Numerat619.pmd

Kích thước: px

Bắt đầu hiển thị từ trang:

Download "Numerat619.pmd"

Lê Thu
4 năm trước
Lượt xem:

1 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè íà «ßäðà, àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /23/ Ïîëó åíèå öèíêà âûñîêîé èñòîòû ñî åòàíèåì ,..,.. -,,, 6118,.,, limb N, 6N (85...9) %. :,,, -,, -,. -. :,, -,.. [1 5].., -, [1; 3, ]. [1] -. -.,,, -,,., - [6-8].,,, ( 99,99997 % [1], 99,99995 % [2]), (99, ,99995) % [6]. - (3 6) %.,,, -.. (1 1-5 % ) [8] (2 1-5 % ) [6] -.,,. -, -,.. -,. -,.,.

2 [9, ] P α i =, (1) P P, P -,, -. i (1) i - a, P 4 2, *S 6, Fr 3, , Cs 2, , , Rb 9, , , Se 2, , , As 4 5, , K 2, , , , Cd 9, , , , Na 1, , , , Zn Te 2,9 2,38 2,4 2,6 Mg 15 9,1 6,1 4,8 Li 2, , , , Sr 5, , , , Ra 2, , , , Sb 2, , , , Bi 7, , , , Ba 2, , , , Tl 1, , , , , , , , Pb 4, , , , In 2, , , , Mn - 6, , , Ga - 1, , , Ag - 3, , , Ni - - 1, , Al - - 2, , Sn - - 3, , Cu - - 1, , Au , * -. P As.

3 97 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè íà «ßäðà, àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /23/ Ïîëó åíèå öèíêà âûñîêîé èñòîòû ñî åòàíèåì..., i < 1 ( Zn),, i > 1 ( Zn).,,,., Cd, Te, Na Mg, 1, -.,,,, ( 1 / ) - (G 1 /G ) ( / ) - (G /G ) [1, 11]: x x 1 G = G 1 αi 1, x x K G 1 1 G = G G K K α i, (2) ; 1, ; G - ; G 1 G,. i [12, ; 13, ] / = f (G 1 /G ) / = f (G /G ) d Mg Zn. (2) i,.. β = 1/ i., - i -., 1 7 (.. 1), 3 %. :., - 7 % - (. 1). x 1 /x 1,,8 T=7K β=9 x K /x 1,,8 T=7K β=,6,6,6,4,4,2 Cd,2 Mg,,6,8 1, G 1 /G,,6,8 1, G K /G ) ). 1. : - ( = 7, = 9); ( = 7 ; =,6).,. [9], -. - t.,, :

4 98 Nt F ln = k b pb t, (3) N G N ; N t t; 2 M B, k = 5,833 1 ; b = / ;, - T ; p -,..; B F, 2 ; G, ; t -,.,. N N t (3), : G N t = ln. (4) k b p B F N t. 2, - G /F = 2 / 2., G = F h, h,, (3) (4) G /F = h. 2., (G /F = 2 / 2 ) Cd Se 2 Cs N o / N t t, t, t, 7 K 8 K 7 K 8 K 7 K 8 K 2 1,8 1,8,2,6, ,6 1,2, ,6 6,8 1,8, ,4 12 1,6 3,6,8. 2,,. -., 1, 1, -., - [9, ]: W 2 M = 5,833 1 p, (5) T W ; p,.., - [12,. 382], ;,.. (), -. - ().,, () - -.

5 99 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè íà «ßäðà, àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /23/ Ïîëó åíèå öèíêà âûñîêîé èñòîòû ñî åòàíèåì ( ) limb. limb, -,,. limb., [14, ]: = 1 - ΔH MA (T MA - T) / (R T MA T x LB ), (6) ΔH MA ; R ; - ; ; LB -,.. B (6) Zn - B [15,. 166, 984; 16,. 356] - ΔT D = T A - T x LB. B. 3. ΔH MZn = 7,33-1 ; T MZn = 693 K; R = 8, [14, ]. 3., -., x LB,., D, th / D, % 3 Li, ,25 1,25 2,5 12 Mg, ,13 1,17 1,7 13 Al, ,15 1,32 3,2, ,37 1,48 4,8 25 Mn, , Ni,3 692,1,9,45,998,2 29 Cu, , ,4 31 Ga, ,5,2 1,18 1,8, ,25 1, Ge, ,38 1,19 1,9 47 Ag, ,1,9983,2, ,5,21 1,121 1,2 48 Cd, ,25 1,29 2,1, ,5 153,5,51 1, ,8,2 682,5 1,5,2 1,164 1,6 49 In, ,6 1,24 2,4, ,12 1,653 65,3 5 Sn, ,4,8 1,1 1,, ,25 1,29 2,1 51 Sb,14 686,7 5,25,3 1,164 1,6 79 Au, ,43,9951,5 82 Pb,16 69,8 2,2,75, Bi,6 689,5 3,1,6,996 9,4, > 1 < 1. > 1 Cu, Ag Au.,., Li, Mg, Al, G, In, Cd, Sn, Sb, Bi.

6 1,. 3 ΔT D x LB, = f(δt D, x LB ), ( Zn), lim. T T MA ( - ) (6) [17] : limb = 1 - ΔH MA ΔT MA / R 2 MA x LB. (7) ΔT MA = ΔT th (ΔT th ) (6). ΔT th / ΔT D.,.. ΔT th = ΔT D.. δ : ΔT th / ΔT D = 1 ± δ. (8). 3., δ.. ΔT th ΔT D,., lim,.. - δ - lim. lim [18] -, lim. lim - : 1 q ΔH k = 1+ LB MA, limb R T 2 MA (9) ΔH MA, R,, (6), q LB - Zn B, : dδt dx MA LB * xlb = q LB (1). 4 lim, (9). - lim Al Li, [19] -. [14, ] Zn B k limb p LB q LB k limb k limb [19] Zn Ge Zn Mg Zn Ga Zn Sn Zn Al Zn Li -,15,458,1937,1836,2875 -,7632-3,6166-4,835-4,427-5,58-4,7623-4,2685,33,12,19,7,13,22,1, , 33 [7]., - K, Na, Pb, Tl, Bi, U,.., -

7 11 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè íà «ßäðà, àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /23/ Ïîëó åíèå öèíêà âûñîêîé èñòîòû ñî åòàíèåì.... (Cd Hg) (Cu, Ag, Au, Li, Mg, Al).. -,., -., (,2), -. - ( >,2),, limb,, (Ni, Pb, Ge, Sb),., , : Pb, Fe, Cu, Sn, Al, Bi, Ni, Sb,1 % ; As -,5 %; Cd,2 % 99,997 % [2].,, ,, -, () - 6,2 1-4 % ( ). - ( ) (. %): Cu ; Ti ; Ca ; Al ; Ni ; Na ; Cr ; Pb ; Mn ; Fe ; B , ,995 % (,. ) - [21], , (C, N, O),.,, (~1-4. %),, -., -.,,, - (.. 1). -

8 (,2) ( >,2) Li Be 2,2,35 **,1 ** Na Mg Al 3,12,1,12 **,25 ** Ca Ti V r Fe Co Ga As Mn Ni Cu Ge 4,19,63 *,45 * 1,5 * Zn,33,2 **,2 **,15 **,2 **,1 **,2 **,5 **,18 ** 1,6 ** <<1 ** Rb Zr Nb Mo Ru Rh In Sn Tc Pd Ag Cd Sb 5,6 *,7 2,1 *,25 *,3 *,2 ** <<1 ** >1 ** 2,5 **,18 **,48 ** Cs Ba Hf Ta W Os Ir Tl Bi Re Pt Au Hg Pb 6,6 * 1,43 *,75 *,2 ** <<1 **,2 ** Ia IIa IV V VI VIII VIII III IV V VII VIII I II IV V *- (. 3); ** - [7; 13, ]; limb (. 4).

9 13 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè íà «ßäðà, àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /23/ Ïîëó åíèå öèíêà âûñîêîé èñòîòû ñî åòàíèåì...,,,. -,, -.,,, -. - [11, 22] -. 2, %,, (Na, K, S, P, As, Se, Cd.) -. -, 95 % º, º. (Fe, Ni, Co, Si, Cu, Al, Au, Ag, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi, Li, Sn, Mn.). 2,3 < 1,5 1-4.%,5 /.,, ,5.. -,, 15. ~ /.,2 / g =,7,9.. 6, -. 6., 1 5 %. Pb Cd Fe Cu Sn As Al (.) 99, () 99,998 <,9 13 3,6 <,6 <,1,2 99,9998 <,9 14 <,9 <,1 <,6 <,1 <,3 99,99997 <,9 1,3 <,9 <,1 <,6 <,1 <,3. 6,,, ,3 1-5 %, -. (- ), : Mg, Si, P, S (1 1-6 %); Cl, K, Ca (2 1-6 %); Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn (3 1-6 %); Ni, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Rh, In (4 9) 1-6 %., -. limb -. -

10 N, - 6N (85 9 %). 1...,..,.... //. 1961, ,.... //. 1961, ,..,..,.....:, 1965, ,.... //.,. 1973, , //. 1994, ,..,..,..,.... // , , : -, // , ,.....:, 1969, 23 c // ,..,...,, -. //. 21, :, 1961, ,.....:, 1992, ,.,., :, 1987, ,.... 1, 2., 1962, ,..... IV...:, 1979, A. Hayes, J. Chipman. //Trans. AIME V P ,..,.., :,, 23, ,..,..,... - limb. //..,,. 22, ,..,..,..,.., //. 1983, , ; , 3. OBTAINING HIGH - PURITY ZINC COMBINING THE DISTILLATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION PURIFICATION METHODS G.P. Kovtun, A.P. Shcherban, V.D. Virich National Science Center Institute of solid-state physics, materials science and technologies 6118, KharkIv, Ukraine, Academic 1, street. In the present work the analysis and comparison of different purification methods of zinc have been made. The calculation the distillation process of zinc has been made. The calculation results of the equilibrium k B and the limiting k limb segregation coefficients of admixtures in zinc under direction crystallization from the melt have been proposed. On the basis of these calculations and analysis of binary constitutional diagrams the behaviour classification of admixtures in zinc under directional crystallization with conformity to a periodic elements system has been made. The experimental results obtaining high-purity zinc combining the distillation in vacuum and the crystallization from the melt by Czochralski method have been presented. It has shown the opportunity of use combination these methods for getting from primary zinc cleanliness 4N the zinc of classification 6N with high (85 9) % yield such purity. KEY WORDS: high-purity zinc, segregation coefficients, vacuum distillation, directional crystallization, classification of admixtures, mass spectrometry, element analysis.

Tài liệu tương tự

Microsoft Word - GIAO TRINH HOA DAI CUONG.doc

Microsoft Word - GIAO TRINH HOA DAI CUONG.doc LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Giáo trình Cơ sở lý thuyết hoá học được viết nhằm phục vụ cho môn học này ở bậc đại học thuộc các chuyên ngành kỹ thuật (xây dựng, môi trường, cơ khí, nhiệt, điện...), hệ đào tạo chính quy