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1 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2): ÒÃÈÖ ÉÒÊÁºÑµÔ Ò ÒÂÀÒ¾ Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒÊÓËÃѺÃкº Ó ÇÒÁàÂç¹áººÃÐàË ÊÁªÒ Á³ÕÇÃó Investigation of Physical Properties of Mulberry Paper for Evaporative Cooling System Somchai Maneewan ˹ ÇÂÇÔ Ñ¾ÅÑ Ò¹ Ò ŒÒ¹ ÇÒÁÌ͹áÅÐÊ àêãôá ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ É ¾ÅÑ Ò¹ ÀÒ ÇÔªÒ ÊÔ Ê ³ÐÇÔ ÂÒÈÒʵà ÁËÒÇÔ ÂÒÅѹàÃÈÇÃ Ñ ËÇÑ ¾ÔɳØâÅ Thermal Energy and Energy Conservation Promotion Research Unit, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. Corresponding author. address: (S. Maneewan) Received 15 November 2006; accepted 7 August 2007 º Ñ Â Í» غѹἠ¹à«ÅÅ Ó ÇÒÁàÂç¹µŒÍ ¹Óà ŒÒ Ò µ Ò»ÃÐà È áåðáõãò Òá¾ Ö à Ô á¹ç ÇÒÁ Ô ã¹ ÒÃ¹Ó ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ ÁҾѲ¹Ò¼ÅԵ໚¹á¼ ¹à«ÅÅ Ó ÇÒÁàÂç¹á ¹ Ò¹ÇÔ Ñ¹Õé Ö Ó ÒÃÈÖ ÉÒÊÁºÑµÔ Ò ÒÂÀÒ¾ Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒµÒÁÍ Òà ÃÐËÇ Ò»ÃÐà ÈÇ Ò ŒÇÂÁҵà ҹ (International Organization for Standardization; ISO) áåð Ñ ÓÁҵà ҹ ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ Í ¾ é¹ ÕèÀÒ àë¹ Í à¾ èí໚¹ ŒÍÁÙž é¹ Ò¹ Í ¼ÅÔµÀѳ± áåðྠèí㪜㹠ÒÃÍÍ áººá¼ ¹à«ÅÅ Ó ÇÒÁàÂç¹ ÊÓËÃѺÃкº Ó ÇÒÁàÂç¹ áººãðàëâµ Íä» â Â Ó ÒÃÈÖ ÉÒ ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒà 㹠Òà ٠«ÖÁ¹éÓ (ISO535:1991) Ò ÇÒÁµŒÒ¹áÃ Ö Ò (ISO3781:1983) ¹éÓË¹Ñ Áҵà ҹ (ISO536:1995) Ò ÇÒÁ˹ÒáÅÐ Ò ÇÒÁ˹Òá¹ ¹ Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ (ISO534:1988) â Â㪌 ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ Ò 3 áëå Í ºŒÒ¹¹ÒàËÅ Í ÍÓàÀÍàÇÕ ÊÒ Ñ ËÇÑ ¹ Ò¹ ºŒÒ¹ÊÐà¹Õ¹ ÍÓàÀÍàÁ Í Ñ ËÇÑ ¹ Ò¹ áåðºœò¹áâ ÍÓàÀ͹ Ãä Â Ñ ËÇÑ ¾ÔɳØâÅ Ò ÒÃÈÖ ÉÒ¾ºÇ Ò Ò ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒà 㹠Òà ٠«ÖÁ¹éÓÊÙ ÊǾ à Ò Ñº ÃÑÁ ËÃ Í Ô à»š¹ 462 % Ò ÇÒÁµŒÒ¹áÃ Ö ³ÐáËŒ ÊÙ ÊǾ ÁÕ Òà Ò Ñº kn/m ³Ðà» Â ÊÙ ÊØ kn/m ¹éÓË¹Ñ Áҵà ҹ ÇÒÁË¹Ò áåð Ò ÇÒÁ˹Òá¹ ¹ÊÙ ÊØ à Ò Ñº g/m mm áåð kg/m 3 µòáåó Ѻ Ñ ¹Ñé¹ ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ Ö ÁÕÊÁºÑµÔ ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁ ÊÒÁÒà ¹ÓÁÒ¼ÅÔµ ໚¹á¼ ¹à«ÅÅ Ó ÇÒÁàÂç¹ãªŒá ¹á¼ ¹à«ÅÅ Ó ÇÒÁàÂç¹ Õè¹Óà ŒÒ Ò µ Ò»ÃÐà Èã¹» ØºÑ¹ä Œ ÓÊÓ Ñ : ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ; á¼ ¹à«ÅÅ ; Ãкº Ó ÇÒÁàÂç¹áººÃÐàË Abstract Thailand has to import expensive celpads from other countries. To solve this problem, the mulberry paper has been developed to replace the celpad. This project studied the physical properties of mulberry paper according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and attempted to standardize the mulberry paper obtained from the north of Thailand. The data derived from this project may be used to design the celpad for evaporative cooling. The paper properties were investigated in terms of the absorptiveness (ISO535:1991), the tensile strength (ISO3781:1983), the basis weight (ISO536:1995), the thickness and density (ISO534:1988). The mulberry paper from three sources were examined, including the mulberry papers from: Ban Naluang, Wiangsa, Nan; Ban Sanian, Muang, Nan; and Ban Yang, Nachornthai, Phitsanulok. It was found that the maximum tensile strength for the dry mulberry paper was kn/m. After the immersion in water, the maximum tensile strength was kn/m. The water absorptiveness was g or 462%. The basis weight, thickness and density were g/m 2, mm, and kg/m 3, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that the physical properties of the mulberry paper are appropriate to replace the imported celpads. Keywords: Mulberry paper; Celpad; Evaporative cooling

2 64 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4.8 (, 2547) ก ก ก ก ก 27 o C 43 o C (Maneewan & Zeghmati, 2004) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก o C ก 50% (, 2542) ก (evaporative cooling system) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (cooling pad; celpad) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Al-Sulaiman (2001) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Al-Sulaiman, 2001) (2547) ก ก ก ก ก 70:30 ก ก g/m mm g/cm Nm2/g ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก celpad ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก กก ( ) ก ( ) ก ก ก (689 4 ก... ก) ก ก ก ( 1)

3 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) 65 ÃÙ» Õè 1 Ñ鹵͹ Òà Óà¹Ô¹ ÒÃÈÖ ÉÒ 1. ¾Ô ÒóÒâ à ÊÃŒÒ Í ÃÐ ÒÉ ŒÇÂ ÅŒÍ ØÅ ÃÃȹ ÍÔàÅç µãí¹áººê Í ÃÒ (scanning electron microscope; SEM) ໚¹ Òà Ùâ à ÊÃŒÒ Í àꜹãâáåð¾ é¹¼ôç Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ 2. ËÒ¹éÓË¹Ñ Áҵà ҹ Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ (µòááòµã Ò¹ ISO536:1995) â 嵄 ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ ¹Ò 20 cm x 25 cm ӹǹ 12 ªÔé¹ àµãõâááåðªñè ÃÐ ÒÉã¹ÊÀÒÇÐ ÇÒÁ ѹºÃÃÂÒ ÒÈ ªÑè ªÔé¹ ÊͺᵠÅЪÔé¹ Ó¹Ç¹ 5 ÃÑé ºÑ¹ Ö ÒÁÇÅ Õèä Œ áåðëò Òà ÅÕè ҹéÓË¹Ñ Áҵà ҹ 3. ËÒ ÇÒÁ˹ÒáÅÐ ÇÒÁ˹Òá¹ ¹ Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ (µòááòµã Ò¹ ISO534:1988) â Â㪌 ÃÐ ÒÉ ªØ à ÕÂÇ Ñº Òà Êͺ¹éÓË¹Ñ Áҵà ҹ µñ ªÔé¹ ÊͺãËŒÁÕ ¹Ò 20 cm x 25 cm ӹǹ 12 ªÔé¹ ÇÑ ÇÒÁË¹Ò Í ÃÐ ÒÉ 8 µóáë¹ Ñ ÃÙ» Õè 2 ËÅÑ Ò ¹Ñé¹ Ó¹Ç³ËÒ Òà ÅÕèÂ Í ÇÒÁË¹Ò ÕèÇÑ ä Œ áåð Ò ÇÒÁ˹Òá¹ ¹ Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ 4. ËÒ ÒÊÁºÑµÔ Òà ٠«ÖÁ¹éÓ Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒâ ÂÇÔ Õ Í Íºº (µòááòµã Ò¹ ISO535:1991) â ÂàµÃÕÂÁ ªÔé¹ ÊͺãËŒÁÕ ¹Ò 10 cm x 10 cm ªÑè ªÔé¹ Êͺ ³ÐáËŒ ºÑ¹ Ö ÒËÅÑ Ò ¹Ñé¹áª ªÔé¹ Êͺ ã¹¹éó ÅÑè¹¹Ò¹ 2 ¹Ò Õ áåœç¼öè ä眻ãðáò³ 45 ÇÔ¹Ò Õ ªÑè ªÔé¹ Êͺ ³Ðà» Â ã¹à à èí ªÑè ÍÕ ÃÑé à»åõè⹪ôé¹ Êͺ ãëá áåœç᪠ªÔé¹ Êͺ㹹éÓ ÅÑè¹à»š¹àÇÅÒ 4, 6, 8, 10 ¹Ò Õ µòáåó Ѻ ËÒ Òà ÅÕèÂ Í ÁÇÅáËŒ áåðáçåà» Â Í ÃÐ ÒÉ Ó¹Ç³ Ò Òà ٠«ÖÁ¹éÓ Í ÃÐ ÒÉã¹Ë¹ Ç g/m2 5. ËÒ Ò ÇÒÁµŒÒ¹áÃ Ö Ò ÕèÊÀÒÇÐáËŒ áåðêàòçðà» Â Í ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ (µòááòµã Ò¹ ISO3781:1983) â 嵄 ÃÐ ÒÉÊÒ ¹Ò 1.5 cm x 14 cm ᪠ªÔé¹ Êͺ㹹éÓ 5 ¹Ò Õ à¹ èí Ò ªÔé¹ ÊͺÁÕ ÒµŒÒ¹áÃ Ö ¹ŒÍÂÁÒ Ñ ¹Ñé¹ Ö Êͺâ  ÒûÃÐ ºá¼ ¹ Êͺ ӹǹ 5 ªÔé¹ à¾ èí Õè ÐÊÒÁÒà ËÒ Ò ÇÒÁµŒÒ¹áÃ Ö Ò ä Œ áåœç¹ó仵ô µñé Ѻà à èí ÇÑ ÒµŒÒ¹ Ò¹áÃ Ö (tensile tester; HOUNSFIELD à ع H50K-S) ºÑ¹ Ö ÒáÃ Ö à ÅÕèÂ Í ÃÐ ÒÉ ÃÇÁ Ö ÒµŒÒ¹ Ò¹áà Ö

4 66 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) 6. ph ก o C 10 cm x 15 cm ก ก ph ก 25, 30, 35, o C ก ( ก ก ก ) 24 ก ก ph ก ก ก ก 2 ก ISO534:1988 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1 1 ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก (ก ) ก 3-4 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

5 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) 67 (ก) ก B1 ( ) ก C2 3 ก ก 4 ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก one-way-anova ก ก ก ก ก ก (p<0.01) ก (B0-B2) ก กก ก (A1-A3) (C1-C2) ก กก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก (, 2002) ก ก กก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก 5 ก ก กก ก ก A2 ก ก 462% A3 B1 413% 405% กก ก ก ก ก ก (-OH) ก ก ก ก ก

6 68 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) ก ก one-way-anova ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (p<0.01) ก ก ก 5 ก ก. R1 corrugated rigid cellulose (, 2548) R2 ก ( 2 ) R3 ก ( ก ก ) ก ก ก ก ก B1 ก kn/m kn/m ก C2 ก A3 ก kn/m kn/m ก one-way-anova ก ก ก ก ก (p<0.01) ก ก 6 ก กก ก ก ก ก (interfiber bonding) ก (-OH) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (swelling) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Bristow & Kolseth, 1986)

7 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) 69 B 6 ก (A) (B) ก

8 70 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) ph ก o C กก ก ph ก o C ph ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก 45 o C ( ) ph ก ph o C ph ก ph ph ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1 ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ( 1-3, A1-A3) ก ( 0-2, B0-B2) ก ก ( 1-2, C1-C2) ก 3 ก ก 0.01 ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก กก ก 3

9 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) 71 3 ก ก ก L (mm) W (g/m 2 ) ρ (kg/m 3 ) A (g,(%)) S 1 (kn/m) S 2 (kn/m) ,(389%) ( / ). L (mm); W ก (g/m 2 ); ρ (kg/m 3 ); A ก (g,%) S 1 (kn/m); S 2 ก (kn/m) ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก กก 402% 312% ก kn/m kn/m ก ph o C ก ก กก ก 8 / ( 55 cm x 80 cm)

10 72 Naresuan University Journal 2007; 15(2) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก.) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก. (2002). ก ก. ก , ก (2542). ก ก ก กก. :.,,, ก ก ก (2548, ). ก กก. ก ก ก ก 3:.. (2547). ก ก ก. 18 ก 2548, ก /rice_straw%20.pdf. ( ก ). ก ก OZONE CFC , ก Al-Sulaiman, F. (2001). Evaluation of the performance of local fibers in evaporative cooling. Energy Conversion and Management, 43, Bristow, J., & Kolseth, P. (1986). Paper structure and properties. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. Maneewan, S., & Zeghmati, B. (2004, July). A hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric roof solar collector. Paper presented at the 23 rd International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Adelaide Convention Centre, Australia.