Eng. Gram. Pra. Work Part-I Future PerfectTense : qýo ¼rð»Þft * ¼rð»Þ{tk ftur r Þt qýo ÚtR R nþu uðwk ƒ tððt qýo ¼rð»Þft ð htþ Au. WŒt. When you

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1 63 27 Future PerfectTense : qýo ¼rð»Þft * ¼rð»Þ{tk ftur r Þt qýo ÚtR R nþu uðwk ƒ tððt qýo ¼rð»Þft ð htþ Au. WŒt. When you will come, I shall have been written my lesson. Before you go to see him, he will have left the place. * wsht e{tk eäw...þt..r..nþu. ð uhu þçœtu qýo¼rð»þft Ëq[ðu Au. h[ t: f to+ to be w ¼.ft. wy (shall / will )+ have + ¼q f]œk + f{o ftië{tk yt u t r Þt Œ ðzu ¾t e søþt{tk r Þt Œ wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qftu. 1. We...our exercise before the teacher will come. (write) 2. I...my work before you say me. (do) 3. When you will see him, he...his job. (finish) 4. They...nothing before we come. (read) 5. I...my house before you take retirement. (build) 6. We...not...to see the drama before we come. (go) 7....not you...the exam before I go abroad. (pass) 8. When he...i will not say. (go) 9. Who...an apple before we come. (eat) 10. I...us before we pray. (help) r Þt Œ t yr Þr{ Á tu arise arose arisen become became become begin began begun break broke broken bring brought brought burn burntk burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk eat ate eaten find found found fight fought fought forget forgot forgotten get got got give gave given go went gone know knew known make made made run ran run say said said see saw seen sing sang sung speak spoke spoken take took taken teach taught taught tell told told win won won write wrote written e Ënò kœ wáfw - ¾tk¼t ËkMÚtt rh[þ y{hu e rsõ t t ¾tk¼t t{u Ät hðze Œe t h{ýeþ rf tht h ËŒT wá þtmºte Mðt{e Ä{o«ËtŒŒtËS îtht ËkMÚttr y u þt.mðt{e htäth{ýœtës îtht Ëk[tr e Ënò kœ wáfw ËkMÚtt þiûtrýf, Ët{trsf y u ÄtŠ{f ûtuºtu y ufrðä «ð]â tytu fhu Au. rþûtýëuðt e «ð]â tytu 1. ËkMÚtt{tk yã ËwrðÄtðt e Atºtt Þ (ntumxu ) e ËwrðÄt Au. 2. ƒt {krœhúte ŒË Ätuhý ËwÄe e «tútr{f y u {tæþr{f rðãt Þ [t u Au. 3. þt.mðt.ä{o«ëtœœtës ËkMf] txþt t [t u Au.su{tk ƒt ftu u rð t{qõþu ËkMf] w rþûtý yt ðt{tk ytðu Au. 4. usmðe ƒt ftu u rþ»þð]â t Útt Ve htn ð uhu tu t¼ { u Au. Ë{tsËuðt e «ð]â tytu 1. ËkMÚtt îtht Œh {rn u ytk¾tu tu Útt Ë{Þtk hu ytþwðuoœ, ntur{þtu uúte, Œk Þ t, tur Þtu ð uhu rðrðä htu t r Œt -W [th fub ÚttÞ Au. 2. t,ò y u Ä{o t ¼uŒ¼tð rð t Ë{ts t syheþt {kœ tuftu u Ë{Þtur[ rð t{qõþu y ts,f zt,œðt ð uhu Sð syhe [es ðm wytu wk rð hý fhðt{tk ytðu Au. 3. Ë{ts{tkÚte ðnu{,ykä Øt,fwheðtòu y u ÔÞË tu Œqh fhðt Ë{Þtk hu Ä{o˼tytu y u tt ˺ttu wk ytþtus fhðt{tk ytðu Au. Ä{o Ëuðt e «ð]â tytu ËkMÚtt îtht Ëðtoð the e Mðtr{ thtþý ¼ ðt t ËðoSð rn tðn rëøtk tu tu «Ëth,«[th,ŒuðËuðt ð uhu «ð]â tytu ÚttÞ Au. ËíËk Ëuðt e ylþ «ð]â tytu 1. tiëuðt. 2. ËtrníÞ «ftþ 3. Mðtr{ thtþý Œþo {trëf 4. ht»xùeþ y u ÄtŠ{f WíËðtu e WíËtn¼uh Wsðýe ËkMÚtt e yufðth {w tft uðt y{tá ¼tð¼Þwo r {kºtý Au.

2 Rajesh is speaking now. 20 The lion is roaring now. 25 Present Perfect Tense : qýo ð o{t ft qýoð o{t ft tu W Þtu õþthu ÚttÞ? : 1. Sf t ¼q ft {tk yútto T n{ýtk s r Þt whe ÚtR Au yuðwk ƒ tððt. WŒt. He has just gone. / It has just strike ten. 2. su tu Ë{Þ yt u tu ntuþ y u r Âù ý ÚtR þfu u{ ntuþ uðe ¼q ft {tk ÚtÞu e ½x tytu tu ËkŒ¼o ƒ tððt. WŒt. Rajendra has been in England. / Have you eaten? I have never known him to be angry. 3. ð o{t ft {tk su e yëh z e ntuþ uðe ¼q ft {tk qýo ÚtR Þu e r Þtytu ƒ tððt. WŒt. Bina has eaten all the biscuits. (yútto T {tht {txu ftkr htïþw Úte.) / I have finished my work. 4.ftuR r Þt ¼q ft {tk þá ÚtR ntuþ y u n{ýtk ý [t w Au uðwk ƒ tððt. WŒt. He has been ill since last week. We have lived here for ten years. * qýoð o{t ft {tk Ët{tLÞhe u just,never,ever, till,now, yet, already,since, for, today, this week,this moment ð uhu þçœtu tu «Þtu fhðt{tk ytðu Au. wsht e{tk eäw...þt..r..au. ð uhu þçœtu q.ð.ft Ëq[ðu Au. * qýoð o{t ft ËtÚtu õþthuþ ý ¼q ft ƒ tð t r Þtrðþu»týtu suðtfu last,yesterday ð uhu tu «Þtu Út tu Úte. u e ðtõþ h[ t... f to+ to have w ð o{t ft wy (has / have) + r Þt Œ w ¼q f]œk + f{o ftië{tk yt u t r Þt Œ wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qfe u ¾t e søþt whtu. 1. She...her note.(write) 2. I...have often...abu. (visit) 3. I...(eat) 4. We...our homework. (do) 5....they...me.(see)? 6. She...never...a circus. (see) 7. Where...he...(go). 8. He...not...this? (do) 9. Yet,... you not... your work? (finish) 10 We... not...our salary of this month. (get) 11 He...already... his lesson. (write) 12...you not read this story book,yet? (to have) 13 Ramu...,... all the mangoes. (eat) 14 My sisters...,... classes since last month. (joint) 15...Azhar not...his lesson? (write) 26 Past Perfect Tense : qýo ¼q ft * ¼q ft {tk ƒ e Þu e ƒu ½x tytu tu r Œuoþ fh e ð¾ u nu t ƒ u e ½x t u qýo¼q ft {tk y u Ae ƒ u e ½x t u ËtŒt ¼q ft {tk ƒ tððt{tk ytðu Au. WŒt. I had written my exercise before you came. * y{wf Ë{Þ nu t r Þt qýo ÚtR R ntuðt w ƒ tððt q. ¼q. ð htþ Au WŒt. We had visited Abu. / I had seen her last five years ago. * wsht e{tk eäw...þt..r..n e. ð uhu þçœtu qýo¼q ft Ëq[ðu Au. h[ t : f to+ to have w ¼q ft wy (had) + r Þt Œ w ¼q f]œk + f{o ftië{tk yt u t r Þt Œ ðzu ¾t e søþt{tk r Þt Œ wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qftu. 1. We...our exercise before he came. (write) 2. I...that work before you said. (do) 3. He...his job when you saw him. (finish) 4. They...nothing before we came. (read) 5. She...the liquide before I scold. (drink) 6. We...not...to see the drama. (go) 7....you...in the last exam? I heard so. (copy) 8. He didn't say when...she...? (come) 9. When he was ill, I...him heartly. (serve) 10 Someone...my purse when I was in Bombay. (steal) 11 Ramubhai...his home before I reached there. (leave) 12 Amirani...her work bofore anyone say to her. (finish) 13 The time was over, though he...his project. (finish) 14 She...before anybody reached to help. (die) 15 My mother...me everything before I asked her. (talk) tuä : r Þt Œ t ¼q.ft.y u ¼q.f]. t Á tu {tuxt¼t u r Þt Œ u Auzu e ytð tu ntuþ tu d y u ÔÞks ntuþ tu ed tzðtúte ƒ u Au. WŒt. play - played - played fux tf r Þt Œtu{tk ftur VuhVth Út tu Úte. fux tf yr Þr{ Au. u ta ytãþt Au. {q Á ¼q.ft. ¼q.f]. cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put put set set set split split split spread spread spread shut shut shut burst burst burst

3 Past Continuous Tense : [t w ¼q ft 24 Future Continuous Tense : [t w ¼rð»Þft ¼q ft {tk ftur r Þt [t w n e u Œþtoðu Au. u e ðtõþ h[ t e[u «{týu ÚttÞ Au. f to+ to be w ¼q ft wy (was / were) + r Þt Œ+ ing + f{o WŒt. He was eating a banana in the morning. u{tk ¼q ft Œþo yesterday,last ð uhu þçœtu ntuþ yu sáhe Úte. 2.r Þt Œ t Auzu ing tzeyu íþthu r Þt Œ t Á {tk [t.ð.ft. e suðt s VuhVthtu ÚttÞ Au. ' t...n t ( ¾ t, t t...n t.) suðe wsht e{tk ðtõþ h[ t ÚttÞ Au. ¼q ft {tk ftur r Þt [t w n e u Œþtoðu Au. u e ðtõþ h[ t e[u «{týu ÚttÞ Au. f to+ to be w ¼q ft wy (was / were) + r Þt Œ+ ing + f{o WŒt. He was eating a banana in the morning. u{tk ¼q ft Œþo yesterday,last ð uhu þçœtu ntuþ yu sáhe Úte. 2.r Þt Œ t Auzu ing tzeyu íþthu r Þt Œ t Á {tk [t.ð.ft. e suðt s VuhVthtu ÚttÞ Au. ' t...n t ( ¾ t, t t...n t.) suðe wsht e{tk ðtõþ h[ t ÚttÞ Au. ftië{tk yt u t r Þt Œ ðzu ¾t e søþt{tk r Þt Œ wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qftu. 1. I was... a ball. (throw) 2. You were...the ball. (catch) 3. The boys were... kites.(fly)4. He was...the lion. (tease) 5. We were... mango icecream. (eat) 6. The monkey was... on the swing. (sit) 7. The children were... on the playground. (run) 8. He was... in his notebook. (write) 9. My father was... in this room. (sleep) 10 Renuka was...a song. (sing) Exercise-2 e[u yt u t [t w ð o{t ft t ðtõþtu u [t w ¼q ft {tk Vuhðtu. 1. I am doing my homework. 2. She is knitting a sweater. 2. We are playing games. 3. They are watching T.V. 4. He is drinking juice. 5. The rain is falling. 6. My aunt is reading a novel. 7. Manisha is laughing. 8. The pupils are learning. 9. The peon is ringing the bell. 10 My father is sleeping now but I am listening radio. ¼rð»Þft {tk ftur r Þt [t w nþu uðwk Œþtoðu Au. u e ðtõþ h[ t yt «{týu ÚttÞ Au. f to+ to be w ¼rð»Þft wy (shall / will) + be + r Þt Œ+ ing + f{o WŒt. We shall be working when you come. u{tk ¼rð»Þft Œþof þçœtu ntuþ yu sáhe Úte. A t yuf r Þt t y wëkät {tk ƒes r Þt [t w nþu yuðtu ¼tð «x fhðt{tk ytðu Au. 2.r Þt Œ t Auzu ing tzeyu íþthu r Þt Œ t Á {tk [t.ð.ft. e suðt s VuhVthtu ÚttÞ Au. ' t...nþu ( ¾ t, t t...nþu.) suðe wsht e{tk ðtõþ h[ t ÚttÞ Au. ftië{tk yt u t r Þt Œ ðzu ¾t e søþt{tk r Þt Œ wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qftu. 1. I... cricket when you will come at me home. (play) 2. She...at that time tomorrow. (write) 3. They...in the bus today night. (travel) 4. We...Pudla when he will go out. (eat) 5. Ranchod...juice when you will go there. (drink) 6. I guess that my father... now from the factory. (come) 7. It is time of exam so he... (read) 8. My house...in the next month. (build) 9. When she will come, I...my homework. (do) 10 I cannot think that she...vegetables now. (cut) Exercise-2 e[u t ðtõþtu u [t w ¼rð»Þft {tk Vuhðtu. 1. I am reading now. 2. Hetal is sweeping the room. 3. She is playing. 4. My uncle is doing his work. 5. They are ploughing. 6. We are eating now. 7.The baby is crying. 8. They are going. 9. You are running now. 10 The monkeys are jumping now. 11 She is sleeping now. 12 We are writing now. 13 He is working now. 14 They are watching match now. 15 Atul is eating now. 16 Anita is kniting handkerchief. 17 My father is ploughing. 18 Your mother is washing clothes.

4 When... you... from Ah'd? (return) 16 Tomorrow we... grand party. (have) you... to Abu in the summer vacation? (go) 18 We... for a walk on Sunday. (go) 19 When... you... your sports day this year? (celebrate) we... to Delhi on our annual day? (go) 21 He... cricket after five o'clock today. (play) 22 Next Monday they... Sanskrit. (learn) 23 This year we... a magazine. (to be going+publish) 24 Where...you...in the Dipavali vacation. (visit) 25 I... my 13th Birthday next week. (to be+celebrate) Exercise-2 WŒtnhý{tk ƒ tôþt «{týu ft rhð o fhtu. WŒt. We shall play a cricket match tomorrow. We are playing a cricket match now. 1. I shall go to bazzar on Monday. 2. Rakesh will come to my house this evening. 3. He will go to his uncle's house tomorrow. 4. We shall celebrate our annual day next week. 5. They will return from their tour next month. 6. I shall not go to school on Monday. 7. They will come to my house next month. 8. We will not free next week. 9. What will he do in his uncle's farm on holiday? 10 She will sing a song at night. Exercise-3 e[u t ðtõþtu u WŒt.{tk ƒ tôþt «{týu ËtŒt ¼rð»Þft {tk Vuhðtu. WŒt. We am visiting Kashmir next week. We shall visit Kashmir next week. 1. Sachin Tendulkar is arriving in Ahmedabad next Monday. 2. We are meeting in Kalol next week. 3. My friend is coming to my house this evening. 4. He is joining classes next month. 5. I am leaving Junagadh tomorrow. 6. He is playing cricket tomorrow. 22 Present Continuous Tense : [t w ð o{t ft ð o{t {tk r Þt [t w Au u Œþtoðu Au. u e ðtõþ h[ t e[u «{týu ntuþ Au. f to+ to be w ð o{t ft w Y (is,am,are) + r Þt Œ+ ing + f{o WŒt. I am eating a banana. / He is playing cricket now tuä :1.[t wft Œþtoððt ðtõþ{tk ¾tË fhe u now,look,listen,run ð uhu þçœtu ytðu Au. 2.r Þt Œ t Auzu ing tzeyu íþthu... * r Þt Œ tu AuÕ tu yûth Mðh ntuþ y u u tu Wå[th Út tu ntuþ tu ing tzeyu íþthu u Mðh ef e òþ Au. WŒt. Give-Giving, Take-Taking * r Þt Œ tu AuÕ tu yûth Mðh ntuþ y u u tu Wå[th Út tu ntuþ tu ËeÄw ing t u. WŒt. See-seeing, Be- Being. * r Þt Œ tu AuÕ tu yûth ÔÞks ntuþ y u u e nu t yuf s Mðh ntuþ tu ing tzeyu íþthu AuÕ tu yûth ƒuðztþ Au. WŒt. run-running, plan,planning. * r Þt Œ tu AuÕ tu yûth ÔÞks ntuþ y u u e yt tu Mðh ¼th qðof Wå[tht tu ntuþ tu u ÔÞks ƒuðzt tu Úte. WŒt. Open- Opening. 3. ðtõþ{tk «túto Ëq[f þçœtu ntuþ tu u Ae to be +f to +r Þt Œ+ing {qftþ Au. WŒt. Where is he going? 4. fux ef ft{[ tw ½x tytu ƒ tððt {txu ý [t w ð to{t ft ð htþ Au. WŒt. I am hearing the 'Ramayan' tu yúto yíþthu nª, ý n{ýtk ÚttÞ Au. 5. su ½x tytu qðo ytþturs ntuþ y u Sf t ¼rð»Þ{tk ƒ ðt e ntuþ u ƒ tððt WŒt. My uncle is arriving tomorrow. (yt e [[to yt ýu ËtŒtð o{t ft ð¾ u fhe Au. uúte ynª w htð o fh t Úte. [t w ð o{t ft w ÞtuøÞÁ {qfe u ¾t e søþt whtu. 1. See, the dog...(bark) 2.We...a newspaper now. (read) 3. Who... now? (speak) 4. The farmer... now. (dig) 5. Pupils...now. (talk) 6. The baby... now. (cry) 7. He...with me.(come) 8. Look, the Sun...now. (set) 9. Listen, Lata... (sing) he...a kite now? (fly) 11 Manoj...cricket.(play)12...you...a book? (book) 13 Sita...clothes. (wash) 14...I not...milk? (drink) 15 Jitu...in the farm.(work) 16...she...food? (cook) 17 Tina...her lesson.(write) 18...we...to Abu? (go) 19 My uncle...t.v. (watch)20...priya not...cow?(milk)

5 56 55 Exercise-4 Today e søþtyu yesterday y u now e søþtyu then ðt he e[u tk ðtõþtu VheÚte ¾tu. WŒt. 1. He is in Khambha today./he was in Khambha yesterday. I was in Baroda yesterday. 2. Ram is in the library now./ Ram is in the library then. 1. We are in the school now. 2. She is busy today. 3. Is Nanji absent today? 4. Where are they now? 5. There is a holiday today. 6. I am free today. 7. She is in the kitchen now. 8. Is Rekha ill today? 9. They are busy now. 10 Who is singing now? Exercise-5 e[u e ¾t e søþt r Þt Œ To have fu To be w ÞtuøÞY {qfe u qhtu 1. He... a cycle yesterday. It... new. 2. They...in the ground. They... bats in their hands. 3. He... at school yesterday. He... a fine school bag. 4. The camera...not good. It... no light. 5. Renuka... a new dress. It... no pockets. 6. He... a cap on his head. It... new. 7. He... a bag in his hand. The bag... heavy. 8. She... not well yesterday. She... an eye disease. 9. I...in the market yesterday. I...a bag in my hand. 10 She...a doll. It...nice. Exercise-6 ftië{tk yt u tk r Þt Œtu tk ¼q ft tk Y tu ðt he ¾t e søþt qhtu : 1. Our journey... in the morning. (start) 2. I... a letter to my father yesterday. (write) 3. Amin...a first number in his class. (get) 4. They...not...the picture. (like) 5. She...to copy in the exam. (try) 6. Today Mahesh... good English in the class. (speak) 7. My father...in the last train. (arrive) 8. Lalita... a song last night. (sing) 9. We... animals and birds in the zoo. (see) 10 He... under a tree. (sit) 21 Simple Future Tense : ËtŒtu ¼rð»Þft h[ t :f to + will / shall + r Þt Œ wk {q Y WŒt. I / We shall go. I / We shall not go. Shall I / We go? Shall I / We not go? (1) I y u We ËtÚtu shall y u ƒtfe t ËtÚtu will ð htþ Au. hk w òu ¼th qðof fturðt fnuðe ntuþ tu yt «r Þt W xe fhðt{tk ytðu Au. WŒt.They will go there. (Ët{tLÞ)They shall go home. (¼th qðof) (2) ËtŒtu ¼rð»Þft Ëq[ð t tomorrow,suðt Ë{Þ Œþof þçœtu tu «Þtu fhðt{tk ytðu Au.WŒt. I shall buy a pen tomorrow. (3 ) Going to : ý ËtŒtu ¼rð»Þft Ëq[ðu Au. u tu Œ {... f to + to be (is,am,are)+ going to +r Þt Œ wk {q Y + f{o WŒt. They are going to start a business. uytu ÄkÄtu þy fhðt t Au. (4) [t w ð o{t ft e h[ t{tk ý òu ¼rð»Þft ƒ tð t Ë{ÞŒþof þçœtu This evening, tomorrow, next, this ð uhu ytð t ntuþ tu ËtŒtu ¼rð»Þft Ëq[ðtÞ Au. WŒt. Raju is buying a new car next week. Œ { : f to + is / am / are + r Þt Œ+ ing +f{o+ë{þëq[f þçœ. r Þt Œ{tk þ ËtŒtu ¼rð»Þft Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt.nwk ¾tRþ,sRþ,ð uhu. e[u yt u e ¾t e søþt{tk r Þt Œ wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qftu. 1. They...to bazzar tomorrow. (go) 2. Where... we... tomorrow? (do) 3. He... picnic next month. (to be going +arrange) 4. I... a test next week. (have) 5. Next Monday we... our relatives. (to be +meet) 6. Who... you a story tomorrow? (tell) 7. Sunil... new clothes on his birthday. (wear) 8. The peon... not... the bell. He is on strike. (ring) 9. My father... a new bicycle for me. (to be going +buy) 10 Our grandmother... us a story tonight. (tell) 11 Mitali... a holiday next week. (have) 12 I... a new car next month. (buy) you... your friends next Sunday? (invite) 14 D.E.O.... our school next week. (to be +visit)

6 Simple Past Tense : ËtŒtu ¼q ft (1) Sf t ¼q ft e r Þt Œþtoðu Au. u tk wsht e{tk Ätu,Äe,Äw, Ät,R,RÞtu,RÞt ð uhu «íþþtu Au. WŒt. uytu {wkƒrúte ytôþt. / uýeyu ¾tÄw. / {u fìtwk / y{u hbþt / u Þtu. * yt ft e ðtõþ h[ t e[u «{týu ntuþ Au. f to + r Þt Œ wk ¼q ft wk Y + f{o. WŒt. I ate a mango. (2) ËtŒt ¼q ft e ðtõþ h[ t u fth fu «túto{tk Vuhð e ð¾ u òu u{tk (was,were fu had ntuþ tu) did ËntÞfthf r Þt Œ {wfe r Þt Œ wk {q Y {qftþ Au. «túto ðtõþ{tk f to e yt did {qftþ Au. y u òu what,why ð uhu «Ëq[f þçœtu ytð t ntuþ tu u t Ae whk did {wftþ Au. WŒt. I ate an apple. I did not eat an apple. What did he say? Why did you not go? (3) ËtŒt ¼q ft e ðtõþh[ t{tk yester day, Last, before, after ð uhu Sf tu ¼q ft Œþtoð t þçœtu yútðt ¼q ft wk yuf r Þt Œ yt u ntuþ Au. WŒt. I bought a new book yesterday. India became free in I wrote a letter this morning. It was a good party. I liked it much. 4.ðtõÞ{tk «Ëq[f þçœtu (What,Why ð uhu) ntuþ tu u t Ae whk to be t ¼q ft t Y tu was,were fu to have ¼q ft wky had {wftþ Au. y u r Þt Œ wk {q Y {qftþ Au. WŒt. I was ill yesterday. / I had a pencil lastday. To be' t ËtŒt ¼q ft t ÞtuøÞY ðzu ¾t e søþt qhtu 1. Punam... in the garden yesterday you in the hospital yesterday? 3. Your brother was in the zoo. Where... you? 4. Rajiv Gandhi... our Prime Minister. 5. Mr. Dave... in the laboratory yesterday. 6. I am well today but yesterday I... not well. 7. Who... your class teacher last year? 8. We... in Bombay last week. 9. My brother... a typist in this school last year. 10 There... many mangoes on the mango tree last month. Exercise-2 e[u e ¾t e søþt{tk 'To have' wk ÞtuøÞY {qftu. 1. Ramesh was in the garden. He... a rose in his hand. 2. What... she when she was in the class room? 3. I... a car last year. 4. Yesterday you... a fine bag. 5. Last year she... a red bicycle many wild animals in the zoo last years? 7. In the Gurukul we... good and kind teachers. 8. Bhavin... no money,but he was happy you an old umbrella last year? 10 Dipak... two pens last week. Exercise-3 ftië{tk yt u r Þt Œ wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qfe u ¾t e søþt whtu. 1. He... a camera yesterday. (buy) she... befor time yesterday? (go) 3. She... a headache last evening (to have) 4. I... not... to the office on Sunday. (go) 5. What... you... in Anil's birthday party? (eat) 6. When he came, we... in the dining room. (to be) 7. What...you...in the satsang (listen) Monika... to your house in the morning? (come) 9. India... free in (become) 10 We... a good plan last year. (make) 11 Where... you... yesterday? (go) 12 Who... you yesterday? (help) 13 We... no classes yesterday. (to have) 14 They... Mt.Abu last year. (visit) 15 Manish... his home work before one hour. (finish) 16 I reached the circus and the show...to fall. (begin) 17 We... our house and bought a new one. (sell) 18 It... a good dance. I liked it much. (to be) 19 He walked fast but he... not... the bus. (get) 20 Whom... you...my pocket? last Sunday? (give)

7 52 51 Do I go to school daily? / Do not I go to school daily? WŒt. He plays cricket daily. / He does not play cricket daily. Does he play cricket daily?/ Doesn't he play cricket daily? * Ë t r Þtytu Útt htuskœe r Þtytu Œþtoððt always,daily,never, sometimes,every day, often suðt þçœtu ðtõþ{tk ð htþ Au. * «ðtõþ{tk who,what ð uhu þçœ Ae Do/Does +f to + r Þt Œ wk {q Y ð htþ Au. WŒt. What do you eat daily? ¾t e søþt{tk ËtŒt ð o{t ft t r Þt Œ wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qftu. 1. They...cricket daily. (play) 2. The sun... in the east. (rise) 3. When...the sun...? (set)4.we... Gujarati. (speak) 5. I... a teacher. ( to be) 6.Kanu...not... milk. (like) 7. Children... toys. (like) 8.I... two eyes. (to have) 9.We...to school daily.(go)10 Why...she...a lie? (tell) 11...not...a poor dog. (beat)12 I... at the bird. (look) 13...your friend...you? (help)14 Here you...! (come) 15 Mr. Joshi... us Hindi. (teach)16... you... him? (know) 17 This...a local bus.(to be)18...your son a clerk? (to be) 19 The postman... letters twice a day. (distribute) 20 Darshan... to school on a bicycle. (go) 21 Maganbhai... our school peon. (to be) Bhavesh... to the temple everyday? (go) 23 How... she... her lesson? (prepare) 24 Gandhiji says, ' The truth...god ' (to be) 25 If you will fail, your father...not...you a prize.( give) 26 We... for America next sunday. (travel) 27 Now Ram...his bow and goes in front of Ravan. (take) 28 Where...your father...? (work) 29 When I shall go Bombay, I...Halva. (eat) 30 My grandmother always... me a story at night. (tell) 31 Vimlabahen always... Hindi well. (speak) 32 Bina...many friends. (to have) 33 We... good books in the library. (read) 34 I... not... cricket everyday. (play) you... a newspaper everyday? (read) Exercise-2 e[u e ¾t e søþt{tk 'To be' fu To have wk ÞtuøÞ Y {qftu. 1. Who... your teacher? 2. Today, I...no pen. 3. Who... three balls? you an artist? 5. We... pupils. 6. A cow... four legs 7. Who...a red shirt? 8. Rina... three roses you ten rupees? 10 'Tohima'... a new film. 11 What...your brother? 12 Whose book... this? Renuka a brother? 14 What... he in his hand? 15 I... not a teacher she a nurse? 17 My school...a garden.18 Hari and Manu... friends. 19 There... many books in the library. 20 We... two legs,two hands, two eyes and two ears. Exrcise-3 Now t ƒœ u every day {qfe u ðtõþtu ƒ tðtu. WŒt. Chandresh is singing now./ Chandresh sings every day. 1. She is reading her book now.2. Boys are playing now. 3. He is brushing his teeth now.4. The teacher is writing now. 5. They are doing their home work now. 6. Shanta is watching the TV now. 7. The clerk is writing office letters now. 8. My grandmother is going to the temple now. 9. We are swimming in the river now. 10 My sister is washing clothes now. Exercise-4 ftië{tk yt u t þçœ tu W Þtu fhe u «ðtõþ ƒ tðtu. 1. Raju works hard. (Who) 2.I have a fine pen. (What) 3.I invited my friends.(whom) 4.He lives in Rampur. (Where) 5. Avinashbhai goes to his factory at 7 : 30 a.m. (When) 6. Children like sweets very much. (What) 7. We read newspapers in the morning. (What) 8. Our grandmother tells us stories at night. (When) 9. He sends greeting cards to his friends. (Whom) 10 The people of India celebrate Dipawali. (What)

8 She slept...one hour at noon. (just, enough, only) 13...don't eat potatoes (rarely,only,usually) 14 I...drink milk at night. (quite,just,always) 15 I have...finished my homework. (just,never,generally) 16 Don't worry. Your father is...well.(generally,enough,quite) 17 I go to his home daily but he...meets me.(generally,so,quite) 18 He seems busy...than he is. (so,rather,only) 19...milk is enough for a child. (just,only,quite) 20 You are not well so you should take...rest. (only,quite,so) 21 Sir,I...know the answer. (just,already, so) 22 The solt is not...in pulse. Put... (rather,enough,only) 23 She is...slept. (generally,almost,already) 24 You have...time to think on this matter.(so,already,enough) 25 Don't speak...much. (generally,only,so) 26 That cat is...dead. (enough,almost,quite) 27...We should not waste our time. (Just,generally,so) 28 Have you done...two sums, yet. (only,rather,so) 29 She is poor so she...goes to the party.(rarely,only,ususlly) 30 Ajit...go to Abu because he is rich. (rarely, always, never) 31 Sir, please forgive him because he...makes mistake. (always,never,often) 32 I will not pardon you because there are...reasons to dismis you. (rather,almost,enough) 33 Manubhai is strickly vegetarian so he... takes meat in the meal. (always,so, never) 34...hard works help us to get success. (never,only,just) 35 We should...do exercise for good health.(only,never,always) 36 I study though my father...take me with his office. (sometimes,often,never) 37 We should...disobey the rules of traffice. (never,often,always) 38 He has...money to spent. (only,almost,enough) 39 They are...healthy to work. (almost,rarely,quite) 40 He...sleep in the morning. (rarely,always, almost) 19 Simple Present Tense : ËtŒtu ð o{t ft 1. htus fu n{uþtk Út e r Þtytu ƒ tððt.wœt. I drink milk. / He plays cricket. 2. Ë t ËíÞtu Œþtoððt. WŒt. The earth is round. / Honey is sweet. 3. Here y u there Úte þá Út t WŒT th ðtõþtu{tk ¾hu¾h ð o{t Ë{Þ{tkþwk ÚtR hìtwk Au u ƒ tððt. WŒt. There he goes! / Here comes the bus! 4. ¾tË fhe u txf,{u[ ð uhu{tk Sðk fu tá~þ ðýo fhðt. WŒt. Ganguli now rushes forward to hit the ball. 5. ¼rð»Þ{tk Út the qðoytþturs ½x tytu ƒ tððt. WŒt.We go to Bombay next week./ When does the school reopen? 6. ftur úkút fu {nt wá»ttu t ðtõþtu t yð hýtu xtkfðt. WŒt. Keats says, ' A thing of beauty is joy for ever.' 8. fux tf r Þt Œtu yuðt Au fu su ËtŒt ð o{t ft {tk s ð htþ Au. WŒt. to see, I see an aroplane. fnuðtþ hk w I am seeing an aroplane. fnuðtþ nª. 9. ð o{t ft {tk yâm íð ƒ tððt. To be t Á tu ËtÚtu. WŒt. I am a pupil. / They are teachers. / He is a fat man. 10. ð o{t ft {tk tëu ntuðwk fu {tr fe¼tð ƒ tððt. To have t Á tu ËtÚtu. WŒt. I have a pen. / He has a pencil. ðtõþ h[ t t r Þ{tu : * ºteòu wá»t yufð[ t Y {tk r Þt Œ u Auzu 's' fu 'es' «íþþ t u Au. * r Þt Œ t AuÕ t yûthtu ss,sh,ch,x fu o ntuþ tu r Þt Œ t Auzu es «íþþ t u Au. WŒt. teach-teaches * r Þt Œ tu AuÕ u yûth 'y'ntuþ y u u nu t ÔÞks ntuþ tu 'y' tu' i ' fhe u 'es' t u Au. hk w 'y' nu t Mðh ntuþ 'es' tu t tu Úte. WŒt. play - plays / dry - dries / fly - flies. 3. ºteò wá»t yufð[ rëðtþ t Y tu{tk r Þt Œ wk {q Y ð htþ Au. ðtõþh[ t : f to + r Þt Œ +f{o I / We / You / They eat a mango. // He / She / It eats a mango. * ðtõþ u «túto fu fth ƒ tððw ntuþ íþthu ËntÞfthf r Þt Œ Do y u Does ð htþ Au. ºte. w.yu.ð.{tk Does ð htþ Au. ƒtfe ƒäu Do ytðu Au. * Do / Does ð htþ íþthu r Þt Œ u t u tu 's' fu 'es' «íþþ ef e òþ Au. y u r Þt Œ u t {q Á {tk {qftþ Au. WŒt. I go to school daily. / I do not go to school daily.

9 I want... money to spend. (many,any,some) 24 We... play kabaddi and... hockey. We never play cricket. (sometimes, always,never) 25 There are... students in the library. Many chairs are empty. (some,any,much) 26 Please give me...bananas. (much,many,any) 27 Hari and Hema do not quarrel with... (one another,each other,one and the others) 28 I request that do not talk... but do... (someone,something,much) 29 I don't want...water. (some,many,much) 30 Have you...to do? (something, anything, some) 31 Every body should work... (much,something,many) 32 We like potatoes... (much,more,any) 33 They are taking...in the cart. (anything, something,many) is better than nothing. (anything,many,something) 35 He works...so he is tired. (much,many,nothing) 36...mangoes are ripe. (noone,much,all) 37...cloud has a silver lining. (many,every,much) 38 Ashok and Amit are talking...(one other,each one,both) 39 Please give me...marbles. (many,few,every) 40...the shirts are fine. ( many,both, every) 41There are...trees in our garden. (each,much, lot of) 42 There is not...milk in the bowl. (many,any,much) 43 Nimesh and Niraj...are my friends. (both,each,all) 44...should not drink wine. (all.one,every) 45 There were...peoples in the market. (many,much,all) 46 We should not eat... (many,any,much) 47 My brother want to say...(something,anything,everything) 48 Your father and mother...are old. (all,every,both) 49 I request you to say...about him.(nothing,somthing,all) 50 Rita and Nita helps...(one other,each other,one another) 18 Adverbs of frequency : Ë{ÞËq[f r Þtrðþu»týtu Always : n{uþtk : WŒt. I always drink milk. Sometimes : fux efðth : WŒt. Sometimes I drink juice. Often : ðthkðth : WŒt. I often go to see picture. Never : fœe ý ne, õþthuþ ý rn : WŒt.I never drink wine. Usually : Ët{tLÞhe u : WŒt. I usally eat at eight O'clock. Just : n{ýtk s : WŒt. He has just gone out. Quite : ŒT,Ëk qýo : WŒt. I am quite agree with you. Rarely : ¼tøÞu s,sðõ u s : WŒt. I rarely have seen her. Generally : Ët{tLÞhe u : WŒt. I generally do not go there. Already : qðuo,õþth wþ : WŒt. I have already eaten. Rather : shtf, Úttuzwk : WŒt. He is rather lazy boy. So : yu he u,yux t «{tý{tk : WŒt. Don't speak so loudly. Only : Vf : WŒt. Only one man can go inside. Enough : wh w, Þtoó : WŒt. He has enough money. Almost : ¼, {tuxt¼t u: WŒt. He almost works hard. e[u yt u ¾t e søþt{tk ÞtuøÞ r Þt rðþu»tý {qftu. 1. Hiten is irregular student.he...goes to school late. (always,often,never) 2. Don't punish him.he...remains absent. (often,never,always) 3.You are...absent. Your presence is 100 %. (always,so,never) 4. He... talks about sweet ball because he likes it much. (always,much,sometimes) 5. I...visit the temple as I am...busy.(so,always,sometimes) 6.He...does mistakes,so punish him.(never,sometimes, often) 7. Sir, he speaks lie, I have...given his pen.(never, already,so) drink wine. It is harmful. (Always,Often,Never) 9. Truth... wins. (never,often,always) 10...Wait for a minute. (only,just,enough) 11 He spoke loudly...to be heard. (rarely, enough, rather)

10 45 46 Both : ƒòtu : Ëðo t{ fu rðþu»tý hefu ð htþ Au. WŒt. Both are pupils.(ëðo t{ Y u) Both the pupils are clever. (rðþu»tý Y u) One and the other : yuf y u ƒesw : ƒu ðm w fu ÔÞÂõ ife e yuf ðm w fu ÔÞÂõ yútðt Ë{wn ife e yuf ðm w fu ÔÞÂõ ƒ tððt ð htþ Au. WŒt. I have two cows. One is black and the other is white. *òu ƒnwð[ ntuþ tu others ÚttÞ. WŒt.I have many books. One is small and the others are big. One another : yuf y u ƒesw : y[tu Ë ËkÏÞtðt e ÔÞÂõ ytu yhë hë þwk fhu Au u ƒ tððt ð htþ Au. WŒt.When we entered the bus, we pushed one another. There are 20 boys in the class.they are talking with one another. tuä : ƒòtu{tk hm h e {tr fe e ðm w rð»tu ðt fhðt e ntuþ íþthu 's ð htþ Au. WŒt. Work with one another's co-peration. Ram and Radha both like each other's company. Some and the others : fux wf y u ƒtfe w : fux ef y u ƒtfe e ƒäe ðm w fu ÔÞÂõ ytu ƒ tðu Au. WŒt. There are ten pupils in this class. Some are clever and the others are weak. Each other : yufƒeò u hm h : ƒu ÔÞÂõ ðå[u e s ðt ntuþ íþthu Each other ð htþ Au. WŒt. Ram and Radha are talking each other. Savita and Shyam helps each other. Few : Úttuzwf,fux tf : ËkÏÞt fu súúttu ƒ tðu Au. WŒt. Few pupils passed in the scholarship exam. Many : ½ýkw : ýe þftþ uðt yúto{tk ËkÏÞt ƒ tðu Au. WŒt. Many people believe in ghost. Much : ½ýkw : ýe þftþ uðt ÿôþ t súútt t yúto{tk ð htþ Au. W.Œt. There is much milk in the glass. A lot of, lots of : ½ýkw, w»f : ËkÏÞt fu súúttu ƒ tðu Au. WŒt. There are a lot of stemps in this album. There are lots of flowers in the garden. * A lot of - y{wf (Ët{tLÞhe u ýe þftþ uðtu)r Âù súúttu ƒ tðu Au. * Lots of - ½ýtk (Ët{tLÞhe u ýe þftþ uðt)yúto ƒ tðu Au. ftië{tkúte ÞtuøÞ þçœ ðzu e[u e ¾t e søþt whtu. 1. There are... girls in the library. There isn't... boy. (any,some,much) 2. There are... people in the market. It is a big market. (many,any,much) 3. There isn't... water in the Sabarmati in summer. (some,any,many) 4. Suresh and Ajit help... (each other, one another, both) 5. I want... money. But my father did not give me... money. (any,some,many) 6. There is... water in the Narmada. It is a big river. (many,much,some) 7. In the bus station passengers push.... (each other,one another, one the other) 8. There are...stars in the sky. But we can not see... stars. (all,lot of,lots of) 9. Can... walk on fire? (Anyone,someone,something) 10. Ram and Sita passed their days in the forest with... company. (each other, each other's, one another's) 11 Ketan hasn't... homework today so he is playing with his friends. (some,much,any) 12 Please give me...food.i am...hunrgy.(some,any,much) 13 Don't talk much in the class room with... (each other, one another's, one another) 14 I have...time to play. My exam is over. (much,a lot of, many) 15 Did you ask...to come? (some,anybody, every) 16...has stolen my watch. (none,somebody, some) 17...is new in this circus. (none, nobody,nothing) 18...are my friends in this class. (each,none,all) 19...milk was split. (each,some, many) 20 Don't quarrel with... when you are in the train. (each other, one another, one the other) 21 Do you have... rose? (some,any,many) 22 They have... marbles. (many,much,more)

11 I like singing. I bought a harmonium. (so,but) 9. I like pani-puri. I don't like 'Idli'. (so,but) 10 They are not friends. They are relatives. (and,but) 11 I have to go. You have to go. (either...or,neither...nor) 12 He tried much. He reached the goal. (and,but) 13 He is not a clerk. He is not a peon.(either...or,neither...nor) 14 Vinod in not very clever. He is hard working. (and,but) 15 She is absent. She is ill. (so,and) 16 Purvi is sad. She lost her purse. (because,and) 17 We know. Honesty is the best policy. (and,that) 18 I know the reason. He is absent. (why,where) 19 We stand up. The teacher comes. (when,where) 20 They go to the classes. The bell rings. (after,but) 21 This is a boy. His pen is stolen. (who,whose, whom) 22 The radio says.our cheif minister is seriously ill (and, that) 23 He failed. He worked less. ( so,but) 24 We shall win the match. I hope. (that,and) 25 This is a school. I studies here. (When,where) 26 Respect your father. Respect your mother. (but, and) 27 Are you clever? Are you dull? (but,or) 28 He is healthy. He does not work hard. (and,but) 29 Read your book. Get more marks. (and,or) 30 They walked fast. They reached the station on time. (so,but) 31 My teacher is wise. He is kind also. (and,but) 32 You are clever. You do not make marks. (so,but) 33 I do not know.he will come. (Where,When) 34 This is a boy. He got first prise. (who,whose, whom) 35 You came to my class. You heard our noise. (because,where) 36 I have no pen. I can not write. (so,but) 37 I don't know. Rajeshbhai is your father.(who,whom,which) 38 Do you know? My father is a farmer. (Who,Which,What) 39 Atul is a pupil. I donot know it. (Who,Which,What) 40 Ajay is a good boy. He is lazy. (but, so, because) 17 Indefinite Pronouns : y[tu Ë Ëðo t{tu All : ƒät : WŒt.All pupils are brilliant. Each : Œhuf : ƒu fu uúte ðäw ÔÞÂõ ytu fu ðm wytu{tkúte Œhuf ÔÞÂõ u Awxe Awxe ýe u ðt fhðt{tk ð htþ Au. WŒt.1. Each pupil has a book. * Each Ae one tu «Þtu ÚtÞtu ntuþ tu of r«tuíeþ {qftþ Au. y u ta ƒnwð[ ytðu Au. WŒt. 2.Each one of them wishes to pass. Every : Œhuf : ƒuúte ðäthu ÔÞÂõ ytu fu ðm wytu{tk e Œhuf rðþu ðt fhðt Every ð htþ Au. WŒt. Every brade is tasty. *ÔÞrf t ËkŒ¼o{tk ðt fhðe ntuþ íþthu Every Ae one fu body ð htþ Au. WŒt.1.Every one wishes to be happy. 2. Everybody will go there. *ðm w t ËkŒ¼o{tk ðt fhðe ntuþ íþthu Every Ae thing ð htþ Au. WŒt. Every thing is neat and clean. Some : fux wf : Úttuzwf, ËkÏÞt fu súúttu Œþtoððt ð htþ Au. u {tºt nfth ðtõþ{tk s ð htþ Au. WŒt. Something is better than nothing. There are some girls in my class. *Some ËtÚtu one fu body ÔÞÂõ tu yúto Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. Somebody has stolen my watch. / Someone is there. * Some ËtÚtu thing ðm w tu yúto Ëq[ðu Au.WŒt. Something is here. Any : {u u : fux wf yútðt fturf ðm w fu ÔÞÂõ. Any Ae fturðth ðm w ŒtÚto t ËkŒ¼o{tk thing y u ÔÞrf t ËkŒ¼o{tk one ð htþ Au. WŒt. Is there any milk in the glass? Anything will do. / Anyone will go there. Is there any chair in the office? One : ftur yuf : ftur r Âù ÔÞÂõ {txu n, ý Œhuf ÔÞÂõ {txu ð htþ Au. WŒt. One hardly knows what to do. * One Ae of tu «Þtu ÚtÞtu ntuþ tu ta ƒnwð[ ytðu Au. WŒt. One of them will sing a song. No one : ftur n : u yufð[ {tk s ð htþ Au. u wk xqkfwy None Au. WŒt. 1. None helps her. 2. None is there in the garden. * No ËtÚtu body ÔÞÂõ tu yúto Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. Nobody is there. * No ËtÚtu thing ðm w tu yúto Ëq[ðu Au.WŒt. Nothing is here. *No one fth ðtõþtu{tk s ð htþ Au.

12 He shall be reading. He shall be writing. 8. I do not know. He wants. (who, what, which) Exercise-9 9. This is a place. Gandhiji was born here.(when, why, where) 'Neither...nor' tu W Þtu fhe ðtõþtu òuztu.) 10 Come soon. I call you. (what, where, when) 1. Are you reading or writing? 2 2. Is he in the classroom or in the library? 3. Do you take tea or coffee in the morning? Ëq[ÔÞt «{týu fhtu. 1. He is well learned. He is not proudy. (use Though...yet) 4. Have you interest in game or in study? 2. I do not care. You stay or go. (use Whether) 5. Is the dove in its cage or in a tree? 3. She is ugly. She is stupid. (use not only...but also) 6. We do not like Samosa. We do not like Idli. 4. Kirit did his work. Karim did his work. (use as well as) 7. Nita is not at home. She is not at school. 8. He did not get a bus. He did not get a train. 5. I will come. I will receive your letter. (use as soon as) 6. She does not afraid. She can go anywhere. (use so that) 9. Akar did not play well. Abhijit did not play well you work hard,you will pass. (use if or unless) 10 She does not know Hindi. She does not know Gujarati He will not pay...he is complained. (use if or unless) 9. I waited for my friend...he came. (use till or untill) 'Either...or' fu'neither...nor' tu W Þtu fhe ðtõþtu òuztu. 10 Will you wait...i returned? (use till or untill) 1. I do not like milk or sugar in the coffee. 11 This is the place...he was killed. (use where or that) 2. I shall go to Pune. I shall go to Bombay. 3. Meena will sing. Meeta will sing. 12 I shall come...you remember me. (use where or when) 13 I cannot understand. you are worring. (why ðzu òuztu) 4. He may come here. He may come there. 14 I can't think...i have to do. (use that or what) 5. She does not hear. She does not see. 6. We do not have sketch-pens. We do not have ball-pens. 15 He says, " He does not believe so." (that ðzu òuztu) 16 Kalu is a magician.kalu is a musician.(use not only...but also) 7. Mohan did not go to the garb.magan did not go to the garb. 17 I do not know. He left us. (why ðzu òuztu) 8. We should earn well or starve. 18 Always follow...is the truth. (use that or what) 9. She will not go on foot. She will not go by a taxi. 19 It is 10 o'clock. I go to sleep. (when ðzu òuztu) 10 I do not see picture. I do not see drama. 20 He does not know. He has to go. (where ðzu òuztu) 1 3 ftië{tk yt u t ËkÞtusf tu W Þtu fhe u e[u t ðtõþtu òuztu. ftië{tk yt u t ËkÞtusftu{tkÚte ÞtuøÞ ËkÞtusf ËkŒ fhe ðtõþ òuztu. 1. That is a boy. He is poor. (who, whom, which) 1. Rina is clever. Mina is equally clever. (as well as,so as) 2. That is a boy. I have given my pen. (whose, whom, which) 2. I met a man. He was an engineer. (who,whose, whom) 3. This is a boy. His bicycle is stolen. (who, whom, whose) 3. We planned to go for a walk. It rained. (but,so) 4. I do not know. My brother will come. (what, when, where) 4. Bina helps Mina.Mina helps Bina.(each other, one another) 5. I do not know. My father has gone. (what, when, where) 5. He is crying. He is sick. (because,but) 6. This is a pen. I like it very much. (who, whom, which) 6.I have a fond of reading.i bought many books. (so, as) 7. Say me. You do not want it. (where, what, why) 7. He was not well. He went to the doctor. (so,and)

13 Tejendra is tall... strong. 6. Will you take tea...coffee? 7. Give me a pink...red pen. 8. I love her...she hate me. 9. Give me an old...new shirt. 10 I have a pen...a pencil. 11 Eat an apple. Eat an orange. 12 She is fat. She runs fast. 13 I like it. I do not want to take it. 14 Atul has a shop. Amul has a shop. 15 Are you a peon? Are you a principal? 16The oranges are big. The oranges are fresh. 17 Sanat is in the garden. Anant is in the garden. 18 Has he a pen? Has he a pencil? 19 Read here. Don't read loudly? 20 Are you a pupil? Are you a servent? Exercise-3 ' But ' tu W Þtu fhe u ðtõþ òuztu. 1. He is tall. He is fat. 2. She is short. She is thin. 3. I am tired.you are fresh. 4. Mona is lazy. Her sister is active. 5. Asha is fat. Lata is thin. 6. Mohan is clever. Mohan is lazy. 7. These birds are beautiful. Those birds are ugly. 8.Your house is large. My house is small. 9. The garden is small. The garden is new. 10 My bicycle is old. My scooter is new. 11 It is little. It is valuable. 12. He will come. He will not speak. Exercise- 4 'And' tu W Þtu fhe ðtõþtu òuztu. 1. Ashok is clever. Atul is clever. 2. Mohan is a postman. Magan is a postman. 3. Anil is fat. Anil is short. 4. Tinu is thin. Nima is thin. 5. I have a brother. I have a sister. 6. Beena is sitting in the garden. She is singing songs. 7. Jogi is my neighbour. Monil is my neighbour. 8. I have four pencils. I have two pens. 9. Rajanibhai is working in the office. He listening songs. 10. I have a computer. I have a printer. Exercise-5 'Or' tu W Þtu fhe ðtõþtu òuztu. 1. Is the boy fat? Is the boy thin? 2. Was the cat black? Was the cat white? 3. Is the cat under The cage? Is the cat near the cage? 4. Is Mina singing? Is Mina dancing? 5. Is he a postman? Is he a policeman? 6. Please, give me tea. Please, give me coffee. 7. Take this book. Take that book. 8. Is the car new? Is the car old? 9. Read a newspaper. Read a magazine. 10. Is the laboratory big? Is the laboratory small? Exercise-6 ftië{tk yt u t ËkÞtusftu{tkÚte ÞtuøÞ ËkÞtusf ðzu ðtõþtu òuztu. 1. Bhavani has a sari. Vaisali has a sari. (and,but) 2. Give me a pen. Give me a paper. (but,and) 3. Show me your note-book. Show me your text-book. (but,or) 4. She is typist. I know her. (who,whom) 5. Dayal is fat. He is weak. (and,but) 6. This is a school. I studied here. (when,where) 7. She is weak. She walks fast. (and,but) 8. This is a stranger. I do not know him. (who,whom) 9. Has he a shirt? Has he T-shirt? (but,or) 10 This is a boy. His shirt is torn. (which,whose) Exercise-7 'Either...or' tu W Þtu fhe ðtõþtu òuztu. 1. He will play cricket. He will play football. 2. Give me a pencil. Give me a pen. 3. I will do this work. She will do this work. 4. My father may come today. He may come tomorrow. 5. I will go to A'bad by bus. I will go to A'bad by train. 6. Mona will sing. She will dance. 7. She will go Bombay. She will go Abu. 8. You shall do. you shall die. 9. Please, write this lesson. Please, write that lesson.

14 37 38 tuä : If + not = unless WŒt. Unless you read, you will fail. till : ËwÄe : ƒu ½x t u hm h ftþofthý¼tðúte òuzu Au. WŒt.I waited till the train arrived. ð htþau. WŒt.The baby is crying. I know the reason. I know the reason why the baby is crying. Where : õþtk : MÚt tu r Œuoþ fhe ðtõþtu u òuzu Au. tuä : Till+ not = Until WŒt. I will stay until you return. Who : ftuý,suytu : ÔÞrf t ËkŒ¼o{tk f to rð¼rf Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. This is a temple. I go for darshan. This is the temple where I go for darshan. WŒt. God helps. Those work hard. God helps those who work hard. Whom : ftu u,su u: ÔÞÂõ t ËkŒ¼o{tk f{o rð¼âõ Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. This is a man. I know him. This is the man whom I know. Whose : ftu w,su w : ÔÞrf t ËkŒ¼o{tk ËkƒkÄrð¼Âõ Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. This is a boy. His father is expired. This is the boy whose father is expired. What : þwk : ðm w t ËkŒ¼o{tk ð htþ Au. WŒt. I do not know. This is a matter. I don't know what is the matter. Which : õþtu, õþw,fr : «týe fu ðm w t ËkŒ¼o{tk ð htþ Au. WŒt. Please give me a gift. That is most useful to me. Please give me a gift which is most useful to me. That : fu,su : Noun clause Útt Direct w Indirect fh e ð¾ u Reported Speech w ðtõþ that Úte òuztþ Au. WŒt. Pinakin is sick. I know it. I know that Pinakin is sick. I say to Manu, " Rain fall in moon soon" I tell Manu that rain fall in moonsoon. When : ßÞthu...íÞthu,õÞthu: Ë{Þ tu ËkŒ¼o ƒ tððt ð htþ Au. WŒt. We went to Bombay. We saw a zoo. When we went to Bombay, we saw a zoo. We saw a zoo when we went to Bombay. I do not know. He will come. I donot know when he will come. tuä: When ðtõþ e þy{tk ytðu tu ðå[u yõ rðht{ {qfe ƒesw ðtõþ ¾tÞ Au y u òu When ðtõþ e ðå[u ytðu tu yõ rðht{ {qft w Úte. Why : þt {txu : yuf ðtõþ t y wëkät {tk ƒesw ðtõþ fthý Ëq[ðu íþthu why ¾hu¾h who,whom,which ð uhu «tútof Ëðo t{tu Au A t u ËkÞtusf hefu ý ð htþ Au. ftië{tk yt u t ËkÞtusftu{tkÚte ÞtuøÞ ËkÞtusf ðzu ¾t e søþt qhtu. 1. I like milk...i drink it. (but,and,so) 2. He can walk fast... he is young. (because,so,and) 3. The teacher said, "She can not read... write." (and,but,or) 4. He can walk fast...he can not run fast. (but,because,and) 5....Manu...Kanu is clever. (Either...or, Nither...nor) 6. I like mango only. I like... apple... popiya. (either...or,neither...nor) 7. Life is nothing...a bubble full of trouble. (so,and,but) 8. The man is poor,...he is honest. (so,but,because) 9. The stone hit the pot... split it into two. (and,but,so) 10 Two...two makes four. (and, or,but) 11 I gave him a prize... got first rank. (so,and,because) 12 Do not go... I come? (before,and,but) 13 I do not read... I hope to pass.(though, but, as) 14 He tried to climb...they could not. (and, so,but) 15 I was punished... I was late. (and,but,as) 16 It is raining,... we can not go out. (so,because,or) 17 Wash your hands... you go for a meal. ( before,and,or) 18 Take... a pen... a pencil. (either...or,neither...nor) 19 I spoke to him... he did not reply. (and,but,so) 20 I called him... he did not hear me. (so,and,but) Exercise -2 'And', 'but', 'or' ËkÞtusf tu W Þtu fhe u ¾t e søþt qhtu. 1. Dadu is wise... clever. 2. Uma is thin... strong. 3. Is the cow red... white? 4. Raju...Ramu are pupils.

15 35 36 WŒt. 16 Conjuctions : ËkÞtusftu ËkÞtusf ƒu þçœtu,þçœ Ë{qn fu ðtõþtu u òuzðt {txu ð htþ Au. And : y u : yúto{tk W{uhtu fhu Au. WŒt. Ketan is a clever boy. Mahesh is a clever boy. Mahesh and Ketan are clever boys. yuf ð[ t ƒu ðtõþtu òuztþ íþthu u u y wy ËwÄtht fhðt zu Au. Rita is a tall girl. She is fat. -- Rita is a tall and fat girl. Ram is clever. Manu is clever. -- Ram and Manu are clevers. But : hk w, ý, u{ A t : hm h rðhtuät¼të Œþtoðu Au. WŒt. Raman is old. He is healthy.-- Raman is old but healthy. My pen is new.your pen is old. My pen is new but your pen is old. Or : yútðt : rðfõ tu ¼tð Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. Do you like tea or coffee? Either...or : ƒu {tkúte yuf : yt fu u yuðtu rðfõ Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. He will take a tea. He will take a coffee. He will take either a tea or a coffee. Either Sita or Gita will sing a song. Neither...nor : ƒu {tkúte yuf ý nª : yt ý nª y u u ý nª yu{ fth tu rðfõ Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. I neither eat nor drink at night. We shall not have either tea or coffee. I shall have neither tea nor coffee. So : uúte : nu t ðtõþ t y wëkät u ƒesw ðtõþ rhýt{ Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. He is ill so he will not come. Because : fthý fu : nu t ðtõþ t y wëkät {tk ƒeò ðtõþ{tk fthý Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. I can not walk fast because I am ill. tuä : So y u Because wk MÚtt VhðtÚte ðtõþ h[ t Vhe òþ Au. WŒt. He is dull so he will not pass. He will not pass because he is dull. Since : fthý fu, uúte, : Because e su{ s W Þtu ÚttÞ Au. hk w Since n{uþtk ðtõþ e þyyt {tk ð htþ Au. Since he was late, he missed the bus He missed the bus because he was late He was late so he missed the bus. Since you say so, I must believe it. As : fthý fu : yt ËkÞtusf u ðtõþ e þyyt fu ðå[u ðt he þftþ Au. u ftþofthý¼tð Ëq[ðu Au. WŒt. I shall not walk much as I am tired. Before : nu t : ðtõþ u òuzðt Ë{ÞŒþof hefu ð htþ Au. WŒt. I shall write. You come./ I shall write before you come. After : Ae : Ë{Þ Œþof þçœ hefu ðtõþ u òuzu Au. WŒt. Sing a song. I order you. / Sing a song after I order you. As...As : e su{ : as...as yux u t sux w ftur ÔÞÂõ fu ðm w e Ëh¾t{ýe fhðt {txu as...as y u fthðt[f ðtõþ ntuþ tu so...as ð htþ Au. WŒt.Ganesh is as clever as Geeta./ Geeta is not so clever as Sita. As soon as : whk : yuf r Þt Ae whk ƒes r Þt Út e ntuðt w ƒ tðu Au. WŒt. I took off my coat as soon as I entered my home. As well as : e su{s : ƒu ½x tytu ðå[u Ë{t t ƒ tðu Au. WŒt. Rakesh as well as Mukesh is clever. So that : suúte fhe u : ƒu ½x tytu ðå[u ËkƒkÄ ƒ tðu Au. WŒt. I work hard so that I may not fail. Else, Otherwise : nª tu : yuf ½x t e yëh ƒes ½x t W h z e ntuðt w ƒ tðu Au.WŒt. Walk fast, else you will not overtake him. Walk fast, otherwise you will not overtake him Whether...or : yútðt tu : ƒu ½x t ðå[u tu ðifâõ f ËkƒkÄ ƒ tðu Au.WŒt. I do not care whether he stay or go. Not only...but also : nª... ý : yuf ½x t ËtÚtu ƒes ½x t ËkƒkÄe ntuðt w ƒ tðu Au.WŒt.Not only is he foolish,but also obstinate. Though, Although : òu,fu,yu{ A t : ƒòtu ðtõþtu{tk rð he ¼tð «x ÚttÞ Au.WŒt.I do not wish to go though I go. A book's book,although there is nothing in it. Though...yet : A t... ý : yuf ½x t ËtÚtu ƒes ½x t ËkƒkÄe ntuðt w ƒ tðu Au.WŒt.Though he is suffering much,yet does not cry. If : òu : ƒu ½x t u hm h ftþofthý¼tðúte òuzu Au. WŒt.If you read,you will pass.

16 There is no letter... you. (with, of,for) ÞtuøÞ t{þtu e yðþð {qfe u ¾t e søþt whtu. 35 The train stands... every station. (at, with, for) 1. The boy hid... a tree. (under, behind, on) 36 The monkey is... the mango tree. (in, on, of) 2. That train is... Rajkot. (for, to, at) 37 A dog is runnig... a cat. (before, after, over) 3. There is a bridge... river. (in, over, on) 38 Gandhiji was always ready to fight...truth.(on, with, for) 4. The plane flew... the sea. (above, over, upon) 39 Don't afraid... the monkey. (of, in, on) 5. Please stand... queue. (in, at, by) 40 He rules...a vast empire. (on, over, above) 6. This car is...my father's use. (for, at, by) 41 Let us go... a walk. (for, of, on) 7. Do this work...me? (for, at, by) 42 Darasigh was... the crowd. (in, among, between) 8. Do this work... 6 o clock? (between, before, for) 43 The colour... this pen is black. (at, of, with) 9. Please sit...me. (beside, besides, by) 44 She is looking... her lost ring. (after, at, for) 10 That is the nest... a dove. (for, at, of) 45 I did not see her...days. (since, for, till) 11 The hat is... the head. (above, upon, on) 46 I work...my country. (for, at, to) 12 The stars are... the sky. (on, at, in) 47. The leg... this chair is broken. (on, of, in) 13 Anita is working... Rupa. (by, for, at) 48. The young should look... the old. (for, after, with) 14 My mother is... the kitchen. (in, at, on) 49. I shall take part... foot-ball match. (on, in, of) 15 The chair is...the table. (over, behind, near) 50 The animals... the circus are clever. (of, for, at) 16. He acted according...my instruction. (with, at, to) 51 The dog jumped... the pond to take the ball. (in,into,on) 17 I got a bus... an hour. (at, after, on) 52 Our teacher writes... red ink. (in, with, on) 18 This school is only... girls. (for, from, of) 53 Don't do...your strength? (for, by, beyond) 19 My book is...my hand. It is not... the table.(on,in,upon) 54 All the books are... the cupboard. (in, at, to) 20 The bird is...the tree.it is not...the cage. (on, in, at) 55 He always talks... politeness. (with, at, in) 21 The ceiling fan is... my head. (over, above, on) 56 She is walking... the help of a stick. (with, on, of) 22 He came...home to receive guest. (at, by, for) 57 The pupils of our school are fond... sports. (of, in, with) 23 The shepherd is leading a herd... cows. (for, of, at) 58 He must give... smoking. (away, in, up) 24 That is a photograph... our new house. (of, at, for) 59 The cat is... the cup of milk. (near, with, in) 25 I write...a pen. (by, at, with) 60 Come to school putting... your uniform. (on, up, out) 26 She went...her mother. (by, with, for) 61 I wish...sit beside you. (for,to at) 27 We shall buy two tickets... Mumbai. (of, at, for) 62 We shall walk... the seashore. (along, in, into) 28 Instead...talking,do something. (at, of, with) 63 Do not take my pen... my pocket? (for, from, in) 29 Look... the wild animals. (in, at, on) 30 He cleaned the blackboard... a duster. (with, by, at) 64 Pupils are playing... 2 o'clocks. (since,for, from) 31 He is playing...a hockey stick. (at, with, by) 65 There is a big tree in front...my house. (at,of, in) 32 Gandhinagar is the capital... Gujarat. (of, in, for) 66 Don't come...me because I am going faraway. (at.with,to) 33 We should work...the welfare of our country.(for,with, of) 67 They boys are sitting...the banayan tree. (in,on,under)