -ß-fpsS FÆw Ccp-]- Øn-sbm-ºXv e -Øn IqSp-Xembpw \n p- p. sxßn \n v In p km[-\-ß-fm-wv Cu cmpyøv \n pw a pw cmpy-ß-fn-te v Ib n Ab- p\v ]Zm -ß-fn apjy-ambn- p- -h. Bk-I-e-ap hne 220 e w cq]-tbm-f-ap- m-bn-cp- p. \\ IqSmsX \mfn-ticw \ -hæw ]nsn- p- -X-. Imb IqSn-h-cp- -Xn-\pth n hcp Imew hr - Øns Xmc-t`-Z-sØbpw `qan-bpss kz`m-h-søbpw B{i-bn- n-cn- p- -Xm-Wv. Hcp Xcw sxßv c p sim -Øn-\-IØp Imbv p XpS-ßp- p. F nepw ae-a v hown- p {]tz-i-ß-fn icm-icn F p sim hpw I {]-tz-i-ß-fn ]ØpsIm- hpw th n-h-cp- p. ap -Xp-sIm- -tømfw Hcp hr w \ -hæw Imbv p- p. sim -Øn Ie-ta- \nbv v \m Xv \mfn-ticw hoxw sxsßm- p v hogp- -Xm-Wv. AXn- n-t mƒ c p-cq-]-bn-e-[niw hne-bp- v. F m \ sxßn \n v \qdn-e-[n-ihpw In mdp- v. sxßn\v i{xp- ]e-xp-ap- v. Ahbn {][m-\-am-bn- p- h Fen, ac- - n, sn v F o P p- -fm-ip- p. BZyw ]d- Xv c pw Cfw {]mb- Øn txß Xpf v tisp-h-cp-øp- p. as Hme simt m ap psimt m t]møp h v si n-bn- mwv Ahsb km[m-c-w-bmbn Hgn- n- p-if-bm-dp- -Xv. Iqºp-h-en- p kabøv sn v AXv Iptd-»-bmbn Xn p \in- n- p- p. Nne ]pgp- ƒ thcp-iƒ \in- n- p-ibpw XSn-bpsS D n IqSn Xpf- p-i-bdn AXv s]m -bm- p-ibpw snøp- p. sxßns hf bpw Hmtcm Ime- Øp-ap- m-ip Imbv^e-{I-ahpw sxßn-\p-w-a-sm-ip tcmk-ßfpw XpSßn Hcp hnz-kv[-\mb Irjn imkv{x- -s\-t mepw AXn-ew-Ln- p v Adnhv \ΩpsS ]q ni v D m-bn-cp- p. F{Xtbm AXn-i-b-Iam-Wv C v Irjn F Xv Xosc kv m kv C mø H mbn Xocp-Ibpw ho p-h-f- n _w m-shm-gnsi as m pw ]msn-s v, ap Øv Hcp ]p s m-sn-øp-ºp-t]mepw Ah-tijn- -cp-sx v hmin-]n-sn- p-ibpw snøp h Ø-am-\-tI-c-f-tØmSv Ign c p aq v \q m- p-i-fnse sxßp Irjn-sb- n ]d-bp v kwk- X-am-tWm-sb tnmzyw _m n-bm-ip- p.