gvwmk Avj-Aveivi The Monthly AL-ABRAR iwr: bs- 145 el -1, msl v-6 RyjvB 2012Bs, kvõevb 1433wn: cöwzôvzv I cöavb c ô cvlk dk xûj wgjøvz gydzx Ave`yi in

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1 gvwmk Avj-Aveivi The Monthly AL-ABRAR iwr: bs- 145 el -1, msl v-6 RyjvB 2012Bs, kvõevb 1433wn: cöwzôvzv I cöavb c ô cvlk dk xûj wgjøvz gydzx Ave`yi ingvb (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) cöavb m úv`k gydzx Avikv` ingvbx m úv`k gydzx wkdvqvzzjøvn kwdk wbe vnx m úv`k gvijvbv wiriqvb idxk Rgxivev`x mnkvix m úv`k gvijvbv gynv ` Av bvqvi nvmvbb weávcb cöwzwbwa gynv ` nv kg mvkz jkb g v brvi gvi: bvwmi DÏxb wewbgq: 15 (c bi) UvKv gvî cöpvi msl v - 10,000(`k nvrvi) hvmv hvm m úv`bv `dzi gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k eøk-ww, dk xûj wgjøvz iyx, emyüiv Av/G, XvKv dvb: , B- gbj: monthlyalabrar@gmail.com I qf : m úv`bv welqk Dc `óv gydzx Rvgvj DÏxb gydzx Gbvgyj nk Kv mgx gydzx gvng~`yj nk gydzx gynv ` mynvbj gydzx Avãym mvjvg gvijvbv nviæb gydzx idxkyj Bmjvg Avj-gv`vbx gydzx RvÕdi Avjg Kv mgx m~pxcî m úv`kxq... 2 cweî Kvjvgyjøvn _ K... 6 cweî mybœvn _ K... 9 `i m wdk n gydzx kv n` ingvbx gvjd~hv Z dkxûj wgjøvz nv dr gvijvbv Ggivb gvwë j fj gv K wus- kixq Zi ` wó Z gydzx Gbvgyj nk Kv mgx Ávb I Bjg : GKwU ch v jvpbv gvijvbv KvRx drjyj Kwig gvevik nv gv n igvrvb gvijvbv Av bvqvi nvmvbb Zvmnx n KziAv bi Acwinvh Zv gvijvbv K vix RmxgyÏxb mvwq ` ûmvbb Avng` gv`vbx (in.) Avey bvcg gydzx gycbyïxb wrávmv I kiqx mgvavb kiqx weavb cwicvj b wdkn kv i Awbevh Zv gvijvbv gydzx gvm~g cök Z Bjg AR bi Pvi g~jbxwz gvijvbv ûhvqdv ` Ívbfx D`xqgvb Kv djv Zvivbv LeivLei gvevbj: cöavb m úv`k: , m úv`k: , wbe vnx m úv`k: mnkvix m úv`k: weávcb cöwzwbwa: mvkz jkb g v brvi : gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 1

2 m úv ` Kx q AvZ ïw ev ZvhwKqv q bvdm Qvov mdjzv m e bq Ô R b i Lv, gvby li ` ni g a GK LÐ gvskwcð Av Q, hlb Zv ms kvwaz nq, ZLb mgmö `n ms kvwaz n q hvq Avi hlb Zv `~wlz nq, ZLb mgmö `nuvb `~wlz n q hvq g b i Lv muvb K je Õ ( evlvix I gymwjg kixd 3/1220 nv`xm bs 1599) AvZ ïw ev ZvhwKqv q bvdm-gi A_ n jv AvZ v K cwi Qbœ I cweî Kiv evwn K wel qi b vq AvwZ Kfv ei AmsL cw¼jzv we` gvb evwn K wel q hgb hbv, my`-nyl, g` cvb, Pzwi, WvKvwZ, ivnrvbx, `yb xwz, Lyb-Lvivwe, MxeZ BZ vw` cvc I nvivg KvR Zgwb AvwZ Kfv ei gvby li A bk nvivg welq I cvc cw¼jzv i q Q hgb evwn K wel q h jv cvc AšÍ i m jvi wpšív Kiv, cwikíbv KivI cvc Gi evb ii wkwei, DRe, wiqv, eymr Z_v AnsKvi, AvZ MŠie, jvk `Lv bvi wbq vz, wnsmv, we Øl, cöe wëi wewfbœ A ea Pvwn`v, e` gvbx BZ vw` BZ vw` AšÍi ev Kj ei cvc cw¼jzv h nzz gvby li evwn K h Kv bv Kv Ri g~j cwikík Kje, bdm ev AvZ v m Kvi Y evwn K Avgj Z_v bvgvh ivrv, nr, hvkvz BZ vw` kiqx weavbvewj hgb gvbyl K cvjb Ki Z nq, Z`ªæc wpšív RM Zi cvc cw¼jzv we`~wiz K i m j BLjvm, ZvKIqv, mei, kvki BZ vw` AR bi Rb I kixq Zi iƒnvbx weavb cvjb Ki Z nq m weavbvewji PP v Ges mg Z Avgj Kivi bvgb n jv AvZ ïw bex Kixg (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) K `ywbqv Z cöi Yi h mkj D Ïk m ú K cweî KziAv b úó ey bv Kiv n q Q m jvi g a ZvhwKqv q bvdm ev AvZ ïw I GKwU ^Zš gyl welq Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv cweî KziAv b Bikv` K ibñ ÒwZwb Zv `i K Avcbvi wkzve ZjvIqvZ K i kvbv eb Avi Zv `i K wkzve I wnkgz wkÿv ` eb Ges Zv `i ZvhwKqv Z_v AvZ ïw Ki eb Ó(m~iv evkviv 129) gvby li mg Í Kv Ri g~j cwikík K je- AvZ v K wbqš Y K ib ^qs Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv gvby li AšÍ ii me welq ` Lb, me welq m ú K Ávb iv Lb Z e Avjøvn cvk `L Z Pvb IB jv Ki AšÍi Kvb w` K avwez n Q? fv jvi w` K, bvwk Lvivwei w` K m hw` AšÍ i Lvivc wbq vz i L evwn Kfv e h Kv bv fv jv KvRI K i Avjøvni Kv Q Zv Keyj nq bv eylvix kix di me cö_g nv`xmñ ÒAvg ji g~j wfwë wbq v Zi Ici Ó A_ vr Kv bv fv jv AvgjI Keyj niqv bv niqv wbq v Zi Ici wbf ikxj Zvn j evsv hvq gvby li evwn K Avgj Keyj niqv bv niqvi mv _ AvZ vi cwiïw B me P q iæz c~y K je ev g bvrm Zi Zzjbvq gvby li evwn K Avg ji cwiwa AZ ší m¼zwpz gvbyl GK wgwb U evwn K hv Avgj Ki Z cv i Zvi AmsL Y ewk fve Z cv i g bvrmz, wpšívrmz, bvdm, K j ei GB wekvj RMZ K h GKgvÎ Avjøvn I im~ ji (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Rb wbqš Y wb q Avm Z cv i m `ywbqv I Av Liv Z mdjkvg n Z cv i m mywbqwš Z wpšívkxj e w³ivb cv i `ywbqv Z kvwší I k Ljv cöwzôv Ki Z m mywbqwš Z wpšívkxj e w³ivb `ywbqv Z mkj fv jvkvr nk c _ AvÄvg w` Z cv i g~jz GB wbqš Y KB e j AvZ ïw ev ZvhwKqv G `i Rb i q Q `ywbqv Av Liv Z AmsL wbqvg Zi NvlYv cweî KziAv b Avjøvn cvk Bikv` K ibñ gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 2

3 Ò w b ð q m m djkvg h AvZ v K cwi Qbœ K i Q Ó(m~iv q kvgm 9) mw`b (wkqvg Zi w`b) A_ m ú` Ges mšívb-mšíwz Kv bv Kv R Avm e bv; m e w³ e ZxZ h my ev cwi Qbœ K je wb q Avjøvni Kv Q Avm e (m~iv ïõaviv 88-89) h Avjøvni cöwz wek vm K i, wzwb Zvi AšÍi K mrc_ cö`k b K ib (m~iv-avz ZvMveyb-11) Zv `i K j e (AšÍi ev g b) Avjøvn Cgvb K wba vwiz K i w` q Qb (m~iv gyrv`vjvn-22) wkš Avjøvn Zvgv `i K j e (AšÍi ev g b) Cgv bi gynveÿz m wó K i w` q Qb Ges Zv ü`qmövnx K i w` q Qb (m~iv-ûryivz-7) hviv Cgvb`vi, Zviv Ggb h, hlb Avjøvni bvg bqv nq ZLb fxz n q c o Zv `i K je (AšÍi ev gb) (m~iv-avbdvj-2) AZtci Avjøvn hv K c_cö`k b Ki Z Pvb, Zvi eyk Bmjv gi Rb D y³ K i `b Ges hv K wec_mvgx Ki Z Pvb, Zvi eyk mskxy AZ wak mskxy K i `b, Zvi Kv Q Bmjvg AbymiY AvKv k Av ivn Yi g ZvB `ytmva n q c o hviv wek vm K i bv Avjøvn Zv `i K GB iƒ c jvwãz K ib (m~iv-avbavg-125) miƒc hv `i AvZ v cwiï bq ev niqvi Kv bv m vebv bb Zv `i e vcv i Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Bikv` K ibñ g~jz Pÿz Zv AÜ nq bv, e Z K jeb (AšÍiB) AÜ nq (m~iv-nv¾-46) gvni Gu U `qv n q Q Zv `i K je (AšÍi) mg~ ni Ici e Z Zviv ev S bv (m~iv-avz-zviev-87) Avi Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv gvni Gu U w` q Qb Zv `i K je (AšÍi ev gb) mg~ n e Z Zviv Rvb ZI cv iwb (m~iv-avz-zviev-93) e Z Avwg gvni Gu U w` qwq Zv `i K je (AšÍi ev gb) mg~ ni Ici Kv RB Giv ïb Z cvq bv (m~iv-avivd-100) cweî nvw`m kix d Av Q, Ò R b i Lv, gvby li ` ni g a GK LÐ gvskwcð Av Q, hlb Zv ms kvwaz nq, ZLb mgmö `n ms kvwaz n q hvq Avi hlb Zv `~wlz nq, ZLb mgmö `nuvb `~wlz n q hvq g b i Lv muvb K je Ó( evlvix I gymwjg kixd 3/1220 nv.bs 1599) im~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ibñ ÒwbðqB Avjøvn Zvgv `i kixi ev AvK wzi w` K ZvKvb bv, eis wzwb Zvgv `i K j ei (gb ev AšÍi) w` KB ZvKvb Ó AZtci im~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) K je K `Lv bvi Rb ^xq AvOzj Øviv wb Ri ey Ki w` K Bkviv Ki jb (gymwjg kixd 4/1987 nv. bs 2564) im~ j cvk (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Av iv e jb, Ôgvby li K je Avjøvn cv Ki AZyjbxq I A jšwkk `yb AvOz ji gvslv b wzwb AšÍi mg~n K (K je) hgb B Qv Zgwb K i `b Ó Avjø vn ZvÕAvjvi Kv Q `yõav Kivi mgq im~ j cvk(mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) ej Zb, Ò n AšÍ ii (K je) AveZ b I weez bkvix Avjøvn! Zywg Avgv `i K je K Zvgvi AbyMvgx K i `vi Ó K je m ú K im~ j cvk (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Av iv e jb, ÒK je n jv mg Í A½-cÖZ ½i ev`kv Ó ( gikvz 5g LÐ, c ôv-62) Ab GK nvw` m Av Q, gvbyl hlb Kv bv cvc KvR K i ZLb Zvi K j ei g a Kvwj c o hvq Ab nvw` m Av Q, kqzvb cöwzwu gvby li K j ei g a nuvuy M o e m _v K hlb m whwki ïiæ K i ZLb m cvwj q hvq Avevi hlb Avjøvni whwki _ K Mv dj nq ZLb kqzvb Avevi K j e wd i G m IqvmIqvmv (Kygš Yv) w` Z _v K K qkwu KziAv bi AvqvZ I nv`xm kixd GLv b D jøl Kiv n jv hv _ K evsv hvq, gvby li K j ei ivrz wekvjvqzb, K j ei cwi QbœZv Avjøvni ˆbKU jv fi gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 3

4 gvÿg c_, K j ei Acwi QbœZv gvbyl K Kzdix ch ší wb q hvq BZ vw` welq G Kvi Y Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv bex (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) K gvby li K je ev AšÍ ii cwiïw i Rb I cvwv q Qb K j ei cwiïw i A_ n jv hvezxq kqzvwb IqvmIqvmv, cvk-cw¼jzv K je _ K `~i K i Cgvb, BLjvm, mei, kvkimn hvezxq fv jv wpšív K K j e vb `Iqv m jvi IciB AšÍi cwipvwjz niqv bex Kixg (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) mvnvev q Kivg K me vwak AvZ ïw i wkÿv w` Zb bex (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Gi cöwzwu wkÿvq AvZ ïw wbwnz i q Q cweî KziAvb bvwhj Kiv n q Q Avjøvn fxiæ gvby li n`vqvz ^iƒc ZvKIqv ejv nq Lv`vfxwZ K m fxwzi m úk K j ei mv _ Lv`vfxwZ cökvk cvq Avg ji gva g Cgvb Ges Bmjv gi c~e kz n jv bvdm ev AvZ v K wbqš Y Kiv Avjøvn e ZxZ me wkqz _ K AšÍi K wdwi q G b Avjøvni mv _ Ry o `qv Zvn j evsv hvq, AvZ ïw Cgv bi mv _ m úk, ZvKIqvi mv _ m úk, Avgj mwvk niqvi mv _ m úk, Avgj Keyj niqvi mv _ m úk, Avjøvni ˆbKU jv fi mv _ m úk BZ vw` me wgwj q GK K_vq ejv hvq, `ywbqv Av Liv Z mdjkvg niqvi Rb Ab Zg c_ n jv AvZ vi cwiïw, AvZ vi cwi QbœZv, AvZ vi cweîzv GB AvZ ïw Z_v ZvhwKqv q bdm K Avgv `i cwifvlvq Ava vwz K mvabv ejv nq ZvmvDd, ZixKZ, myjyk Ges Bnmvb BZ vw` kã jv GKB A_ Z_v AvZ ïw i c _i A _ e eüz nq Bgvg, gyrzvwn` I gynvwïmmy hgb gvby li ˆ`bw `b Rxe bi hvezxq Rv nix welq I Avgj KziAvb I nv`xm _ K mskjb K i gymjgvb `i myweav _ myweb Í AvKv i Dc vcb K i Qb, Zgwb ZvmvD di BgvgMY AvZ vi cwiïw i Rb KziAvb nv`xm _ K wewfbœ welq mskjb K i myweb Í AvKv i Dc vcb K i Qb Rv nix Bjg AR bi Rb hgb Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdk ni AmsL wkzvev`x jlv n q Q iƒnvbx Bjg AR bi Rb I eû wkzvev`x jlv n q Q Rv nix Bjg AR b Ki Z hgb D Ív `i mvwbœ a em Z nq, Zgwb Ava vwz K wkÿvi Rb I D Ív `i myne Z mgq w` Z nq Kv bv ai bi Bjg D Ív` e ZxZ AR b Kiv hvq bv Rv nix Bj gi D Ív`Mb K Íi wn m e hgb GK GKUv Dcvwa Z f wlz Kiv nq, miƒc iƒnvbx Bj gi D Ív` `i KI wewfbœ Dcvwa `Iqv nq evwn K Bj gi D Ív` K ejv nq D Ív`, wkÿk, cöwkÿk, ejv nq Bmjvgx wpšívwe`, gynvwïm, kvqlyj nv`xm, m`iæj gy`vi imxb, evsjv Z Aa vck, cöfvlk, W±i, jkpvivi Gme bvg n jv c`gh v`v, m vb BZ vw`wfwëk cwipvqk Zgwb Ava vwz K Bj gi D Ív` `i K wewfbœ bv g WvKv nq, cxi, kvql, Íi we k l MvDm, KzZze, Ave`vj BZ vw` Ava vwz K wkÿvq wewfbœ jvk wewfbœ Í ii K wzz AR b K i Zvi K wzz I mdjzvi Íi wn m e wfbœ wfbœ bvg ivlv n q Q h jvk h Í i cuš Q hvq Zv K m bv gb cwipq `qv nq nv`xm kixd, wdkn ev Ab vb wel q QvÎiv GKwU Í i cuš Q M j Zv K D Ív `i cÿ _ K AbygwZ `qv nq h, Zzwg GwUi hvm n qq, myzivs Zzwg GLb _ K Avgvi m~ Î Ab K nv`x mi wkÿv w` Z cvi e, Avgvi mb ` Zzwg Ab K kixq Zi gvmavjv ej Z cvi e Gfv e GRvhZ ev AbygwZ `qv nq Zgwb Ava vwz K wkÿvi ÿ Î G c _i QvÎMY GK GKwU we kl Í i cušqvi ci D Ív`MY Zv `i AbygwZ `b h, Zzwg Avgvi mb ` ev Avgvi m~ Î Ab K Ava vwz K wkÿv w` Z cvi e GwU K myjy Ki cwifvlvq LjvdZ ev BRvhZ cö`vb ejv nq GB n jv `ywbqv Z hym hym a i P j Avmv Bmjvgx wkÿvi wbqg c wz muv evwn K wkÿv nvk ev Ava vwz K wkÿv Bmjv gi BwZnv m GI `Lv hvq h, evwn K wkÿv I Ava vwz K wkÿv cövq mgvšíivjfv eb P j G m Q hvivb n vbx Av jg wq jb Zuviv Avevi Ava vwz K wkÿvqi DuPzgv bi D Ív` wq jb Zuviv hgb KziAvb nv`x mi Bjg wezi Y gymwjg D v ni g a Øx bi b~i Qwo q Qb, Zgwb Zuv `i iƒnvbx wkÿv Øviv cy iv D Z K Av jvwkz K i Qb hz w`b ch ší beex wkÿvi GB aviv Z_v evwn K wkÿvi cvkvcvwk Ava vwz K wkÿvi e vck PP v D Zi g a wqj, ZZ w`b gymjgvb `i kvb-gvb, B¾Z Aveªæ Ges KZ Z m ú~y iƒ c we` gvb wqj µgvš^ q AvZ ïw i c_ _ K gymjgvbmy m i hviqvq Zv `i Ava vwz K kw³, iƒnvbx w úªu n«vm cvq bxwz-ˆbwzkzvq wech q N U, gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 4

5 Cgv bi greyzx n«vm cvq, ZvIqv zj, mei, kvki BZ vw` Y µgvš^ q K g h Z _v K, gvu K_v Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi Bikv` Z_v ZvhwKqvKvix Ges KziAv bi fvlvq mȳ K j ei jvk hlb _ K n«vm c Z _v K ZLb _ K gymjgvb `i AatcZb Avi nq gymjgvbmy hw` bex (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi g~j wkÿv KziAvb nv`x mi wfwë Z AvZ ïw ev ZvhwKqv q bd mi Kv R AvZ wb qvm K i wb R `i gb I gbb K GKgvÎ Avjøvn I Zuvi im~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi Rb AevwiZ Ki Z mÿg nq BbkvAvjøvn gymwjg D vn AkvwšÍ I wech q _ K A bkvs k AwZ mn R iÿv c Z cv ib Zv Z Kv bv m `n bb Dcgnv ` k ZrKvjxb hz eo eo Djvgv q Kiv gi gnbz I kö gi gva g Avgv `i ch ší Bj g beex cuš Q Q Zuv `i mk j eo Ava vwz K e w³i wq jb Bj g beex I Ava vwz K RM Z hy Mi m ªvU nhiz gvijvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.)-gi evmv bi me kl cy ú gywndmmybœvn nhiz gvijvbv kvn Aveiviæj nk nk x (in.)-gi Ljxdv G ` ki kxl Av j g Øxb dk xûj wgjøvz nhiz gydzx Avãyi ingvb (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) evwn K wkÿvi cvkvcvwk Ava vwz K wkÿv PP vi Bmjvgx wkÿvi cök Z c wz AUzU ivlvi Rb Zuvi cöwzwôz gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k emyüivq Lv bkvn c wz Pvjy i L Qb Gi Aax b QvÎ `i Rb wbqwgz ZviexqvZx I AvZ ïw g~jk cövmövg hgb ev ÍevwqZ nq Zgwb cöwz Aviex gv mi kl mßv n welÿ `evi gvwmk Bmjvnx BRwZgv Ges cöwz wnrix e l iwedj AvIqvj gv mi cö_g mßv ni welÿ ` I Rygvevi Djvgv q Kiv gi Bmjvnx BRwZgv AbywôZ nq G Z ` ki cöz ší A ji gv`ivmvmg~ ni kz kz Djvgv q Kivg ZvhwKqv q bvdm I AvZ ïw g~jk wkÿv MÖn Yi Rb hvm w` q _v Kb cweî igrvb gvm AvZ ïw i Rb AZ ší iæz c~y gvm G gv m wmqvg mvabvi cvkvcvwk AvZ ïw i gnb Z Ask wb Z cvi j Avjøvni mvwbœa jv fi h D Ïk Zv mn R nvwmj nq ZvB nhiz dkxûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) 16 eqi _ K cöwz igrvb gv m Lv bkv n 15 w`be vcx we kl Gmjvnx BRwZgvi e e v K i G m Qb GB Gmjvnx BRwZgvqI ` ki cöz ší AÂj _ K Avmv kz kz Djvgv q Kivg hvm w` q _v Kb huv `i g a ` ki eo eo gydzxqv b Kivg, gynvwïm, gydvmwmi, gv`ivmvi gynzvwgg, bv h g ZvÕwjgvZ, wkÿk cögyl i q Qb Avevi Zv j e Gjg `i Rb Av qvrb Kiv nq we kl Zv`ixex Kvm Zv`ixex Kv m Zvmnx n KziAvb, bvû, mid, div K ev Zjv BZ vw` wel qi cvkvcvwk Zv `i ZviweqvZ I AvZ ïw i Rb I we kl e e v Kiv nq cöwzeqi cövq `o nvrv iii ewk Djvgv q Kivg I Qv Îi GB mgvmg kl iv Îi KvbœvKvwU, Avjøvni wrwk ii aÿwb, ZvRex` mnkv i KziAvb ZjvIqvZ Ges Bmjvnx wewfbœ eqv b hb cy iv gvikvh K gylwiz K i gymwjg D v ni Ava vwz K kw³i g~j PvwjKvkw³ ZvhwKqv q bvd mi wkÿv cöwkÿy _ K D vn K `~ i V j `Iqvi Rb wewfbœ lohš n q Q Ges n Q ^qs gymjgvb `i g a B Ggb jvk ˆZwi Kiv n q Q hv `i cÿ _ K ejv nq AvZ ïw, myjyk ev ZvmvDd nv`x mi Kv_vq Av Q? Bmjv g ZvmvDd ev AvZ ïw ej Z wkqz bb BZ vw` Av ik cökvi n jv ZvhwKqv q bvd mi GB cweî wb jyl aviv K nq cöwzcbœ Kivi Rb Ggb wkqz jvk m wó Kiv n q Q, hviv AvZ ïw I ZvmvD di bv g wewfbœ we`õavz I wkwikx Kv Ri AvkÖq wb q _v Kb Av ikuv lohš g~jk øvmvy n jv gmwr` gv`ivmvi Pvi `qv j e m e m wk KvR n e? GB wpšív aviv ZB R bk evwzjcš x j LB djj, Òiv Z bvgvh w` b ivrv, bb Zv GLb mb mgq, bzzb mv R mvr i Zviv Ki Z n e wek Rq Ó bvdry wejøvn Av ik Rb AwZ Av emx e jb djj, ÒAvgiv wgwqj Kivi Rb iv Ívq b g MwQ Avi Avcbviv GLbI Avjøvni Kv Q mvnvh PvB Qb Ó bvdry wejøvn gymjgvb `i g~j Ava vwz K wkÿv _ K `~ i mwi q Ava vwz K kw³k~b Kiv Ges Zv `i K e ev`x evbv bvi `xn w` bi GB loh š i Kej _ K ^qs gymjgvb `i KB ewi q Avm Z n e m PZb n Z n e gymwjg D vn K Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Avgv `i mkj K AvZ ïw i gva g Ava vwz K kw³ AR b Kivi ZvDdxK `vb Kiæb Avgxb gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 5

6 cweî Kvjvgyjøvn kixd _ K D PZi Zvdmxi M elyv wefvm : gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k Ò1. gywgbmy mdjkvg n q M Q 2. hviv wb R `i bvgv h webq-b ª 3. hviv Ab_ K K_vevZ vq wbwj ß 4. hviv hvkvz `vb K i _v K 5. Ges hviv wb R `i hšbv½ K mshz iv L 6. Z e Zviv Zv `i x I gvwjkvbvfz³ `vmx `i ÿ Î mshz bv ivl j wzi Z n e bv 7. AZtci KD G `i Qvov Ab `i Kvgbv Ki j Zviv mxgvj NYKvix n e 8. Ges hviv AvgvbZ I A½xKvi m ú K ûuwkqvi _v K 9. Ges hviv Zv `i bvgvhmg~ ni Lei iv L 10. ZvivB DËivwaKvi jvf Ki e 11. Zviv kxzj Qvqvgq D` v bi DËivwaKvix jvf Ki e, Zviv Zv Z wpikvj _vk e ( m~iv AvjgyÕwgb~b AvqvZ 1-10) hlb im~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi cöwz Inx bvwhj nz ZLb gšgvwqi Ä bi b vq AvIqvR aÿwbz n Zv nhiz Dgi (iv.) e jb, GKw`b Zuvi Kv Q GgbB AvIqvR ï b m` cövß Inx köe Yi Rb Avgiv _ g Mjvg Inxi we kl Ae v mgvß n j im~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) GKwU `yõav cvv K i ej jb, GÿwY `kwu AvqvZ bvwhj n q Q KD hw` AvqvZ jv cy ivcywi cvjb K i m mvrv Rvbœv Z hv e Gici wzwb Dc ivwjøwlz `kwu AvqvZ cvv K i kvbv jb mvdj Kx, Kv_vq Ges wkiƒ c AR b Kiv hvq? mvdj kãwu KziAvb I nv`x m eûj cwigv Y e eüz n q Q Avhvb I GKvg Z ˆ`wbK cuvp evi cö Z K gymjgvb K mdjzvi w` K AvnŸvb Kiv nq Gi A_ cö Z K g bvevãv c~y niqv I cö Z K Kó `~i niqv ( Kvg~m) GB kãwu hgb mswÿß Zgwb mỳ ~icömvix A_ en Kv bv gvbyl Gi PvB Z ewk wkqz KvgbvB Ki Z cv i bv ejvevûj, GKwU g bvevãvi c~y bv _vkv Ges GKwU KóI Aewkó bv _vkv Giƒc c~y v½ mvdj jvf Kiv RM Z Kv bv gnr e w³i AvIZvaxb bq GB Ag~j m ú` Ab GK RM Z cviqv hvq hvi bvg RvbœvZ hgb Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv e jb, ÒZuviv hv Pvq Zv cv e Ó Z e AwaKvsk Ae vi w`k w` q mvdj Avjøvn Zuvi ev `v `i K `ywbqv ZI `vb K i _v Kb D jøwlz mdjzv AR bi Rb Avqv Z ewy Z mvzwu Y wy n Z n e Avqv Z D jøwlz mvzwu Y : me cö_g Y n Q Cgvb`vi niqv wkš GUv GKUv eywbqv`x I gšwjk welq weavq G K Avjv`v K i GLv b m mvzwu Y ey bv Kiv n q Q cö_g Y : bvgv h ÒLyïÓ Z_v webq-b ª niqv Lyïi AvwfavwbK A_ w izv kwiq Zi cwifvlvq Gi A_ AšÍ i w izv _vkv A_ vr Avjøvn Qvov Kv bv wkqzi Kíbv K AšÍ i B QvK Zfv e Dcw Z bv Kiv Ges A½-cÖZ ½I w izv _vkv A_ vr Ab_ K bov Pov bv Kiv we klz Ggb bovpov hv im~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) wb la K i Qb dkvnwe`my G ai bi bovpov Ôbvgv hi gvkiƒnmg~nõ wk ivbv g mwbœ ewkz K i Qb Zvdmx i gvhnvix Z Lyïi G msáv nhiz Avgi Be b `xbvi _ K ey bv Kiv n q Q c~y gywg bi wøzxq Y : Ab_ K welqvw` _ K weiz _vkv - Gi A_ Ab_ K K_v I KvR hv Z Kv bv ag xq DcKvi bb Gi A_ D P Í ii Mvbvn hv Z ag xq DcKvi Zv bb eis ÿwz we` gvb G _ K weiz _vkv IqvwRe DcKvi I ÿwz DfqwU bv _vkv Gi wb œ Íi G K er b Kiv b~ bc ÿ DËg I cöksmbxq im~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib : A_ vr gvbyl hlb Ab_ K welqvw` Z vm Ki e ZLb Zvi Bmjvg mš `h gwðz nq G Kvi YB Av jvp Avqv Z G K Kv gj gywgb `i we kl Y mve Í Kiv n q Q Z Zxq Y hvkvz : hvkvz-gi AvwfavwbK A_ cweî Kiv cwifvlvq gvu A_ m ú `i GKwU we kl Ask wkqz kz mn `vb Kiv K hvkvz ejv nq KziAv b cv K GB kãwu mvaviyz GB cvwifvwlk A _ e eüz n q Q Av jvp Avqv Z GB A_ I D Ïk n Z cv i G Z m `n Kiv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 6

7 nq h, AvqvZwU g vq AeZxY g vq hvkvz dir nqwb g`xbvq wnri Zi ci dir n q Q Be b KvQxi cögyl Zvdmxiwe` `i cÿ _ K Gi DËi GB h, hvkvz g v ZB dir n q wm qwqj m~iv gyrv j g vq AeZxY mevb Gwel q GKgZ GB m~iv ZI Gi mv _ D jøl Kiv n q Q wkš mikvwi ch v q hvkvz Av`vq Kivi e e vcbv Ges wbmve BZ vw`i we ÍvwiZ weeiy g`xbvq wnri Zi ci w i n q Q huviv hvkvz K g`xbvq AeZxY weavbvewji g a MY K i Qb Zuv `i D Ïk I ZvB huviv e jb, g`xbvq cušqvi cib hvkv Zi weavb AeZxY n q Q, Zuviv G j hvkvz k ãi mvaviy AvwfavwbK A_ cweî Kiv wb q Qb Avqv Z GB A _ i cöwz Av iv Bw½Z i q Q mvaviyz KziAv b cv K hlv b dir hvkv Zi D jøl Kiv n q Q mlv b, Z_v I ejv n q Q GLv b kã cwiez b K i ejv _ K Bw½Z cviqv hvq h, GLv b cvwifvwlk A_ evsv bv nqwb G Qvov kãwu ^ZùzZ fv e (KvR) Gi mv _ m úk iv L cvwifvwlk hvkvz bq eis A_ Kwoi GKUv Ask PZz_ Y hšbv½ K nvivg _ K ndvrz Kiv : Òhviv x I kixqzm Z `vmx `i Qvov me ci bvix _ K hšbv½ K mshz iv L Ges GB `yb köyxi mv _ kixq Zi wewa gvzv ek Kvg cöe wë PwiZv_ Kiv Qvov Ab Kv iv mv _ Kvb A ea cš vq Kvgbv evmbv c~y Ki Z cöe Ë nq bv Avqv Zi k l ejv n q Q : Òhviv kixq Zi wewa gvzv ek x A_ev `vmx `i mv _ Kvgbv evmbv c~iy K i, Zviv wzi Z n e bv G Z Bw½Z Av Q h, GB cö qvrb K cö qvr bi mxgvq ivl Z n e Rxe bi g~j j ÿ cwiyz Kiv hv e bv A_ vr GwU Giƒc KvR h, KD Giƒc Ki j m wzi vi hvm n e bv ÒweevwnZ x A_ev kixqz m Z `vmxi mv _ kixq Zi wewa gvzv ek Kvgbv evmbv c~y Kiv Qvov Kvg cöe wë PwiZv_ Kivi Avi Kv bv c_ nvjvj bq hgb whbv miƒc nvivg bvix K weevn KivI whbvi ûkyg Abyiƒc x A_ev `vmx `i mv _ nv qh bdvm Ae vq mnevm Kiv A_ vr Kv bv evjk wksev RxeRš i mv _ Kvg cöe wë PwiZv_ Kiv m ú~y wbwl I nvivg AwaK msl K Zvdmxiwe `i g Z n Í g_ybi Gi AšÍf y³ (eqvbyj KziAvb, KziZzex I Zvdmx i gynxz) câg Y AvgvbZ cöz vc b Kiv : ÒAvgvbZ k ãi AvwfavwbK A _ Ggb cö Z KwU welq kvwgj, hvi `vwqz Kv bv e w³ enb K i Ges m wel q Kv bv e w³i Ici Av v vcb I fimv Kiv nq Gi AmsL cökvi Av Q weavq G kãwu g~j avzz niqv m Ë I G K eûepb e envi Kiv n q Q hv Z hvezxq cökvi Gi AšÍf y³ n q hvq ûkzkzjøvn Z_v Avjøvni nk m úwk Z AvgvbZ nvk wksev ûkzkzj Bev` Z_v ev `vi nk m úwk Z nvk Avjøvni nk m úwk Z AvgvbZ n Q kixqz Av ivwcz mkj dir I IqvwRe cvjb Kiv Ges hvezxq nvivg I gvkiƒn _ K AvZ iÿv Kiv ev `vi nk m úwk Z Avgvb Zi g a Avw_ K AvgvbZ h AšÍf y³ Zv mywewaz, A_ vr KD Kv iv Kv Q UvKv cqmv Mw QZ ivl j Zv Zvi AvgvbZ cöz vc Y Kiv ch ší Gi ndvrz Kiv Zvi `vwqz, G Qvov KD Kv bv Mvcb K_v Kv iv Kv Q ej j ZvI Zvi AvgvbZ kixqzm Z AbygwZ e wz i K Kv iv Kv bv Mvcb Z_ duvm KivI Avgvb Zi LqvbZ Kivi AšÍf y³ Kg Pvix K Awc Z Kv Ri Rb cvi úwik mg SvZv µ g h mgq wba viy Kiv nq mb KvR h_vmg q m úbœ Kiv Kg Pvixi wbku AvgvbZ Ab _vq wek vmnvzkzv n e G Z evsv Mj h, AvgvbZ Gi ndvrz I Zvi nk Av`vq Kivi welqwu AZ ší mỳ ~icömvix A_ enb K i lô Y A½xKvi c~y Kiv : A½xKvi ej Z cö_gz wøcÿxq Pzw³ evsvq, hv Kv bv e vcv i Dfq cÿ ci ú ii Rb Acwinvh K i bq Giƒc Pzw³ c~y Kiv dir Ges Ljvd Kiv wek vmnvzkzv, cözviyv Kiv nvivg wøzxq cökvi A½xKvi K Iqv`v ejv nq A_ vr GKZidvfv e GKRb Ab Rb K wkqz `qvi A_ev Ab R bi Kv bv KvR K i `qvi Iqv`v Kiv Giƒc Iqv`v c~y KivI kixq Zi AvB b Riæwi I IqvwRe A_ vr Iqv`v GK cökvi nv`xm kix d ewy Z Av Q FY FY Av`vq Kiv hgb IqvwRe Zgwb Iqv`v c~y KivI IqvwRe kixqz m Z Dhi e ZxZ Gi Ljvd Kiv Mvbvn Dfq cökvi A½xKv ii g a cv_ K GB h, cö_g cökvi A½xKvi c~y Kivi Rb cöwzcÿ Av`vjv Zi gva gi eva Ki Z cv i wkš GK Zidv Iqv`v c~y Kivi Rb Av`vj Zi gva g eva Kiv hvq bv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 7

8 mßg Y bvgv h hzœevb niqv : bvgv h hzœevb niqvi A_ bvgv hi cve `x Kiv Ges cö Z K bvgvh gv Ívnve Iqv ³ Av`vq Kiv (iƒûj gvõavbx) GLv b kãwu eûepb e envi Kiv n q Q KviY GLv b Iqv ³i cve `x mnkv i Av`vq Kiv D Ïk ïiæ Z bvgv hi K_v D jøl Kiv n q Q wkš mlv b bvgv h webq I b ª niqvi K_v ejv D Ïk wqj ZvB mlv b GKePb e envi Kiv n q Q A_ vr IqvwRe nvk wksev mybœvz ev bdj h bvgvhb nvk Gi cövy n Q webq I b ªZv ev Lyï Lyh~ wpšív Ki j `Lv hvq, D jøwlz mvzwu Yi g a hvezxq cökvi Avjøvni nk I ev `vi nk Ges G-mswkøó me wewaweavb cöweó n q M Q h e w³ Gme Y Yvwš^Z n q hvq Ges G Z AUj _v K m Kv gj gywgb Ges BnKv j I cikv j mvd j i nk `vi GLv b G welq cöwyavb hvm h, GB mvzwu Yi K_v Avi Kiv n q Q bvgvh Øviv Ges kli Kiv n q Q bvgvh Øviv Zv GK_vi Bw½Z enb K i h, h e w³ wbqgbxwz mnkv i bvgv hi cve `x Ki e Aewkó Y jv Avcbv-Avcwb Zvi AšÍ i m wó n Z _vk e D jøwlz Y Yvwš^Z jvk `i K GB Avqv Z RvbœvZzj di`vd mi AwaKvix ejv n q Q Zv _ K evsv hvq, g Z e w³i m úwë hgb DËivwaKvixi gvwjkvbvq Avmv Awbevh, Zgwb Gme Y Yvwš^Z e w³ `i Rvbœv Z cö eki mywbwðz ev K mdjkvg e w³ `i Yvewj cy ivcywi D jøl Kivi ci GB ev K Av iv Bw½Z Av Q h, c~y v½ mvdj I cök Z mvd j i vb RvbœvZB m~î : gvõav idzj KziAvb, evn i gynxz, KziZzex, eqvbyj KziAvb, gvhnvix I iƒûj gvõavbx gvwmk Avj-Aveiv ii MÖvnK I G R U niqvi wbqgvewj G R U niqvi wbqg * Kgc ÿ 10 Kwci G RwÝ `qv nq * 20 _ K 50 Kwc ch ší 1wU, 50 _ K 100 ch ší 2wU, AvbycvwZK nv i mšrb Kwc `qv nq * cwîkv wfwcgj-g cvvv bv nq * Rjv wfwëk G R U `i cöwz Kzwiqv i cwîkv cvvv bv nq jb `b AbjvB bi gva g Kiv hv e * 20% Kwgkb `qv nq * G R U `i _ K AMÖxg ev RvgvbZ bqv nq bv * G R U MY h Kvb mgq cwîkvi msl v e w K i AW vi w` Z cv ib MÖvnK niqvi wbqg evwl K Pvù vi nvi `k mva.wvk iwr.wvk # evsjv `k # mvk fz³ `kmg~n # ga cövp # gvj qwkqv, wm½vcyi, B `v bwkqv # BD ivc, A ªwjqv # Av gwikv eQ ii wb P MÖvnK Kiv nq bv MÖvnK Pvù v gwb AW vi, mivmwi Awd m ev AbjvBb e vs Ki gva g cvvv bv hvq m vwbz MÖvnK `i ÁvZv _ Rvbv bv hv Q h, iwrw ª WvKB mkj MÖvn Ki Rb DËg KviY mvaviy Wv K A bk mgq wvkgz cwîkv cuš Q bv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 8

9 cweî mybœvn _ K D PZi nv`xm M elyv wefvm : gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k Zvivexni bvgvh wek ivkõavzb co Z n e Zvivexni bvgvh : im~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) igvrvb gv m me `v wb R Zvivexni bvgvh Av`vq K i Qb Ges mvnvev q Kivg (iv.) K covi Rb Drmvn RywM q Qb Avi KLbI KLbI mvnvev q Kivg K wb q im~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) RvgvÕAv Zi mv _I Zv Av`vq K i Qb nv`x mi cöwm Qq wkzvemn A bk wkzv e mnxn mb ` eûmsl K nv`xm Øviv welqwu cögvwyz Zvivexni bvgvh wek ivkõavz : nhiz Dgi (iv.)-gi LjvdZKv j Zuvi wb ` k mkj mvnvexi HK g Zi wfwë Z RvgvÕAv Zi mv _ wek ivkõavz Zvivexni bvgvh Av`v qi wbqgzvwš K Avgj ïiæ nq bex (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi AvgjI wek ivkõavz wqj e j MÖnY hvm nv`x mi gva g cögvwyz bex (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ibñ Ò Zvgiv Avgvi mybœvz I Avgvi n`vqvz cövß LjxdvM Yi mybœvz K AvK o ivl e G K Aej ^b Ki e Ges gvwoi `uvz w` q cövycy K i Kvg o ivl e Ó (Rv g wziwghx 5/43(2673), mybv b Avey `vd` 5/14 (4607) G Kvi YB mvnvev q Kiv gi hym _ K GLb ch ší mgmö c w_ex Z wek ivkõavz ZvivexnB Av`vq Kiv n q Avm Q Bmjv gi GB `xn BwZnv m Gi e wzµg Kv bv mgq nqwb wek ivkõavz Zvivexn gvid nv`xm Øviv cögvwyz : ÒnhiZ Be b AveŸvm (iv.) _ K ewy Z, im~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) igvrv b wek ivkõavz Zvivexn Ges wewzi Av`vq Ki Zb (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 2/393 nv`xm bs 7774, Zveivbx-Kvexi 11/393 nv`xm bs 12102, evqnvkx-mybv b Kzeiv nv`xm bs 4615) Lyjvdv q iv k`x bi mybœvz : nhiz Dgi (iv.)-gi hy M ZvivexnÑ 1. nhiz mv qe Be b Bqvhx` (iv.) _ K ewy Z, wzwb e jbñ ÒnhiZ Dgi Bebyj LvËve (iv.)-gi kvmb Avg j mvnvev q Kivg igvrvb gv m wek ivkõavz co Zb Ó (gymvbœv d Avãyi ivhhvk 4/261 nv. bs 7733) 2. nhiz BqvnBqv Be b mvc` Avj Avbmvix (in.)-gi ey bvñ ÒnhiZ Dgi (iv.) R bk mvnvex K wb ` k w` qwq jb mvnvex `i wb q wek ivkõavz co Z Ó (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 2/393 nv. bs 7764) 3. Zv eqx Avãyj Avhxh Be b iædvb (in.) e jbñ ÒnhiZ DevB Be b KvÕe (iv.) igrvb gv m g`xbv kix d jvk `i K wek ivkõavz cov Zb Ges wzb ivkõavz wewzi cov Zb Ó (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 2/393 nv. bs 7766) 4. nhiz Bqvhx` Be b iægvb (iv.) ey bv K ibñ ÒnhiZ Dgi Bebyj LvËve (iv.)-gi hy M jv Kiv igvrv b ZBk ivkõavz bvgvh co Zb Ó (gyavëv gv jk 1/114) 5. nhiz nvmvb emix (in.) ey bv K ibñ ÒnhiZ Dgi Bebyj LvËve (iv.) gvbyl `i K DevB (iv.)-gi wcq b GKwÎZ Ki jb AZtci wzwb Zv `i K wb q wek ivkõavz Av`vq Ki Zb Ó (Avey `vd` 1/202) nhiz Dmgvb (iv.)-gi hy M Zvivexn : 1. nhiz mv qe Be b Bqvhx` (iv.) e jbñ gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 9

10 Òmvnvex Zv ecmy Dgi (iv.)-gi hy M igvrv b wek ivkõavz co Zb Avi Zuviv Dmgvb (iv.)-gi hy M `xn ÿy `uvwo q _vkvi Kvi Y wb R `i jvwv Z fi K i _vk Zb (mybvbyj evbnvkx 2/496) (G Z evsv Mj nhiz Dmgvb (iv.)-gi hy MI wek ivkõavz Zvivexn n Zv Z e KivZ Lye j ^v n Zv nhiz Dmgvb (iv.) nhiz Dgi (iv.)-gi Av ` ki wecixz Kv bv Av `k `bwb) nhiz Avjx (iv.)-gi hy M Zvivexn : 1. Zv eqx Aveyj nvmvb (in.) e jbñ ÒnhiZ Avjx (iv.) GK e w³ K igvrv b jvk `i wb q wek ivkõavz covi Av `k w` q Qb Ó (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 2/393 nv. bs 7763) 2. Avãyi ingvb Avmmyjvgx nhiz Avjx (iv.) m ú K e jbñ ÒnhiZ Avjx (iv.) igvrv b nv dh `i K W K GKRb K jvk `i wb q wek ivkõavz bvgvh cov bvi Av `k w` jb Ó (mybvbyj evqnvkx 2/496) Ab vb mvnvexm Yi Avgj wek ivkõavz Zvivexn : 1. DevB Be b KvÕAve (iv.)-gi Avgj : Zv ec Avãyj Avhxh Be b iædvb e jb : Òmvnvex DevB Be b KvÕAve (iv.) igvrv b jvk `i wb q wek ivkõavz co Zb Gi ci wzb ivkõavz wewzi co Zb (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 2/393) nhiz Avãyjøvn Be b gvmd` (iv.)-gi Avgj : ÒAvÕgvk (in.) e jb, Avãyjøvn Be b gvmd` (iv.) igvrv b wek ivkõavz Ges wzb ivkõavz wewzi co Zb Ó (wkqvgyjøvbj gviiqvrx 91, Dg`vZzj K vix 8/246, nv. bs 2010) &G Qvov Ab mvnvexmy _ K ZvivexnÕi bvgvh wek ivkõavzb cögvwyz Kv bv GKRb _ KI AvU ivkõavz Zvivexni cögvy cviqv hvq bv Zv ecm Yi Avgj : 1. wewkó Zv ec nhiz myiqvb` Be b Mvdjvn (in.) -Gi Avgj : Aveyj Lvmxe (in.) e jb : ÒnhiZ myiqvb` web Mvdjvn Avgv `i wb q igvrv b BgvgwZ Ki Zb Avi wzwb cuvp Zviexnvn Z_v wek ivkõavz cov Zb Ó (GK Zviexnvn mgvb 4 ivkõavz) (Avmmybvbyj Kzeiv wjj evqnvkx 2/496) 2. nhiz ïzvbi web kvkvj (iv.)-gi Avgj : Avãyjøvn Be b Kv qm e jbñ ÒwZwb (ïzvbi) igvrv b wek ivkõavz Gi ci wewzi co Zb Ó (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 2/393) 3. nhiz Avãyjøvn Be b Avex gyjvbkvn (in.)-gi Avgj : nhiz bv dõ (in.) e jb : ÒBe b Avex gyjvbkv Avgv `i wb q igvrv b wek ivkõavz co Zb Avi GK ivkõav Z m~iv q dvwzi co Zb Ó (cöv ³) wek ivkõavz Zvivexni Ici BRgv q D Z : 20 ivkôavz Zvivexn& im~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi mgq _ K hym hym a i AbeiZ P j Avm Q we kl K i nhiz Dgi (iv:)-gi wljvdz Kv j Zvi ve xni bvgvh RvgvÔAvZe fv e covi cöwz iæzv ivc Kivi d j cweî g v-g`xbvmn Avie-AvRg Z_v cy iv `ywbqvq gymjgvb `i wbku G welquv e vck I mȳ úó n q hvq K qkwu Awbf i hvm wew Qbœ NUbv e ZxZ me ÎB gymjgvbiv 20 ivkôavz Zvivexn co Z _v K eis G Z me gynvwri I Avbmvi mvnvex Ges MvUv gymwjg D vni BRgv/HK gz msnwuz nq (wk qvgyj jvbj, gviiqvhx 90) 20 ivkôavz Zvivexni e vcv i Lyjvdv q iv k`xb Ges Ab mvnvexi Kv bv ai bi AvcwË Kv bv wkzv e D jøl bb cweî g v-g`xbvmn hym hym a i me ÎB 20 ivkôavz Zvivexni wbqg P j Avmv-B GB BRgvi (gymwjg D vni HK g Zi) D¾ j `wjj enb K i G jv K mvg b i L Bgvg Be b Avãyj evi (in.) wj L Qb : Ômvnvex nhiz DevB web KvÕAve (iv.) _ K GUvB gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 10

11 weï iƒ c cögvwyz, G Z mvnvexm Yi Kv bv gzv bk wqj bv ( gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvbev : 2/393/7688) cöl vz Bgvg gvjøv Avjx K vix (in.) wj L QbÑ ÒZvivexni bvgvh 20 ivkôav Zi Ici me mvnvev q Kiv gi BRgv (me m Z HK gz) msnwuz n q Q (wgikvz, ki n wgkkvz-3/346) eylvix kix di e vl vkvi Bgvg K vmzvjvbx (in.) wj L Qb : ÔnhiZ Dgi (iv.)-gi hy Mi Ae v cövq BRgv ev me m Z HK g Zi ch v q c o (Bikv`ym mvix ki n eylvix-3/426) Bgvg Be b Kz`vgv nv ^jx (in.) Zvui wel vz MÖš Avj gymbx Z wj Lb : ÒnhiZ Dgi (iv.) hv K i Qb Ges h wel q me mvnvev q wkivg IB mg q BRgv (me m Z HK ) n q Qb, Zv Abymi Yi ÿ Î me v cÿv MÖnY hvm I m e vëg welq Ó (Avj gymbx-1/167) Pvi gvhnv ei BgvgM Yi wbkui Zvivexni bvgvh wek ivkõavz : cöl vz gynvwïm Avjøvgv BDmyd webœyix (in.) wj Lb, Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) I nvbdx gvhnv ei mkj Bgvg, gynvwïm I dk xn, Bgvg gv jk (in.) Zuvi GK g Z, Bgvg kv dqx (in.) Ges Bgvg Avey `vd` (in.) cögy Li g Z wewz ii bvgvh wzb ivkõavz ev` w` q Zvivexni bvgvh wek ivkõavz `k mvjv g Ges cuvp ˆeV K (gvõavwidzm mybvb 5/542) wzwb Av iv e jb, ÒPvi Bgv gi g a I KD Zvivexni bvgvh wek ivkõav Zi K gi K_v e jbwb Ges Zvivexni bvgvh wek ivkõavz GwU Rgû i mvnvexii gvhnve (gvõavwidzm mybvb 5/543) wzwb Av iv e jb, Ò gvuk_v, Zvivexni bvgvh wek ivkõavz niqvi Ici mg Í D Z I BgvgMY GKgZ Zv Z Kv bv cökv ii wøgz bb (gvõavwidzmmybvb 5/545) nv`x m gvid, mvnvev q Kiv gi Avgj, mvnvev q Kiv gi BRgv, Zv eqx bi Avgj, Zv eqx bi BRgv, BgvgM Yi Avgj, BgvgM Yi BRgvmn `onvrvi eq ii BwZnvm GK_v cögvy K i h, igvrvb gv m gymjgvbmy me mgq Zvivexni bvgvh 20 ivkõavz Ges Gi mv _ wzb ivkõavz wewzi Av`vq K i Qb GB Avgj HK g Zi wfwë Z ev ÍevwqZ n q Avm Q mviv `ywbqvq myzivs GLb hw` KD GUv wb q wezk Ry o `q, wewfbœ weåvwšíg~jk cöpviyv Pvjvq Z e wbðq a i bqv hv e G Z Kv bv cökvi fv jv D Ïk bb Pkgvi RM Z hym hym a i wel vz I wek Í gneye AwÞK vj Kv. GLv b AZ vaywbk gwk bi mvnv h Pÿz cixÿv Kiv nq cvbkvix I LyPiv `kx we `kx Pkgv myjf g~ j wewµ Kiv nq 12 cvuzqvuzwj ivw, XvKv 1100 dvb : , MÖxb mycvi gv K U, MÖxb ivw, XvKv, 1215 dvb : gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 11

12 `i m wdk n `vwi`ª we gvp bi GKgvÎ Dcvq ÒhvKvZÓ Bmjvg Avjøvni wbku GKgvÎ g bvbxz ag Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv ev `vi Ici Cgvb Avbqb Kivi ci wewfbœ ai bi Bev`Z K avh K i w` q Qb Zb a wkqz Bev`Z Ggb, h jvi m úk gvby li kix ii mv _ hgb bvgvh, ivrv Gme Bev`Z K e`bx Bev`Z ejv nq Avevi wkqz Bev`Z Ggb i q Q, h jvi m úk ïay ev `vi nvjvj cš vq DcvwR Z m ú `i mv _, hgb hvkvz G ai bi Bev`Z K gvwj Bev`Z ejv nq Kv bv Kv bv Bev`Z GgbI i q Q h jv kixi Ges gvj Df qi mgwó Z n q _v K hgb : nr Av jvwpz wzb ai bi Bev`Zmg~ ni g a bvgv hi ci KziAvb nv`x mi Av jv K me vwak iyz c~y Bev`Z n jv DcvwR Z gv ji hvkvz cö`vb hvkv Zi kvwãk I kiqx e vl v : hvkv Zi kvwãk A_ GKvwaK cviqv hvq Zvi ga n Z eûj e eüz I cöwm K qkwu wb gœ Zz j aiv n jv cweîzv, e w ev µge w h nzz hvkv Zi gva g Aewkó gvj jv cweîzv, DbœwZ I e w jvf K i mrb hvkvz K hvkvz wn m e bvgkiy Kiv n q Q G Qvov hvkv Zi Av iv A bk A_ i q Q, A_ vr : cöksmv Kiv, eikz, DËg Y BZ vw` (AvÏyiiæj gylzvi Avjv mv`wi ivwïj gynzvi 2/256, dzûj K `xi 2/163, n`vqv 1/170, wdkûh hvkvz 1/37, Avj-evniæi iv qk 2/201) hvkv Zi kiqx e vl v : A_ vr Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi mš wó AR bi D Ï k kixqz KZ K wba vwiz gv ji GKvsk hvkvz cö`vbkvixi ^v_ /dv q`v K m ú~y fv e wew Qbœ K i nv kgx ev Zv `i AvRv`K Z Mvjvg e ZxZ Ab Kv bv gymjgvb `wi`ª e w³ K gvwjk evwb q `Iqv (Zvbexiæj Avemvi Avjv mv`wi ivwïj gynzvi 2/256, dvzviqv q AvjgMxix 1/170, gvrgvdj Avbnvi 1/284, Avjevniæi iv qk 2/201) hvkv Zi cökvi : hvkvz g~jz `yb cökviñ 1.gv ji hvkvz Av`vq Kiv dir 2.Rv bi hvkvz, hv Av`vq Kiv IqvwRe Avi Zv n jv Q`Kv q wdzi gv ji hvkv Zi cökvi : gv ji hvkvz K qk fv M wef³ 1. ^Y, i æcv Ges UvK v-cq m vi hvkvz 2. e emvwqk c Y i hvkvz 3. Mev`x cïi hvkvz 4. LwbR m ú `i hvkvz 5. ÿ Zi Drcvw`Z dm ji hvkvz Zv Avevi `yb fv M wef³ : K. ÒIkiÓ A_ vr gymwjg iv óª A e v b K v i x g y m j g v b ` i gvwjkvbvaxb Rwg bi Drcvw`Z dm ji hvkvz L. Ò LivRÓ A_ vr gymwjg iv óª A e v b K v i x A g y m w j g ` i gvwjkvbvaxb Rwg b Drcvw`Z dm ji gvmyj gydzx kv n` ingvbx we: `ª: AvR Ki `i m wdk n hvkv Zi cö_g cökvi A_ vr gv ji hvkv Zi Ici mswÿß Av jvkcvz Kiv n jv hvkvz KLb dih nq : weï gzvbyhvqx hvkvz wnri Zi c~ e g vq dir nq (dzûj Kv`xi 2/211, `i m wziwghx 2/395, gvõavwidzm mybvb 5/159) Z e bm v ei we ÍvwiZ e vl v g`xbv Z cö`vb Kiv nq kixq Z hvkv Zi Ae vb : hvkvz Bmjv gi iæz c~y GKwU Bev`Z h K qkwu gšwjk weav bi Ici Bmjv gi wfwë, hvkvz Zvi g a Ab Zg GKwU weavb bvgv hi c ib Zvi vb KziAv bi AmsL AvqvZ Ges nv`x Q hvkvz Av`vq Kivi wb ` k cö`vb Kiv n q Q myzivs hw` Kv bv e w³ hvkv Zi weavb K A ^xkvi K i Z e m Kv di Ges gyizv` e j MY n e (m~iv Avw ^qv AvqvZ 73, m~iv evk viv AvqvZ 43, m~iv jykgvb AvqvZ 4, eylvix kixd 1/187, Avj wnw `qv 1/170, Avj wdkûj Bmjvgx 2/735) U v : hvkvz Bmjv gi gšwjk GKwU gnvb Bev`Z G K U v g b Kiv m ú~y gyl Zv I AÁZvi kvwgj G `ywui g a we Íi cv_ K i q Q GKUz wpšív Ki jb úó n q hvq (AvÕc K gvmv qj AvIi DbKv nj 2/254, gvmv q j hvkvz 44) nkgz I D Ïk : hvkvz dir niqvi ÿ Î wkqz gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 12

13 nkgz I D Ïk i q Q gšwjk K qkwu nkgz I jÿ -D Ïk wb œiƒc : 1.abx Mwi ei gv S we` gvb ZdvZ `~ixkiy 2.AšÍi _ K Kvc Y i AcweÎZv Ges gnve vwa K `~i Kiv 3.`wi`ª Rb Mvô xi cöwz `i `i ewntcökvk Kiv 4.`y wzkvix `i nvz _ K Ges A b i e`bri _ K m ú` K ndvrz Kiv hgb im~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, A_ vr : Zvgiv Zvgv `i gvjm ú` K hvkvz cö`v bi gva g iÿbv eÿy K iv Ges `vb-m`kvi gva g Zvgv `i ivmx `i wpwkrmv K iv Avi evjv-gywme Zi Rb `yõav K cö Z iv Lv 5. a b - m ú `i g Z v GKwU wbavg Zi ïkwiqv ^iƒc hvkvz cö`vb Kiv IqvwRe (ev`v qdm mvbv q 2/3, Avj wdkûj Bmjvgx 2/732, AvnKv g Bmjvg AvKj Kx bhi gõ 135, gvmv q j hvkvz 30) hvkvz IqvwRe niqvi kz mg~n : kixq Z hvkvz IqvwRe niqvi wkqz c~e kz i q Q Zb a wkqz e w³i mv _ m ú ³ Avi wkqz gv ji mv _ m ú ³ e w³i mv _ m ú ³ kz mg~n wbgœiƒc : 1. hvkvz Av`vqKvix gymjgvb niqv myzivs Kv bv Agymwj gi Ici hvkvz IqvwRe n e bv 2. ev jm niqv, AZGe bvev jm (ev Pv)-Gi Ici hvkvz IqvwRe n e bv PvB m hzb gv ji AwaKvix nvk Giƒc Zvi Awffve Ki Ici I Zvi m ú `i hvkvz Av`vq Kiv Riæwi bq 3. Av Kj (eyw gvb Ávbm úbœ n Z n e) AZGe cvm ji Ici hvkvz IqvwRe n e bv 4. Avhv` ( ^vaxb) niqv AZGe Mvjvg/`vm `vmxi Ici hvkvz IqvwRe n e bv 5. Agymwjg iv óªi Awaevmx n j hvkvz dih niqvi weavb m ú K AeMZ niqv (Zvbfxiæj Avemvi Avjv nv gk ivïyj gynzvi 2/258, AvjdvZvIqv Avj AvjgMxwiq v 1/171, gvrgvdj Avbnvi 1/202, Avj-evniæi iv qk 2/202, n`vqv 1/185) hvkvz dih niqvi KviYmg~n : 1. b mve cwigvy gv ji gvwjk niqv 2.IB gvj ev m ú `i Ici Puv `i wnmv e c~y GK eqi AwZµg niqv 3. D³ gvj jv Ggb FYgy³ niqv hvi `vwe ev `vi cÿ _ K Kiv h Z cv i 4. gvj jv nvr Z Avmwjqv A_ vr gšwjk cö qvrbvwzwi³ niqv 5. gvj jv bvgx A_ vr e w kxj niqv (Zvbfxiæj Avemvi Avjv nv gk ivïyj gynzvi 2/259, Avjevniæi iv qk 2/202, b~iæj CRvn 156) gv ji mv _ m ú ³ kz mg~n wbgœiƒc : 1. gvwjkvbvaxb _vkve vq bmve cwigvy gv ji Ici Puv `i wnmv e c~y GK eqi AwZevwnZ niqv 2.ÒQgwbq vzzj gvjó A_ vr ^Y, iæcv ev UvKv-cqmv niqv 3. G jv Qvov Ab Kv bv gvj n j Zvi g a e emvi wbq vz Kiv (AvÏyi&iæj gylzvi 2/267) bmve ej Z Kx evsvq? bmve ej Z evsv bv nq, Kv bv e w³ 7.5 Zvjv ^Y wksev 52.5 Zvjv iæcv A_ev Zvi mgg~ j i bm` UvKv ev Ab Kv bv gv ji gvwjk niqv (AvÏyiiæj gylzvi 2/295, Gg`v`yj dzviqv 2/8, dzviqv q inxwgqv 7/152, dzviqv q n vwbqv 4/33) hvkv Zi ivkb : bmve cwigvy gvj _ K wbw` ó GKwU Ask K c _K K i dwki ev Zvi bv qe K mvc` K i cwic~y fv e Zv K gvwjk evwb q `Iqv (ev`v qdm mvbv q 2/39) hvkvz Av`vq ï niqvi kz : hvkvz Av`vq mnxn& niqvi Rb kz n jv g~j m ú` _ K hvkv Zi cwigvy c _K Kivi mgq ev hvkv Zi Dchy³ e w³ K cö`vbkv j wbq vz Kiv (Avjevniæi iv qk 2/210, ev`v qdm mvbv q 2/40, AvÏyiiæj gylzvi 2/268) hvkvz IqvwRe niqvi mgq : hvkvz IqvwRe niqvi kz mg~n cwic~y fv e cviqv M j ZrÿYvr wej ^ Kiv Qvov hvkvz Av`vq Kiv IqvwRe webv IR i hvkvz cö`v b wej ^ Ki j MvbvnMvi n e (AvÏyi iæj gylzvi 2/ ) hvkvz Av`vq Kivi mgq : 1. ^Y, iæcv, UvKv-cqmv ev e emvwqk cy n j cöwzeqi AšÍi GKevi hvkvz Av`vq Kiv dih 2. ÿ Z Drcvw`Z km ev dj n j hv Drcvw`Z n e Ges eq i hzevi Drcvw`Z n e ZZevi hvkvz Av`vq Kiv IqvwRe (AvÏyiiæj gylzvi 2/326) hvkvz Av`vq bv Kivi cwiywz : hvkvz Av`vq bv Ki j K Vvi kvw Íi ûuwkqvwi m ú K wb gœ wkqz AvqvZ I nv`xm Zz j aiv n jv KziAv b cv Ki GKwU Avqv Z Avjøvn cvk Bikv` K ib, gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 13

14 Òhviv ^Y I iæcv Rgv K i iv L Ges Zv Avjøvni c _ e q K i bv Avjøvni cÿ _ K Zv `i K Vvi AvRv ei my m sev` ïwb q w `b m w`b Rvnvbœv gi Av b Zv DËß Kiv n e Ge s Z vi Øviv Zv `i cvk I c ô `k K `» Kiv n e mw`b ejv n e, G jv hv Zvgiv wb R `i Rb Rgv i LwQ j myzivs hv Rgv K i i LwQ j Zvi ^v` MÖnY K iv Ó (m~iv q ZvIev, AvqvZ bs-34, 35) 1. nhiz Avey ûivqiv (iv.) n Z ewy Z, wzwb ey bv K ib, im~jyjøvn (mv.) Bikv` K i Qb, hv K Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv m ú` `vb K i Qb Avi m Zvi hvkvz cö`vb K iwb Kqvg Zi w`b Zvi m ú` K U Kv mvc ^iƒc evbv bv n e hvi Pÿzi Ici `ywu Kv jv we `y _vk e Kqvg Zi w`b Zv K Zvi Mjvq ewo ^iƒc Kiv n e AZtci mvc Zvi gy Li `yw` K Kvg o ai e Zvici ej e Avwg Zvgvi m ú`, Avwg Zvgvi msiwÿz ab ( evlvix kixd 188c ôv cª_g LÐ, gkkvz kixd-155 bs c ôv cª_g LÐ) 2. nhiz Avey hi (iv.) im~j (mv.) n Z ey bv K ib, im~j (mv.) Bikv` K i Qb, h Kv bv e w³i DU, Miæ ev QvMj, fov _vk e A_P m G jvi nk (hvkvz) Av`vq Ki e bv m jv Kqvg Zi w`b c~ e hiƒc wqj, Zvi P q eo gvuv ZvRv K i Avbv n e Zviv Zv K Zv `i ÿzi Øviv wcl Z _vk e Ges wks Øviv AvNvZ Ki Z _vk e hlbb Zv `i kl `jwu AwZµg Ki e, cö_g `jwu c~bivq Avbv n e Gfv eb Pj Z _vk e h ch ší gvby li gv S wepvi dqmvjv mgvavb bv n q hvq ( eylvix kixd, 188c ôv cö_g LÐ gkkvz kixd-156 c ôv Z Zxq LÐ) 3. nhiz Av qkv (iv.) n Z ewy Z, wzwb e jb, Avwg im~j (mv.) K ej Z ï bwq, h mg Í gv ji mv _ hvkv Zi wgkªy n e Z e wbðqb Zv Zv K aÿsm K i ` e ( gkkvz kixd- c : 157, ) 4. `yrb gwnjv ûryi (mv.)-gi wbku G jb, Zv `i nv Z ^ Y i Pzwo wqj im~j (mv.) wrávmv Ki jb, Zvgiv G jvi hvkvz w` q Qv? DË i ej jbñbv! hvkvz w`bwb ûryi (mv.) Bikv` Ki jb, Zvgiv wk GwU cq ` K i v, Avjø vn ZvÕAv jv Zvgv `i K Av bi `ywu Pzwo civ eb? ej jbñbv! ûryi (mv.) ej jb, Zvn j G jvi hvkvz Av`vq K iv (wziwgwr kixd-138 c, 1g LÐ) hvkv Zi cwigvy : 1.g~jab ïaygvî ^Y, iæcv ev UvKvcqmv n j 40 fv Mi GK fvm (ev`v qdm mvbv q 2/18) 2. e emvwqk cy n j 40 fv Mi 1 fvm (ev`v qdm mvbv q 2/21) 3. DU, Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, fov Ges `y ^vi hvkv Zi cwigvy wb q Av jvpbv AcÖ qvrbxq g b n Q, ZvB m wel q Av jvpbv Kiv n jv bv 4. ÿ Z Drcvw`Z km Ges djg~ ji hvkv Zi cwigvy wbgœiƒc : K. h mg Í Rwg bi cvwbi e e v e wó, el v ev Kz`iwZfv e nq IB mg Í ÿ Zi Drcvw`Z dm ji 10 fv Mi 1 fvm hvkvz wn m e cö`vb Kiv IqvwRe L. Avi hw` Ggb nq h, cvwbi e e v mp cök íi gva g wb RiB Ki Z nq Zvn j Drcvw`Z dm ji 20 fv Mi 1 fvm hvkvz wn m e `vb Kiv IqvwRe (ev`v qdm mvbv q 2/62) hvkvz Kviv MÖnY Ki Z cvi e : kixq Zi ` wó Z mevb hvkvz MÖnY Ki Z cvi e bv ïaygvî wbgœwjwlz e w³ivb MÖnY Ki Z cvi e 1.dK xi, (Afvex e w³) hvi Kv Q mvgvb cwigvy gvj Av Q hv bmve mgcwigvy bq A_ev bmve cwigvy n ji Zv FYgy³ Ges e w kxj Ges Zvi cö qvr bi AwZwi³ bq 2. wgmwkb A_ vr wbt ^ e w³ hvi wkqzb bvb 3. Av gj A_ vr mikv ii cÿ _ K hvkvz Av`v qi Rb wbhy³ e w³ K Zvi cö qvrb Abycv Z Zvi Kv Ri cwigvy g Zv hvkv Zi gvj _ K cö`vb Kiv Rv qh n e 4. Ggb FYx e w³ hvi wbku F Yi AwZwi³ bmve ev Zvi mgcwigvy gvj bvb 5. Avjøvni iv Ívq A_ vr Ggb e w³ K hvkvz `vb Kiv, h gyrvwn` evwnbx A_ev nvrx Kv djv n Z wew Qbœ n q c o Q (c_ nvwi q d j Q) 6. gymvwdi e w³ hvi gvj m ú` Av Q e U wkš Zvi mv _ bb 7. gykvzve A_ vr hb Mvjvg ^xq gvijvi mv _ wba vwiz wewbg qi Ici Avhv` niqvi Pzw³e n q Q nvbvdx gvhnv ei weï gz Abyhvqx hvkvz Av`vqKvix Dc ivwjøwlz me kªyxi jvk K hvkvz cö`vb Ki Z cvi e Ges PvB j GKvwaK kªyxi jvk _vkv m Ë I Kej GK kªyxi jvk K hvkvz w` Z cvi e (Z vbf xiæj Avem vi 2/339, Avjevniæi iv qk 2/240, b~iæj CRvn 160) gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 14

15 gvjd hv Z nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) (nhiz Iqvjv dk xûj wgjøvz gydzx Avãyi ingvb `vgvz evivkvzzûg emyüiv gvikv hi Rv g gmwr ` QvÎ-wkÿK I mv jkxb `i D Ï k Ges wewfbœ gvnwd j `Iqv mgmvgwqk wewfbœ gviqv qh I eqvb _ K msm nxz) ` ki cwiw wz GK mgq Ggb wqj h, nvvr `ªe g~j e ob P j Q Avcvgi RbmvaviY `ªe g~j wb q LyeB wpwšíz n q c o evrv ii Ggb Aw wzkxj Ae v, mkv j GK `vg we K j Av ik g~j GgZve vq nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) K evrv ii md i wq jb wewfbœ gv`ivmvi wkÿkmy nhiz K G m ej Z jvm jb, ûryi! `ªe g~ j G nb RwUj Ae v nhiz gv`ivmvi mfvq eqvbkv j ej jb, Avgiv gv`ivm v Iqvjviv cweî KziAv b cv Ki eik ZB cvbvnvi Kwi ` ki `ªe g~j evo Q Zv Z gv`ivmviqvjv `i Kx? gv`ivmv Iqvjviv Zv Ggb bq AvR GZ UvKv ivrmvi K i G b Q muv L Z n e gv`ivmv Iqvjviv Zv cweî KziAv bi Lv `g h hz ewk BLjv mi mv _ KziAvb grx `i L`gvZ AvÄvg w` e Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv KziAv bi eik Z Zvi miƒc DbœZ gngvb`vix Ki eb myzivs `ªe g~j e w cv Q, Zv Z Avgv `i Kx? Avwg Zv wbwðzfv e ej Z cvwi, Avjøvn cvk Kv bv w`b KziAv bi GKwbô Lv `g `i wiwhk mskxy Ki eb bv Z e KziAv bi L`gZ KziAv bi kvb g Z n Z n e BLjvm I wbôv _v K Z n e ` y w b q v i c Ö w Z jvf-jvjmv m ú~y iƒ c AšÍi _ K gy Q dj Z n e BbkvAvjøvn KziAv b cv Ki eikz Avm Z _vk e AvšÍR vwzk Bmjvgx gnvm j bi GK ˆeV K nhiz e jb, fv qiv, gvbyl hz n e gzi ZZ n e gvby li g a gzcv_ K n e, Av jg `i g a gz f` n e `ywbqv Z Kv bv mgq Ggb wqj bv hlb Kv bv cökvi gz f` gvby li g a wqj bv miƒc Djvgv q Kiv gi g a hym hym a i wewfbœ wel q g Zcv_ K wqj m yzivs gzcv_ K niqv Kvb v `vlbxq welq bq eis fq¼i welq n jv gzcv_ K µgvš^ q ˆeixZvi iƒc biqv Ijvgv q Kiv gi gz f` n e ZvK Iqvi wfwë Z Kv iv Kv Q Kv bv welq nk g b n q Q muv Avjøvni Iqv Í n e Av ik Av j gi Kv Q Av ikwu welq nk g b n q Q muvi BLjv mi Kvi Y Djvgv q Kiv gi gzcv_ K GB cwiwai wfz ib _vk Z n e hw` GB gzcv_ K ˆeixZvi iƒc bq, `ykgbx m wó K i Zvn j GUv cy iv D Zi Rb B ÿwz Ki n e AvjRvwgqv cwuqvq `xn w`b L`gvZ AvÄvg `qvi ci nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) GK`v cwuqv _ K c _K n q hvb Gi wkqz w`b ci cwuqv gv`ivmvi ZrKvjxb gnvcwipvjk nhiz gvijvbv AvjnvR BDbym mv ne (nvrx mv ne ûryi (in.)) GK w`b Rvwgqv cwuqvi Rv g gmwr ` NvlYv `b h, gydzx mv ne Amȳ n q c o Qb Zuvi Rb Avcbviv `yõav Kiæb ZLb Ae k Aa g ( jl K ) cw U qv gv`ivmvib QvÎ nhiz nvrx mv ne ûry ii K_v ï b wkqz QvÎ nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) K `L Z hviqvi gb K ib c ii w`b GKwU Mvwo fvov K i ûry ii evwo hviqv nq nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) QvÎ `i K Wvj-fvZ w` q Avc vqb K ib Ges Ryn ii ci gmwr ` QvÎ `i D Ï k wkqz bmxnzg~jk K_v ej Z wm q e jb, Avcbv `i cy iv Rxe bi Rb Avgvi bmxnz n jv Kv iv MxeZ Ki eb bv, Kv iv mv _ nvmv` ev Cl v ivl eb bv GK`v cixÿvi gšmy g QvÎ `i D Ï k nhiz e jb, fv qiv! AvR e n úwzevi kwbevi _ K Zvgv `i cixÿv Avi n Z hv Q Avjøvni Kv Q Kvqg bvev K `yõav K iv hv Z cixÿvq DËxY n Z cv iv `yõavi DcKvi Zvgiv cv eb Zv Z Kv bv m `n bb nq Zv ^ cœi Zvgiv cökœ m ú K AeMZ n q h Z cv iv A_ev Zvgv `i cökœ mnr n e wkš fv qiv Kv bv mgq bkj Ki e bv bkj Kivi g a G K Zv Pzwii Mvbvn wøzxqz wlqvb Zi Mvbvn n e Zvgiv Bj g Øxb wkl Z G mq myzivs Pzwi ev LqvbZ Zvgv `i KvQ _ K kvfv cvq bv Avgv `i gyiwk` nhiz nvi`~qx (in.) ej Zb, bkj K i cixÿvq cvm Kiv `vh Li c_ mymg K i bkj Kiv Qvov Avjøvn bv Kiæb hw` dji n q gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 15

16 hvi Z e Rvbœv Zi c_ mymg Ki e GLb Zvgi v e jv Zvgiv wk Rvnvbœv gi c_ mymg Ki e bv wk Rvbœv Zi c_ mymg Ki e nhiz e jb, R bk jv Ki wczv BwšÍKvj Ki j wzwb wbr PvPvi nv Z cvwjz nb Afve-AbU b LyeB Kó c Z n q Q Zv K GLb eo niqvi ci Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Zv K GZ m ú` `vb K i Qb h, wzwb GKRb wkícwz n q M Qb Kv bv wkqzi Afve GLb Avi evwk bb wkš Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi Kz`ivZ Lvbvwcbv Kg Ki Z Ki Z Zuvi D`i m¼zwpz n q M Q GLb Zuvi D` i Lvbv hvq bv Avm j GwUB wbq g Lvbv AwZwi³ fÿy Ki j µgvš^ q cu eo n q hvq wkš Kg fÿy Kivi Kvi Y µgvš^ q D`i ïwk q hvq Avgv `i Zv j e Bjgxi Rvgvbvq `viæj Dj~g `Ie ` R bk QvÎ `ilv Í Kij h, `ywu iæwu w` q Avgvi h _ó nq bv Kgc ÿ AvUwU iæwu cö qvrb nhiz gynzvwgg mv ne bv h g gzel K wj L cvvv jb h, GB QvÎ hw` wzb w`b ch ší wbqwgz AvUwU K i iæwu L Z cv i Z e Zv K cöwzw`b AvUwU K ib iæwu `Iqv nvk Avwg ejwqjvg, ewk LvIqvi Kvi Y cu eo n q hvq ewk ewk nuvuvi Kvi Y cv qi im jv mpj nq hw` Kv bv jvk Pvi gvm hvez cvõ K AKvh Ki iv L Pvi gvm ci `Lv hv e m cv Avi KvR Ki Q bv miƒc ewk covi gva g gav cöli nq L Z L Z cu eo nq, nuvu Z nuvu Z cv qi im mpj nq, co Z co Z gw Í ZRx nq, ej Z ej Z eqvbx n q hvq miƒc Avjøvni whwki Ki Z Ki Z Avnjyjøvn n q hvq K v b v jvk h w` B m jvn I AvZ ïw i wbq Z Kv bv Avjøvn Iqvjvi Kv Q Pvi gvm KvjvwZcvZ K i AvZ ïw i PP v Ki Z _v K m wb RB Avnjyjøvn n q hvq ewk covi Kvi Y `gvm Ly j m Kvi Y AvKv ei MY Bj g gvwšík ev hyw³we` v K cvv m~wpi AšÍf y³ K i Qb AvR Aek Bj g gvwšík K `i m bhvgx _ K wew Qbœ K i `qv n Q ev Póv Pj Q nh iz Iqvjv e jb, h w` gymjgvbmy Mvbvngy³ nq (ZvIevi gva g nvk) `ywbqvq Zv `i Kv bv cökvi c ikvwb bb Zvi Kv Q m ú` _vkzk Avi bv-b _vkzk me ve vq m Lywk I Aviv gi g a B w`bvwzcvz Ki e wkš Rxeb hw` Mvbvngy³ bv nq Z e hz m ú `i gvwjkb nvk bv Kb c ikvb I wpšív wdwki j MB _vk e Avcbviv `L Qb `ywbqvq Agymwjg `i Kv Q A Xj m ú` we` gvb, g bvig Mvwo, PvLauvav bv AÆvwjKv Zv `i Kv Q Av Q wkš GZ Avivg-Av q ki e _vkv m Ë I Zv `i g a gbtw wz I AvšÍwiK Avivg ej Z wkqzb bb me mgq Zviv c ikvb miƒc gymjgvbi hviv Mvbvn _ K gy³ bq wzwb hz eo wkícwzb nvk bv Kb, kvmk, Avgxi, Mwie nvkbv Kb, eo eo evwo-mvwoi gvwjkb nvk bv Kb, Kv iv Kv Q Avivg Ges w wz bb wkš hw` Mvbvn _ K gy³ nq Z e m Aviv gb Av Q kvwší ZB Av Q Kv bv cökvi c ikvwb Zvi gv S bb GgZve vq m ú` bv _vk ji Kv bv c ikvwb bb GKUv Kvco Dc i Av ikuv wb P wewq q w` q ï q c o Q bv Kv bv Pv ii fq Av Q bv Kv bv wkqz iÿvi c ikvwb Av Q eis ï q Q Avi Ny g Av Qbœ n q M Q Lye kvwší Z ivz KvUj mnix Z Zvnv¾y `i Rb DVj, wb Ri cvjbkz vi mv _ m úk vcb Kij eüzmy! Avgiv me mgq Mvbvn _ K gy³ _vkvi Póv Kie ZLb Avgv `i bv Lvbvi wpšív _vk e, bv Ni-evwoi c ikvwb _vk e KvR-Kvievi bb Zvn j Kv Ì K Lve, Kvj ILv b h Z n e, Mvwo bb Z e wkfv e hve? mšívb-mšíwzi Rb wkqz Mw QZ ivl Z bv cvi j Zv `i Kx Ae v n e? Gme wdwki weag x `i wdwki ebx BmivB ji ^fve Zv `i mlv b cöwzw`b ZvRv ZvRv ÔgvbœvmvjIqvÕ Avmgvb _ K Avm Z _vkz Zvi cii Avjøvni mëvi Ici Zviv Av v ivl Z cv iwb Zviv wpšív Kij, hw` Kvj Lvbv bv Av m Z e Avgv `i Ae v Kx n e? Avgiv Lve Kv Ì K? G Kvi Y Zviv Pzwcmv i wkqz mâq K i ivlj Avjøvni wbqvgz Ges cyi v ii Ici wek vm vcb Ki Z cvij bv AšÍ i h mkj c ikvwb I wdwki Rb n Q m e B Z v k q Z v b i IqvmIqvmv m Kvi Y Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv KziAv b Bikv` K i Qb ÒkqZvb Zvgv `i úó `ykgb Ó Avgiv hgb cvw_ e `ykgb _ K iÿv cviqvi Póv K i _vwk, hviv Avgv `i iƒnvbx `ykgb Avgv `i K Rvnvbœv g bqvi me mgq Póvq wjß, me mgq Avgv `i AšÍ i Kygš Yv w` q _v K Zv `i KvQ _ K euvpvi Póv Ki Z n e wb Ri Rxeb K Mvbvngy³ Ki Z n e hw` Kv bv mgq Mvbvn n qi hvq Z e ZrÿYvr ZvIev K i Mvbvngy³ niqvi Póv Ki Z n e MÖš bvq : nv dr gvijvbv Ggivb dv R j Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv cwuqv, PÆMÖvg gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 16

17 ga ^Z me ÿ ÎB wk D V hvq? A bk ÿ ÎB bq, hgb Kv bv Kv úvwb hw` MLM Kv úvwbi gva g Qvov I Zvi cy evrvirvz K i, Z e ^vfvwek Kvi YB m weávcb cöpvi Ki e, Zvn j weávcb LiP Zv n QB Avi hw` ïay MLM- Gi gva gb Zv `i cy evrv i Av m Zvn j Gi evrvigvb hvpvb n e Kvb wbwi L? G Qvov BwZc~ e I Av jvpbv G m Q h, me ÿ Î ga ^Z fvmx D V hvq bv gybvdvi Askx`vi K nq, fv³v bv Kg Pvix? GgGjGg Kv úvwb jvi me P q eo köæwzg ayi `vwe n jv Z viv ga ^Z fvmx DwV q w` q m gybvdv µzv `i K w` q _v K Avm j wk ZvB? wbðqb bq KviY G K_v ev Íem Z ZLbB n Zv, hw` Zviv ( Z v ` i f v l v q ) g a ^ Z K gybvdv`vbkvix `i _ K Kg g~ j mvaviy jvk `i Rb evrv i cy mieivn KiZ g~jz Zviv gybvdv ev Kwgkb w` q _v K Zv `i Kg Pvix/ Kg KZ v `i, hviv www ªweDUi c`we wb q Zv `i cy evrvirvz K i _v K GKRb mvaviy µzv ( h cwi ekk n Q bv) KL bv Zv `i _ K AwZwi³ myweav cvq bv Av iv eû ÎæwU : DcwiD³ welq jv QvovI GgGjGg Z_v buiqvk c wzi e emvwu Z Av iv A bk ÎæwU i q Q, hvi Kvi Y G ai bi Kvievi ev e emv eü niqv gvwë j fj gv K wus kixq Zi ` wó Z GKwU ch v jvpbv-4 gvijvbv gydzx Gbvgyj nk Kv mgx `ikvi hgbñ 1 A Xj A_ DcvR bi jvf : A b K Kv úvwbi mwgbvi ` L ev Kv bv evkcuz www ªweDU ii K_vq M j wm q wbr fwel r bv ey SB cö qvrb bv _vkv m Ë I cy wk b cwi ekk n q _v K A_P `Lv hvq m Kv bv µ gb Avi µzv RvMvo Ki Z mÿg nq bv wvk hgwb wkïiv Kvgj cvbx qi evz ji wqwc Z Zv `i Kvw ÿz Dcnvi cvevi Avkvq eû evzj GK Î wb q _v K 2. webv cö qvr b cy µq Kiv : A b KB ïay cwi ekk niqvi Rb kz c~i Yi ^v _ IB cy _ K AwaK cö qvrbxq c Y i `ikvi _vkv m Ë I m Kv úvwbi AvB bi eva n q Zvi Rb AcÖ qvrbxq cy wu wk b _v K 3. webv cö qvr b Ab K MwQ q `Iqv : Kv bv Kv bv cwi ekk Zvi bu AMÖmi Kivi Rb gwiqv n q D V Z L b m Z v i e Ü z e v Ü e, AvZ xq ^Rb K Zv `i Kv úvwbi mieivnk Z wewfbœ cy Lwi` Ki Z Rvi Ave`vi K i A bk mgq wbr _ K evwki w` q e m Gfv e A bk jvk Z z jbvg~jk K g cö qvrbxq niqv m Ë I ïay Ave`vi iÿvi Rb cy wb q _v K 4. g~j ckvq `vwqz kxjzv n«vm cviqv : MLM Kv úvwb jv Z eû Zrci www ªweDUi GgbI i q Qb, huviv wewfbœ ckvq hgb wkÿkzv, PvKwi BZ vw` Z wb qvwrz GLb jvkwu hw` Zvi ckvmz `vwqz cvj bi ci `xn mgq µzvi Luv R mgq e q K ib Ges cö qvrbxq wekövg bv K ib, Zvn j ^vfvwekfv eb c ii w`b g~j ckvmz K g Zvi Av Mi D` g I Kg ZrciZvq fvuv co Z cv i, hv Kv bv mgq RvZxq wech qi W K Avb Z cv i 5. Qwe Zzj Z nq : webv cö qvr b Qwe Zvjv Bmjvgx kixq Z A ea I nvivg Avi GgGjGg e emvwu cö qvr bi AvIZvq c o bv 6. Rvj mvwu wd K Ui AvkÖq wb Z nq: Kv bv Kv bv GgGjGg Kv úvwb Z cwi ekk niqvi Rb wb œc ÿ GmGmwm mvwu wd KU cö qvrb nq h e w³ GmGmwm cvm K iwb wbðq Zvi Rvj mvwu wd K Ui AvkÖq wb Z nq hv kixq Z wbwl 7. A bk ÿ Î wg_ vii AvkÖq wb Z nq : my Zivs h m K j cö w Zô vb ev Kv úvwb Z Dc i ewy Z kiqx Îæ w U m g~ n ( m v dk v Z v B w b d x mvdkvwzb, A vj Mvivi, wie v, ïenvzzi wiev, Ryqv Ges Avj DRivZz wejv Avgvwjb Iqvj Avgvj~ wejv DRivwZb) ev Zvi Kv bvwu cviqv hv e mwu Bmjvgx kixq Zi ` wó Z bvrvwqh e j MY n e AZGe G ai bi e emv cöwzôvb ev gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 17

18 Kv úvwb MVb Kiv, cwipvjbv Kiv ev cwi ekk niqv I gvbyl K Gi cöwz `viqvz `qv _ K mkj gymjgv bi weiz _vkv GKvšÍ KZ e µqk Z cy I evbv mi weavb : G K _v ú ó h, G gg j Gg Kv úvwb jv cwipvwjz e emvwu kixq Zi ` wó Z A ea I A_ bxwzi mvaviy a vivi cw icš x mkj gymjgv bi Zv _ K weiz _vkv Avek K Ggwbfv e e emvwu h nzz A ea I nvivg ZvB hviv G Z Rwo q M Qb Zv `i ZvIev Kiv Avek K mv _ mv _ AvK`wU f O `IqvI Riæwi AvK` f O `Iqvi ÿ Î cy wu we µzv diz cv e Avi µzv diz cv e Zvi µq g~j Kv bv KviY ekz AvK` f O `Iqv m e bv n j ( hgb Kv úvwb hw` µqg~j diz w` Z cö Z bv _v K) h nzz A ea e emvi gva g AwR Z cy Øviv DcK Z niqv Rvwqh bb, m nzz mviqv ei wbq vz Qvov Ggwb ZB cy wui Øviv jf vsk dkxi wgmkxb `i K w` q w` Z n e Avi evbvm wn m e h A_ jvf n q Q m jvi h nzz A ea I evwzj AvK `i gva g AwR Z n q Q, G Rb kixq Zi ` wó Z Zv gv j Lexm Z_v AcweÎ m ú` e j we ewpz n e hv mviqv ei wbqz Qvov Ggwb ZB nvivg _ K gyw³ jv fi D Ï k dkxi wgmwkb `i gv S m`kvn K i `Iqv Riæwi Òdvwm` AvK `i gva g n ÍMZ c Y mkj ûkzg ez v e Z e cuvpwu ûkzg 1.Zv LvIqv nvjvj bq 2. Zv cwiavb Kiv nvjvj bq ÒAvK ` dv m `i gva g n ÍMZ cy n ÍvšÍi Kiv ev DcK Z niqvi Rb Kv bv cökvi n Í ÿc Kiv gvkiƒ n Zvnixgx Ó ÒAv bvqvi kvn Kvk xix ( in.) e j Qb, nvbvdx `i wkzve wn`vqv I Ab vb wkzvev`x Aa qb Ki j G K_v úób ey S Av m h, A ea cš vq m ú` Kv iv n ÍMZ n j Zv hw` gvwj Ki wbku diz `Iqv m e bv nq, Zvn j G m ú` dkxi wgmkxb `i gv S miqv ei wbq vz Qvov eèb K i `qvb nvivg m ú` _ K gyw³i GKgvÎ c_ Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Avgv `i K evsvi ZvIdxK `vb Kiæb WmwUwbi kiqx ev W i `wjj I Zvi Reve : hviv gvwë j fj gv K wus ev buiqvk wer bm wm g K Rv qh e j Zviv `ywu kz Av ivc K i 1. G c wz Z jv fi Rb Kv bv ai bi cözviyv, Ryjyg, LqvbZ, mỳ GK Pzw³i g a `ywu Pzw³ Kiv I A ^vfvwek jvf Gi Kv bv GKwU m ú ³ n Z cvi e bv 2. kixq Zi wbwl cy wecyb Kiv hv e bv K. Avj KziAv bi Av jv K : cy µq Kivi mgq bzzb MÖvnK cwi ekk Avbvi kz bv _vk j Avgiv G c wz K Kwgkb ev `vjvwj Z_v eªvkvwi ej Z cvwi Z vqvovi G c wz K wdk ni fvlvq Avj RvAvjv ejv nq Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv BDm~d (Av.) I ewbqvgxb Gi g a NUbv ey bv Ki Z wm q h AvqvZ D jøl K i Qb m AvqvZwU cögvy wn m e D jøl Bikv` n Q : Ò NvlYv KvixMY e jb, ev`kvni cvbcvî nvwi q Q, h e w³ Zv ei K i ` e m GK D Ui evsvb cwigvy Lv` km cyi vi cv e Ges Avwg Gi Rvwgb Ó m~iv BDmyd AvqvZ 72) G Avqv Zi Zvdmx i gydzx kdx (in.) Zvdmx i KziZzexi D wz w` q e jb, G AvqvZ Øviv cögvwyz nq h, wbw` ó Kv Ri Rb grywi wksev cyi vi wba viy K i hw` GB g g NvlYv `vb Kiv nq h, h e w³ G KvR Ki e m GB cwigvy cyi vi wksev grywi cv e Z e Zv Rv qh n e hgb Acivax `i K MÖdZvi Kivi Rb wksev nviv bv e diz `Iqvi Rb G ai bi cyi vi NvlYv mvaviyfv e cöpwjz i q Q hw`i G-RvZxq jb `b wdkvn kv ewy Z BRvivi msávbyiƒc bq Z_vwc G AvqvZ ` ó Zvi ˆeaZv cögvwyz nq (Zvdmx i gvavwidzj KziAvb mswÿß c. 682) L. mybœvni Av jv K cögvy : nhiz Avey mvc` Ly`ix (iv.) n Z ewy Z, wzwb e j Qb, GK`j mvnvex Avie ` ki GK GjvKvq wm q nvwri n jb wkš GjvKvevmx Zv `i Kv bv Avc vq bi e e v Kij bv cwiw wz Ggb wqj h, Zv `i MvÎ cöavb K mv c K U wqj ZLb Zviv mvnvexmy K wr Ám Kij, Avcbv `i gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 18