Bullettin JULY 2021 INSIDE 2.indd

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3 FUn-täm-dnbð _p- À ss{]kv t\-sn-b A-äv ss\äv HmÄ»Uv Cu-kv»m- v Un- kn _p-iv -kn-eq-ss ]p-d- n-d pw 2021þse CâÀ-\m-j-W _p- À ss{]kv t\-sn-b tu-hn-uv Un-tbm-]n-sâ A-äv ss\äv HmÄ»Uv Cu-kv»m- v F- ]p-kvx-iw Un kn _p-iv-kn-eq-ss ]p-d- n-d- pw. CâÀ-\mj-W _p- À ss{]kv t\sn-b B-Zy-s {^- v t\m-h-en-kv-äm-wv tu-hn-uv Un-tbm]v. Cw n- -jn-te- v hn-hà -\w snbv-x Un-tbm-]nsâ BZy- t\m-h-emwv A-äv ss\äv HmÄ»Uv Cu-kv»m- v. A sam-tjm-h- n-km-wv ]p-kvx-iw hn-hà -\w sn-bv-xn-cn- p- -Xv. tzio-b-hm-z-hpw hn-a-x-kz-c- fpw hn-jymx N-cn-{X-Im-cnbmb tdm-an-em Ym- -dp-ss c- p- ]pxn-b ]p-kv-x-i- -fmwv Cu am-kw {]-kn-²o-i-cn- p- Xv. k-a-imen-i C- y³ ]-Ým- -e- nâ G-hcpw hm-bn- n-cn-t hf-sc {]-k-àam-b c- p- ]pkv-x-i- -fm-wv tz-io-b-hm-zhpw hn-a-x-kz-c- -fpw, N-cn-{XmhÀ \w F- nh. A\izc-IY-IÄ aebmf nse BZy-Ime IYmIr p Ä apxâ kaimeo\ IYmIr p Ä hsc bpå {]apjcpss Gä-hpw ani IYIÄ XncsªSp v AhXcn n p- "A\izcI- YIÄ ]c-¼-c-bv v Un kn _p-iv-kv Xp-S- w Ip-dn- p-i-bm-wv. Cu Xeapdbpw hcpwxeapd Ifpw hmbnt A\izcIYIÄ hnhn[ ]TnXm Ä XncsªSp v hnizamb ]T \ tfmss AhXcn n- p p. H.- hn. hn-pb³. am-[-hn- p-«n, hn-. si. F³., efnxmw_ni A À-Ö\w, Fw. ]n. \m-cm-b-w-]nå, ]p-\- nâ Ip-ª-_vZp-Å F- n-h-cp-ss I-Ym-k-amlm-c- -fm-wv B-Zy L-«- nâ ]p-d- n-d- p- Xv. H-cn-  q-sn F³ tam-l-\³ a-ebm-fi-y-bnâ Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS Á m-h-{]-] -s ti-{µm-\p- Á -h-am n-b F-gp- p-imc-\m-wv F³ tam-l\³. A-t±-l- n-sâ {]-ikv-x c-n-\-ifm-b C- e-s a-g, F³ cxtam-l-\³ I-Y-IÄ k-¼qà- w F- n-h Un kn _p-iv-kn-eqss hm-b-\- m-cn-se- p-i-bmwv. H- w ZoÀ-L-Im-e-am-bn e- Á y-aãm-xn-cp- H-cn-  F- I-Ym-k-am-lm-c-hpw. ]pxnb ]pkvxi Ä Km³Uv am-ìà ]Z-hn I-c-Ø-am n-b BZy Á mcxob³ {hn-iz-\m-y³ B-\-µn-sâ ssa³-uv am-ìà, s_ìv skãà Fgp pimc\mb tdm_à«v F. jpådpss hfcq \n Ä - pdw, kzm-an cm-a-bp-ss Po-hn-Xw B-\-µ-I-c-am- m³ F- o G-ähpw ]pxnb {]tnmzi {K-Ù- Ä hnpb nsâ clky Ä a\ênem n anihv t\sp sx s\sb v hmb\ mà p ap nâ AhXcn n p- p. Dw-_Àt m F-t m-bp-ss tdm-km- q-hn-sâ t]-cv, 1923-þ \pw 2005þ\pw CSbn {]kn²oirxamb Gähpw ani 100 Cw njv t\mhepiä sssw amkkn³ ]«nis Sp nbt mä A q«nâ CSwt\-Sn-b Pm v sitdzm nsâ On The Road F- ]p-kv-x-i- n-sâ a-ebm-f ]-cná m-j D- m-zn-bp-ss bm-{x, A-e-Iv-km À tp ºv sf ]n-f-kn-sâ F -s\ {]-kw-kn- Ww, tz-hv-z-xv ]-Sv-\m-bv-In-sâ \n-ý-bn- p-d- ko-x, s]m-cp-xn t\sn-b ]m-þ-hà F- o ]pxn-b ]p-kv-x-i- Ä-Iq-Sn hm-b-\- m-cp-ss ssi-i-fnse- p- p. c-hn Un kn

4 - Our Vision 'A disinterested endeavour to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world' tic-f- n-ep-s-\o-f-ap-å Un- kn- _p-iv-kv Idâ v _p-iv-kv ]p-kv-x-i-im-e-i-fp-ss hn-h-c- -f-dn-bm³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q Fgp pimcpss {i²bv v {]kn²oicw n\mbn Un kn _piv-knte v Ab p ssisbgp v/sss v-skäv snbvxxmb amäà as n Gev]n m³ _p²nap«pifp v. HdnPn\ tim n Fgp pimà ssihiw kq nt XmWv. Pqsse 2021 e- w 447 DÅS w _på-än³ 1196 an-yp\w þ IÀ- S-Iw 1943 B-jmVw þ {imhww 1442 ZpÂ-JAZv þ ZpÂlPv 05 A-\-iz-c-I- -I-Ä 07 lnwkbpssbpw hyk\ nsâbpw AXnKqVamb Ncn{Xw cmlpâ cm[mirjvw³ 08 hnaxkzc fpss apg- w _npo-jv _m-e-ir-jv -W³ 10 tdm-km q-hn-sâ t]-cv tum. cm-[n-i kn. \m-bà 12 hfcq \n Ä - pdw en³kn si. X - ³ 15 Po-hn-Xw B-\-µ-I-c-am- m³ 18 bmsxmcp X msdsp p-anãm Hcp bm-{x tum. AtimIv Un{Iqkv 25 s]bvsxm-gnª kzmxn-talw AeIvkm À tp _v 30 C _p v ebooks.dcbooks.com amt\-pn-mv F-Un-äÀ : c-hn Un kn Cjyq F-UnäÀ : ]màæ-xn Fw.Fw. FUn-täm-dn-b t_màuv F.hn. {io-ip-amà Achnµ³ BÀ. cm-a-zmkv {]Im-iv am-cmln kp\q-]v N-{µ-tiJÀ Zo]v-Xn Zn-t\iv kmen-äv txmakv t{k-kv tpmbn IoÀ n hn. kmkà s{]mu-ivj³ hnîà kmw amxyp A\n si.hà- okv Unssk³ & te Hu«v iymw jmpn

5 A\izcIYIÄ A\izcIYIÄ: amdnb Imes amdnb hm-b\-iä IYbn tnmzyw ]msnsã mwv ]d nse nepw Ct mä GXp IYtbmSpw hmb\ m cpss Á mhpixzw {]XnIcn psim ncn p p. amdnb ImgvNIfpw ImgvN mspifpw IYbn CSs]Sp p. Imew IYbn CS s]sp p. ]gb hmb\ifnse ImgvNIsf Xncp p p, ]pxp p p. Hmtcm hmb\ bpw ]pxnb ]mt Ä krãn p p. Cu Hcp ]Ým e nemwv aebmf nse BZyIme IYmIr p Ä apxâ ka Imeo\ IYmIr p Ä hscbpå {]apj cpss IYIfpsS kamlmc Ä Un kn _pivkv Hcp ]c¼cbmbn {]kn²oicn p Xv. Hmtcmcp cpssbpw Gähpw {] kàamb IYIÄ, Cu Xeapdbpw hcpw XeapdIfpw hmbnt A\izcIYIÄ, hnhn[ ]TnXm Ä XncsªSp v hni Zamb ]T\ tfmss AhXcn n pi bmwv. \thm m\ime IYIsf pw B[p\nI IYIsf pw AkvXnXzhmZ IYIsf pw ]dªv Ime nsâ IpänIfn si«nbnss «IYIsf ]pxnb ImgvNIfnte v Xpd phn«v AhXcn n p Cu A\izcIYIfpsS ]pkvxi]c¼c aebmf IYmkmlnXys ]pxpxeap difnte v kw{ian n p H mbn o cpsa v {]Xo n mw. A\izcIYm]c¼cbn BZyambn {]kn²oicn p Xv efnxmw_ni A À Ö\w, am[hn p«n, hn. si. F³, Fw. ]n. \mcmbw]nå, H. hn. hnpb³, ]p\ nâ IpªÐpÅ F nhcpss IYmkam lmc fmwv. XpSÀ v aäp {]apjcpss IYmkamlmc fpw ]e L«fnembn {]kn²oicn pw. e-fn-xmw_n-i A- ÀP\w ]T\w ayq-kv tacn A-\-iz-c-I-Y-IÄ A\izcIYIÄ hn si F³ ]T\w kn _n taml³zmkv- A-\-iz-c-I-Y-IÄ am-[-hn- p-«n ]T\w kn F-kv N-{µn-I A\izcIYIÄ Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse 2021 A-\-iz-c-I-Y-IÄ A-\-iz-c-I-Y-IÄ H hn hn-pb³ ]T\w ]n si cm-p-ti-jc³ 5

6 F pw Im- pkq- n-t - \m-«-dn-hpiä Adnhnsâ \nehd tum. kn.bà. cmptkm]me³ "kwkv-imck¼ amb Hcp P\kapZm b nsâ ]mc¼cy\njvtamb \nà½nxnifpss ka{kxbmwv \m«dnhv. Hmtcm Iq«mbvabpw kwkv-imcnnós bpw kzxzs bpw \ms³ieifneqss Bhnjv-Icn p p v. hmsamgnbneqssbmwv \mtsmsnkwkv-imcw {]t ]Ww sn p Xv. \m«pkwkoxw, B«w, ]pcmhr w, IfnIÄ, ssitheiä, BNm c Ä F n s\ Hcp kaql nsâ apgp h³ kwkv-imcs AXv {]Xn\n[m\w sn p p F n s\ 1989-þ bps\kv-tim temicm{ã Ä mbn \mtsmsn ebpss {]kànsb pdn v hnfw_cw snbvxp. \m S³ ]m«pifpss tijcww, \mtsmsn ebpss DZvÁ hkn²m Ä, a\èmkv{x]camb ]T\w F nhbpw IS v C v \mtsmsnúm\ kn²m nsâ Xe nte v \m«dnhp] T\w F nt À ncn p p. \qäm pifmbn ]cnønxntbmsp tnà p Pohn tzip\ XIÄ kz w a nâ\n v {]mtbmkniambn cq]oicn Xpw ]e kwkv-imcnnó fneqss ssiamdnt m Xpamb {]IrXnbdnhpIfmWv \m«dnhv. simsnb mawsim v Bbnc W n\mfpiä acn FtXym]y AXnPohn Xv \m«dnhpifnte v as nbmbncp p. Cu Á qansb s bpw \s½ s bpw kwc n p Xn\v, ssphkzmx{ yw \ne\nà p Xn\v \m«dnhpifnte v as msx h F v temiw Xncn dnªncn p p. {KlWw sn s «AcnIpkXy fmwv \m«dnhpiä. hcsamgn Ncn{XImc mcpw AÁ npmx kwkv-imchpw KthjWØm]\ fpw AhKWn Hcp ssphni]cnkc amwv \m«dnhnsâ Ncn{Xw. Cu \ocpdhisf kaql nte p Xncn phn«v kwkv -Imc nsâ {]IrXnImcpWyk ev] Ä hos -Sp- p- IbmWv Cu Xncn dnhneqss sn p Xv. Ignª Ccp qdv hàjambn bqtdm]y³ bpànbpssbpw ]Snªmd³ imkv{x-kmt - XnIÚm\ nsâbpw ]X\ nâ\n mwv \m«dnhnsâ At\zjWw BcwÁn p Xv. {]IrXnhncp²amb hnik\coxnifnâ \n v hyxykvxamb, k penxamb hnik\ sf pdn v Nn n pt¼mä \m«dnhn\v C v Gsd {]m[m\yaps pw Ahsb _u²nikz himi nsâ ]cn[nbnâ sim phtc XmsW pw 1992 ssphssh hn²y I sh³j³ ]dbp p. A[nImc nsâ apiä «nâ\n på hnik\ n\p]icw P\Iob ]cnkcw txspt¼mä Htcsbmcp hgn \m«dnhnsâ kwtbmp\amwv. kmàhtziobamb X z fpss ASnØm\ nâ \nàhnn mt\m Is mt\m Ignbp Xà \m«dnhv. {]m tziniamb bpànbnâ\n mwv AXv P sasp p Xv. A\yh cn s «C s kaql nâ Iq«mbvaIfpsS ]mckv]cy hpw Ncn{Xt_m[hpw hos -Sp p Xn \pw {Kma fpss kzm{ibxzw \ne\nà p Xn\pw \m«dnhpifpss sshá hw Bhiy amwv. BZnhmknIfpw {KmaoWcpw aäv sxm gnâ q«mbvaifpas p kaql n\v H«\h[n \ms³ieifpw \m«dnhpifpap v. ChbpsS kpohhmlicmb \m«pss\]p WnIÄ BthZIÀ CÃmXmhp txmss Bg nepå B hnúm\w CÃmXmhpIbmWv. cmpm - mcpssbpw A[nImcZÃmÄ amcpssbpw Ncn{X n\v ]pd på P\ tziobxbpss B \m«p{]irxnncn{xw \ ap v \ãamhpibmwv. Hcp {]tzi nsâ sshhn²yamà IrjncoXn, ssphsshhn ²yÁ qani, \m«phg Ä, {KmaNcn{Xs HmÀ½Ifn si«nbp m p coxn, ]cn ØnXnNcn{Xw XpS nbh \m«dnhptijcw neqss \nà½n m\mhp p. AXn\m P\XbpsS Ncn{Xhpw kwkv-imchpw \m«dnhpifneqssbmwv ]p\xkrãn m\mhpi Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

7 t\mhð lnwkbpssbpw hyk\ nsâbpw AXnKqVamb Ncn{Xw cmlpâ cm[mirjvw³ càcqjnxamb t]mcm«hpw sndp p\n  pifpw InS pifnse PohnXhpw H mwtem Ibp² nsâ Idp pw shfp pw \ndª ImgvNIfmWv. lnwkmßihpw Á b mspiä v NpäpapÅXpamb bp²bns fnâ i{xp sf sim phogv pi F bp²x{ w ]men Hcp ]«mf mc\nâ h páhn kzámh]cn Wmas pdn p BJym\amWv At Night All Blood Is Black. 2021þse CâÀ-\m-j-W _p- À ss{]-kv eá n, tu-hn-uv Un-tbm]v (David Diop) cnn Cu t\mhâ {^ nâ\n v Cw njnte v ]cnámj s Sp nbxv A tamkv-tim_m nkv (Anna Moschovakis) BWv. {^m³knâ 2018þ {]kn²oicn Cu ]pkv XIw CXn\Iw ]e ]pckv-imc fpw t\sn. CâÀ-\m-j-W _p- À ss{]-kv eán p {^ nse BZy Fgp pimc\mwv tu-hn-uv. ]mcnknâ P\n v, sk\kenâ hfà At±l nsâ c mas t\mhemwv CXv. Ncn{Xw \nèðam nb Hcp kwlàjkmybpss ZpxJ Icamb CuWs {ihyam p [Àaw At±lw GsäSp p p. sk\kenâ\n på ]«mf mcpss I nse H mw temibp²amwv Cu t\mhensâ B[mcine F v ]dbmw. H mw temibp ² nâ bp²w sn m\mbn B{^n bnepå bqtdm nsâ timf\nifnâ\n v At\Iw BfpIsf sxcsªsp pi ]Xnhmbncp p. s]mxpsh km¼ niambn Ac nxxz nâ Ignª B{^n ³ cmpy fnse sndp msc bp² n\v th n bqtdm nte på A\nhmcyamb ]emb\ n\v hnt[bcm n. eáy amb IW piä {]Imcw GXm v \m ece w B{^n mcmb ]«mf mscbpw H ce w bqtdm]y³ hwi]c¼cbnâ s]«hscbpw c ce n\p taâ Xt±iobcmb bp²{]hà Iscbpw 1914 apxâ 1918 hscbpå simã fnâ ] emb\w sn n p. {^ vtimf\nbmbncp sk\kense am\htijnsb X Ä v AÁ naxamhp Xc nâ D]tbmKn p A[n\nthiiànbpsS taât mbvabpw Al bpw ChnsS {]kàamb hnjbamwv. {^ v ssk\y nsâ Ám Kambn cq]wsim Senegalese Tirailleurs F ]«mfkwlw 1857 sxm«v {^m³kn\p th n ]e bp² fnepw Ám K Á m mbn. PÀa\ns XnscbpÅ bp² nâ X sf klmbn pi hgn BÀPn A\p Á hw {^m³knsâ sk\ken\p (B{^n bv pw) taepå B[n]Xyw XIÀ m³ Idp ]«mf msc {]m]vxcm ptam F Á bmi {^ v]«mf n\v AkzØX krãn p. A[nImchyhØsb XIÀ m\p Å _ex{ Ä AhnsS\n på P\ hnám Kw BhnjvIcn ptam F pw N e bv n«ncp kzmx{ yhmrvo I niä s]m«n p ]pd phcptam F pw A[nIm c nsâ shfp IqSmc fnepåhà BIpes SpIbpw snbvxp. H mw temi bp² nsâ Ime v Ccp]s m p _ ämenb³ SndbÀ ssk\yw {^ v]«mf nep v. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

8 Ncn{Xw tziobhmzhpw hnaxkzc fpw sdman-e m À Bdp thmfy fnembn {_n«ojv C ybpss Ncn{XsagpXnb Pbnwkv anâ apt m«ph ImeKW\ s]mxp[mcwisf AKm[ambn kzm[o\n pibp mbn. thàxncnhnsâ {]Xybimkv{X Ä v AXp shåhpw hfhpamipibpw snbvxp. lnµp C y, apkv -enw C y, {_n«ojv C y F Xmbncp p B Ncn{Xk  nsâ hgn. hntbmpn pi fnãm al mb ss]xriambn lnµp Á cwimes bpw simåbsn ensâ Imeambn apkvenw N{IhÀ namcpss Á cw Imes bpw P\Xsb kwkvimck¼ cm nb {_n«ojv Imes bpwipdn p anâ \S nb \nco W Ä ]n osp hmà p amxri Ifmbn. C c nepå Ncn{X nsâ hmb\bneqss bmymàyysa p \½Ä IcpXnb ]e [mcwisfbpw tnmzyw sn p Ibpw Xncp m³ t{]cn n pibpw sn p p F ns mwv sdmanem Ym dpss "tzio bhmzhpw hnaxkzc fpw F ]pkvxi nsâ {]kàn. C ybpss ZoÀL Ncn{X nâ apg nbn«på hnaxxz nsâ {] Xn[z\nIÄ At\zjn pibpw AXnsâ {]kànbpw kq vaxifpw ASbmfs Sp pibpamwv Cu ]pkvxiw. Unskâv Cukv Zv tk^vän hmâhv Hm^v sutam{ikn F p PÌnkv Un.ssh. N{µ NqVv ]dªtãm. A c nepå tk^vän hmâhpisf s\bmwv Hmtcm Ncn{XL«hnaXkzc fpss apg w _npo-jv _m-e-ir-jvw³ fnâ cq]s «sx v ]eime fnâ \n s Sp DZmlcW fneqss sdmanem Ym À hnhcn p p. Á cwiqs hnaài\ sfbpw tnmzyw sn episfbpw cm{ãob hntbmpn pisfbpw cmpyt{zml päam pibpw FXnÀkzc sfsbãmw sk³kàjn]vsim- v \nèðam pibpw sn p Ime v Cu At\zjW n\p cm{ãob {]kàntb dp p. sshzniimew sxm«v, tziob{]øm\ nsâ Ime neqss AXp kaimeni ]ucmhim i{]t má Ä hsc k cns p p. jlo³ _mknse ]ucmhimi {]t má th Znbnse nb Ncn{XImcn AhnsSbpbÀ hntbmpn nsâ kzc Ä tiä p p. Ncn {X ntes mcp ]n³\s n\v AXmWv t{]cwbmip sx p txm p p. P\m[n] Xy kaql fpss ASnØm\ KpWamWv AhnsS hnaxkzc Ä v CSap mhpi sb Xv. kaql fpss apt m«på {]hm l n\v, ]ptcmkxn v AXv A\nhmcyamWv. hntbmpn pisf A\phZn m ka{km[n ]Xykaql Ä si«n\nâ p shåw t]mse aen\amip p. tnmzyw sn epifneq ssbmwv \mkcnixiä ]cn]izambxv. bmymønxnixz n\pw hyhønxn pw FXnsc DbÀ hntbmpn pifpss _e n emwv kwkvimc Ä ]Sp pbà s «n «påxv Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

9 C y³ Ncn{X nâ Hcp kphàwimeap- mbncps pw Hcp knw^wn t]mse kzssciyap mbncps pw Akln jvwpxsbs v B \mkcn IXbv v A] cnnnxambncps pw Hcp an v krãn s Sp pibpw cm{ãob kuicy n\m bn {]Ncn n s SpIbpw snbvxn«p v. AXns\ Cu ]pkvxi neqss sdmane Ym À Xncp p p. Ass\Iyhpw A{Iahp saãmw Hmtcm Ncn{XL«nepw D mbn cp psh v sfiy n\på Blzm\ Ä Dbcp Xp tiä pt¼mgdnbmw. A cw BibkwLÀj fpss Ncn{Xs kui cy]qàhw ad ph psim mwv sshcp[y fnãm kphàwimesa an v krãns Sp p Xv. C ybpss Ncn{X nte v H p ImtXmÀ mâ Adnbmw hnaxkzc fpss apg w. hmz{] XnhmZ fneq nb XmÀ nix C y³ ZÀi\ Ä v A]cnNnXaÃ. FÃm \mkcn IXIÄ pw D mbncp Xpt]mse C ybv pw D v hyhøm]nxambxnt\m SpÅ hntbmpn pifpss ]mc¼cyw. hyh Øm]nXaX fpss bmymønxni Xzt msp Ieln psim v ]pxnb ax fpw ]gb ZÀi\ fpss Bib]camb ]mfn Isf Xncp ns m v ]pxnb Nn mkcwnifpw DdshSp p. sshzni{kù fnâ Bcy³amsct mse Zmksc pdn pw ]dbp p v. Bcysâ A]c]ZamWv ZmkÀ. AtX pdn v sdman em Ym À FgpXp p: "A]c nsâ kwkvimcamwv ZmkykwkvImcw. C mcyw a\ênâ h psim v EtKzZw {i²m]qàhw hmbn mâ Zmkkm n[ysa Xv tihew \maam{xam bxn\pw A pd msw Xn\p sxfnhp In«pw; kvxpxnkox Ä {]myaniambpw Bcy³amcpsS BNmc fpw hnizmk fpambn _Ôs «XmsW nepw. Ihmi sfeqjsb k ymkn Hcp ZmknbpsS ai\mbncps pw \mw hmbn p p. P\m[n]Xy]camb coxnifnâ {]Im in n s Sp AklnjvWpXIfpsS BhiyIXbp v kwkvimc Ä v. Á n kzc Ä v CSw A\phZn ncp Hcp \m KcnIX ChnsSbp mbncps p ] dbp Xp Ipd nâ t]msebmwv kuicy{] Ncn{XmhÀ \w sdman-e m À Zamb Ncn{X nsâ {]tbmàm Ä v. sshzni {_mòw ax sfbpw {iawax sfbpw tnà ph psim v hnaxkzc fpss {]kànsb DZmlcn p p v Ncn{XImcn. hntbmpn m\på AhImiw IpäIcamIp ImeamWnXv. kmaqlni\o Xnsb kw_ôn nst mfw Bib]camb FXncnSepIÄ F{Xt mfw {]kàamsw v \mw IqSpXÂ Xncn dnbp ImehpamWv CXv. FXnÀkzc sfsbãmw cmpyt{zml päw NmÀ n ASn aà p Hcp kaqls P\m[n]Xysa p hntijn n m\mhnã. F mwp hnaxxzsa p sdmanem hnizambn At\zjn p p v: "hntbmpn p hà FÃmbvt mgpw hnaxsc p kzbw {]Jym ]n mdnã; Nnet msg nepw GXfthmfam- Wv X Ä hnaxcmip Xv F Xns\ pdn p ]qàwt_m[yw t]mepanã AhÀ v. kaql nâ "A]c nsâ (Other) km n[ys ASbmfs Sp pibmwv, hnaxxzs Xncn dnbm\på IqSpXÂ kv]ãamb hgn Ifnsem v. CXp Xncn dnhv km[yam pibpw hnaxxzt msv AXns\ tnà phbv pibpw sn p p. FÃmänt\mSpw klnjvwpxbpw tbmpn pw h p]peà nbn«på \mkcnix- Itfm kaql tfm CÃ. Á n mib fpss kwlàjamwv kwkvimc sf apt m«p\ bn p t{]ciiàn. GXp kwkvimc nepw hyhøm]nxambxnâ\n p IpXdpIbpw sndp p\nâ pibpw sn p hnaxkm n[ys \ap p Is m³ Ignbpw. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

10 hnhà- m-\m-\p`hw tdm-km q-hn-sâ t]-cv Dws_Àt m Ft m hn-hà- -\- n-s\m-cps¼-sp-óh-sc `-b-s -Sp- m-\pw ]-cn owcm- m-\pwt]m-ó c-n-\- tum. cm-[n-i kn. \m-bà C-äm-en-b³ t\m-h-en-ìpw km-ln-xy-ssk-²m n-i-\p-am-b Dw-s_À-t m F-t m-bp-ss "Z s\-bnw Hm-^v Z tdm-kv (1980) F- hn-jymxt\m-h-en-sâ Cu a-e-bm-f]-cn-á m-j-sb "hn-hà- -\- n-sâ hn-hà -\- n-sâ hnhà- - \- n-sâ hn-hà- -\- n-sâ hn-hà- -\w F- p-th-ww hn-fn-t - -Xv. tem-i-s ]-e Á m-j-i-fnâ hn-hà- -\w sn- -s -SpI-bpw hym-]-i-am-bn ]Tn- -s -Sp-I-bpw sn-bv-xn-«på "tdm-km- q-hnsâ t]-cv hn-hà- -\- n-s\m-cp -s¼-sp- -h-sc Á -b-s -Sp- m-\pw ]-cn owcm- m-\pw- t]m- c-n-\-bm-wv. {Ko- pw e- o- \pw {^- pw PÀ-a-\p-apÄ-s -ss-bp-å Á m-j- I-sf Cw- n-jv hn-hà- -\- nâ- -s Cu C-äm-en-b³ t\m-h-enâ hm-b-\- m-cpw hn-hà- -I-cpw A-Á n-ap-jo-icn- p- p. a-c-wm-k- - \m-b A-Uv-tkm F- PÀ-a-\n- m-c-\m-b s_ \-Un-Iv-ssS³ ss{i-kv-x-h-k- ym-kn ]-Xn- memw- \q-äm- n-sâ H-Sp-hn X-sâ F -]- n- \m-emw h-b-ênâ e- o³-ám-j bnâ c-nn- ssisb-gp- p-{]-xn-bp-ss hn-hà- -\- n-sâ hn-hà- -\-am-bm-wv "tdm-km q-hn-sâ t]-cv Á m-h-\ sn- -s -«n-«p-å-xv. C-ä-en-bn-se H-cp s_-\-univ -sss³ k- ym-kn-at- nâ 1327 \-hw-_-dnâ A-c-t -dn-b-xpw Xm³-Iq-Sn km- n-bm-bn-cp- -Xp-am-b sim-e-]m-x-i-]-c- ¼-c-sb- -än {]m-no\ e- o-\nâ F-gp-Xn-b B HmÀ-½- p-dn- n-\v ]-Xn-s\-«mw\q-äm nâ H-cmÄ A- -s e- o-\nâ \-S- n-b ]p-\-cm-hnjv- Im-c(AXpw hn-hà- -\w-x-s ) n-\v - ]-s m- ¼-Xmw-\q-äm- nâ a-säm-cmä \-S- n-b {^- v hn-hà- -\- n-sâ C-äm-en-b³ hn-hà- -\- am-bm-wv Dw-s_À-t m X-sâ t\m-hâ A-h- X-cn- n- p- -Xv. Il nome della rose F- C-ämen-b³ Ir-Xn- v The Name of the Rose F- t]-cnâ hn-eyw ho-hà \-S- n-bn-«p-å Cw- n-jv hn-hà- -\(1983) n-sâ a-e-bm-fw hn-hà- - \-am-wv "tdm-km- q-hn-sâ t]-cv. "\-½p-sS Im-e- v- H-cp {]-k-àn-bp-an-ãm- I-Y sb- v B-ap-J- nâ ]-d-bp- Dw-s_Àt m F-t m ]-Xn- m-emw \q-äm- n-sâ ]-Ým- -e- nâ B-[p-\n-I-am-b A-]-kÀ- -I-I-Y-bpw D- -cm-[p-\n-i-{]-ta-b- -fpw km-lnxy-kn-²m- -hpw a-[y-im-ebq-tdm- n-se I-t m-en- m-k-á -bnâ "{In-kv-Xp-hn-sâ Zm-cn- {Zy s - p-dn- p- m-b ssz-h-im-kv-{x-]-c-amb hn-hm-z- -fpw ]m-j-þ-x(heresey)bp-am-bn _-Ôs «p- m-b c-à-cq-jn-x-am-b kw-làj- -fp-ss-bpw hn-nm-c-w-i-fp-ss-bpw N-cn-{Xhpw Iq-«n- -eà- p- k-ar-²-am-b ]mtm- c-xz(intertextuality) n-eq-ss A-km-[m-c-W -am-b ]m-cm-b-wm-\p-á q-xn-bm-wv "tdm-km- q-hnsâ t]-cn  kr-ãn- n-«p-å-xv. A-cn-tÌm-«n X-sâ hn-{ip-x-c-n-\-bm-b "Im-hy-aoamwk (Poetics)bp-sS c- mw- Á m-k-am-bn F-gp-Xn-b-sX- p hniz-kn- -s -Sp- -Xpw H-cn- -epw I- p- In-«n-bn-«n-Ãm- -Xp-am-b tim-aun-sb- -än-bp-å ]p-kv-x-i-hpw k ym-kn-at- n-se sim-e-i-fpw Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

11 X-½nep-Å _-Ôw A-t\z-jn- p- k- ymkn-am-cnâ sjà-e-iv- tlmw-kn-sâ-bpw hm-svk-sâ-bpw Om-b-bpw at- n-se A-Ô-\m-b sse-t{_-dn-b-\nâ B-[p-\n-I-Im-e-s AÀ- P-ssâ³ I-Ym-Ir- m-b tlmà-sl eq-bn t_mà-l-kn-sâ Om-b-bpw hm-b-\- mà- p Im-Wm³- I-gn-bpw. sime]m-x-i-i-y-bpw {In-kv-Xp-a-X- n-se B-Á y- -c-kw-là-j- - fp-ss IY-bpw am-{x-a-ã, ]p-kv-x-iw, {K-Ùme-bw, hym-jym-\- n-sâ ]-cn-an-xn, sx-än-hmb-\, Nn-cn F- n-h-bp-ss I-Y-bpwIq-Sn-bm-Wv "tdm-km- q-hnsâ t]-cv. a-[y-im-e-hn-izm-k-hpw D- -cm-[p-\n-i-k-tµ-l-hpw Cu t\m-h-enâ C-S-I-e-cp- p. I-gn-ª \m-ep-]-xn-äm- n-\n-s-bnâ hmb-\-bn-epw km-ln-xy-]t-\- n-epw h-en-b NÀ- -IÄ- p h-gn-sbm-cp- nb "Z s\-bnw Hm-^v Z tdm-kv H-cw-i-hpw hn-«p-i-f-bm-sx a-e-bm-f- n-te- p hn-hà- -\w sn- p-i Ám-cn - tpm-en-bm-bn-cp- p. hn-hà- -I³ F- \n-e-bn-epw hn-hà- -\w sn- -s -«F-gp- p-im-c-s\- \n-e-bn-epw hn-hà- - \-{]-{In-b-bn-se {]-iv-\- -sf- -än Ku-c-h-ap- Å B-i-b- Ä A-h-X-cn n- n-«p-å km-ln- Xy-ssk-²m- n-i³-iq-sn-bm-wv Dw-s_À-t m F-t m. A-t±-l- n-sâ "F-Iv-kv-]o-cn-b³-kv C³ {Sm³-kv-te-j³ (Cw- n-jv hn-hà- -\w, 2001) F- ]p-kv-x-i- nâ A-Xp Im-Wmw. "hn-iz-kvx-am-b hn-hà- -\ (faithful translation) n-sâ {]-iv-\- Ä hnizoicn p- F-t m B ]p-kv-x-i- nâ ]qà-wam-bpw hm- p-iä ]-I-cw-h-bv- p- ]-Zm- \p-]-z-hn-hà- -\w, Ám -j-iä X-½n-ep-Å kmw-kv-im-cn-i-hy-xym-kw, ssi-en-bpw _nw- _-I-ev-]-\-I-fpw kw-c- n- m³-th- n A- cmà-y- nâ \-S- p- hn-hà- -\- n-se Xym-K- Ä Xp-S- n-b-h A-h-X-cn- n- n-«p- v. Rm³ B-[m-c-am- n-b Cw- n-jv hn-hà- -\- nâ hn-hà- -I³ au-en-i-ir-xn-sb ]n- p-sà- v hm-b-\- mà- v B-tem-Nn- m-\pw I-s - m-\pw-th- n hn-hà- -\w sn- msx A-tX-]-Sn \Â-In-bn-«p-Å {]m-no-\ {Ko- v, {]m-no-\ e- o³, PÀ-a³, {^- v, C-äm-en-b³ ]-Z- -fpw hm-iy- -fpw ]-Zy-i-I-e- -fpw a-ebm-f- nâ hn-hà- -\w sn-bv-xm-wv "tdmkm- q-hn-sâ t]-cn  \Â-In-bn-«p-Å-Xv. B Á m-j-i-fn-se {]-tbm-k- Ä a-e-bm-f-en-]n-bnâ \-ev-in-b-ti-jw Xp-SÀ- v a-e-bm-f-hn-hà- -\w \Â-Ip- -Xm-Wv Rm³ kzo-i-cn- n-«p-å co-xn. C-Xn-hr- -hp-am-bn {]-Xy- -_-Ôw txm- n m- -Xm-Wv "s\-bnw Hm-^v Z tdm-kv F- ioà-j-iw. t\m-h-en-sâ Ah-km-\-hm-Iy-am-b "C- -e-s tdm-km- q-hv A-Xn-sâ t]-cnâ \n-e-\nev- p- p, \mw iq-\y-\m-a- Ä ssibm-fpw (Stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus) F- e- o³ Im-hy-i-I-e-am-Wv ioàj-i- n-\v- B-[m-cw. ]-e AÀ-Y- -fnâ A-Xp hym-jym-\n- -s -«n-«p- v. H-t«-sd ]-Þn-X-cpw kp-lr- p- -fpw Cu hn-hà- -\- n-\v F-s k-lm-bn- n-«p- v. F-s {]m-no-\- {Ko- pw {]m-no-\- e- o-\pw C-äm-en-b-sâ _m-e-]mt- -fpw ]Tn- n- C-ämen-b³ N-cn-{X-Im-c³ s{]m-^-kà s^-z-dn-t m sdm-an-\n-kn(sxmà-shà-km- bq-wn-th-gv-knän Hm-^v tdmw)s\-bm-wv B-Zyw kv-a-cnt - -Xpw \-µn-]-d-tb- -Xpw. "s\-bnw Hm-^v- Z tdmkn  F-t m D-]-tbm-Kn- n-«p-å {]m-no\ {Ko- v, e- o³ Á m-jm-{]-tbm-k- Ä s{]m-^. sdm-am-\n-kv ]-e-bm-hà- n F\n- v hym-jym- \n- pw hn-i-zo-i-cn- p-w X- p. C-ä-en-bn-se Nn-e Á m-jm-{]-tbm-k- Ä, B-Nm-c-a-cym-Z-IÄ, s]- cp-am-ä-co-xn-iä, A-\p-jvTm-\- Ä, Á - -W-{Ia- Ä F- n-h-sb-ãmw A-t±-l-am-Wp ]Tn- n- p-x- -Xv. Cäm-en-b³, Cw- n-jv D- m-c-w- Ä C-S-I-eÀ- sdm-am-\n-kn-sâ samgn-hg- - Ä F-\n- p ]-e-t m-gpw a-\-ên-em-imsx-h- p. J-c-hpw AXn-J-c-hpw Iq-«n-ap-«n, ar-zp-hpw tlm-j-hpw Øm-\w- am-dn. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

12 skð^v slð v hfcp\n- Ä- - pdw tdm-_à-«v F. jpåà kp{]kn² kn\nam\s³ {KnKdn s] nsâ ho«nte på kµài\ n\nsbnemwv Cu ]pkvxi n\v a\ênâ cq]w \ÂInbXv. At±l nsâ Gähpw ]pxnb t{]mpînsâ {]nhyqhn\mbn At±lw Fs bpw Fsâ AÑs\bpw Wn Xmbncp p. Fs kw_ôn v Fsâ PohnX nâ Hcp Dt PIiàn Bhiyambncp kabambncp p AXv, ]t, C{Xbpw {]XnÁ mimenbpw DÕpI\pamb hyàntbmsv kwkmcn pi F Xv Fs kw_ôn v F{Xam{Xw klm bicamip sa Xns\ än Rm³ Hcn epw kz]v\w I ncp nã. R sf kv-t\lt mss kzoicn Xn\p tijw Ignª ]Xns\«v amk tfmfambn At±l nsâ apgph³ PohnXhpw D] tbmkn F nt\mth n At±lw {]hà n pibmbncp p. At±lw FÃmbv-t mgpw sn m³ B{Kln ncp Ft m H n\p th n... F v anìà s] v hnizoicn p. At±lw ss nfns\ apgph³ sdt màuv snbvxp. At±l nsâ PohnX nse Gähpw al chpw Xr]vXnIchpamb shãphnfnifnsem v F mwv At±lw B A\pÁ hs hnfn Xv. At±l nsâ Nne sdt màun piä R Ä pth n t¹ sn m³ AbmÄ B{Kln p. At±l nsâ kzoicwapdnbnâ Nmb hfcq \n Ä pdw en³kn si. X ³ bv pth n Ipd p \nanj Ä snehgn Xn\ptijw ac q«ä nsbnâ Hcp sndnb XSnsIm v \nà½n IpSnente v At±l nsâ At À Fkvtään\ påneqss IS pt]mip CShgnbneqsS R Ä Xmtg p \S p. At±lw R sf At±l nsâ ai\v ]cnnbs Sp n. B sndnb IpSnen sh v snbvx sdt m Un nsâ ssiv -\n  F³Pn\obdmbncp p AbmÄ. ss nfnse Hmtcm hm pw ]cn ]qà Xbv pth n hmbn pibpw ]p\àhmbn pibpw snbvxpsim v anìà s] v [mcmfw kabw ChnsS snehgn ncp p. "\n\ v tbmpn psa v Is nb Hcp hmiyw Rm³ sxcsªsp n«p v. CXv tiä phm³ \n\ v XmXv]cyap mbncn p sa v Rm³ IcpXp p. At±lw R tfmsv ]dªp. "hnizmkw F txm Bin p Xnsâ Dd pw ImWm Imcy fpss \nýbhp amwv F B hmiyw Cu Akm[mcW \ Ssâ {]Xn[z\n p tcjs Sp nb ið nâ Rm³ thk nâ ti«p. ss nfn se Gähpw [oc mcmb hyànxz fpss IYIÄ DÄs «At±l nsâ ss nä hmb\ {i²n psim v A s\xs Rm³ B\µ]mchiy mâ \n p. B-apJ nâ-\n v Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

13 ]p\à-hmb\ lrzb nsâ Iim pime si. tcj ]pxnb XeapdbpsS hmb\bpssbpw Fgp nsâbpw tai pd v Cu A c q«w hcpt¼mä Cu hcnifnse A¼c n p kxykôx AkzØs Sp p p. C{Xbpw kxy Ä ]pxnb Imehpw Ime nsâ hmb\mioe fpw coxnifpw AÀln pt m F p \ymbambpw kwibn mw. taml\sâ Fgp ptai ]et mgpw lrzb nsâ Iim pimebmip p. temi nsâ aqà bpå I n an mbw t]mse DbÀ pxm gpt¼mä IcÄ ]nfcp Xnsâ AS nsbm Xp nb iðhpw tiä mw. F n«pw PohnX t msv kvt\lw _m n. a\pjy\nâ hnizm kw _m n, {]Wbn\ntbmSp {]Wbw _m n. tim«v spbnwkv ImWp Xp t]mse Iebn epå XmXv]cyaÃ, PohnX nepå XmXv] cy nâ\n mwv Cu IYIfpsS DZvÁ hw. adp]snifnãm Cu apdnhpiä kzbw ]n fà phepxmipibmwv. \msf Xncnªp sim p kà fmbn as nhcpsa {]XnImc nsâ t]màhnfnifnã. temeamb ]n³as w am{xw. F\n p sim napdn m³ Fsâ lrzbw am{xw axn F \ne]msv, efn Xmw_nI A ÀP\ nsâ ai\mbn FgpXn ps p Xv hensbmcp Á mcamwv. sndpip ªp sf sxm«nem«n-s m - v Xdbnencp v FgpXnbncp, ad psbv pånse alm\ ci Ä A c fneqss temis ImWn kmlnxyxdhm«nse Ipeo\bmb A½ snbvxxpt]mse kmaqlnihnaài\ tam kz w kapzmb nsâ AdIfnse I\ Ccp«nte v shfn w ]IcpI XpS nb Dt±iy sfm pw taml\sâ IY-IÄ- p- mbncp- nã. ""A½ hensbmcfhphsc Fsâ _p²n ]camb PohnXs kzm[o\n- n-«p mimw. ]t, _p²n]camb PohnXw am{xaãtãm PohnXw, A½bpsS km-lnxy]ým ew kmlnxy n\på Á uxni]ým ew am{x amwv. kz w hgnifneqss \S m\på ZrV\nÝbw XpS- w ap-x-te-bp mbncp p. F\n v Fsâ hgn F \ne]msv. IpSpw_ nepw \m«nepw \S p \o nb hgn mcifn-epw hmsnhow PohnX sf klm\pá qxntbmss ho n m\pw B IYm] m{x tfmssãmw ]qàwambpw XmZmßys Sm\ papå {ia Ä. kq vahnimc sf km{µoirxamb ZpxJambn F³. taml\³ ]cnhà n n p p. \mspw \K-chpw s]cphgnbnse IcnbneIÄ F IYbn \Kc nsâ NpgnIfnepw aecnifnepais Sp apcfnbpw tkm]nbpwþþ\½pss B ]mhs «\m«p¼pd p\n v aeapifneqss hfªp ]pfªp\o p Im«phgnbneqsS \S v \msa n\mwv \Kc nsâ Cu Im\\m c fnâ h ps]«xv? apcfn Xo{hthZ\tbmsS, acn pt]mb Bßan{Xw tkm]ntbmsp a\ Ên tnmzn p p. {KmaoWXtbmSpÅ Cu aaxbpw \Kct mspå AI bpw taml \sâ IYm]cnkcs \nxykhntijxiä F pxs ]d-bmw. Ip«n mew {]IrXntbmSnWtNÀ v \m«n³ ]pd v Pohn p ]n osv PohntXm]mbw txsn \Kc nse p A³]XpIfnse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

14 B sndp mc³, Ccp]Xp hàjw am{xw {Kma nâ Pohn mepw tijw AXnse{Xtbm Cc«n Pohn \Kc nsâ kmaqlniim kv{x n\\pkcn v Nen m\mhm \nê lmb\mwv. \Kctaf fnepw {Kmaw AbmfpsS DÅn N{Iw Nhn«p p. Rmäp]m«pXn À p p. ]t, ]pdta \Kcs kzoicn msx h. ]ns ]nt m«p \S m\\pa Xn eá n p Xv a\ên\p am{xamwv. {KmaPo hnx nsâ kuayamb emfnxy nâ \n m Wv Cu IYIÄ DuÀPhpw \nàhrxnbpw txsp Xv, \Kcw Abmsf ]et mgpw Cc bm p- p. "Xncph\ ]pcw F IYbnse sndp mc³ \KcPohnX nsâ ]cpjxbnâ PohnXwXs shdp bmfmwv. CXp Xncph \ ]pcamwv. ChnsS AbmÄ v F pw apdnthänt«bpåq. F pw thz\-tb D m bn«påq. Abmsf \in n Xv Cu \KcamWv. A¼e pf nâ Ipfn pw A¼ eaxnâs «nâ Ifn pambncp p Ah³ hf ncp Xv. Ahsâ a\ên\v Xp¼ qhnsâ sh bpw Xpfkn qhnsâ kpk-ô-hp-ap- mbncp p. Fsâ Á mhn Á qxambn oà ncn p p, kplrs! ap nepw ]n nepw F\n p Á qxw am{xtabpåq. Rm³ HmÀaIfn am{xw Pohn p p. HmÀaIfnÂ\n p ]ns ntemss ]ehpcp ]pd phcp Cu IYm]m{Xw Hcp a\ênsâ krãn am{xaã, Hcp ImeL«nsâ Nn{Xam WXv. Ime nsâ N«sam n på IWni amb Nm{InI]cnWma Ä nsbnâ ]ngp sxdnbs Sp PohnX Ä, A s kmaq -lni kml-n-cy- -fpss Á mk-am-bn-cp- p. F³. tam-l\³ IYbpsSbpw IhnXbpsSbpw AXnÀhc¼pIÄ ImWm\mhm hn[w Ámj ]pd nd p ssienbmwv taml\tâxv. A\pÁh kxy sf IYIfm n ]cnhà n p ckx{ nâ \pw bvs mcp ] p v. \pw F{Xt mfsa ]mihnúm\w Cu IYIfpsS ]ndhn p ]n nep v. taml\sâ GXp IYbnepw kvt\lözcw ]q p]msp Hcp ] nbp v. AXv kvt\ ln pibpw ZpxJn pibpw sn p a\pjymßmhpxs bmwv GXpImes bpw GXp tzis bpw... þ H.F³.hn. Ipdp v DS³ h-cp p Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

15 P-oh-nX-w AX-ns-â FÃ-m AÀ -ne-p-w P-oh-n -px-oà Hc-mf-ps-S k-m -ys-a-mg-nif-mw- C-u {-KÙ-w. Ak-m[-mcWX-z-ws-I-m -p-w s-s-h c-p[-y Äs-I-m -p-w {-it-²b\-mb k-z-ma-n c-ma-, Xs-â \-o P-oh-nXI-me -n\-nsb-nâ Bß-obh-p-w Á -ux-nih-pa-mb H«\h[-n D X] Zh-nIÄ Ae c-n -pib-p-w X-yP-n -pib-p-w s-nb-x-p. AX-nt-e -på X-nc-nª-pt-\-m«-w "B\µIca-mb P-oh-nX-w- F Ie At-±l-w F s-\b-mw-v s-s-ihc-n s-x -p a\ê-ne-m -m³ \s-½ kl-mb-n -p-w. C-u Ie aä-påhs-c ]T-n -n -p X-n\- v At-±l -n\-på kh-nt-ij t-b-mk-yxif-ps-s I-mcWh-p-w AX-p s-hf-ns- S-p -p -p. h-r²{-_-mòw Z¼X-nIf-ps-S ai\-mb-n At-±l-w P\-n -p. Gs-d s-s-hi-ms-x At-±l -ns-â ]-nx-mh-p ac-n -p. A½b-v -p I-mg-vN \j-vss- «-p. Hc-p _-wk-mf-nk -y-mk-n At-± ls- Zs- S-p -p. l-na-mebk-m\-p f-ns-e K-pl-m{-ia f-ne-mw-p hfà s-x -ne-p-w-, BZ-y-w h-puvt-ì-m -nâ\-n -p-w (a-pt-ê-md-nb-ne-på Hc-p s-k âd-n k-vi-qä-) ]-n -os-v Ael_-mZ-v kàhie-mi-meb-nâ\-n -p-w At-±l -n\-v h-nt-zic-ox-nb-ne-på h-nz-y-má -y-mk-w eá -n -p. ]-n -os-v-, X-m³ P-oh-n -p t-e-mi -ns-âb-p-w P-oh-nX -ns-âb-p-w \-nk-qvxiä a\ê-ne-m -m \-pd v At-±l-w C -yb-ne-ps\-of-w k c-n -p-. al-mß-mk-mô-n-, ch-o{-µ\-my S-mt-K-mÀ X-pS -nb al-mk-pc-p -màs- -m -w ]T-n -pib-p-w K-pc-p-t-{-ij-vT- -màs- -m -w X-mak-n -pib-p-w v skð^v slð v Po-hn-Xw B-\-µ-I-c-am- m³ kzm-an cm-a Ak-m[-mcWX-z-ws-I-mï-p-w s-s-hc-p[-y Äs-I-mïp-w {-it-²b\-mb k-z-ma-nc-ma s-nb-vx-p. 24þ-m-w hbê-nâ l-nµ-pax -ns-e i c-mn-mc-yà F D X]Zh-nb-n At-±l-w \-nba-nx\-mb-n. a-q -p hàj -n\-pt-ij-w At-±l-w C-u t-{-ij-vt ]Zh-n s-hs-nª-p I-pS-p-w _P-oh-nX-w X-ncs-ªS-p -p. c -p I-p«-nIf-ps-S ]-nx-mh-mb-n. ]-n -os-v k -y-mk -nt-e -p X-nc-n ª-p. 12 hàj -me-w GI-m Xb-n Ig-n -pi-q«-nb k-z-ma-n c-ma X-pSÀ - v ]-mý-mx-y\-ms-pif-ns-e -n-. t-b-mkb-p-w Bb-pÀt-hZh-p-w ka{-k-mt-c-mk-yh-p-w Bß-obXb-ps-a-ms- ]c-ni-oe-n -n -p X-n\pt-h -n "l-na-meb³ C³Ì-näyq«v-v- F Hc-p _l-pc-mjv{-s k-wls\ Ø-m]-n -p. l-na-meb³ C³Ì-näyq«v {-]k-nuâv F \-neb-nâ A²-y-m] I\-mb-p-w AU-va-n\-n-k-vt-{-Säd-mb-p-w t-p-me-n s-nb-vx-p. Bß-ob-m\-pj-vT-m\ t-f-ms-på AÀ- W-at-\-mÁ -mhh-p-w GI-m P-oh-nXt- -m S-pÅ h-yà-n]ca-mb X-mX-v]c-yh-pa-mW-v At-± ls- \b-n -nc-p s-x -ne-p-w e-ui-nii-mc-y f-nâ At-±l-w {i²n- n-cp p. k -mc-w-, A[-y-m]\-w-, Fg-p -v-, P-oh-nX -ns-â FÃ-m X-pdIf-ne-pa-pÅ h-nz-y-mà -nif-ps-sb-p-w ]c-n i-oe\-w-, C³Ì-nä-y-q«-ns-â {-]hà \ Ä F -n s-\ B[-p\-nIP-oh-nX -ns-â k -oà XIf-n At-±l-w ]-qà a-mb-p-w a-pg-pi-n. kh-nk-vxca-mb Ad-nh-ns-à -nât- -me-p-w k-z-ma-n c-ma Ak-m[-mcW h-yà-nb-mb-nc-p -p F -p a\ê-ne-m -m³ C-u el-ph-nhcw-w ax-n. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

16 skð^v slð v ssa³-uv am-ìà hn-iz-\m- ³ B\µv "snêv kmlnxyw F {]tbmkw ]e cnepw A¼c v Dfhm ntb mw. ]t, aäv ImbnIhnt\mZ fnâ\n pw hyxy kvxkzámhw ]peà p snêns\ s]m Xpsh Hcp ss[jwni hnt\mzambmwtãm ]cnkwn p hcp Xv. snên\v aäp ]e sshúm\ni imjisft msexs AXniàamsbmcp ssk²m ni ASn dbp v F hkvxpx ]eà pw AdnbnÃ. hyxykvx Á mjifnembn Hcp e ne[niw snêv {KÙ Ä {]kn²oicn s «n«p v. CXn\p ]pdsa snêv amkniiä, Hm sse³ {]kn²oicw Ä F nh snêv kmln Xys Zn\w{]Xn k¼pãam ns m n cn pibpw sn p p. snênsâ {]mcwá L«w, a²yl«w, A yl«w, IfnIfpsS hniie\ Ä, hnpbx{ Ä, alm{]xná IfpsS IfnIfpsS kamlcw Ä, snêv {]iv\ Ä, aõc fnifpss kaml cw Ä F nhbmwv s]mxpsh Chbn Á qcná mk nsâbpw DÅS w. AtXmsSm w snêv F hnt\mzs bpw AXn kaà nxamb PohnX sfbpw at\mlcambn timà nw p PohNcn{X fpw Bß IYIfpw snêv kmlnxy n\ pdw Ncn{X nte pw PohNcn{X nte pw BßI Ybnte pw hym]n p kmlnxy IrXnI fmwv. t_m_n ^njdnsâ My 60 Memorable Games, tuhnuv t{_m Ìo\nsâ ssa³-uv am-kv-äàþ 64 I-f- fpw I-S-sóm-cp m-kniv F³. BÀ. A-\nÂ-Ip-amÀ Sorcerer's Apprentice, anjmtbâ Xmensâ My Life and Games, hnàà timà pt\m bnbpss Chess is My Life, Kmcn Imkv]tdmhnsâ My Great Predecessors, AeIvkn jntdmhnsâ Fire on the Board XpS nbh Cu tajebnse F w ]dª mkn p IfmWv. F mâ Á mcxob snêv CXnlmkw hniz\my³ B\µnsâ Mind Master \mfnxp hsc FgpXs «FÃm snêv kmlnxycn\ IfnÂ\n pw XnI pw hyxkvxamwv. Master mind F {]tbmks adn n«v Mind Master B pi F D]cn¹hamb {]{Inb am{xaã ChnsS kwá hn p Xv. 5 XhW temi snêv IncoSw NqSnb Hcp alm [njwmimen Xsâ a\ênsâ Bg fnte v Cd ns v Xs temi nsâ D pw KirwK fnte v sims n am\kni hym]mc fneqs Sbpw ss[jwni {]{In bifneqs Sbpw \S p A\nXckm[m cw fmb At\zjW ÄIqSnbmWv Cu ]pkvxis hyxykvxam p Xv. temis H ma\mbn amdp Hcp a\p jysâ a\êv F s\ {]hà n p p F p am{xaã, AXn\mbn Xm³ F s\ bmwv Xsâ a\ênsâ A[n]\mbXv (master) F Xnsâ \nkqvxifnte p IqSn B\µv Xsâ kxymt\zjw sf \ bn p p Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

17 tum. AtimIv Un{Iqkvt\mhð D mznbpss bm{x Pm v sitdzmiv bmsxmcp X msdsp panñm Hcp bm-{x 1923þ\pw 2005þ\pw CSbn {]kn²o IrXamb Gähpw ani 100 Cw njv t\mh epiä sssw amkkn³ ]«nis Sp n bt mä A q«nâ CSwt\Snb IrXnbmWv Hm Zn tdmuv. Atacn ³ Fgp pimc\mb Pm v sitdzm nsâ c m as t\mhemwnxv. tpmb³ lms] À«nsb c mw Á mcytbmssm w am³lm«\nâ Xmakn pt¼ä 1951 G{]nen aq v BgvNIÄsIm v FgpXn oà ]pkvx- IamWv Hm Zn tdmuv. cn\mthfbnâ, Á mcy F n psimsp Im nbpw knkcäpw ISehdp Xpw ]ns s_³kn³t{umw F ab pacp pw am{xambncp p sitdzm nsâ Á Ww. sss v ssdädnâ IS nhnsm\på Afhn apdns Sp v, 120 ASn \of nâ Hä pcpfmbn H«ns Sp ISemÊnemWv t\mhâ cnn s «Xv. knwkä kv-t]knâ sss psnbvx BZy cq] n\v amàpnt\m JÞnIItfm D mbncp nã. ]n osv FUnäp snbvxt m gmwv JÞnIIÄ cq]s «-Xv. FUnän nsâ Á mkambn ssewknix apän\nâ p ]e ÁmK fpw sitdzm p Xs Hgnhm nbn«p v. {]km[icpss \n Àt±i{]Imchpw Ipsd Á mk Ä Hgnhm m³ Fgp pimc³ \nà_ônx\mbn. BZyIme fnâ ]pkvxi n\v Imcyamb kzoimcyx D mbnsã nepw ]n osv Pm v sitdzm ns\ {]ikvxnbpss simspapsnbnte v sims - n Xv Hm Zn tdmuv Bbncp p. BZy]Xn nsâ A¼Xmw hmàjni nâ, 2007þÂ, ssh-inmv {]Êv FUnäpsN m ]Xn v {]kn²oicn ncp p. Hm Zn tdmuv: Zn HdnPn\ kv-t{imä F mbncp p AXnsâ t]cv. B ]Xn nâ FÃm IYm]m {X Ä pw t]cpiä hyxykvxambncp p F XmWv Gähpw IuXpIIcamb Imcyw. AXn\p ImcWap v; Pm v sitdzm nsâ ZoÀL k mc fmwv t\mhensâ {]tabw. Atacn bneqssbpw saiv-knt mbneq ssbpw Fgp pimc³ Dä N mxns m w \S nb bm{xbpss BI pibmwv Cu ]pkvxiw. t\mhense Uo³ samdnbmà«n bymà PohnX nâ \oâ IkmUnbmWv; ImÀtem amàiv-kv Aa³ Kn³kv_ÀKpw. t\mhense GXms Ãm IYm]m{X fpw Pohn ncn p hcmwv. t\mhensâ BZycq] w X mdm nbt mä sitdzm v FÃmhÀ pw AhcpsS icnt cpiäxs bmwp \ Inbncp Xv. ]n osmwv IYm]m{X fpss t]cpiä amänbxv. "Fsâ A ³ acn v Gsd \mfpiä Ign bp Xn\p ap¼mwv Rm\mZyambn \oens\ ImWp Xv F mbncp p BZys ssi sbgp p {]Xnbnse BZyhmNIw. AXmWv Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

18 JACK KEROUAC D mznbpss bm{x A¼XpIfnse Atacn ³ PohnX nsâ X-kn- n- p- D- m-z- -fpss t\à mgvnbmwv Cu t\mhâ A¼XpIfnse Atacn ³ PohnX nsâ {X-kn- n- p- D- m-z- -fpss t\à mgvnbmwv Cu t\mhâ hnhà- \w : Atim-Iv F {Un-{Iqkv hnhà- \w : Atim-Iv F {Un-{Iqkv Un kn _p-ivkv t\mhâ E-book available ~ 000 Un kn _p-ivkv D mznbpss bm{x D m-zn-bp-ss Pm v sitdzmiv bm{x Pmkv kwkoxw, ssewknix, k mcw, elcn F nh ioeam nb Atacn ³ bphxbpss {]XoI fmb kmâ ]mcssukpw Uo³ samdnbmà«nbpw \S p bm{xifpss ]Ým e nâ cnn s «t\mhâ. sitdzm nsâ BßIYm]camb cn\bmbxpsim pxs {]kn²oirxamb \mäapxâ hnhmz fpw hnaài\ fpw Cu t\mhens\ hnsmsx ]n pscp p. _oäv XcwKhpw Iu À IÄ dpw Atacn ³ bphxeapdsb Bg nâ kzm[o\n p Xn\v ImcWamb Cu IrXn sssw amkknsâ Gähpw ani 100 Cw njv t\mhepifpss ]«nibnâ CSw ]nsn p. A¼XpIfnse Atacn ³ PohnX nsâ {X-kn- n- p- D- m-z- -fpss t\à mgvnbmwv Cu t\mhâ hnhà- \w : Atim-Iv F {Un-{Iqkv Un kn _p-ivkv t\mhâ JACK KEROUAC Pm v sitdzmiv ON THE ROAD E-book available ~ 000 t\mhâ E-book available ]n osv, "Á mcybpambn ]ncnªv Gsd \mfpiä Ignbp Xn\p ap¼mwv Rm\mZyambn Uo\ns\ ImWp Xv F m n amänbxv. IY]d nepimc\v "kmâ ]mcssukv F t]cp \ÂIs «Xpw Gsd gnªmbncp p. ("kmuv ]mcssukv F t]cmbncp p B IYm]m{X n\v IqSpX tncp Xv F mbncp p ]n osv \ncq]ià AÁ n{]mb s «Xv!) kmâ ]mcssukpw Uo³ samdn bmà«nbpw X½nepÅ kulrz nsâ IY am{xaã "Hm Zn tdmuv ]dbp Xv apxâ 1950 hscbpå Atacn bpss apgph³ Ncn{Xhpw Cu IrXnbn ]dªn«p.v k mcw, kwkoxw, elcn, D mzw, kulrzw, BßobX F nhbpss IeÀ mwv Cu t\mhâ. t_m_v Une³, hm³ tamdnk, Pnw tamdnk XpS n Ht«sd IhnIsfbpw Km\cNbnXm sfbpw Cu t\mhâ kzm[o\n n«p v. AXpt]mseXs, Hcp 18 Pm v sitdzmiv # D mznbpss bm{x D mznbpss bm{x Pmkv kwkoxw, ssewknix, k mcw, elcn F nh ioeam nb Atacn ³ bphxbpss {]XoI fmb kmâ ]mcssukpw Uo³ samdnbmà«nbpw \S p bm{xifpss ]Ým e nâ cnn s «t\mhâ. sitdzm nsâ BßIYm]camb cn\bmbxpsim pxs {]kn²oirxamb \mäapxâ hnhmz fpw hnaài\ fpw Cu t\mhens\ hnsmsx ]n pscp p. _oäv XcwKhpw Iu À IÄ dpw Atacn ³ bphxeapdsb Bg nâ kzm[o\n p Xn\v ImcWamb Cu IrXn sssw amkknsâ Gähpw ani 100 Cw njv t\mhepifpss ]«nibnâ CSw ]nsn p. Pm v sitdzmiv # D mznbpss bm{x Pm v sitdzmiv Pmkv kwkoxw, ssewknix, k mcw, elcn F nh ioeam nb Atacn ³ bphxbpss {]XoI fmb kmâ ]mcssukpw Uo³ samdnbmà«nbpw \S p bm{xifpss ]Ým e nâ cnn s «t\mhâ. Itdzm nsâ BßIYm]camb cn\bmbxpsim pxs {]kn²oirxamb \mäapxâ hnhmz fpw hnaài\ fpw Cu t\mhens\ hnsmsx ]n pscp p. _oäv XcwKhpw Iu À IÄ dpw Atacn ³ bphxeapdsb Bg nâ kzm[o\n p Xn\v ImcWamb Cu IrXn sssw amkknsâ Gähpw ani 100 Cw njv t\mhepifpss ]«nibnâ CSw ]nsn p. Pm v sitdzmiv # D mznbpss bm{x D mznbpss bm{x DS³ h-cp- p... sssw amkkn³ ]«nis Sp nb Gähpw ani 100 Cw njv t\mhepifnâ H v ~ 000 XeapdbpsS DÕhambncp ln nk nte v Hcp]mSpt]sc BIÀjn p Xnepw "Hm Zn tdmuv apjy] phln n«p v. bmsxmcp X msdsp panãmsx Cd n pds Sp Hcp bm{xt]msebmwv Cu ]pkvxiw. ""\nsâ hgn GXmWp a\pjym? sszhá ànbpå sn sâ hgn, D mznbpss hgn, aghnâ hgn, ln nhgn, GXp hgn pw t]mimw. FhntS pw, BÀ pthwsa nepw, Ft mä thwsa nepw, F s\thwsa nepw t]mimhp Hcp hgnbmwnxv. Ct mä FhnsSbmWv \nsâ icocw? F tnmzyamwv Cu ]pkvxiw tnmzn p Xv. Nnet mä AXoh ckicamb ImgvNIÄ, Nnet mä hnnn{xamb txm epiä, aäp Nnet mä A\ amb Im ncn v, FÃmw IqSn eà BJym\ssien. FÃmänsâbpw A À[mcbmbn t_m]v kwkoxw ]Icp D mzhpw Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

19 h-nhà- I -p-d-n- -v \ný-bn- p-d- ko-xbpw s]m-cp-xn t\sn-b ]m-þ-hcpw cmjn hn. F³ tzhvzxv ]Sv\mbIv cmambws pdn v ImWn p Xcp Nn mxe fpw Bib fpw A[nIamcpsSbpw a\êneqss IS p t]mbn mwnã. cmam-b-w- n-se ko-x-bpss hy-xykv-x Á m-hw A-h-X-cn- n- p-i-bm-wv "\n-ý-bn- p-d- ko-x F- Cu ]p-kv-x-i- n-eqss. Á À mhv ]dbp sx pw I pw ]q«n A\pkcn p km[mcw kv{xobã At±l nsâ kox. icnbpw sxäpw Xncn dnbp, kz ambn Xocpam\ fpw AÁn {]mb fpapå Icp pä kv{xoiä FÃm ImeL«nepw Pohn ncp p.ahcpss {] XoIamb Cu kox Ime Ä v AXoXbmWv. icnifnâ IqsS\n m\pw sxäp Ifn hntbmpn m\pw ss[cyapåhfm WhÄ. FÃm \nba fpw AÔambn ]m ent hbã F hä v t_m[yap v. a\xêm n v \nc m h ewln m³ ss[cyhpap v. \nbaewl\w lcam nb cmhw\pw KpWIcaÃm \nbaw t]mepw CãanÃmsX A\pkcn p cma\pw Kp- WIcamb \nba Ä ]men v AÃm hsb AhKWn v bpàn]qàhw Xocpam\ sfsp p koxbpw \½psSsbÃmw DÅnepw \ap p Npänepsams bp v F t±lw ]dbp p. ]pxnb Xeapdbv pw BkzZn mhp coxnbnâ kox F IYm]m{Xs tim«w X«msX AhXcn n p Xn hnpbn At±lw XoÀ bmbpw {]iwkbàln p p. \½psS s] Ipªp Ä tzhvz nsâ iàbmb koxsb Adnbs«. almá mcxw F mâ hodnsâbpw hminbpssbpw t]mcm«nsâbpw IYbmWv. s]mcpxn t\snb A v BWp fpss IY. s]mcpxn Pbn m³ {ian p \qdp BWp cmam-bww v/s alm-`m-cxw Fsâ KoX inh³ apxâ i -c³ hsc Pbalm-`m-c-Xw Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

20 ശ മ വർ ൻ tzhvz-xv ]-Sv-\m-bvIv SHYAM iym-ahà ³ `àn inj-þnbpw aämcpw ]d-bm A]qÀÆ-I- -Ifpw cma³ fpssbpw IY. \ne\nâ]n\mbpå t]mcm«amwv almá mcxw. tzhvzxv ]Sv\m biv "]ckv]cw shdp msx t]mcmsm³ Ignbp hà v kaà n "s]m-cp-xn t\ Sn-b ]m-þ-hà F- Cu ]pkvxiw hmbn v AZvÁ pxs «pt]mbn. C{Xbpw IYm]m{X sfbpw kwáh sfbpw F{X efnxambn, Im n pdp n, IrXyXtbmsSbmWv At±lw hnhcn p Xv almá mcx ktµi Ä ]pxpxeapdbv v BkzZn m\mipw hn[w a\ênâ\n v ambm t]mse t]mknäohv Bbn AhXcn n p p aebmf nâ XoÀ bmbpw {]kn²oicnt Hcp ]pkv XIamWv s]mcpxn t\snb ]mþhà F v Rm³ IcpXp p. apjn n m Á mjmssienbpw FSp p ]dbww. kwkvirxhm pifpss AÀ w ]dªp t]mip cn\mssienbã tzhvzxv ]Sv\mbvIv Cu ]pkvxi nâ kzoicn n «påxv. aäp ]pcmwiyifnse IYm]m {X sf almá mcxhpambn _Ôs Sp n ]cnnbs Sp nbpw IYmkµÀÁ t msp tncp s]mxphnhc Ä CSbv nss \ÂInbpapÅ BJym\coXnbpw BIÀj IamWv. Ip«nIsf ]Xnhp Nn mxe fnâ \n v DbÀ n hyxykvxtimwpifnâ Nn n m³ t{]cn n pibmwv tzhvzxv ]Sv\mbIv Cu ]pkvxi neqss. \n-_-ô-\iä A-\p-Ic-Wtam hn-hà -\tam {]-kn-²o-i-cn- -s -«txm B-b c-n-\-iä ]-cn-kwn- nã Un Sn ]n snbv-x {]-Xn-I-fm-bn-cn -Ww a-õ-c- n-\v A-b-t Xv Xn-c-sª-Sp- Ir-Xn-IÄ Un kn _p-iv-kv {]-kn-²o-i-cn pw Ab p- IrXn-bp-sS H-cp tim- n F-gp- p-im-c³ kq- n-t - -XmWv Ir-Xn-IÄ e-`n-t - A-hkm-\ Xo-b-Xn 2021 Pqsse 31 cn\-iä A-b-t - - hn-emkw sdm-am³-kv ^n-iv-j³ aõcw {]-kn-²o-i-c-w-hn-`mkw Un kn _p-iv-kv, Kp-Uv sj-t À-Uv kv-{soäv, tim-«bwþ Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

21 imkv{xw almclky fpss Ipsd IYIÄ Rms\- `mhw si. cm-p-ti-jc³\mbà F ]Xp hbêp XnIª Hcp hnzymà n Xm³ Ignª Bdp ]Xnäm ntesd ]Tn p akvxnjviw F {]tlfnibpss X\n p a\ênemb almclky fpss Ipsd IY IÄ ]dbm³ {ian pibmwv. Hcp ]pcpjm bpêp apgph³ akvxnjviimkv{xw hfsc ko\nbdmb hnzymà nisf ]Tn n p Xm bncp p Poh\w. AhÀ p th nbncp Xv akvxnjvi nse tispiä sim phcp tcmk sf I p]nsnt coxnifpw AhbpsS NnInÕbpamWv. AhbmWv Ah cpss ]mty]²xnifnep mbncp {][m\ s «h. AXpsIm pxs AXnep]cnbp Å Imcy fnâ AhÀ på XmXv]cyw anxambncp p. Ah Ipsd Ahyàamb ZpÀtÚbamb tajeifnte p t]mip t¼mä \yqtdmfpn F hnjb nsâ koa Ifn HXp msx thsd ]e Xe fnte pw hym]n pw. AXpsIm v AhÀ h {]m[m \yanãm Xpambn. sskt mfpnbpw ssk Iym{Snbpw am{xaã, ^ntemk^nbpw Ncn {Xhpw ^nknivkpw siankv{snbpw Hs AhnsS hcpw. Nnet mä Ncn{Xhpw Áq an imkv{xhpw ]pcmw fpw sfxnly fpw kmlnxyhpw IeIfpwIqSn ht mw. P ]pwywsim v \yqtdmfpn, \yqtdmkàpdn, sskiym{sn hnjb fpss ss\ c cyamwv bpàsa pw kxysa pw AÃm sxbpå hnáp\ Ä Ipsd Ir{Xnaam sw pw IcpXnbncp Ipsd Kpcp m cpss IqsS Ignbm\mbXv Á mkyw. Cu Ahm chnám K Ä Ahiyambn h Xv Cu hnjb fpss hym]vxn hãmsx IqSnbXp sim mwv. ]t, R fpss ]T\Ime v \yqtdmfpnbpw \yqtdmkàpdnbpw sskiym {Snbpw ka{]m[m\yapå hnjb fmbncp p. C p Fsâ hnzymà niä v hnizkn m³ {]bmkambncn pw C ybnâ Cu imkv{x Ä sim ph hcpss IqsSbmbncp p R sfms Hcp]mSp \msf v. A{X ] gb IYIsfm paã. shãqà saun  timfpnse tp _v Nm nbpw BÄ C ym C³Ìnäyq«nse _ÂtZhv kn pw {]Imiv SmÞ\pw a{zmknse _n. cmaaqà nbpw Hs ASp p ]cnnbn Kpcp mcm bncp p. Imew t]msi Ahscms R fpss Däkplr p fpw hgnim«nifpw kl {]hà Icpambn. imkv{xs s IhnXbm n amäm³ sháh ap mbncp UÂlnbnse sskiym{sn s{]m^kà Pkz v knmv s\ nbmwv (1925þ2015) sskiym {Snbnse\yqtdmfPn R Ä hnzymà niä v BZyambn ImWn px Xv, ]dªp am{xw X XÃ, Zriy fmwv táz w, tiä p Xns\ mä. B\pjwKnIambn thsdm p IqSn, Bim³ k½m\as w ]e kmlnxy ]pckvimc fpw t\snb At±lw ] m_n Á mjbnse Hcp H mwins Ihnbpw, ZmÀi\n I\pw Hs Bbncp p. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

22 # _n \nehd # I-Y-IÄ # ]pd- m-sn-sâ]p-kvx-iw # Hä m-e³ Im- # sebv # tnm-c-im-kv{xw # \n-co-izc³ # Z m-]-lmcw ]pxn-b-sbm-cp cq-]-amxr-i kr-ãn- v N«-¼n-im-kv{Xw Un kn _pivkv kwl-sn- n Jkm- nsâ CXn-lmkw kphàw Pq_nen t\mhâ aõc- nâ H mw Øm\w t\snb t\mh-emwv InMv tpm kv cnn "N«-¼n-im-kv{Xw. Unkn _pivkv X{km- nâ kwl-sn- n t\mhâ in-ev]-im-e-bnse AwKw-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp p InMv tpm kv. ]ntâm KohÀKokv F Nn{X-Im-c³IqSn-bmb Fgp- p-im-c³ Fgp-Xnb "D{K-\-c-knwlw F Dcp F t\mhâ Ah-X-cn- n- p-sim v AXnsâ cn-bn-xm-hn-sâbpw IpSpw-_- nsâbpw PohnX ]Ým- ew hni-i-e\w sn p cq]- n-emwv t\mh-ensâ LS-\. D{K-\- c-knwlw F Dcp F t\mh-en-eqss Ah-X-cn- n- p IYm-]m-{X- -sfbpw t\mhâ hni-i-e\ hnt[-b-am- p- p. Ncn-{Xhpw Ncn{X IYm-]m-{X- fpw Áq {]-tz-i- fpw amkva-cni Á mh-\m-jym\w IeÀ n Fgp- n-s\- -s, t\mh-en-s\- s hni-i-e-\-hn-t[-b-am- p Hcp Fgp- p-co-xn-bneqss N«-¼n-imkv{Xw F t\mhâ ae-bmf t\mhâ kmln-xy- nâ ]pxnsbmcp cq]-am-xri krjvsn- p- p. ]«mwn Akokpw ]ntâm KohÀKokpw InMv tpm kpw X½n-epÅ ]IÀ m-«- -fn-eqss t\mh-se BJym-\-I-ebv v thdn-s«mcp apjw \ÂIm³ Ign-bp- p Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

23 A\p-kv-acWw s]bvsxm-gnª kzmxn-talw {]i-kvx-ihn Fkv. cta-i³ \mb-sc- p-dn v Hc-\p-kva-cWw Ac-hn-µ³ si.-f-kv. awkew 1994 HtÎm-_-dnse BZy BgvN-bn-sem-cp- Zn-hkw Xncp-h-\- -]p-c- p-\n pw cta-i³ kmà hnfn- p. ""Cu hàjs tduntbm \ms-tim-õhw Bcw-Án - p-i-bm-wv. HtÎm- _À 16þmw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN cm{xn H¼- X-cbv v Rms\-gp-Xnb Hcp \ms-i-ap- v. Achn-µ\nXv tiä -Ww. AÁn -{]mbw ]d b-ww. HtÎm-_À Rmb-dmgvN cm{xn si.-fkv dmwm{]xm-]³ kwhn-[m\w snbvx Fkv. cta-i³ \mb-cpss \msiw "ixm-án -tjiw tiä m-\n-cp- p. Hcp IpSpw-_-I-Y. ZpÈm- Ty- m-c\pw ip²-\p-amb Imc-W-hÀ In«p- ½m³, Imc-W-h-cpsS kzmà -bmb Á mcy Á c-wm- n-b-½, hfà p-a-i³ aµ-_p-²nbmb In n-wn- p-«³, kzmà cpw Gj-Wn - m-cp-amb D]-tZ-ãm- Ä... \msiw AXnsâ D Øm-bn-bn-se pw apt¼ CS-bv nss IÃp-I-Sn-t]mse {]t -]Ww XS-Ê-s -«p. \ms-i- nâ cmjv{so-bap-s p Icp-Xn-b-hÀ BIm-i-hm-Wn-bnte- på ]hà kss¹ p hnlm-x-ap- m- n-b-xn-\m-emhmw {]t -]Ww XS-Ê-s -«-Xv. \ms-is Xa-kvI-cn- m³ H p-iq-sn-b-hà t\cw shfp- p-t¼mä apxâ _l-f-am-bn. A[nIw sshimsx AXv \mss pw ]S À p. In«p-½m\pw In n-wn- p-«\pw Nne _jo-dn-b³ IYm-]m-{X- -sf-t mse t]m pe-dm-im³ Ht m ct m Znhkw am{x-sa-sp- p. IYm-]m-{X- -fpss {kãm-hmb Ihnbpw tic-f- n-se- pw Adn-b-s -«p-i-gnªp At mä. "ixm-á n-tjiw" ]pkvx-i-cq-]- nâ Un kn _pivkn-eq-ss-bmwv ]pd- p-h- -Xv. Hcp amk- n-\p-ånâ 25,000 ]cw tim n-iä hnä-gnª \msiw {]km-[\ Ncn-{X- nâxs Ncn-{X-am-bn. Xsâ IpSpw-_- m-c-w-h-cmb hey ]m n- m«p ho«nâ IrjvW-]n-Åsb ti{µ-i-ym ]m-{x-am n cnn ixm-á n-tjiw \ms-iw hnhm-z- nâs]sp-sa pw C{X-tbsd {]i-kv X-am-Ip-sa pw Ihn Icp-Xn-bn-«p- m-hn-ã. A m-es ]{X-am-²y-a- -fnâ ixm- Á n-tj- Is ]cm-aàin- p hmà -IÄ XpSsc {]Xy- -s -«n-cp- p. Fgp- p-im-csâ BhnjvImckzmX-{ y- nâ A[n-Im-c-hÀ w ssii-s- p ImgvNbpw ]n osv ImtW n h p. \ms-i-ir- n\v A[n-I-Imew ]ns BIm-i-hm-Wn-bn XpS-cm³ Ign-ªn-Ã. B³U-am-\n-se, t]mà«p-»-b-dn-te p "\msp I-S- -s «At±lw DtZymKw cmpn-h v Fgp- nsâ temi v apgp-h³ ka-bhpw sne-h-gn- p. Fkv. cta-i³ \mb-cpss "kzmxn-talw F Imhy-k-am-lmcw 1993 P\p-h-cn-bnepw "Af-I-\µ bpss ]pxnb ]Xn v PqWnepw "kc-bq-xoà w \hw-_-dnepw Idâ v _pivkn-eqss ]pd p h n-cp- p amà nâ ]pd- p-h "iyma-bvs mcp ]qhv BWv Ihn-bpsS Gähpw HSp-hnse Imhy-{K-Ùw. {]ikvx IYm-Im-c-\mb Sn. ] ß\m- Á -\mwv Cu kam-lm-c- n\v Ah-Xm-cn I Ipdn- -Xv. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

24 HmÀ½-bn \ndªp \nev p Hc-\p- Á hw ChnsS Fgp-Xm-Xn-cn- m-\m-hn-ã Nn w H v (2008 BKÌv 17) Ct Znhkw sshipt cw Kpcp-hm-bqÀ t {X-\-S-bn Hc-]q ÀÆ kwkaw \S- p- p. Áà -Ihn ]q m-\- n-sâbpw \mcm-b-wob IÀ m-hmb taev]p- q-cn-sâbpw ]n³apd mà ]s -Sp- p ]pkvx-i-{]-imi\w. Unkn _pivkv {]kn-²o-i-cn "]q m\w IrXn-IÄ kwtim- [nx ]Xn- n-tâ-xmwv {]Im-i-\w. D n-irjvw³ ]pxqà, Fkv. cta-i³ \mbà, Fgpa-äqÀ cmp-cm-p-hà½, Be-t msp eoem-irjvw³, taem-äqà cm[m-ir-jvw³, BfqÀ {]Á m-i-c³, tzhkzw AUvan-\n-kvt{S-äÀ Fkv. cxo-i³ XpS- n-b-hà t {Xm- -W- nâ F n-t À p. ]q m-\- nsâ ]n³km-an-bmb Ah-WqÀ a\-bv  \mcm-b-w³ \¼q-Xncn "]q m\w IrXn IfpsS BZy-{]Xn taev]p- qà i c³ Á «-Xn-cn p \ÂIn-bmWv {]Im-i-\-IÀ½w \nàh-ln- -Xv. {]Im-i-\- -S-s ms Ignªv cta-i³ kmdp-ambn t {X- nâ sne-hgn kabw R Ä v asämcp Imcyw hyà-am-bn. Kpcp-hm-bq-c Áàn -Km-\- -fneqss Xc-fn-X-amb Á à-a-\-êp-iä Kpcp-hmbq-c- sâ {]Xn-\n-[n-sb -t]msebmwv At±-ls ImWp- -Xv, BZ-cn- p- -Xv. lcn-imw-t_mpn cmkw ]Tn- p-hm³, snss¼bv p \mzw \ne- -t mä, cm[-x³ t{]a-t m-smtwm IrjvWm, Kpcp-hm-bq-c- sâ ap¼nâ, Bbncw \mhp-tåm-c-\- -tx, AÞ-I-Sm-l Ä Nnd-I-Sn- p-w-cp- p, Hcp -]nsn Ahn-ep-ambv P - Ä Xm n, AWnhm-I- mà nâ Rm\p-WÀ q I m XpS- nb \qdp-i-w- n\v IrjvW- Á ànkm\- - fmâ ÁK-h ms\ X n-te- -Sp- n Áà- t\mssm w \S- p-t¼mä ASp-s - p Bcm-[-I-cpsS BZcw hn\-b-]qàæw Gäphm- p Ihn-bpsS Nn{Xw Ct mgpw a\- ÊnÂ\n p ambp- n-ã. {ioirjvwimhy- nsâ cn-\-bnâ apgp- In- -gn-bp-t¼m-gmwv Xm³ AÀ_pZtcmK- nsâ ]nsn-bnâs]«n-cn- p-i-bmwv F v At±lw a\-ên-em- n-b-xv. Aar-X-bnse NnIn-Õ, IotamsXdm- nbpw aäpw. NnIn-Õbv n-s-bnâ kzmøywt\sp-t¼mä IrjvW- Im-hy- n-te p Xncn-bpw. kwkvirxhr - nsâ Kcn-a-bn ]oen\oà nb B Á mh- \-m-ku-ip-amcyw CSbv ph p apdn-ªp. "Deq-Je _Ô\w hsc Fgp-Xn. tcmk- n\p ia-\-ap- m-b-t mä Á -W-t msp XmXv] cyw Ipd-ªp. HSp-hn hnfn- p-t¼mä Á -W-t msp sshap-jy-apå Imcyw cat - n-bmwp ]d-ª-xv. Gdn-bm Hcp tzmi. AXmWv {]Á m-x-á - -Ww. Ct mä Gsd saen-ªn-cn- p- p... Ihn-bpsS hnfn ]ns Fs -t Sn F nbn-ã. aq p \mep ZnhkwIqSn Ignªv Rm³ Xncn p hnfn- p-t¼mä c p t^mwpw dnmv sn p- p-s - nepw Bcpw FSp- p- n-ã. amdn amdn hnfn-s - nepw ^e-ap- m-bn- Ã. Fgp- p-im-c³ \mcm-b³ Ff-a- -c-bnemwv Xma-kw. At±-ls hnfn- p. hnhcw H pw Adn-bn-sà p ]d-ªp. ]n osv Fsâ Bi a\-ên-em- n-bmwv At±lw IhnbpsS hms-i-ho-«nâ t]mhp-ibpw Xmgs \ne-bnâ Xmakn p- -h-tcmsv hnhcw Xnc n Fs Xncn p hnfn- pibpw snbvxxv. cta-i³ \mb-scbpw Ám cy-sbbpw ai³ a\p Iq«n-s m p t]mbn-cn- p- p. aäp hnh-c-sam- p-an-ã. Fgp-a-äqÀ kmdp-ambn Bi ] p-h-bv p-t¼mä At±lw ]dªp Rm³ a\p-hns\ hnfn p t\m mw, \¼À Fsâ ssih-i-ap v. a\p-hns\ hnfn- -t mä AÑ\pw A½bpw timhnuv t]mkn-äohv Bbn e vao tlmkv]n-ä-en-em-sw hnhcw Adn-ªp. a\p-hnsâ \¼À hm n Pq 17þ\v Rm³ a\p-hns\ hnfn- -t mä Bi- - IÄ AI- p. timhnuv s\k-äohv Bbn-cn- p- p. \msftbm AXn-\-Sp Znh-ktam tlmkv]n-ä-enâ\n v as- pw. Pq 18 sshin«v hmà ti«n-cn- p-t¼mgmwv BLm-X-ambn B hntbmkhmà ]pd p h -Xv. Xsâ ZuXyw ]qà n-bm n Fs -t - p-ambn At±lw as- n-bn-cn- p- p. Xsâ P w Kpcp-hm-bq-c- sâ ]mz-]-ß- -fnâ kaà n v B Á àsâ \nth-z\w ""bú{io]-tx, Pohn-X-am-Ipao bmk-l-hnêp \o kzoi-cn- q... IrjvWInco-S- nâ abnâ o-en- - mbn ZpxJÖzme-X³ \oew NqSq... F m-bn-cp- -tãm Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

25 - {]-kw-kw F -s\ {]-kw-kn Ww AeIvkm À tp _v temis amänadn IeIfn {]YaØm \amwv {]kwk-iebv påxv. {]ikvxcm-b [m-cmfw {]mkwknisc krãn \msmwv ticfw. CSXShnÃmsX awn qdpitfmfw t{imxm sf thznbnâ ]nsn ncp nb \n ch[n {]mkwknià ticf nep v. tpmk^v ap tècn, Fw.]n. a Y³, kpipamà Ago t msv, FgptIm inhi c nå, ^mzà hs ³, ]cnhà \hmzn Fw.F. tpm, si.fw. XcI³ XpS nbhà Ahcn NneÀ am{xw. kwøm\ UnPn]nbmbncp Fw.sI. tpmk^v, F³. IrjvW³ \mbà, sfffkpimc\mb Un. _m_pt]mä XpS nbhà \nch[n thznifnâ {]kwk- IebpsS amäpc {]KevÁ cmwv. hmwnzmkv Ffbmhqcns\t mepå, ae_mà tajesb {]kwk neqss {]I¼\wsImÅn hyàn- Isfbpw Hcn epw ad m³ km[n nã. sxmgnâ]camb hnhn[ tajeifneqss IS ph, {]kwkw F IebneqsS P\ fpss a\ênâ CSw t\snb \nch[nt]à kwøm\ p v. F mâ Ahcn ]ecpw C v Ncn{X nsâ Á mkambn HmÀ½Ifn am{xsamxp p p. \nehnse kmlncy nâ \½psS ticf nâ Hcp Ip«n v \ ÃcoXnbnepÅ Hcp aebmfw {]kwkw tiä Ww F m{kln mâ AXp \S på Imcy amtwm F v c ph«w Nn nt nhcpw. ImcWw {]kwkiebnâ \½psSbnSbn C p Pohn ncn p hà Xptemw Ipdhm sw påxpxs. F -s\ {]-kw-kn Ww AeIvkm À tp _v CXn\nsS HmÀ½nt asämcp Imcyw IqSnbp v. {]kwk Iebn {]mkevá yw sxfn bn pibpw AXphgn P\ fpss a\êv IogS nbhà Á qcná mkhpw AhcpsS bym À PohnX nepw hnp-bn pibdnbhcm bncp p. Ip«n me v {]kwkaõc fnâ k½m\ Ä hmcn q«n ssp{xbm{xbv p XpS an«]ecpw HutZymKnI PohnX nepw hyàn]camb PohnX nepw hnpbw simbv XhÀXs bmwv. ap³ No^v sk{i«dn PnPn txmwkwpw kn.hn. B\µt_mkpw lbàsk ³Udn UbdÎdmbncp Pbnwkv tpmk ^pw {]kwkiebnse {]XnÁI fmbncp p. Ip«n me pxs \nch[n thznifnâ AhÀ {]mkevá yw sxfnbn pibpw snbvxn- «p- v F Xn\p Ncn{Xw km- n. sfffkv t]mepå knhnâ kàæokv DtZymKw eá n ]ecpssbpw Á qximew t\m n bmâ AhscÃmw {]kwkiebnâ {]Kev Á -cmbn-cp- p-sh v a\ênemipw. F mâ knhnâ kàhokv F henb tpmen ]ecpssbpw \mhpiä p Iq phne v CSpIbmbncp p. s]mxpthznbnepå {]kwk Ä \nbahncp ²amIp kàhokv N«ambncp p {]kwkiebnâ\n pw C c msc AIän \nà n bxv. {]kwkie HcÀ nâ A\yw \nâ pibmtwm F- p txm n n p Cu kmlncy nâ hfà phcp Xeapdbv v {]kwknmxpcyw ]IÀ p\âti Xv \½psS _m[yxbmwv. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

26 ]pxn-b ]p-kv-x-i Ä hymipeamxmhnsâ I msn qsv hn.sp. P-bnwkv t\cne\páhn p temi nâ a\êv krãn p k am c temi sf pdn v HmÀ½s Sp p IYIÄ. ChnsS \mwxs IYm]m{X fmhp p. \½psS PohnXw IYbpw. FcnªpXocpt¼mgpw shfn anän p sa-gpipxncnifpss {]Xo Ifpw hnlzexifpw hmb\ mcnte pw t\ cn«v {]thin p- p.»m v Bâv sshäv Nn{X Ä, apifnâ Btcm D v, I msn mgvnbnse _nw_kmc Ä, Øe]cnanXn, kpzài\w, sd bnâth ssswts_nä, Cet{ÎmWn-Iw, hnkim v, Dt meiw, hymipeamxmhnsâ I msn qsv, Ámj mhcw XpS- n G-sd {i-t²bamb ] Xns\m v IYIfpsS kamlmcw. UotKm AÀ-am-tâm a-d-tumw t_m-_n-bp-ss kp-hn-tijw t_m-_n sn-½-wqà F-gp- v : t_m-_n txmakv CsXmcp kphntijamwv. ^psv-t_mfnsâ sszh]p{x \mb adtumwsb pdn v t_m_n sn½wqà ]dbp kphntijw. Cu kphntij neqss adtum- WbpsS PohnXIY Npcpfgnbp p. \½Ä ti«xpw tiä m Xpamb adtumwbpss PohnX nse kt mjá cnxhpw kwlàjá cnxhpamb aplqà Ä. adtum- Wsb ticf nse ^psvt_mä t{]aniä mbn ChnsSsb n adtumwbpss klnmcnbmb t_m_n sn½wqà AXv ]dªt mä B kphntij Ä ]IÀ nsbsp Xv {]ikvx Nn{XImc\pw IYmImc\pamb t_mwn txmakv. Hm sse³ tìmà k-µà-in- m³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q. CÃ, h-cnãn\n k n-zm-\-μ³ a\pjyhwiwxs Bbncw hàjw AXnPohn ptam F v F\n v XoÀ bnã. ] t, a\pjy³ Ir{Xna_p²n, P\nXI hnzymkq{x Ä Chsb AXnPohn psa nâ, AhÀ Ahsct mse \nch[n hogvnifpå Hcp km[mcw a\pjy\mbn, Xm³ AI v A\pÁ hn pibpw ]pd p ImWpIbpw snbvx temis Bhn jvicn m³ hm piä In«m³ \nc cw kacw snbvxncp Hscgp pimc\mbn Fs k ev]n Ww F v Rm³ Bin p p. alm amcnbpw ÁcW IqS nsâ Áo Ic au\hpw Hcp t]mse Ccp Xm nb \½psS Imes Imhy]qÀÆw ASbmfs Sp p ]pkvxiw. H w, C me fnâ k nzm\µ³ samgnamänb adpá mjm IhnXIfpw. k nzm\µ\pambn ^ekvxo³ Ihn \Pzm³ ZÀhojv \S nb kwá m jww BapJambn tnà ncn p p. Hdn-Pn³ Um³ {_u Um³ {_uwnsâ hnjymxamb ss{iw {XnÃdpIfn H mwv Origin(DXv] n). {_uwnsâ krãnbmb s{]m^kà tdm_à«v emmvu {][m\ IYm]m{X ambn hcp ss{iw {XnÃdpIfp ss Ám KamWo ]pkvxiw. XpS w apxâxs hmb\ msc DtZzK nsâ apäap\bnâ \nà m\på IgnhmWv Um³ {_uwnsâ Fgp p ssienbpss khntijx. AXy m[p\ni kmt XnI hnzyiä Xsâ ss{iw {XnÃdpIfpsS Á mkam n IYív ]pxnb Ám h Ä \ÂIp Xn Hcp hntijmâ \n ]pwx Um³ {_u {]ISn n n«p v. AXv Cu IYbnepw ImWm\mIpw Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

27 ]pxn-b ]p-kv-x-i Ä ]n. `m-kv-i-c³ Ir-XnIÄ I-hn-X-IÄþKm-\ Ä \msy-{]-[m-\-amb \K-c-am-\y- X-I-fnÂ\n v a\p-jysâ ] bnte pw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ] - nte pw \ofp Ihn-X-bpsS Cu \m«p-]mx ae-bm-f-{km-ao-w X-bpsS A\ imeo-\-amb emh-wy- Ä \nd-ª-xm-wv. AhnsS s\ãn- q- fpw Rmäp-th-e- q- fpw IrjvW-{Im nbpw ]q p-\n-d-ªn-cn- p- p, IXn-cp-Im-Wm- n-fn-iä, IS-en-\- -scbpw ImWm- p-f- -scbpw ImWm- - \m-sp-iä ImWm³ t]mip- p. s]m -Wn- m-s- -fnâ\n v ]msnbmepw ]d-ªmepw Xocm IY-Ifp-ambn ] m-c- -\- - -IÄ ]d p hcp- p. aª-wn- q-\n-emhv t]cm-än³ IS-h v aª-f-c- p-sh p \ocm-sp- p. I n-cm-hnsâif-á- n w s]m m- \n- p-g-bnâ hogp- p. Xm n-bq-c-¼-e- nâ I-g- I m-c-s\-t m-se- Xm-a-c-am-e-bp-ambv Nn -sa- p- p. sim -s - n\p hk- -amkw sims Sp ³ ]Wn-bp- p. Im«nse ] mgvapfwx nâ\n p IhnX ]m«nsâ ]memgn XoÀ p- p. Hcp-]n-Sn s] - Ip-«nIÄ N-{μaXn ap Xv hàjw ap¼v {Sb amknibpss FUnädmbncp Fw.]n. \mcmbw]nå asämcmfpss t]cnâ asämcp Xe s «nâ {]kn²oicn hnhmz t\mhâ BZyambn ]pkv XIcq] nâ. {]Wbhpw elcnbpw \ndª Fgp]XpIfnse Hcp timfpv Iym¼knse Hcp ]nsn s] PohnX fpss IY ]dbp t\m hâ. Hm sse³ tìmà k-µà-in- m³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q. dt_- cm-po-hv in-h-i À ]t À hospw AXnse Xmak mcnbpw F pw ]p pdn n mà v Zpcq lxiä am{xta k½m\n n «påq. kv-iqfnâ Ip«nIsf ]Tn n ncp Ime pt]m epw Ip«nItfmtSm A m«p ImtcmtSm AhÀ bmsxmcp ASp hpw ImWn nã. H cbmä s]m nepå axnâs «n\p Ånse Xdhm«n Pohn dt_ So sd \m«p ImÀ F pw Áb t mss ho n p. \m«pimà AhchcpsS Á mh\iä \pkcn v IYIÄ sa\bpibpw {]Ncn n pibpw snbvxp. dt_ So dmis«nncn psim v Nq bnâ CcIsf timà psim pancp p. Xsâ Bß IYbneqsS dt_ So À kzpohnxw Xpd p Im«pt¼mÄ BcpsSsbms s]mbvapj fmipw AgnªphogpI. Hmtcm hcnbnepw Bthiw Xpfp¼p {XnÃÀ. a-lm-`mcxw Ipco p-g {io-ip-amà alm-á m-cx-s D-]-Po-hn- v ]-e km-ln-xy-cq-]- -fn-em-bn \n-ch-[n Ir-Xn-IÄ D - m-bn- «p v. A-h a-lm- Á m-c-x- n-sâ Im-gv-NI-sf am-än-a-dn- n-«p-ap v. a-lm-á m-c-x- n-se F q -tdm-fw I-Ym-]m-{X -sf Ip-dp- -hn-x-bp-ss cq-]- nâ Nn-{Xs -Sp- p-i-bm-wv Ip-co p-g {io-ip-amà. ]pxn-b Im-e- nâ \n p-sim- v I-Ym-]m-{X -sf Im-Wm-\p-Å kmà- -Iam-b H-cp {iaw. Hm sse³ tìmà k-µà-in- m³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

28 apxpimsnsâ `mcx bm{xiä ]pkvxicq] nem póp \mev hyxykvx Á mc X bm{xiä \S n A]qÀh t\«w ssihcn apxpimsnsâ Á mcx bm{xm\pá h Ä ]pkvxi cq] nem p p. kzpt±i ktµi Ä {]Ncn n phm³ IivaoÀ apxâ I\ymIpamcn hsc \mev Á mcx bm{xifmwv apxpimsv \S nbxv. Cu bm{x Ifn A\pÁ hn dnª Ht«sd A]qÀh \n anj fpw {]XnkÔnIfpw Á mcx nsâ \m\mxz hnkvab fpamwv ]pkvxi nsâ CXnhr w. Un.kn _pivkv BWv aebmfw, Cw njv F o Ám jifnembn ]pkvxiw {] kn²oicn p Xv. \mev bm{xifnepw kwl t mssm w D mbncp si.]n inhipamà BWv ]pkvxiw Cw njnte v ]cná mj s Sp p Xv. HmKÌv 15þ\v ]pkvxiw {]Im i\w sn pw. CtXmsSm w HmUntbm _p pw Cd pw.bzyambmwv Hcp IemImc³ C c nâ 4 Á mcx]cys\ Ä ]qà nbm p Xv. Ggv s] Ip«nIfS w 25 AwK kwlw 2002-þ2010 Imebfhn 20 amkt mfw kabsasp mwv bm{xiä ]qà nbm nbxv. tdmuv amàkw \S nb Cu bm{xiä A me v Gsd NÀ mhnj bambncp p. Á mcx nsâ sx v, hs v, Ing v, ]Snªmdv kwøm\ fnse \qdp IW n\v thznifnâ C{µPme hnkvabw XoÀ Cu bm{x A s {]knuâv AÐpÄ Iemw, {][m\a{ n a³taml³ knmv F nhcpss AwKoImcw t\snbncp p. kam c kà msc Xc nâ {]tzi Ä AS ná cn p Xo{hhmZnIfpsS Iym¼p Ifnepw \mkmem³uv Xo{hhmZnIÄ nsbnepw C{µPmew AhXcn n DtZzKÁcn Xamb \n anj Ä hmb\ mà v thdn«a\pá hamipw \ÂIpI. \mype ]mknepw Iivaocnse Zm XSmI Xoc pw C{µPmew AhXcn n a t\mlc hntij fs w khnkvxcamwv ]pkvxi nâ {]Xn]mZn p Xv. KmÔnPnbpsS ktµi Ä {]Ncn n p Xn\mbn \S nb KmÔn a{ Á mcxbm{x KmÔnbp ambn _Ôs «FÃm Øe fnepw AhX cn n m\mbn F Xpw A]qÀh t\«fn sem mwv. hmb\ mà v Hcp ]pxp hmb\m \páh ambncn pw Cu Ám cxhntijw. Pqsse-bn-se FÃm sh-ån i-\n Zn-h-k- -fnâ kmln-xyw, I-e, BÀ- n-ss-iv-nà, Un-ssk³ F- n-h-sb- p-dn- v B-g-tadn-b kw-hm-z- Ä {]-`m-j-w Ä sdman-e m À, Pbdmw c-taiv, ]n si cm-p-ti-jc³, Fkv tkm-]m-e-ir-jvw³ t_m-wn txma-kv, {iodmw, ic-xv kpµà, _o-\ X-c-I³ Iym-]v -ä³ c-ta-jv _m_p, hn hn l-cn-zmkv XpS- n \n-ch-[n t]à ]-s -Sp- p p Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

29 TIMELESS FAIRY TALES GOWRI REKHA Drop into a world of magic and mayhem with this enthralling collection of stories that captures Timeless Fairy Tales. Up the beanstalk you go, into the land of giants! Don t stop now, enter the Emperor s kingdom and find out why he walked a parade in his underpants! Curses, flying hobgoblins, vanishing children and more await you in these pages! It s time, dear reader, to traverse the hidden realm of the fair folk. GRANDMA S TREASURY OF TALES TANYA MUNSHI DR. VRINDA VARMA SHERYLENE RAFEEQUE SUJATHA REGHUNATHAN What happened to the goose who laid golden eggs? How did the potter with a scar on his forehead receive an award of bravery? Who will win in the tug of war between the sun and the wind? This treasure trove of stories will take you to palaces, forests and places beyond your imagination. Grandma s Treasury of Tales brings to you life s lessons through the age old art of storytelling. PANCHATANTRA DR. VRINDA VARMA Compiled by Pandit Vishnusharma to educate and enlighten the foolish and dim-witted sons of the King Amarashakti, the Panchatantra contains many tales of wisdom, written in the manner of tales within tales. Pandit Vishnusharma is said to have divided the tales into five (pancha) sections, each one dealing with ways and strategies (tantras) to live and prosper in the world. TALES OF WIT AND WISDOM SHWETHA E GEORGE SHERYLENE RAFEEQUE GOWRI REKHA Tales of Wit and Wisdom is a collection of stories about some of the wittiest minds of India that are humorous and edifying. These stories interwoven with magic, moments of glory, and little trinkets of wisdom will take you back in time to an era that only exists in the pages of history books. Tenali Raman s antics that always saved the day, Mullah Nasruddin s innocent wisdom, Vikramaditya s enduring patience and the Vetal s inciting questions combine to create one hilarious, thoughtprovoking book Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

30 Ct mä hnâ- -\-bnâ ebooks.dcbooks.com ]-Ýn-a-L-«hpw ]-cn-øn-xnbpw F³ c-hn-{μ³ hkvxp\njvt bmym À y sf \ncmicn psim v H pw ]Sp p bà m³ IgnbnÃ. klym{znbpss ]cnc kwhmz n\pw NÀ pw adpnà pw A pd amwv. tihe {]IrXn hmz n\pw BÀ n ]nsn \ne\nev]v hmz n\pw A pdamwv. thww Hcp ]p\krãn. \msfbpss ]ÝnaL«w C sebnâ\n pw C nâ\n pw Á n amb Hcp ]ÝnaL«w. Xncp epiä A\nhmcyamWv. tdma³ k`sb e o³ k` tum. BâWn ]m«d¼nâ BtKmf It men m ká bnse 98 ixam\hpw tdma³ ]mc¼cyw ]n p Scp hnizmknkaql at{x. tdma³ ká bpss BZnkwkv -Imchpw Bcm [\{IaÁ mjbpw hnizmk ss]xrihpw e o\mb XpsIm v CXns\ e o³ ká sb v AÀYt_m[t mss hyhlcn mw temi sa¼mspapå 137 timsn 78 e w It men cnâ 120 timsnbne[nihpw e o³imcmsw mwv kao]ime kàthiä shfns Sp p Xv. AhcpsS DZv Á hþhnimkþ]cnwxniä, Bcm[\ {Iaw, Á mcx nse kaimenimhø F nh ChnsS khnizw ]cmarãamip p. HmÀ-½- msw ]n. _men{μ³ A\pÁ h fpss ISep v ]n. _men{µsâ a\ênâ. P \msmb imkvxmw tim«bpss Ncn{Xhpambn AXn\v _Ôap v. \msim- Nmcy\mb Pn. i c nå DÄs ssbpåhàs m w AÁ n\bhpw kwhn[m\hp ambn \S \mfpiä. HSp hnâ kn\nasb ambn ItemIt v. AhnsS Xnc YmcN\bnepw AÁ n\ b nepw ]pxnsbmcp hgn Is pibmbncp p ]n. _men{µ³. IXncpw Ifbpw \ndª ]ms p\n pw ]n. _men{µ³ Is Sp 32 HmÀ½ IfpsS kamlmcw. Bbncs m v cm{xniä lrzbs am{ niambn Bhmln p a\pjysâ kakvxá mh sfbpw Dj Êns\t mse DWÀ p temi mên mwv "Bbnc s m v cm{xniä F t]cnâ Adnbs «Ad_n YIÄ. Cu IYIÄ hnkvabn n p kuµcyamwv. Ah ]t {µnb sf a[pcn n p p; elcn]nsn n p p. hnizkmlnxy Imc msc {]tnmzn n pibpw {]kmzn n p Ibpw snbvx IYIfpsS cmp[m\nbmwv Bbncs m v cm{xniä. irwkmchpw lmky hpw IcpWhpw cu{zhpw hochpw Á bm\ihpw _oá Õhpw AÛpXhpw im hpw \hck fpwþ AeXÃp IYIfpsS ]mcmhmcw. Cþ_p- v tìmà k-µà-in- m³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv -Im³ sn q. Hm sse³ tìmà k-µà-in- m³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

31 ]p-kv-x-i- Ä v dcbookstore.com tbm-\o`m-j-w Ä Cu-hv F³-ÉÀ ssewknimhbh sf pdn v Xpd p kwkmcn pi F Xv \njn²amb H mbmwv kaqlw ImWp Xv. CXv ssewknix tbmspå ]m]t_m[ nsâ am{xw {]iv-\aã. kv{xoisf kw_ôn msw nâ AXv Gsd IÀ iamip p. kz w ssewknimhbh sf pdn v kv{xoisfs m p kwkmcn n pibpw AXn eqss kaql nsâ ssewkniá oxnisf A\m hcww sn pibpw kv{xoifnâ Bßhnizkap m m³ Ahsc {]m]vxcm pibpw sn p ]pkvxiamwnxv. kv{xoisf H S w {]tnmzn n psim ncn p temi nsexs ZoÀLImew s_ìv skãdmbn XpScp ]pkvxi nsâ aebmf hnhà- \w. \yq-kv dqw _n BÀ ]n Á mkvià Zv lnµp, Zv kvtäävkvam³, t] {Snb«v, Zv su m sldmäuv, bp F³ sf XpS n hnhn[ ]{Xam[ya fnâ Ggp]Xn ämt mfw {]hà n psim v kzx{ ym\ c C ybpss Ncn{X ns\m w k cn Hcp am[ya{]hà Isâ A\pÁ h pdn pifmwv ]p kvxiw. Rm³ F Á mhs t_m[]qàæw AIäns m v, _n BÀ ]n Á m kvià Xm³ Á mkamhpibpw km nbmhpibpw snbvx Ncn{Xm\pÁ h sf hkvxp\njvtambn Pm{KXtbmsS Cu IrXnbn BhnjvIcn p p. C ybnse am[yancn{x nse shfn w ImWm A[ymb Ä F hntijw n\à lamb ]pkvxiw. Hm sse³ tìmà k-µà-in- m³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q. IfÎÀ t{_m {]im- v \mbà CsXmcp knhnâ kàhokv DtZymKØsâ kàhokv kv tämdn AÃ, adn v Compassion (AXns\sb mwv bymà nâ hnfnt Xv? BÀ{ZX sbt m? klm\pá qxnsb t m) F Hscmä {]tab n  tnà p si«m\mhp kwá h fpssbpw Bib fpssbpw HmÀaIfpsSbpw HtcmÀa pkvxiw! Xm³ F msw pw Fs Ãmw sn m\mhpsa pw Fs ms bmwv snt - sx pw Xncn dnª, PohnX nse Bthtim Özeamb Hcp ImeL«nse bm{xbmwnxv. AXpsIm pxs CsXmcp shdpw HmÀ½ pkvxiaã. D- p-x-cniv ayq-kv tacn {]Wbhpw lcnxhpw BßobXbpw \m«piybpw s] thhpw DSÂs cp hpw a KmYbpw ASp fthhpw HgpIn c p s] s]m cpfpifmwv ayqkv tacnbpss IhnXIfn \ndbp Xv. Nmc p tncp ktlmzcn bpw agapicp kjnbpw Npw_\s cp Ä Im p {]Wbn\nbpw PohnXs cp S Xpgbm³ Im p\nâ p Iq«pImcnbpw Bßmhp si«pt]mb DS Ipfn n phm³ Iq«pImcs\ Im p _meyimekjnbpw Xnf padnbp Iªn m{x nâ\n p PohnX]mTw ]Tn n A½ nbpss sndpaifpw Cu IhnXIfneqsS lrzb nsâ Nmcp_ nâ Nmcnbncp p samgnbp p. D p]cepiät]mse I\ p PohnX]mT fpss ITn\Xbpw D p{]xnaifp ss \ntýx\xzhpw DdsI«pt]mb D nsâ \n ÀKpWXzhpw km n[yanãmsx ]c psim v cpnnam{xw Ahtijn n p D nsâ Aenbepw DÄs måp PohnXapJ Ä Nabv p ehw]mt fmwv D pxcnsi Cu kamlm c nse IhnXIfn {]kcn p- Xv. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

32 aebmfniä v hmb\bpss hgn sxfn ]n.f³. ]Wn cpss HmÀ½Zn\t ms\p_ Ôn v Un kn _piv -kv aebmf nse Fgp p ImÀ, kmaqlni- cm{ãob tajeifnse {] apjà F nhsc ]s Sp n psim v hn ]peamb hmb\mhmcmtlmjw kwlsn n p. hmb\mhmcw Á mh\mt\cw F t]cnâ Hcp nb ]cn]msn Bib nse \qx\ kzámhw sim v thdn«p\n p. hmb\mzn\ amb Pq 19þ\v apjya{ n ]nwdmbn hnp b³ DZvLmS\w snbvxp. Akm[mcWamb {]XnkÔnbneqsSbmWv temiw Ct mä IS pt]mip sx pw Cu {]XnkÔn IÄ nsbnepw \m«nse pw hmb\bpss hk w XoÀ m³ {KÙimeIÄ mbn sb pw apjya{ n ]nwdmbn hnpb³ BtLmj]cn]mSn DZvLmS\w snbvxpsim v ]dªp. temivuu Imebfhn tcmk _m[nxcpss hospifnâ ]pkvxi Ä F n pi hgn AhcpsS am\êni ]ncn apdp w Ipdbv m\pw aebmfnbpss hmb \mioe nâ hnshphcmsx t\m m\pw {KmaoW {KÙimeIÄ v km[n psh pw apjya{ n Nq n m«n. NS nâsh v simãw PnÃbnse Ipf S {Kma mb nse s] cpwipfw ticf nse BZy ]pkvxi{kmaambn apjya{ n {]Jym]n p. {]Xn] t\xmhv hn Un kxoi³, a{ n amcmb BÀ _nµp, hn inh³ip«n, aptijv Fw F F, tum. AeImkm À tp _v sf ]n Fkv, kmlnxyimc mcmb k dnb, s_\yman³, ]n F^v amxyqkv, ]n hn jmpnip amà, Pn BÀ CµptKm]³, Zo]m \nim v, tkmwnb d^oiv, Znhy Fkv A À, {io]m ÀÆXn, tkm]n\myv apxpimsv, Ne n{xxmc fmb a[p]mâ, C{µ³kv, doam IÃn Â, A\q]v tat\m³, ^m. tpm-kv I-«n-ImSv, ar- WmÂ-Zm-kv, _Ãm- -]-lb³ XpS nbhà AhÀ nãs «]pkvxiá mk Ä hmbn v ]cn]msnbpss Ám Kambn. {]nbs «hmb\ mà v Un kn _piv-knsâ HutZymKnI bqsyq_v, t^kv_p v t]ppifneqss hmb\m hmcw Á mh\mt\cw ]cn]msn BkzZn mw. ]cn]msn BkzZn m³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

33 Book Review dt_- hiyamb Hcp am{ nixzw Xpfp¼n\n p XqenIbmWv F pw cmpohv- inhi dntâxv. At±ls hmbn n«påhà dnbmw Xtam thzhpw, {]mwk mchpw hmb\ mcsâ a\ênep m nb Hcp "Hmfw thdn«xpxs bmwv. kaimeni kwá h Ä Á mh\bnâ Nmens gpxp Hcp A]qÀh {]XnÁ sb \nebnâ At±l nsâ t\mhepiä an Xpw \hbpk Fgp n\v Hcp hgn ncnhpiqsnbmwv. cmpohv- kmdnsâ H«p an IrXnIfpw hmbn n«på Hcp hmb\ mc³ F \nebnâ IÂ{]amWhpw s] cipw ZnhyhpsaÃmw \½psS a nâ \mas p Hcp kaql nsâ BJym\ BhnjvImcambn txm nbn«p v. þ BÂ_n³ cmpv C y KmÔn p tijw kzx{ C ybnâ P\n p hfà HcmÄ XoÀ bmbpw hmbn ncnt ]pkvxiamwv cman{µ KplbpsS "C y KmÔn p tijw. C y³ ]mtimeifnâ Ncn{Xw 1947 BKÌv 15þ\v Ahkm\n p psh v Kpl XpS nâ s Nq n m«p p v þ\p tijw cm{ãcq]o IcW nsâ {]iv\ Ä apxepå Ncn{Xw \njv] ambn t\m n mwm³ Kpl {ian n«p v. AXns\ mä apjy[mcm Ncn{Xw ]dbmsxt]mb Hcp]mSv hnhc Ä Z ambn Cu ]pkvxi nâ\n p eán - pw. þ Kncojv IpamÀ Gdv BkzmZ\ nsâ ]pxnb hmxmb\ Ä \ÂIns m v asämcp Xe nte v Nn sb \bn p t\mhemwv "G-dv. D ab nâ InS pt¼mä taâ qcbnâ Hcp Zzmcw howxmbn kz]v\w ImWp p. F{Xsbms kpc nxcmwv \mw F p IcpXnbmepw, si«nbp m nb FÃm taâ qc pw axnen\pw aqsp]s n\psaãmw XpfbnSm³ X hn[samcp Gdv GhcpsSbpw DÅnsemcp B[nbmbn _m nbp mipw. \½psSsbms kzøxbnte v GXp \nanjhpw Hcp Gdp h p hogmhp sxbpåp F v ]dªv tzhzmkv hmb\ msc hmb\bnte v Cd m³ Wn p p. þ kt mjv Ce- qà HdnPn³ Um³ {_uwnsâ tdm_à«v emmvu³ kocoknse A mas ]p kvxiw BWv HdnPn³. ap³]nes emmvu³ IYIÄ Bb Angels and demons, Davinci code, Lost Symbol, Inferno F nhbpss AtX t^mà apebnâ hcp Hcp {XnÃÀXs bmwv HdnPn³. ]Xnhv t]mse Cu ]pkvxi nepw {]Xn]mZn ncnbv p Ie, hmkvxpinev]hnzy, Øew, imkv{xw, axøm]\ Ä FÃmwXs bymàyy nâ DÅXpXs bmwv. t]cv kqnn n p t]msexs Áqa nbnse Pohsâ DXv] nsb B[mcam nbmwv C hw Um³ {_u \s½ hnkvabn n p- Xv. Hä cm{xnbnâ \S p DtZzKP\Iamb kwá h Ä Xs bmwv Cu IYbnepw. lmàhmàuv- bqwnthgvknänbnse NnÓimkv{XÚ³ s{]m^kà emmvu³, Xsâ ]qàæime injy\pw \ncoizchmznbpw I¼yq«À imkv{xú\pw Bb FUva v IoÀjnsâ W{]Imcw kvs]bn\nte v sns pibmwv. þ {iotimán ³ ]n Un ]pkv-x-i\n-cq]-ww ]qà-w-am-bn hm-bn- m³ Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q. Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³ Pqsse

34 kmw-kv-im-cni hmà- IÄ _joà _meyimekjn ]pckvimcw _n.fw. kpldbv pw _joà A½ aebmfw ]pckvimcw hn.fw.kncnpbv pw _joà kvamci kanxn ssh w apl½zv _jodnsâ t]cnâ GÀs Sp nbn«på _meyimekjn ]pckv -Imcw{]ikvX Fgp pimcn _n.fw. kpldbv v. _joà A½ aebmfw kmlnxy Iq«mbva \ÂIp _joà A½ aebmfw ]pckvimc n\v {]ikvx Ihb{Xn hn.fw. KncnP AÀlbmbn. 10,001 cq]bpw {]ikvxn]{xhpw ^eihpw AS p XmWv ]pckv -Imcw. Á cxv Á h³ sk{i«dnbpw \msi-ne n{x kwhn[mbi\pamb {]tamzv ] qà snbàam\pw XncIYmIr pw Ne n{x kwhn[mbicpamb tum.fw.f.dòm³, _n. D nirjvw³, kmlnxyimc³amcmb si.hn. taml³ IpamÀ, InfncqÀ cm[m IrjvW³, am[ya{]hà Icmb tum. t]mä awenâ, Fw. kcnx taml\hà½, tum. bp. jwe, tum. Fkv. emen tamä, tum. Aw_nI. F. \mbà F nhà AS p PqdnbmWv AhmÀUv tpxm sf XncsªSp Xv. kmlnxy t{]anifpss {i²t\sn ae_mà enäddn kàiyq«v {]Jym]-\w hntzik mcniä pw kmlnxyt{]aniä pw Hcp irwjebneqss ae_m dnsâ Bßmhns\ sxm«dnbm³ ae_mà enäddn kàiyq«v. _PänemWv CXv kw_ôn {]Jym]\w D mbxv. ssh w apl½zv _jodnâ XpS n Fw Sn hmkptzh³ \mbà, Xp v Fgp ѳ, H hn hnpb³ F nhcpss X«I Ä kv]àin på k mcw DÄs måp ae_mà enäddn kàiyq«v t_ qà, Xp ³ kvamciw, s]m m\n, X{km v, Á mcx pgbpss Xoc Ä, Xr me F o {]tzi fpss IemkmlnXy ]mc¼cys timà nw p Xmbncn pw. simãw Pnà bnse AãapSn mbâ, a t{sm Xpcp v, sim«mc c, ao³]nsn md, ap«dacp Xnae, PSmbp md, sx³ae, A ³tImhn F o {]tzi sf _Ôn n v _tbm ssuthgv -knän kàiyq«pw {]Jym]n n«p v. CXn\mbn 50 timsn hibncp nbn«p s v [\a{ n Adnbn p. s{]m^. F kp[mic³ kmwkvimcni ]pckv-im-cw ]ptcmka\ IemkmlnXy kwlw kwøm\sk{i«dnbm bncp s{]m^. F kp[micsâ kvacwbv mbn ]ptcmka\ IemkmlnXy kwlw PnÃm I½nän GÀs Sp nb ]pc kvimc n\v Ihn apcpi³ Im«m S AÀl\mbn. 10,000 cq]bpw {]ikvxn]{xhpw Nn{X Imc³ Imcbv maþ]w hnp bipamà cq]iâ \ snbvx inâ hpw AS p XmWv ]pckvimcw. tiihtzhv ]pckv-im-cw ]n.tiihtzhv {SÌv GÀs Sp nb tiihtzhv kmlnxy ]pckvimcw (50,000 cq]) aebmf at\mca ap³ FUntämdn bâ UbdÎÀ txmakv tp _n\v. BtcmKyhnZymÁ ymk tajebnse ka{kkw- Á mh\iä på Ub_vkv{Io³ ticf tiihtzhv ]pckvimcw (50,000 cq]) almcm{ãbnse {] apj F³tUmss{It\mfPnÌv tum. iim v BÀ. tpmjn mwv. ]penävkà ]pckvimc Ä- {]Jym-]n- p Cu hàjs ]penävkà ]pckvimc Ä {]Jym]n p. t{_ nmv \yqkn\på ]pckvimcw ÌmÀ {Sn_yq Ic Øam n. tpmàpv ^vtfmbnunsâ sime]mxiw dnt mà«v snbvxxn\mwv ]pckv-imcw. ani A mcm{ã dnt m À«nwKn\pÅ ]pckv-imcw C y³ hwipbmb tal cmp tkm]me³ kz am n. ssn\bnse XS  ]mfbs p dn på dnt mà«mwv C y³ hwipbmb tal cmptkm]men\v ]pc kv-imcw t\sns msp Xv. timhnuv ]Ým e nâ Cu XhW bpw Hm sse\mbmwv ]penävkà ]pckvimc Ä {]Jym]n Xv. At\zjWmßI ]{X{]hÀ \ n\på ]pckv-imcw t_mì t m_nse A v am[ya{]hà IÀ ] n«p. s]³ ]nâà ]pckv-imcw knõn Um³sKsdw_v-K-bv v t\mhenìv knõn Um³ sksdw_v-kbv v s]³ ]nâà ]pckv -Imcw. s\mt_â ]pckv Imc tpxmhv ltcmäuv ]n sâdnsâ t]cnâ kzx{ kw Á mjw {]NmcIcmb Cw njv s]³ BWv ]pckvimcw \ Inhcp Xv. t\ct _p À ]pckv-imc nsâ Npcp «nibnepw knõn CSw]nSn ncp p. Iyp BÀ tim-uv kv-im³ sn q Pqsse Idâ v _p-iv-kv _p-å-än³

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