KANNADA ABHIVRUDDHI PRADHIKARA

Bản ghi

1 Lesson 21/201 ÁoÀ Dialogue: gáªàä: CªÀgÀÄ ¹QÌzÀÝgÉ CªÀgÀ eéævé «ªÀgÀªÁV ªÀiÁvÁqÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. Had we met him, we could have talked to him in deatil. D ÀAzÀ : êÀÅ ÉÃUÀ A zàýgé JAlÄ UÀAmÉUÉ géê Ä ¹UÁÛ EvÀÄÛ. gáªàä: géê Ä ºÉÆÃV qáû? D ÀAzÀ: FUÀ vá É ºÉÆÃAiÀÄÄÛ. F géê UÉ ºÉÆÃVzÀÝgÉ ºÀ ÉÆßAzÀÄ UÀAmÉUÉ ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ và Ä ÁÛ EzÉÝêÀÅ. gáªàää: ªÀÄÄA À méæöê ÀÄ JµÀÄÖ UÀAmÉUÉ? D ÀAzÀ: ºÀvÀÆÛªÀgÉ UÀAmÉUÉ. CzÀPÉÌ ºÉÆÃzÀgÉ MAzÀƪÀgÉUÉ và Ä Ûë. ºÉÆÃzÀgÀÆ G ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ E è. gáªàää: ºËzÀÄ EzÀPÉÌ ºÉÆÃVzÀÝgÉ ºÀ ÉÆßAzÀÄ UÀAmÉUÉ «zsá À ËzsÀPÉÌ ºÉÆÃUÁÛ EzÉݪÀÅ. D ÀAzÀ: ºÀ ÉßgÀqÀÄ UÀAmÉUÉ «záå ªÀÄAwæUÀ¼ÀÄ ¹PÁÛ EzÀÝgÀÄ. Hand you come earlier, we would have got the eight o'clock train. Has the train left? If has just left. Had we gone by this train we whoul have reached Bangalore by eleven At what time is the next train? It is at ten thirty. If we go by that we will reach at one thirty. Even if we go by that there is no use. Yes. Had we gone by this we would have reached Vidhana soudha by eleven We would have met the Education Minister at 12 D ÀAzÀ: CªÀgÀ eéævé «ªÀgÀªÁV ªÀiÁvÁrzÀÝgÉ CªÀgÀÄ ÀªÀÄä ÀªÀiÁgÀA sàpéì géæãpé M ÁÛ EzÀÝgÀÄ. gáªàä: CªÀgÀÄ M àzàýgé ÉÃgÉ AiÀiÁgÀ ÁßzÀgÀÆ CzsÀåPÀëvÉUÉ PÉüÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. M ÀàzÉ E ÝzÀÝgÉ ÉÃgÉ ªÀÄAwæUÀ¼À ÀÄß ÉÆÃqÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. D ÀAzÀ: DªÉÄÃ É C èazà gà«aiàä ªÀÄ ÉUÉ ºÉÆÃUÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. gà«ué PÁUÀzÁ ÀÆ gé Ã. gáªàä: CªÀgÀ ªÀÄ ÉAiÀÄ è DgÁªÀĪÁV PÀĽvÀÄ Hl ÁzÀgÀÆ ªÀiÁqÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. D ÀAzÀ: CªÀ À ªÀÄ ÉAiÀÄ è ÀAeÉ và ÀPÀ EzÀÄÝ ÀAeÉ ºÉÆgÀqÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. gáªàää: ÀAeÉ DgÀÄ UÀAmÉ géê UÉ ºÉÆgÀnzÀÝgÉ MA vàäû Had we talked to him in detail, he would have agreed to come to our function. Had he agreed we colud have asked someone else to Preside. Supposing he didn't agree then we could have asked some other minister. Then we could have gone to Ravi's house. We have written him a letter also. We could have sat leisurely there and had our food. We could have stayed there till evening and started then. Had we started by the six o'clock train, we would have

2 202/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 21/203 UÀAmÉUÉ ªÁ Á ï gáû EzÉݪÀÅ. come back at nine g É zýàg É Á ÁUÁÛ EzÀÝ. examination he would have got through. D ÀAzÀ: gà«ué PÁUÀzÀ géaiàäzéã E ÝzÀÝgÉ Á ÀÄ Éà ÀgÀ ªÀiÁrPÉƼÁÛ EgÀ è. CªÀ ÀÄ PÁAiÀiÁÛ EgÁÛ É. gáªàä: AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ ÀÄì ¹UÀ ºÀÄzÁ, ï ÁÖöåArUÉ ºÉÆÃzÀgÉ? D ÀAzÀ: ï ÁöÖ åaru É ºÆÉ ÃzÀgÀÆ F ï ¹UÀ è. ï ¹QÌzÀgÀÆ ¹ÃlÄ ¹UÀ è. DzÀÝjAzÀ ºÉÆÃUÉÆÃzÀÄ G ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ E è. 2. Pattern drill 2.1 à ÀÄ LzÀÄ «ÄµÀ ÉÃUÀ A zàýgé JAlÄ UÀAmÉ ¹ìUÉ ºÉÆÃUÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. If we had'nt written to Ravi, I wouldn't have worried. He will be waiting. Will there be any bus available, if we go to the bus stand? Even if we go to the bus stand, we won't get one. Even if we get one we won't get a seat. Therefore there is no use in going. Had you come five minutes early, we could have gone by the eight o'clock bus. CªÀ¼ÀÄ ZÉ ÁßV Hl ªÀiÁrzÀÝgÉ E ÀÆß zà Àà DUÁÛ EzÀݼÀÄ. ÉßÃ É ÄPï ªÀiÁr¹zÀÝgÉ npémï ¹UÁÛ EvÀÄÛ. 2.3 CªÀ ÀÄ ÉÃgÉ À vàqàªáv A zàýgé À ÀUÉ ¹lÄÖ gáû EgÀ è. CªÀ ÀÄ CªÀ¼À ÀÄß ªÀÄzÀÄªÉ DVzÀÝgÉ ºÀÄZÀÑ ÁUÁÛ EgÀ è. 2.4 ÁªÀÅ PÁUÀzÀ géaiàäzé EzÀÝzÀÝgÉ ºÉÆÃUÀzÉ EgÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. CªÀ¼ÀÄ CªÀ À ÀÄß ªÀÄzÀÄªÉ AiÀiÁUÀzÉ E ÝzÀÝgÉ ÀÄRªÁV EgÀ ºÀÄ vàäû. Had she eaten well she would have become still fatter. Had we booked yesterday we would have got the tickets. Had he come late on any other day, I wouldn't have got angry. Had he married her he wouldn't have gone mad. Hadn't we written him a letter we could have stayed back. Had she not married him she would have been happy. Á ÀÄ K¼ÀÄ UÀAmÉ ¹ìUÉ ºÉÆÃVzÀÝgÉ MAzÉà ÀzÀ è ªÁ À ï gà ºÀÄ vàäû. Had we gone by the eight o'clock bus we could have returned the same day. Á ÀÄ HjUÉ ºÉÆÃUÀzÉ E ÝzÀÝgÉ ªÀÄä ªÀÄ ÉUÉ gà ºÀÄ vàäû. Had I not gone to my home town, I could have come to your house. 2.2 MAzÀÄ DmÉÆà ÁzÀgÀÆ ¹QÌzÀgÉ ÉÃUÀ gáû EzÉÝ. CªÀ ÀÄ ÀjÃPÉëAiÀÄ è ZÉ ÁßV Had I got an auto I would have come early. Had he written well in the 2.5 Á ÀÄ D ÀÄ ÀÛPÀ PÉÆqÀzÉ E ÝzÀÝgÉ CªÀ ÀÄ CzÀ ÀÄß NzÁÛ EgÀ è. Had I not given him that book he wouldn't have read it.

3 204/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 21/205 êÀÅ ÀªÀÄAiÀÄPÉÌ ÀjAiÀiÁV gàzé E ÝzÀÝgÉ D PÉ À DUÁÛ EgÀ è. 2.6 Á ÀÄ ªÀÄ ÉUÉ A zàýgé êÀÅ ¹éÃmïì PÉÆr À ÉÃPÁ VvÀÄÛ. CªÀgÀÄ ÀªÀÄä ªÀÄ ÉUÉ A zàýgé PÁ ü PÉÆqÀ ÉÃPÁVvÀÄÛ. 2.7 êÀÅ ZÉ ÁßV NzÀzÉ EzÀÝgÉ ÀjÃPÉë PÀlÖ ÁgÀzÁVvÀÄÛ. ªÀÄUÉ C ü ÀAiÀÄ gàzé EzÀÝgÉ ÁlPÀzÀ è ªÀiÁqÀ ÁgÀzÁVvÀÄÛ. êÀÅ và ÀÄà ªÀiÁqÀzÉ EzÀÝgÉ M àpéæ¼àî ÁgÀ vàäû. 2.8 FUÀ ï ÁÖöåArUÉ ºÉÆÃzÀgÀÆ ï ¹UÀ è. CªÀ ÀÄ PÀ ÀßqÀ PÀ wzàýgàæ ªÀiÁvÁqÉÆÃPÉ gà è. gàªéäã±à Á D ºÀÄqÀÄVà À ÉÆÃqÁÛ EzÀÝgÀÆ CªÀ¼À ÀÄß ªÀiÁvÁr¹ è. gádå Á gàä Á¼É Had you not come in time that work couldn't have been done. Had I come home you would have had to offer me sweets. Had he come to my house, I would have had to give him coffee. If you had not studied well you shouldn't have appeared for examination. If you you do not know acting you shouldn't have acted in the play. If you had not made a mistake, your should't have admitted it. Even if we go to the bus stand now we won't get a bus. Even though he has learnt Kannada he is unable to speak it. Even though Ramesh is seeing that girl everyday he hasn't talked to her. Even though the Governor is ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆjUÉ AzÀgÀÆ AiÀiÁgÀ ÀÆß ÉÆÃqÀ è. à Á Á¼É zéºà UÉ ºÉÆÃzÀgÀÆ ºÉÆÃUÀ ºÀÄzÀÄ. 3. Key to learnrs coming to Bangalore tomorrow he won't see anybody. Leela might go to Delhi tomorrow. 3.1 The unful filled past conditional (with built in negative implication) sentences are introduced in this lesson. These sentences have two clauses ; viz. the conditional clause and the main clause. The conditional clause contains a conditional verb in past perfect. The main clause my be a model verb or a finite verb. The finite verb in the main clause verb or a finite verb. The finite verb in the main clause would always be in the past continuous. niinu pustaka kottidare oodtaa idde. 'If you had given me the book. I would have read it.' If the verb in the main class containing model verb, it will be followed by ittu, avanu bandiddare sinimaakke hoogabahudittu. 'Had he come we could have gone to a movie.' beereyavaru aa kelasa maadiddare niivu hattu ruupaayi jaasti kodabeekittu. 'Had some one else done that work, you would have had to pay ten rupees more'. nimage jvara bandiddare aafiisige barabaradittu. 'If you had fever, you shouldn't have come to office.

4 206/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 21/ The negation in the unfulfilled past conditional are of two types Negation of conditional clause. The structure of type (1) is, Negative verbal participle + id + conditional of iru. barade + ide + iddare = barade iddiddare. avaru barade iddiddare naanu barta idde. 'If he had not come, I would have come'. Type (2) gets negated in both the clauses. avanu pustaka kodade iddiddare naanu hana kodtaa iralilla. 'Had he not given me the book, I wouldn't have paid him money. This type contain double negation and so it gives positive meaning. 3.3 The concessive form in Kannada is obrained by addinguu to the conditional verb. It gives the meaning "even if...". avanu ashtondu oodiddarauu avanige buddhi illa. Even if he has read so much, he doesn't have common sense. with 'bahuda' it gives the probability meaning. avanu naale bengaluurige bandaruu barabahudu. He might come to Bangalore tomorrow. 4. Exercise 4.1 Transform the following sentences into unfulfilled past conditional zàäqàäø PÉÆlÖgÉ vàgàpáj vàjûã ÉÃUÀ ºÉÆÃzÀgÉ ÀÄì ¹UÀÄvÉÛ HjUÉ ºÉÆÃzÀgÉ véav ÀPÁ Ä vàgà ºÀÄzÀÄ Á ÀÄ ÀÄ ÀÛPÀ PÉÆlÖgÉ Ã ÀÄ À ÀUÉ É ÀÄß PÉÆqÀ ÉÃPÀÄ ÉÃUÀ ªÀÄ ÉUÉ ºÉÆÃzÀgÉ zéæ ªÀiÁqÀ ºÀÄzÀÄ. 4.2 Transform into double negative ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆjUÉ ºÉÆÃVzÀÝgÉ 'UÁA ü' ¹ ªÀiÁ ÉÆÃqÁÛ EzÉÝ CªÀ¼ÀÄ À Àß ªÀiÁvÁr¹zÀÝgÉ Á ÀÆ ªÀiÁvÁqÁÛ EzÉÝ Á ÀÄ A zàýgé êÀÅ ºÀt PÉÆqÀ ÉÃPÁVvÀÄÛ. 4.3 Transform the conditional clause into negative à ÀÄ A zàgé À ÀUÉ ÀAvÉÆõÀ DVÛvÀÄÛ ªÀÄ¼É ÝzÀÝgÉ É¼É É½ÃvÁ EgÀ è Àæw Á vàäa Á zàægà ÀqÉ zàýgé DgÉÆÃUÀå ZÉ ÁßVjÛvÀÄÛ. 4.4 Translate the following into English. gádä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gáªàä E âgàæ M¼Éî ÉßûvÀgÀÄ. CªÀgÀÄ E âgàæ ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆj À è NzÀÄvÁÛ EzÁÝgÉ. gádä vàäªàäpàæj ÀªÀ ÀÄ. gáªàä ªÀÄzÀgÁ¹ ÀªÀ ÀÄ. gáªàä UÉ ZÉ ÁßV PÀ ÀßqÀ gàäwûgà è. gádä CªÀ UÉ PÀ ÀßqÀ PÀ À Ä ÁægÀA ü¹zà. ªÉÆzÀªÉÆzÀ Ä gáªàä UÉ PÀ ÀßqÀ PÀ AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ PÀµÀÖªÁ ÄvÀÄ. DzÀgÀÆ ÀæAiÀÄvÀß qàzé PÀ AiÀÄ Ä véæqàvzà. ÉßûvÀgÀÄ eéævé PÀ ÀßqÀzÀ Éèà ªÀiÁvÁqÀÄwÛzÀÝ. eéævéué géaiàääªàåzàä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ NzÀĪÀÅzÀÄ PÀ và.

5 208/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 21/209 FUÀ PÀµÀÖ ÀlÄÖ PÀ ÀßqÀ ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ À ÀwæPÉ N CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉƼÀÄîvÁÛ É. gádä«à eéævé ÀPÉÌ Àé à ºÉÆvÁÛzÀgÀÆ PÀ ÀßqÀzÀ è ªÀiÁvÁqÀzÉ EzÀÝgÉ CªÀ UÉ vàè Û E è. CªÀ ÀÄ»ÃUÉ PÀ vàgé E ÀÄß PÉ ªÉà ÀUÀ¼À è PÀ ÀßqÀ ZÉ ÁßV ªÀiÁvÀ ÁqÀ ºÀÄzÀÄ. 4.5 Translate the following sentences into Kannada Mysore is a famous cultural centre in Karnataka There are a number of places in Mysore which are worth seeing Srirangapattana was the earlier capital of Mysore Wodeyars The weather in Mysore is congenial I have purchased a new house in Bangalore If I meet Raju in Bangalore I will convey your regards Please ask him to write me a letter The person who spoke me over the telephone the other day has come to see me Though he had been to meet the Prime minister, he couldn't meet him It is easier to forget a language than learning it. 5. Vocabulary CzsÀåPÀëvÉ DgÁªÀÄ «záåªàäawæ «ªÀgÀªÁV C ü ÀAiÀÄ zà Àà ÁvÀæ gádå Á ÀÄRªÁV ºÀÄZÀÄÑ `presiding' `leisurely' `education minister' `in detail' `to enjoy' `fat' `character' `governor' `happily' `mad'