Болгарский язык на полпути от залога неактивного к залогу пассивному

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1 University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Arts Arts Research & Publications 2010 Болгарский язык на полпути от залога неактивного к залогу пассивному Младенова, Олга М.; Mladenova, Olga M. Faber Publishing Болгарский язык на полпути от залога неактивного к залогу пассивному. В: П. Асенова, А. Петрова и Ц. Иванова (ред.) Глаголната система на балкнските езици наследство и неология. Велико Търново: Faber, 2010, ISBN , book part Downloaded from PRISM:

2 Tan,.A:Ha U:HBUH - abtop Jack FeuilJet- abtop, 2010 Zlatka Guentcheva - abtop, 20 I 0 ITer. AceHoBa - abtop, 20 I 0 Victor Friedman - abtop, 2010 Thede Kahl- abtop, 20 I 0 Petrea Lindenbauer - abtop. 20 I 0 Michael Metzeltin - abtop, 20 \0 Ingmar SOhnnan - abtop, 20I 0 XpHcTHHa MapKY - abtop, 2010 Anastasiya Petrova - abtop. 20 I 0 I..{eHKa HBaHOBa - abtop. 20 I 0 e> Helmut Schaller- abtop, 2010 Onra MnaneHoBa - abtop, 20 I 0 L{apHHa MJIa,u,eHoBa - as-rop, 2010 YTe J(yKoBa- abtop, 2010 Todor Todorov - abtop Birgit Igla - abtop, 2010 I-h.n:areRcTBo "Cl>a6ep", 2010 ISBN rjiarojihata CIICTEMA HA liajikahckiite E3II:QH HACJIE,l1;CTBO II HEOJIOrIDI THE VERBAL SYSTEM OF THE BALKAN LANGUAGES HERITIGE AND NEOLOGY rjiarojihata CIICTEMA HA IiAJIKAHCKMTE E3IIIJII - HACJIE,LICTBO II HEOJIOrlrn C6op1luI< OOKJIQOU om Me;)ICOyHQPOOHQ Hay'lHQ J(oHtjJepeHljUR (BTY" C8. C6. Kupun u MemoiJuii ", 30.IV-2. V.2009 z.j C60PIIUK OOKJ/aou om MeJICoYllapoOlla liay~lia KOlI(jJepelllfWl (BTY "CB. CB. KUpWl u Memoouu", 30. IV-2. V ) Pe.naKllHOHHa lo.11iei11ji: npofij pfijh IJeTJ1 AceHOS3.aou..a-p AH8CT8CUH flerpob8 POll..a-p.QeHK8 MS8HOB8 OllJopMneHHe CHJIBHJl reopmeb8 Kopml,a MSeJIHH8 HHJ\OJI'leS8 lopmilt 6Qx84/16 ne'lanm KOmi 17 FABER - 8. TopHoBo (062) ;

3 176 He/mIlt Schaller 3. Neue Tendenzen zum Synthetismus und Analytismus im Neubulgarischen, z. B. die Einschrankungen analytischer Verbalformen, mog Iicherweise unter dem Einfluss des Tiirkischen sowie parallele Formen zum Neugriechischen bei der Velwendung analytischer Formen des Imperativs. Die vorangegangenen Uberlegungen beschriinken sich auf einige typologische Gesichtspunkte der historischen Entwicklung des Bulgarischen und seine heutige morpho-syntaktische Struktur. Gerade der noeh ausstehende Vergleieh der Besonderheiten des bulgarischen Verbalsysterns mit den anderen Balkansprachen kgnnte in der Zukunft einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Balkanlinguistik bedeuten. OJIra MJIall.eHOBa (KaJIrapH) EOJIrAPCKlIll: 513bIK HA nojinytli OT 3AJIOrA HEAKTlIBHOrO K 3AJIOry llacclibhomy BULGARIAN ON THE ROAD FROM A NON-ACTIVE TO A PASSIVE GRAMMATICAL VOICE 177 The article shows how speakers of Bulgarian choose whether to express the passive voice by a participial construction or a reflexive verb based on the following criteria: the specificity/ genericity of the real-world event designated by the sentence, the availability of an agency that exerts control over the action and the correlation between the hierarchies of referents, semantic roles and syntactic positions. These same criteria also determine the possibility of passivization and the aiachronic processes which have affected the Bulgarian passive voice over the centuries. Since these processes are shown to have the characteristics of an externally motivated or marked evolution as postulated by H. Andersen, they acquire a greater significance for Balkan linguistics. In conclusion the article proposes a model of the evolution ofthe Bulgarian passive voice. Keywords: rehep~4hoctb, rpammatw..teckar KaTerop~R n~4a, A~aTe3a, ~epap X~R cemaht~4eck~x ponel1, ~epapx~r C~HTaKC~4eCK~X n03111l\ii1i11, KOHTpollll1pyeMoCTb AeI4CTB~R, MapK~poaaHHoCTb, 0AyweaneHHocTb, OHTOnOrll14eCKaR li1epapxii1r, nacc1l18, cne4111$1i14hoctb. I..(enblO 3TOH pa60tbl JlBnJleTClll1HTepnpeTal.\l1J1 MeHJlIOll\eHCJl co Bpe MeHeM l\"ctp"6yl.\""i\byx <popm, BblpruKalOll\l1X CTpa,l\aTenbHhlH 3aJ10r B 60nrapCKOM Jl3b1Ke: B03BpaTHblH rnaron l1 npl1'jacthaj! KOHCTPYKlUlJl. Pa 60Ta COCTOl1T H3 TpeX 'IaCTeH. B nepboh 'IaCTl1 nokll3aho KaK ynotpe6nlllotch.l1.hate3bl arehthbhah Ii 6e3areHTHBHruI nacchbhrui no cpabhehhio C l\l1ate3aml1 l\ekay3atl1bhoh l1 pe<jmekel1bho-kay3atl1bhoh B HOB060nrap CK"" TeKcTax XVII B. l1 BCOBpeMeHHoM 60nrapCKOM J1JITeparypHoM 113hl Ke. YCTaHaBnHBaeTCll, 'ITO KaK 60nee lllhpokoe np"cytctb"e np"'1acthblx nacchbob B,lJ,peBHe6oJIrapCKOM nepho,lj,e no cpabhehhio C HOBo6onrapc KHM, TaK H C)')KeHHe nphmehehhjl B03BpaTHbIX nacchbob B Te4eHHe HO

4 178 OJIZQ MJwoefloeQ EOJIzapCKui; fl3blk Ha noj/l1ymu om 3{1}{()Za JleGKnllI6H020 K 3(11/02)1 nc1cc1i6l1ahy 179 Bo6oJlrapcKoro nephoj\a MOlKHO YBR3aTb C KpHTepHeM Cnel(H<pH'IHOCTH/ rehepl1'lhoctli chrya,-\hl1, BblpalKeHHOH npe):ljlolkehhem. BTOpaH '1aCTb pa60thi BBO)l.HT rroh~the KOHTpollHpyeMocTH p;ehctbidi. BblSlCHSleTCH, 'ITO naccl1bh3al(hh npe,llhkatob Cne,-\l1<\JH'leCI>oro HeKOHTpOJlHpyeMoro J\eHCTBHH B l(ejjom 3aTjJYJ\HeHa. B TpeTbeH 'lacth aprymehtl1pyetch 3Ha'leHl1e KOpeJlJlH'-\l1H HepapXl1H TjJex YPOBHeH (pe<\jepehtob, CeMaHTl1 LJeCKHX pojiei1 Ii CMHTaKCW1.feCKHX n03hi.j.hh) KaK AJ1JI nacchbh3alj,hh, TaK l1 J\JlJ! BbJ60pa MelK,lly B03BpaTHOH H nph'lacthoh q,opmamh nacchba H YTBeplKJlaeTCH, 'ITO J\HHaMl1Ka B3al1MOOTHOIlleHl1H MelKJlY B03BpaTHbJM nacchbom Ii nph'-lacthbim rracchbom BbI.SlBJI.SIeT 3aKOHOMepHOCTH T. Ha3. MapKHpOBaHHOH HHHOBal(Hl1, B03HHKaJOmeH B YCJlOBl1HX H3bJKOBOro KOH TaKTa, B COOTBeTCTBHH C TeOpHefi, Bbl))'BHHyrOH X. AH,u:epCeHOM. B KOHlIe pa60tbj npe):ljlaraetch MOJ\eJlb 3BOmOl(HH CTpaJlaTeJlbHOrO 3aJJora B 60JIrapCKOM 513bIKe. I. B03BpaTllblH nacchb H npu.acthhih nacchb (XVII-XXI BH.) :Sollee LJeM nojibeka Ha3a,u, JI. AH.upeHLJHH, paccmal'phbaji 3aJIOro BYJO chctemy 60JlrapcKoro JI3bJKa, OTMeTHJl, 'ITO ecjlh B03BpaTHaJI <\JopMa KaKorO-TO rnarojia MQ)KeT HMeTh B p;ahhom KOHTeKCTe KpoMe nacchbhoro eme H co6ctbehho-bo3bpathoe 3Ha'leHHe, TO ):IJlH TOro, '1T06bJ m6elkatb )l,bycmbicjlehhocth, CJJe.nyeT HCnOJIb30BaTb nph4actho-ctpa,n.atellhh)'jo q,opmy ):IJlJI BbJpalKeHl1JI nacchbhoro 3Ha'leHl1H (AHJ\peH'll1H 1956: 120)..L\1IJI l1jljljoctjjal(hh 3TOro nojlolkehl1h OH nphboj\ht npe):ljlolkehhji noj\ HOMepoM (1). (1) a. MacaTa 6bp30 ce 3ao6uKOJlU OT rocti1te. 6.,[(oMaKHH'bT ce 3ao6uKollU OT roctjoite. B.,[(oMaKI1H'bT 6e (6uoe/ 3006uKollell OT roctjoite. ITpHMeHJ!~ TjJexypOBHeBYJO MOJ\eJlb 3aJJora 3MMbJ fehjoillehe (Geniusiene 1987), propa60tahhyio B PycJle TeopHH 3aJJora ITeTep6ypr (2) a. TIaccHBI-Ia.H )1,11a're3a 6 PeqmeKcHBHa51 AI1aTe3a YqaCTHHKH 0603HaI.J:aeMOH JIHUO' JhuJ.o 2 npeal1katom cht)'auhh CeMaHTWIeC KIfe aktahtbi pa60t A. A. XOJloJ\oBH'la H H. A. MeJlb'IYKa (XOJlOJ\OBl1'l 1974), J\Ba ajjb CHHTaKCI1l.JeC KHe aktahtbl 06beKT TIo.lUle)Kamee AreHc ():(ejltejlb) AreHTHSHOe,UOflOJIHeHl1e JIHUO' 06beKT/ AreHc TIoAJIe)Kamee nlu.i,0 2 Cpel\cTBo KocBeHHoe,UononHeHHe,[(Be npoh3bo,llhbje J\HaTe3bJ l1cxo,llhoro,llbyxmecthoro npej\hkata 30 06W(OJIR npe,11ctabjlehbj no,11 HOMepaMH (2a) - nacchbhaji - H (26) - peq, JleKCl1BHaJI. TepMHH 'J\HaTe3a' HCnOJlb3yeTcJI J\JlJ[ 0603HaQeHHH Ka)KJlOrO onpej\ejlehhoro COOTHOIlleHHJI Me"'llYTpeMJI ypobhjimh: peq,epehthj, l1x CeMaHTl1'leCKHe POJlH H 'HMeHHbJe 'ljlehbj npe):ljlolkehl1h, 3anOJlHJlJOmHe BaJJeHTHOCTH J\aHHoH npej\i1kathoh CJlOBOqlOpMbJ. OJ\HaKO, nohck B HHTepHeTe noj\tbep,llhjl, 'ITO B Tex cjly"a~x, KOr,lla BTOPOH Jll1'lHbJH pe<\jepeht BhlflOJlHHeT cemahth'iecryid pojlb cpej\ctba, a He J\eJlTeJJJI, ynotpe6jlhetcji npe):ljlor C: 3ao6uKOJ/f/.M ce c KpOCU6U MOMU ~emo, C lfope060plfu, C lekoobp"u Xopo, C npujlmellu U POOIIUIIU H T.J\2 HHblMH CJlOBaMI1, XOTJI npejl]]o>kehhe (16) J\eHcTBHTeJlbHO HenpHeMJle MO, B 3TOM BpJlJ\ Jll1 nobhhha ero notehi..\hajjbhaji,llbycmbjcjlehhocth. CJleJ\yeT l1ckatb J\pyroe 06b~CHeHHe.,[(l1arpaMMa,llHaTe3bJ npe):ljlolkehl1h (la), nphemjlemoctb KOTOPOro JI. AH,llpeHQHHbJM He 06Cy)KJlaeTCJI, HO KaK 6YJ\TO C'll1TaeTCJI 6eccnop HOH, npej\ctabjleha noj\ HOMepOM (3). (3) ITaCCl1BHaJI J\l1aTe3a C Heo,llyIlleBJleHHbIM OfueKTOM,lleHCTBl1H HeOJ\YllleBJIeHHhJH npej\met 06beKT TIo,UJIe)Kamee JIHl(O AreHC (}:\ehtejlb) AreHTHBHoe,UonOJIHeHHe CKOH THnOJlOrH'leCKOH IllKOJlbJ, 6epymeH CBoe Ha'laJJO OT nl10hepckhx TepHaTHBHbJX '1TeHH~ npe):ljlolkehhh (16) MOlKHO npej\ctabhtb TaK. 106 :nom YCTapeBwei1 opme em. EapaKOBa 1980; 145; MacnoB 1981; TpYAHO COmaCHTE>CH Cn. EapaKoBofl, nomep)f{hbatow,ei1 MHeHHe, BbICKa3aH Hoe pahee EneHoii leopn-lebom, lito npe.nnor C B TaKHX npe)l)10)f{ehhrx BBO.l{HT areh THBHOe.uononHeHHe T04HO TaR )Ke, KaK )TO genaet H npe)l)10r om. Eonee TOro, OHa pacnpoctpah"et 3ry <jjyhkuhio 11 H. npe)ijioi'h 6 Ii cpel! (1980: ).

5 MJlOoeJfoeU 1 b'o.!12apci(uii }flb/i( }{(l Jla.'II1)'IJ1U um icij1u2q lieokii/u(;//ozo K 3WJO,"?Y naccli61/uliy J 81 B 60nrapCKOH JHlHfBHCTHLI0CKOH JUnepaType (8 QTJIHLfHe, I-ranpH Mep, OT rpe'leckoh) nphh~to C'IHTaTb, 'ITO Y nph'iacthoro H B03BpaTHoro nacchbob ectb CBOH, He3aBHCHMble npyr OT npyra, napannenbhble napa ):IHrMbl. TIpH 3TOM <jlopmbi nph'iacthoro nacchba xapakteph3yjotcji TeMnOpaJIbHOH MHoro3Ha'iHOCThJO, a cpopmbi B03BPaTHOro nacchba -TeMno P8JIhHO 0):lH03Ha'lHhI (napakoba 1978). Ha61IJO):laJOTCJI CTaTHCTH'IeCKHe 3aKoHoMepHocTH, YKa3hIBaJOI.I.\He Ha npe):lno'ithtelibhyjo COOTHOCH MOCTh O):lHOH HlIH ):lpyroh H3 CPOpM C KaKHMH-TO Onpe):lelIeHHhIMH Bpe MeHaMH HlIH BH):IOM marolia. TaK, HanpHMep, B HaCTOJlI.l.\eM BpeMeHH H B HMnepcpeKTe nph'iacthomy nacchby npe):lno'lhtajot B03BpaTHbIH nacchb, QlOPMbI B03BpaTHoro nacchba TaKHX BpeMeH KaK rrep<pekt, IIJUOCKBaMnep<jleKT H 6Y):IYI.I.\ee npe):lbaphtelibhoe (futurum exactum) npakth'iec KI1 He BCT}JeqaIOTCR, a orpomhoe 60JIbllIHHCTBO npwmctho-rracchbhbix CPOPM - COBepUleHHoro BH):Ia. tlpyrhmh B8)J(HbIMH <jlaktopamh, onpe):le JUIIOllJ,HMH Bbl60p Me)l(,ll:Y B03BpaTHbIM If rrpht.iacthbim nacchbom, C'lIHTa IOTC~ rpammath'ieckaji KaTeropHJI lihua H onrt03huhji no 0J:\YUleBJIeHHOC TH (AH):IpeH'IHH 1956; TIeH'IeB 1972; POlKHOBCKaJI 1976; napakoba 1980; MaclIoB 1981; HBaHoBa 1983). B03BpaTHhIH nacchb xapakteph3yetc~ noil'lepkhytqh npoueccyajibhoctbjo, TOr):la KaK nph'iacthbih nacchb co XpaHHeT Ii YHaCJle.n.oBaHHYIO OT npw-jactidi, rrpll rromoll1;h KOToporo OH 06pa30BaH, cnoc06hoctb BhlP8)J(aTh COCTOJlHHe (EapaKoBa 1980: 139, ). CTpa):laTelIbHblH 3alIor HMeeTC~, B OCHOBHOM, Y nepexo):lhbix maroliob, HO 6e31IH'IHble nacchbbi 060HX THnOB MOryr 06pa30BhIBaTbc~ H OT HeKoTopbIX HenepeXO):lHblX maroliob, O):lHOMeCTHhIX npe):lhkatob, cp. Hanp., OmmyK lie ce MUlIaea. flo mpeeama e xooello (HBaHoBa 1983: ). tl8jihhehulee H3nO)l(eHHe OrpaHH'IeHO ):lbyxmecthbimh npe):lh KaTaMH THna 3ao6uKOJlJl. Te )I(e cpopmbl CTp3):laTenbHoro 3aJIOra (B03BpaTHbIH H nph'iact HblH nacchb) 3aCBH):leTenbCTBOBaHbI H B KJIaCCH'IeCKHX TeKCTax IIpeB He6onrapcKoro nepho,ll,a, r.ue B nph4acthom flacchbe HHOf)J,a MmKeT 6bITb npe):lctabjieho CTp3l\aTenbHoe npli'lactlle HaCTO~I.I.\ero BpeMeHH, KOTopoe 6blJIO n03)1(e YTpa'ieHO (MHp'leB 1972: 91). B pykonhcjix TIpe CJ1aBCKOH lllkojlbi npw-iacthbih flaccmb KMPHJlJ10-Mecpo)J.MeBcKHX TeKeTOB CHCTeMaTH'IeCKH 3aMeH~lIC~ Ha B03BpaTHblH nacciib, 'ITO npohcxo):lhj10 no MHeHHJO Me):lHeBHCTOB no):l BlIH~HHeM rpe'leckhx OPHrIIHaJIOB (AneK- ceeb 1988: 134).3 no Ha6J1IO)l,eHH5IM MaprynHcca, B03BpaTHblH [IaCCMB B COBpeMeHHbIX CnaB.SlHCKHX.Sl3blKaX nphmewletc.sl MeHee llihpoko, liem OH nphmeh~licji B ):lpebhehulhx TeKCTax (Margulies 1924: 186). OTMe'laeTC~, 'ITO II Y nhcateneh XIX B. B03BpaTHbIH nacciib BCTpe'laeTC~ 'lai.l.\e, 'IeM Tenepb (HBaHoBa 1983: 248). TIo no):lc'ietam TI. napakoboh (1980: 140) HBaH Ba30B ( ) ynotpe61i~et B03BpaTHhIH nacchb B ):IBa pa3a '1aI.l.\e, '1eM nph'iacthbih, TOr):la KaK Y TIaBJIa Be)I(HHOBa ( ) H EoroMIIlIa PaHHoBa ( ) npe061i3):lajot nph'iacthbie nacciibh!. C'IHTaeTC~, 'ITO B03BpaTHbIH nacchb HaxO):lHTC~ B KOHKypeHUHH C nph 'IaCTHhIM nacchbom B 6Y):lyI.l.\eM BpeMeHH, B 6YJ:\YI.I.\eM BpeMeHH B npo IlIe):lIlIeM (futurum praeteriti), B aophcte, B HMnep<jleKTe II B HecaMocTO.SlTenbHOM HaCTOHIl.l.eM spemehh, Tor)J,a KaK Ha6monaeMoe BblTeCHeHHe B03spaTHoro nacchba nph4acthbim nacchbom orpahh4eho aophctom (EapaKoBa 1980: 197). TIpH 3TOM, ):\J1~ HlIlIJOcTpaUHH npe)khero, 60nee IlIHPOKOro, ynotpe6nehhji B03BpaTHblx nacchbob UIITHPYJOTCJI nphmepbi THna (la), ):IHaTe3a KOTOPblX npe):lctabneha no):l HOMepoM (3). TaKHe)l(e nphmepbi npiibomtcji 3):leCb no):l HOMepaMH (4) H (5):. (4) CKOPO Te XBaHaXa):la ):loxo)l():\at no e):lhh, no ):IBaMa H ):\J1brHeCTaTa Maca HaCpe):l Kpb'lMaTa ce 3ao6uKORU OT 113ma):lHelIH xopa, KOHTO C lib)l(huh B pbuete HeTbpnenHBo '1aKaxa ):la 11M HanblIHH CTpaH ):l)l(ata 6nJO):laTa. (HBaHoBa 1983: HBaH Ba30B) (5) Tpane3aTa ce eou211a H Ka<jleTO ce nooaoe OT e):lho BHCOKO, PY MeHO, l.jephooko MOMHl.Je, o6ne4eho B 4epHo, KOefO He 06bpHa HII'IHe BHHMaHHe. (HBaHoBa 1983: HBaH Ba30B) noliee TOro, B pahhhx HOB0601IrapcKHx TeKCTax XVII H XVIII BB., TaK Ha3blBaeMbiX namackhhax, TO)J{e nphcytctbyiot II B03BpaTHbIH, H nph.1.jacthbih nacchb, HO B03spaTHbIH naccllb ynotpe6mletc.h IIIHpe, qem 3TO nphh~to B cobpemehhom 601IrapcKoM 1IIITeparypHoM JI3b1Ke. TIpH Mepos, He no,[{jie)j{aillhx MbTepHaTllBHbIM 4TeHH.RM, OARaKO, He 04eHb MHOro. TIpHBeJ:\Y TpH C 3KcnlIHUHTHhlM arehthbhhlm 1I0nOlIHeHHeM: 3 X04Y no6naro)l.apwcb A.A. TII1'-IXa,ll,3e, 06paTHBWYfO Moe BHHMaHHe Ha 3TOT I1naCT HaYlIHOH JIHTeparypbl

6 182 Ew/zapcJari; }13blJ( fig f1w/j1ymu om 3WIOZO lieal{lil11gjlo?o /<." 3(ljf()'?)1 naccliglfoliy 183 (6) EAEKOH u;ap'b C'bC'b TOAKOsH BOHCKa HaAB]1 ca OT APyrl1rO u;apn.. AETO HMaIIIE rro-maa'ko CHAa (MHJHlTH'I 1923: 77) (7) H BA{aro}c{Ao}BH CElJ,aph W Hlero OJ:eMHHa 1971: 158) (8) H Kp{b}CTH cetora~h r8aa WEB'cEBla apxierr[hlck[olrra PHM'CKarO (,ll;emhha 1971: 67),ll;HarpaMMa nacchbhoh IlHaTe3LI 3THX Tpex npe)ljjo)((ehhh 6blJla nok33aha Bhlwe noll HOMepOM (2a). B llamackhhax ectb H 6eccnopHhie nphmephi B03BpaTHoro nacchba, B KOTOPbIX arehthbhoe 1l0nOJlHeHHe onyll.i,eho, HanpHMep, KOllKO ce B mbmliuzfg 3ameopuxa B npe,lvio)l(ehhh noll HOMepOM (9). (9) H KOA'IJ,'hIHa v A[ OBtlIJ,H ~ac'hrpomarlitxa W BE~8MHO B'hIHO, rrihctbo. H KOA'KO CE B'h ThMHHIJ,8 ;;atbophxa paah BE~aKoHHa pabota VTO CE VHHH Ha nyahctbo (,ll;emhha 1971: 138),[\HarpaMMa nacchbhoh IlHaTe3hI npeajio>!<ehi1>i (9) npellctabjleha noll HOMepOM (10). AreHTHBHoe 1l0nOJlHeHHe CTOHT B ck06kax, notomy 'ITO ero MO)((HO 6h!JlO 6b! 1l06aBHTh - n03hi1hh )ljjr Hero B npe)ljjo)((ehhh COXpaHReTCR. fehlowehe H33blBaeT nacchb TaKoro polla KaK B nphmepax (6)-(8) arehthbhb!m, '1T06bl OTJlH'IHTb ero OT 6e3areHTHBHoro, nph KO TOPOM BblpR)((eHHe llertejlh B nphhi1hne HeB03MO)!(HO (Geniusiene 1987: 266). (10) IIaccHBHaR IlHaTe3a JII1u,OI nhu0 2 Ofu,eKT nolvielkali1ee AreHC (AreHTHBHOe 1\0nOJlHeHHe) B COOTBeTCTBHe C HopMaMH cobpemehhoro JlHTeparypHoro R3blKa CJlellOBaJIO 6bl CK33aTb Ifapflm 6ezue HaoBum (HIm n06eoeh) om OPY2 Ifap (6), Ilapflm 6ezue 6na20CJlO6eH am lie20 (7), 6ezue Kpbcmell om Eece6uu (8) H KonKO xopa 6flXa 3am6opeHU 6 mbmlwlfa (9). qepellobahhe B03BpaT HblX H nph'iacthblx nacchbob Ha6J1lOllaeTCR H MelKil)' p33hbimh CnHCKR MH HJlH p33hbimh nepebollamh OIlHOro H TOro )I(e TeKCTa, KRI(, HanpHMep, B nphmepax (1Ia) H (116): (11) a. a TOll IIOHCKa Aa pasymlm, H TYTaKCH CTaHa rrpectynhhk' H HC'bJr'AH ca 1I2; pail (MHJleTHq 1923: 77) 6. atoilce HaEMallIEAapa~8MtE: Hl~aTOBaKaTorrptCT'hrrHHKb B[ol)Kiil H;;n'bAEHbB'bJOOT pail (HBaHoBa 1967: 203) IlpH )KenaHHH MQ)I{HO TalOKe Boo6me H36erH)'Tb ctpa,n,atejibhbih 3aJIOr. HMeHHo TaROH noilxoil K rrpeiljio)((ehhio, npellctabjiehhomy no CBHWTOBCI(OMY liamackhhy B nphmepe (6), 6blJl Bbl6paH B THxoHpaBoBc KOM BapHaHTe CJlOBa Ha PO)((lleCTBO XPHCTOBO, CM. (12): (12) Kora VJOE HtKOli 'IA[oBtlKb ~a HtKoro CliA'Haro u;apa AETO HMa cha'ha BOHCl(a H H8BHA 'M8 E AP8r'hIH IJ,apb rromaa'kb AETO lima rro MaA'KO BoilcKa (,ll;emhha 1971: 258) fpauh: areuthbhah H 6e3areuTHBIIaH liacchbuble IIHaTe3b1 fpammath'lhoctb arehthbhoro H 6e3areHTHBHoro B03BpaTHblx nac CHBOB ou,ehhbaerc.h COBpeMeHHbIMH HOCHTeJUlMH 60JlrapcKOro R3blKa no P33HOMY CpaJlHHTe, HanpHMep, npe)ljjo)((ehhh noli HOMepaMIl (13) H (14). (13) a. H JIOrpEBE CE H CAt,~E B'h aab (,ll;emhha 1971: 118) 6. AaAH rroaobae Aa CE JIOrpEBETtAoTO Ha Tb~H rrp[elrroaob HHIJ,b (,ll;emhha 1971: 199) (14) a. 8 OOHb~H HOlJlb AETO IpilllJE x[phctolc Aa CE JIPllMAE 8~E XAtBb H PEVE Ha arr[olc[tolaete (,ll;emhha 1971: 186) 6. li VIOX raac VE Ka)KE. Aa CE JIPllA8AETa~li A[ylllIa B'h p'u;t rap'tapobh cbljlom8 aa8 HEC'hITOM8 (,[\emhha 1971: 253) Hx IlHaTe3bl cootbetctby'ot aharpammam (15a) H (156). AreHTIlB HM IIHaTe3a, rrpeactabjlehhar B (13a) H (14a) HenpHeMJIeMa)lJJR HOCH TeJl.H cobpemehhoro JlHTeparypHoro R3blKa, a 6e3areHTHBHaH nacchbh351 IlHaTe3a B (136) H (146) BCTpeqaeTCR B COBpeMeHHblX TeKCTax Tal( )((e \.facto, KaK H B.n;aMacKHHax. 4 4 Y PmKHOBCKOH ectb 60nbwaJI Bbl60pKa nphmepob H3 XY.llOiKeCTBeHHoH m:iteparyphi Ii ny6nhl.j;hcthki1, co.llep>kallj,hx 6c3areHTHBHbIe B03BparHbie nacchbbl C o.nylllebnehhblmh H Heo.n.yweBncHHblMH no)lj1e>kail.{mmh (PmKHoBcKas! 1976: ).

7 184 OJl?Q i'v/jlooclfoaa EOJ/2apCKuii Jl3hlK Jla noflnymu om 3(l!f02a HeaKmU6H020 K 3anozy naccugllahy 185 (15) a AreHTHBHIUl nacchbha51,uhate3a JIHUO! JhllJ.o 2 OmeKT AreHc (AreHTHBHoe [lo)'lnelkaii\ee.llonojihehhe) 6. Ee3areHTHBHa5I nacchbhaji.l~hate3a nhi.(oi JIHU0 2 06beKT AreHc [lo)l,jlelkaii\ee 0 B03BpaTHbIH nacellb B TaKOM 6e3areHTHBHOM rehephljeckom npejl.~ no)f(ehhh KaK (18a) MO)f{HO ynotpe6hth H B COBpeMeHHOM ~3hIKe (liapa KOBa 1980: 148, 153) - cp. nphmepbi (19)-{20), - HO nph'iacthbih nacchb tlenaet TaKoe npei\.iio)f{ehhe rpammath'ieckh HenpaBHnbHhIM. B TO )f{e BpeM5I, 3a MO,D,3JJbHbIM fnaronom MO)KeT Cne,ll,OBaTb nph"jacthbih nacclls, KaK noka3aho B (19B) H (20B). KaK YKa3bIBaeTCH B nhhrbhcthqeckoh nhteparype, nph 6e3areH TMBHOH nacchbhoh tlhate3e npetlhkatom 0603Ha'laeTC~ HeCneL\H<jmyeCKfUI CI11)'alJ,H5I, KOTOPaSI npe)j.oojiaraet HeCneQI1<pHl.feCKHH.l1.eJlTenb (Kaufmann 2004: 172)5 B TO )f(e Bpe~ arehthbhm nacchbhah tlhate3a MO)J(eT pa60tatb B AByX pe)l{hmax: cnel(hcjlwfhocth 11 HecrreUIHpHt.IHOC TH. KaK noka3blbajot pe)lkhe nphmepbl THna (16) H (17), HeCneL\Hq,HqeC Kl1e chryalj,wh MOryr BbIpIDKaThcR B.n.aMacKHHax 060HMH BHJJ.aMH nacell Ba, HO B03p3)KeHHH y HocHTeneH cobpemehhoro nhteparyphoro H3hlKa TaKl1e nphmephi He Bb13bIBaIOT. (16) If JlA[arO]CAOBlfIIIE 10, ITaKb nocat.aho B[AarO]CAOBEHIE AETO HE MO)KE HM & Koro AU CE pa-?baah(,l(emhha 1971: 153) (17) Ii Koro BA[aro]c[Ao]Bt.IIIE, B'bIBaIIIE BA[aro]c[Ao]BEHb. M Koro B'hI npokaeab B'bIB8IIIE IIPOKAETb (,L(eMHHa 1971: 121) OtlHaKO, KaTeropl1JI CneI.\Hq,HqHOCTH HetlOCTaTO'IHa i\.iiji nojihoro 06McHeHHH )lhctph6yi.\hh )lbyx BH)lOB nacchba B 60JIrapCKOM JI3h1Ke. MaprynHec ynomhhaet BapHal.\H1O MeJKtIY )lbymji tlpebhe60nrapckhmh nepebo)lamh ebahrenhckoro TeKCTa MapK 12: 23 (Margulies 1924: 13), KOTophle JI nphbojky no)l HOMepoM (18): (18) a. 0'1"1>. 'PO,!,'h1 "0,!,p'kRo ~H'"'I"I>. c.o. (CasBMHa KHHra XI B., 19,39) (19) 6.0T'h nm,!,' "0,!,9'kRo no~"."o ""'AlT'h (MapHHHcKoe '1eTBepOeBaHrenHe XI B., 40, 10) 5 HHTepeCHbie CBOHCTBa HecneUlHtm.qeCKHX nacchbob B pa3hbix H3bIKax HC CJleAOBaJ1HCb C Pa3JlHl.fHblX TeOpeTHlleCKHX n03huhh H.npyrHMH Yl-leHbIMH, cp., Hanp"Mep, Chierchia 1995; Koenig 1999: DpHMeHHTeJlhHO K 6011rapCKOM)' fl:3hik)', HecneuwlmqecKHH H rehephl-ieckhh nacchb paccmatphbalotc5i n. EapaKoBoH DOA HMeHeM nomeh1luanbffg-mooanbhblu naccu6 (1980: 151, , ). (19) a.,l(bpboto ce n03i1qeq no rrno)la CH. 6.,L(bPBOTO e n0311amo /U4e 6"oe n03l1amo no nno)la CH. B.,L('hPBOTO MOJICe oa 6"oe n0311amo no rrno)la CH. (20) a. lj:ep ronorah He ce zy6u. 6. *lj:ep ronorah He e zy6ell. B. lj:ep ronorah l/e MOJICe oa 6"oe 3Qzy6ell. TOT q,akt, 'ITO napamctphi ynotpe6neh~ nacchea 3aBHcnT OT cne I.\I1q,H'IHOCTH/reHepH'IHOCTH chryal.\hh, 0603Ha'leHHOH npe)lhkatom, TOf,ll,a KaK fnaronbhblh SHA H rnaronbhoe BpeM5I COOTHOCflTCfl C onn0311 I.\I1lIMH CneI.\Hq,H'IHOCTH H rehephqhocrn (30nOTOBa, OHHneHKO H CI1)lOpOBa 1998: 29-35, ; Mladenova 2007: 56-59), n03bonliet paccmatphsatb B HOBOM CBeTe YCTaHOBneHHble pahee 3aBHCHMOCTH Me)K,[l)' q,opmamh nacchba H BH)lO-BpeMeHHOH CHCTeMOH marojia. [eheph'iec KHe CHryaI.\HH, B KOTOPhIX npe)lctabnehbi'reheph'ieckhe )leckphnl.\j.m, 0603Ha'laIOTCJI HaCTOJIII.\HM BpeMeHeM. [nafonbl HeCOBepIlleHHoro BH)la, 0603HaLfalOllI,He nphbbilfhble, nobtopjljolli,hec5i AeHCTBHfl, CHCTeMaTHLfec KH CO'leTaIOTC~ C HeCneI.\Hq,HqeCKHMH )leckphni.\hjimh, a maronhl COBep IlleHHoro Bl1)la B CO'leTaHHH co CneI.\Hq,H'IeCKHMH peq,epehtamh 0603HaqaIOT CneI.\Hq,H'IeCKHe CHryaI.\HH. IiTaK, cne.uyet nphhth K BhIBO)lY, 'ITO B XI B. nph'iacthhih nacchb Mor ynotpe6nlitbcji limpe, qem B HOB060JIrapCKHX tlamackhhax XVII B., B KOTOPhlX TaKHe nphmephl MHe He nonmmhcb, I1JIH B COBpeMeHHOM 60nrapCKOM JIHTeparypHoM J13bIKe. B XI B. nph'iacthhih H B03BPaTHhlH nacchbhl CO'leTMHCh He TOnbKO CO CneL\Hq,HqeCKHMH H c06ctbehho He CneI.\Hq,l1'IeCKHMH, HO H C reheph'ieckhmh peq,epehtamh. B KaKOM-TO nepho)le, npe)lillectby1oii.\em XVII B., CO'leTaeMOCTh nph'iacthoro nacchba CY3HnaCb. 3aMCHY nph'iacthoro nacchba Ha B03BpaTHhlH nacchb B namjit HHlffiX fipecnabckoh WKOJIhl Henh3.sI CLfHTaTb l.j:hcto KHM)KHhIM 51BJIeHHeM,

8 186 OJfZa J\1J/Q()eIl06{l E0f12apCKLIlI Jl3biK I/G nojmymu om 3CUl02G liegkmuwiozo g 3WiOZY naccilglfa.hy 187 B03HHKlllHM non BJIH5IHWCM rpeljcckhx ophnlh~ob, notomy LITO echh 6b[ 3TO 6bInO TaK, TO TPY,1\HO nohlltb KaK H no'iemy ynotpe6jlehhe nph'iact Horo nacchba CY3HnOCh B 60nrapCKOM.H3hIKe. OrHOCHTCJIbHO napametpa reheph'ihocth BHYTpH 60Jlee nmpokoll Hecnel.\H!pH'IecKoll KaTeropHH, nphl.jacthbih nacchb CTan K XVII B. MapKHpOBaHHbIM 1.fJleHOM ann03h I1HH no cpabhehhio C B03BpaTHblM nacchbom. IIocJle XVII B. H3MeHeHH ~M no,1\bepfhyjlacb JlHlllb arehthbhall nacchbhm,1\hate3a, KOTopa~ 6bIna (a) BblpIDKeHa B03BpaTHblM nacchbom H (6) npe,1\hkat KOTOpoll 0603Ha'laJJ cnel1h!lm'leckyio CHryaI1HIO. Ta6JlHl1a no,1\ HOMepOM (21) \aeT 3TH Ha6Jl1o,1\eHHll HM 3BOJllOl1Hell BO BpeMeHH B3aHMOCB~3H MelK,llY q,opma MH nacchba H Onn03HI1HH reheph'ihocth H CneI.\HQ>H'IHOCTH. (21) <popma nacchba B reheph'ieckhx, HeCneI1HQ>H'IeCKHX H CneI1HQ>H'IeCKHX KOHTeKCTax reheph4eckhh KOHTeKCT HeCrrCU;Jf<flu4ecKHH KOHTeKCT HereHepH4ecKHH KOHTeKCT Cnel1l1<pI1'1ecKHll KOHTCKCT XI B. B03BpaTHbIH B03spaTHbiM nacchb 6 B03BpaTHhlH rracchs 8 XVII B. XX-XXIBB. nacci1b (l8a) np1143cthbli1: nph4acthbi:ti npl1l.j.acthbih naccj.1b 7 rr3cchb 9 nacchb (186) B03BpaTHbIH nacchb B03spaTHbIH nacchb B03BpaTHhIH nacchb npw-iacthhih nacchb B03BpaTHhlH IT3CCHB IIPHlfaCTHbIH: nacchb B03spaTHbIH nacchb nphl.facthblh IlaCCHB nohlfacthhlm nacci1b G Cp., HanpHMep, H~Rp'b)f{fT'h CAl. HOWh 'kko~e po~r4 H HC'h.WET'h. (Margulies 1924: MapHHHCKoe qetbepoebahrenhe 378,16: l10ahh 15:6) 7 Cp., Hanpl1Mep, flhtohhli'h. ra4r0a4: n'h.~rh"t:thte ortf~ H P"i'KA~~'kTf CKOHP"AN.. A4 G'hH9"b.IKW'h IM'_AET'h. Gil. H~a.. AJ' T'kM'h Ba.Aa.fJT"h. RA~W'h.B'h1!ero noc.'t:»y\fh'h1 (CynpacnbCKM PYKonHcb XI B. 157,13-16). 8 Cp., HanpHMep, OI1'hIWH VTO TROPHT'b. B.'h TO Rp tl1'al.r~ H~fIKE CAl. np'kn1 (CynpacnbCKM PYKonHCb XI B. 726, 10-11). 9 Cp., Hanpl1Mep, B'b.~IHNH'b. C'1I.ICT'b. Hcoyc'b. Aoyxo1U'b. B'b IIOYCT'hIHN. HCKOYCH IJIH Chi O'l"'b. AHt.:IBM" (Margulies 1924: MapHHHcKoe lfetbepoebahrejlhe 7, 27: MaTBeli 4: 1). J1H110 i 06beKT rpaflh: nacchbhah H.a;cKaY3aTHDflaH,lJ.HaTe3Ll KpoMe npl1mepob, nacchbhoe '1TeHHe KOTOpblX 6eccnopHo, B,1\aMaC KH.Hax ectb H.ll.OBOnbHO MHOro npe,ll110)kehhh, nomaioll.l,hxc5i anbtepha THBHblM '1TeHHRM. 5I paccmotplo 3,1\eCb,1\Be rpynllhl TaKI1X nphmepob. B nepboll H3 HHX '1TeHHe Bapbl1pYeT Me)l(,!\y,1\mrre3aMH, noka3ahhblmh Ha,l1HarpaMMax (22a) H (226): (22) a. IIaCCHBHM,l1l1aTe3a 6 )..(ekay3athbhm,1\l1a1'e3a TIO,lVleJKalll,ee JhUl,02 AreHc (AreHTHBHoe J(onOJlHeHHe) J1I1UO 06beKT IIpe,1\JlOlKeHHIO (23a),,1\JlR HocHTeJlell COBpeMeHHoro JlHTeparypHoro 60JIrapCKOro 113blKa Henp.leMJleMoMY, COOTBeTCTBYeT,l1HarpaMMa (22a). EenH nohhmatb npe,1\jlolkehhe (236) KaK nacchb C HeBblpIDKeHHblM areh THBHblM,n;onOJIHeHHeM, to c cospemehhoh TOqKH 3peHHjJ OHO TO)Ke HenpHeMJleMO. EcnH, O,1\HaKO, nphhlltb,1\jlll Hero,1\eKaY3aTHBHoe '1TeHHe, TO npothb Hero B03pIDKeHHll He HMeeTC~. EOJlrapCKHe O,l1HOMeCTHble npe,1\hkatbl, 06pa30BaHHble OT nepexo,1\hblx KaY3aTHBOB nph nomoll\h B03 BpaTHoro MapKepa ce, npo,1\oidkaiot lllhpoko HCnOJlb30BaTbCll. B,1\aHHOM CJI)ILIae OT HCXO,n;HOro KaY3aTHBa Mblla (HflK020) 'npwihhhtb M)'lleHHjJ,,1\eJIaTb TaK, QT06bl KTO-TO MY'lHJlCll' 06pa30BaH maroji M,,~a ce 'MY'lHTb CR'. 5I He YTBeplK,llaJO, 'ITO Y npe,1\jlo>kehhr (236) no 3a,11yMKe ero abtopa Ha camom,1\ejle,1\ojllkho 6blJIO 6blTb HMeHHO nacchbhoe, a He,1\eKaY3aTHB Hoe '1TeHHe. Cy,1\llno nphmepy (23a), O,1\HaKO, TaKoe '1TeHHe y Hero Morno 6bITb. 3Ta B03MO)KHOCTb He cyw,ectbyet AJHI HOCHTeneii COBpeMeHHoro JlHTeparypHoro 60JlrapCKOro 113blKa. (23) a. EAHHOPOAH'bl C[H]Hb <... > HE Tbpnt Aa raeaa VA[OBt] VbeK'blH PUJA" &J AiaBOAa Aa CE MbVn()..(eMHHa 1971: 162) 6. a KOHTO HE Btp8Baxa OCTaxa Aa CE MbvaTb IT AOCEra ()..(e MHHa 1971: 284) )..(ekay3athbhble B03BpaTHble marojlbl lilhpoko pacnpoctpahehbl B pa3hblx jj3bikax MHpa, a,n;ekay3ati1bhoe 3HalleHHe TeCHO CB5I3aHO c c06c

9 188 OJ1za i.\;!jwoejfoeg HOJ12apCKlIil >fjblk IUl nomlymu am 3CU/Oc":Cl IICClK/1/I/(jIf020}\ JWIOZY l/acciigiiqiiy 189 TBeHHO peqljiekchbhblm (Geniusiene 1987: ). TaK KaK I\CpHBal1HR npl1 nomoli\11 B03BpaTHoH '1aCTI1Ubl - JlI1U1b O,1lI1H 113 cnoc060b 06pmo BaHI1R np0i13bo,1lhbix,1iekay3ati1bhbix marajlob, B pmhblx R3bIKaX, 11J111 B O,1lHOM 11 TOM lke R3blKe Ha pmhblx CTa,1Il1RX era pmbhtl1l1, cnoc06b1 06pmOBaHI111 KOHKpe-rHbIX,1IeKaY3aTHBOB MOryT He COBna,1laTb. Hanpl1 Mep, B (24a) H (246) ynotpe6j1ehhl,1iba pa3hblx,1iekay3aulba OT nomonjl: nom"blla 11 nomonr ceo,[vi1i abtopa TeKCTa OHI1, BI1,11HMO, pabhouehhbl. B HaCTORlI\ee BpeMJI ynotpe6j1l1etcr JlI1U1b,1IeKaY3aTI1B nom"blla. nacci1b nomonji ce B (24B) TOlKe HenpHeMJleM. (24) a. a ujh'2;11 VA[OBE]Kh KaTO IIOTbHa C'bC' CilAElKAhTa eli B'b MO PETO Ha A'bHOTO. a Tali npliblika (J\eMliHa 1971: 179) 6. Ii MHCilra BOliCKa II01YJIIH CEIi 8AaBIfiIIE CE (,L\eMliHa 1971: 130) B. B'b CilHOBa BpilME mngi1 KopaBHIfi\H, rp1;x8 A8 CE II01YJIIIJ.Tb oy MOPETO C'bC' KopaBETE Cli WroAilMa B8pa (,L\eMliHa 1971: 177) yltak, npe,ll,jiq)kehlul, B KOTOPbIX B03BpaTHbIH rnarojl MO)J(eT 6bITb HC TOJlKOBaH He TOJlbKO KaK nacchb (,1IHarpaMMa 22a), HO Ii KaK,1IeKaY3aTliB (1\l1arpaMMa 226) npo,1l0jllkalot BocnpliHHMaTbCJI KaK rpammati1'1eckh npashjlbhbje 3a CqeT Toro, LITO rj1arony abtomatwleckh rrpjfnhcbibaetch l\ekay3ati1bhoe '1TeHl1e. rpahu: naccubuah U PCcllJICKCuBHo-KaY3aTuBuan liuatc3b1 ECTb eli\e 11 l\pyraji rpynna npe,1li1katob, cy6'bektom KOTOPblX RBJllIeTCSI Hwcyc XPHCTOC, TaKHX KaK BOU2Ha ce Ha Kpbcm, pq3ne ee, nozpe 6a ce, 1\JI1I KOTOPblX MOlKHO Bbl611paTh Me,,<.!IY I\BYMlII\HaTe3aMI1: (25a) Ii (256). (25) a. naechbhaji,1ihate3a 6. PeqmeKcHBHo-Kay3aTHBHaJI,1IHaTe3a JIHUO I J1HU0 2 06beKT I10.lJ.1le)l(amee AreHC (AreHTHBHOe I\OnOnHeHHe) J1HLJ.0 1 JIHU0 2 I1HHl\HaTopl 06beKT' TIO,IUIe)l(aLUee 060eK1"' I AreHC (AreHTHBHOe,norrOJ1HeHHe) rehloulelle HHTepnpeTHpyeT peqljlekchbho-kay3athbhyio I\I1aTe3Y ejlei\yioli\i1m 06pmOM. KaJKI\blH H3 Y4acTHHKoB 0603Ha'iaeMoii npel\l1ka TOM cmyauhh - MrpeK (nepboe JlHl\O) 11 MKe (BTopoe JlI1l\O) - BbIDOnHReT OI\HOBpeMeHHO I\Be eemahth'ieckhe POJIH. MrpeK,1IeJlaeT TaK, 4T06bl MKC COBepUlHJI no OTHOUleHl11O K HeMY, Mrpexy, HeKoe l\eiictbhe, BblpruKeH Hoe npe,1lhkatom. MrpeI< - OI\HOBpeMeHHO HHHl\HaTOp l\ehctbh~ Ii era 06beKT, a MKC - OI\HOBpeMeHHo 06'beKT KaY3al\1111 If l\ertejlb (Geniusiene 1987: ). Tl1nH'lHbIe npel\hkatbl 3TOii KaTerapHH - cmpu%cji 6> napukmaxepa), Jle~UmbCJI (6 Jly~!Ueu 60JlbIlU'ie). MOl\eJlb petjljlekchbho KaY3aTHBHoii I\HaTe3bl (256) CTOI1T B OCHOBe npel\jlolkehi1r (26). (26) X[PHCTO]C XOAIi B VEp KOsa s[o]>i<ia, Ta CE obpi;7,a TIO 2;aKoHh MCilveEoBb (,L\eMliHa 1971: 207) EOJlee CJlO>KHO 06CTORT AeJla C npl1mepom (27), nol\jlelkali\hm KOTOpora TOlKe J!BJlReTCJ! MHCyC XpHCTOC. ECJlH noi\becth npel\jlolkehl1e (27) noa '1TeHHe (25a), OHO l\ejlaetcji HenpHeMJleMblM. B TaKOM cjly'lae cpmy X01.IeTC.sr: 3aMeHHTh B03BPaTHhIH nacchb Ha nph1.jacthbih H CK83aTb 6eUle nojloj/cell 6 zpo6, 3a oa 6'b3KpeCU /lac. ECJlI1, OI\HaKO, npl1l\ep)l{lfbatbcr '1TeHHR (256), KOTopoe, KCTaTH, JIY'IUle Bnl1CblBaeTCR B XpHCTl1aHcxylO 1\0KTPIfHY, TOrl\a npe-reh3hh K rpammath'ihocti1 npel\nolkehl1l1 He B03 HHKaeT. (27) B'b rpos' CE IIOAO)KH Aa B'bCKpilCH Hac (J\eMHHa 1971: 279) npl1mepbl TaKora pol\a npojlhbalot J1pKHii CBeT Ha napametpbl, B pamkax KOTOPblX conpemehhhle HOCI1TeJlH 60JlrapCKOra R3hlKa Bbl611palOT B03BpaTHbie <jjopmbl HJII1, Ha060pOT, npl14acthble KOHCTPYKUliH. KJJIO'Ie Boe cnobo 3,O,eCb HWWepellHO. EcnH, B COOTBeTCTBHH C Y1.JeHHeM XPHC THRHCKOH uepkbi1, C'II1TaTb, 'ITO MHCYC XPHCTOC IICLuepellllo noi\beprcr MY'IeHl1l1M, '1T06bl cnacth Bcex Hac, MO)[(}lO rabopl1tb 06 3TOM licnojlb 3yR B03BpaTHble <jjopmbl. nph'iacthaji KOHCTPYKl\I1R ynotpe6j1re-rcr B Tex cjly'lallx, KOrl\a BHIfMaHlie 06palI\eHO He Ha 60lKeCTBeHHblH npomblcen. ECJlIf CY,1lHTb no TaKHM nphmepam, KaK (6)-(9), HOCI1TeJlI1 60nrapcKOro Jl3blKa XVII B. MOfJIH TIpH6efHYTb K B03BpaTHhlM <jjopmam BHe 3aBHCH

10 190 HWlZapCKltiJ J13blK Ita I7wmymu om :;ano?{j lieokf1lu6lf()i!o f( 3Qf10?y nacc/(6ifm,y 191 MOCTK OT Toro HaMepeHHO HJTH l-ieuamepet-iho JIHU;O cnljio 06beKTOM J<a KOro-TO i\e>ictbmli. rpahh: o6061l\ehhe i1tak, MQ)KHO 06061l\I1Tb Ha6nlOi\eHMlI 0 pa3nl1qholi i\i1ctph6yl\1111 B03spaTHbIX Ii npw-jacthbix nacchbob B )),amackhhax no cpashehhio C COBpeMeHHblM nl1teparyphblm 60nrapCKI1M Jl3bIKOM, KaK noka3aho Ha cxeme noi\ HOMepoM (28), KYi\a TaIQKe BKn'O'IeHbl 0603Ha'leHMlI i\hate3, npl1hjltble fehlowehe. (28) YCTOH:4HBhIe,LlHaTe3bI 1O Il Co6CTBeHHo-nemneKCHBHaH Il, )J.eKaY3aTHBHaJI 8l/: Ee3areHTHBHaR nacchbhall Il Pe rrekchbho-kay3anibhah HeycTotltIHBble JlHaTe3bI /).,9 AreHTHBHaH nacchbhm [+cnel\h!pj1qhoctb ci11yauhh1 [-HaMepeHHOCTL 06beKTa no)lbeprhytbcjl )1eliCTBHIO1 Ha OCHOBaHHH CTerreHH rrpe,[{ctabjiehhocth 3THX llhate3 B HeCKOJIb KI1X i\ecjltkax I1H)lOCBpOnelicKI1X 11 Hel1Hi\OeBpOnelicKHx Jl3blKOB fehiowehe nphxojl.ht K BbIBO,L{)', l.j:to arehthbhaji nacchbhrui )l,hate3a 5IBJUleTC5I KOHeQHOli TO'lKOli Ha nl1hl111 3BOnlOL\l1l1, HaQI1HalOIl\elicJl C co6ctbehho pe(j>i1ekchbholi i\hate3bl H no Mepe PaJBHTHJl nphbe)lweli CHa'laila K i\eka Y3aTHBHOli, a notom H K 6e3areHTHBHoli nacchbholi i\hate3e. Pe(j>i1eKCHB HO-KaY3aTHBHaJI )l,hate3a HaXO)l,HTCR Ha APyroH 3BOJUOQHOHHOH JIHHHH B HenOCpei\CTBeHHoli 6ml30cTH OT co6ctbehho-pe(j>i1ekchbholi i\hate3b1 (Geniusiene 1987: 124,260,269, ,351).11 B3aHMoOTHOWeHHJl 3THX i\hate3 npe)lctabjiehbi Ha cxeme (29a). (29) a. 6. B. - )UlaTe3a, Bhlpa 11, Il,.~.~.~..J. t.b!j.g 61 67@ e-7e --t -J, ,Jlis: t:.9 c-o >KeHHM B03spaT HhIM fjiarojiom o -.l1.hate3a, BblpalKeHHa>! I/lopMoli marona '6hITb' Ii CTpa.llaTenbHblM nphl.factllem npollle,nlliero BpeMeHH TaKHM 06PaJOM, Ha6nlOi\aeMOe HaMH CYlKeHHe i\hana30ha (j>yhkl\hli B03BpaTHbiX fjiarojiob BbIfJIR.lll1T BnOJIHe JIorHlJ:HO: OHO HaLfaJIOCb HMeH HO C CPYHKl.I,HH, KOTOpble CTam1 BbInOnH.SITbC.H B03spaTHbIMH rnafojiamh n03)ke Bcero. He Bce.H3bIKH Mupa, B KOTOPbIX ectb B03spaTHbie fjiaronbl, ynotpe6i1jllot I1X MJl BhlpIDKeHMlI nacchbhoro 3Ha4eHHJl. HanpHMep, B 6aJITHHCKHX H3bIKax UMelOTCR B03BpaTHbIe fnarojihi,p BbInOJIHRIDl1\He pa3betbilehhble (j>yhkl\hh, H OTi\eilbHO OT HI1X - npwlacthhlii nacchb (Geniusiene 1987: 18-22,258). CxeMa (29B) COOTBCTCTBYCT chryal\hh, 3aCBHi\eTenbcTBoBaHHoli B 6ai1THiicKI1X Jl3blKaX. OHa KaK 6Yi\TO TaIOKe nok3.3bibaet B KaKOM HanpaBJIeHI1H pa3bhbaerc.si 60JIfapCKruI 3aJIorOBrui chctema, npei\ctabnehhaji Ha cxeme (296) H JlBilHlOll\aJICJl npomelk)'to'l HblM THnOM MelK,A)' MOi\eilblO (29a) ei\hhoro HearcrHBHOro 3aJ10ra, npoth BOnOCTaBJIeHHoro arcrhbhomy, H MOi\eilblO (29B), B KOTopoli (j>hryphpyct CTpa,L\aTeJlbHblii 3ai10r; HaxOi\JlIl\HiicJl B Onn03HL\HH K i\eiictbhteilbhomy 3aJIOry, Ky~a 60J1rapCKHe rpammathkh Tpa.n.Hl.I,HOHHO BKJIIDtIaIDT Bce HenaCCHBHble (j>yhkl\hh, TaK Ha3blBaeMble cjloboo6pa30batejlbhble (j>yhk 1.I,I1H B03BpaTHbiX rjiarojiob B OTJIHLfHe OT CJIOB0l13MeHHTeJIbHbiX (I1BaHo Ba 1983: ). 1031'0 HenOJUlblH cnhcok,llhate3. Ha cxeme He npe.[{ctabj1ehbl,uhare3bl, HenepeCeKaIOIIlHeCjJ c nacchbom, TaKHe KaK B3aHMHast, a6comothbhidi Ii.up.... II n. EapaKOsa YKa3bTSaer, 1.(TO nphmepob C 3KCnJlHUHTHO BbIpIDKeHHoH areh THBHO" naeewbhd" JlHaTe30ti - seero 6,5% o6mero QHCna nphmepob B ee KOpnyce nacchbhbix kohctpykuhh cospemehhoro 6onrapcKoro llhtepa1)'phoro }l3bika, Ii nphbollht aprymehtbt B n0j1b3y BTOPWIHOCTH arehthbhoh naeewbhdh,uhate3hl no OTHorneHHlO K 6c3areHTHBHoH (1980: ). II. KOHTpOJIUpyeMocTL i\ciictbuu: i\eiictbhh KOHTpoJlHpyeMLle CpaBHeHHe i\hctph6yl\hh B03BPlITHblX H nph4acthbix nacchbob B LlaMacKHHax 11 B cobpemehhom 6oilrapcKoM nhtepryphom Jl3blKe n03bo JI.SIeT nohrth KaK HMeHHO B03BpaTHbIH nacchb nepetekaer B nphtiacthbul. KnroLfeBble noh.situsi 3,l:t,eCb KOHTpOJmpyeMocTb p;ehctbhr, OHTOJIOfHl.feC Ka.SI wepapxhr H l1epapxhh cemahthlj:eckhx ponel:i H CHHTaKCHtIeCKHX no

11 192 ()J/za MJIGoclloaU EOflzapCKUU fi3blk NO I10fmymu om 3aJIOZO JfeaKffl1I6HOZO K 3(l.//OZY nacc1i6iimfy 193 3Hl.U1H. HaCKOJ1hKO MHe H3BeCTl-IO, CaM35I pahhh5i pa6ota, npc,ujlarmolli,ah ei\mioe 06bHCHeHHe rpammath'ieckoh KaTeropHH 3Mora Ha OCHOBaHHH noh"thh KOHTpOJlHpyeMocTH i\ehctbhjl - 31'0 pa60ta MHpHaM KneHMaH (Klaiman 1991 ).12 B HeH nphhhmajotcjl3a HCXOi\Hble ABe HepapXHH: pacluhpehhaj! HepapXHJl Oi\YlUeMeHHocTH H Oi\Ha H3 HeCKOJlbKHX cyll\ect BylOll.I,HX HepapxHH cemahth4eckhx ponew. B.llaJIbHemeM H3J10)J(eHHH.H onhpalocb Ha KOHuem.\HIO KneHMaH, nphcnoca6j1hbaj! ee K 60JlrapCKHM YCJlOBIDIM q,yhkuhohhpobahhjl nacchba. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOro npeanojlaraetcjl JIH cyll\ectbobahhe HHC TaHI.J;HH, KOHTPOJIHPYIOUI,eH cobeprnehhe p;ehctblul, npe.llhkatbi mo6oro H3blKa noapa3aejijliotch Ha npeahkatbl, 0603Ha'lalOll\He KOHTpOJIHpye Mble H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, HeKOHTpOJlHpyeMble i\~iictbhjl. OAHHM H3 nph3hakob KOHTpOJIHpyeMoro AeiicTBHJl, KneiiMaH, BCJIeA 3a TMb6eproM, C'IHTaeT cnoc06hoctb npeahkata coqetatbcjl C Hapel.fUSlMH BOl]}1 H )KenaHl1.SI THna no CBoeu BOlle ~ npomu6 CBoeu BOllU, IlaMepellllo<->lIell(lMepelllJO (Thalberg 1972). OAHaKo 3a npeaejiamh KOH TpOJ1HpyeMoro.ll.eHCTBHH, onpe)l,ejulemoro no 3TOMY nph3hak)' H BblpalKeHHoro B03BpaTHbIM marojiom HJIH nph'iacthoh KOHCTpYKI.\HeH, OCTaeTC.H TaKOe BbIHY)f(,l],eHHOe,Uei1:cTBHe, npm KOTOPOM nhuo, ocymectbjuilo11\ee KOHTPOJIb HaA i\ehctbhem, OTJIH'IHO OT JIHUa, noabepraloll\erocjl 3TOMY AeiicTBHIO. Mbl YlKe BHAeJlH BbllUe (nphmep 27), 'ITO HeCOBnaAe HHe pe epehtob 3THX AByx YHl(l(Hii - '06beKTa AeHCTBHJl' H '06J1aAaTe JIJl KOHTPOJIJl HaA AeHcTBHeM' - limjletch npeanocbljlkoh HcnOllb30BaHHJl npwjacthoii KOHCTPYKI.\HH B cobpemehhom 60JlrapCKOM JlHTeparypHoM '" '6 v, Jl3bIKe. KorAa Oi\HH H TOT lke pe'l'epeht JlBllJleTCJl 0 bektom AeHCTBHJl H '0611aAaTeJleM KOHTPOJlJl HaA AeiicTBHeM', B03BpaTHaJ! opma no-npe )KHeMY B03MO)l(Ha. BepHeMCJl K BbilUeynOMJlHYTblM HenpHeMlleMblM nphmepam ynorpe6j1ehhjl B03BpaTHoii q,opmbl C 0i\YlUeBJleHHbIM 06beKTOM: (16), (6) 12 BOT KaKoe onpe.nenehhe nohhth.si KOHmpOJ/b (control) JlaeT KJIeHMaH: "capacity of an individual to engage or alternatively to refrain from engaging in a particular action; characteristic of a participant in a given situation such that (a) the situation's realization depends on the participant role in question and (b) the situation is compatible with that participant's intentional involvement therein" (Klaiman 1991: 317). (9), (lla), (l3a), (l4a). Bo Bcex "3 HHX peq,epeht, KOTOpblH "MJleTC" 06beKTOM AeHCTBHJl, He 0611aAaeT KOHTpOJIeM HaA HHM. KorAa pe'lb HAeT o Heoi\YlUeMeHHblx 06beKTaX KOHTpoJlHpyeMbix i\eiictbhii, Ol.\eHKH nphemjiemocth ynotpe6jiehhjl B03BpaTHoro nacchba pacxoajltcjl. C OAHOii CTOPOHhI, ecth npe}llio)kehidi onpe.n.ej1ehho HerpaMMaTHlJ.eCKHe - TaKHe KaK (5). C i\pyroii CTOPOHbl, ectb nphmepbl KaK (I a) H (4), KOTOpble Bbl 3blBalOT y MeHJl ABoHcTBeHHoe qybctbo, HO KOTOPbIM, KaK 6blJ10 ynomjl BYTo Bblllle, 6blJ1H AaHbl HHbie ouehkh APYrHMH HOCHTeJIJlMH 60JIrapc KOro Jl3blKa. 51 nphbolky noa HOMepaMH (30)-(32) Bce rph npeallolkehhjl 3TOH KarerOpHH, HaH.n.eHHble MHOH s.n.amackmhax. OlJ,eHKa MX nphemj1e MOCTH TOlKe HeOAH03Ha4Ha. HIDKe Bcero OHa y npeallolkehhjl noa HOMe POM (30), B KOTOPOM npel\hkat - marojl cobepluehhoro BHAa B aophcte. npeallolkehidi (31) H (32) C marojlamh HecoBeplUeHHoro BHAa B HMnep ekte npoh3bo)\jlt Jly'lillee Bne'laTJleHHe. B HHX i\eiictbhe - no CyrH Ta Koe lke KaK B npeallolkehhh (30) - npeactameho KaK MHoroKpaTHOe. Bo Bcex Tpex npeallolkehhjlx AeJlTeJIb cneuh H'IeCKHH, HO 06beKT AeHCTBHJl - MHO)KeCTBeHHbIH. OHM 06pa3yIOT IIlKaJI)' noctenehhoro nepexo)l,a OT cneuh HqeCKOH K HecneUH HqeCKOfi chryauhh. no-bhahmomy, OueHKa HX. npmemj1emocth 3aBHCHT OT 3Toro. (30) H AP8ro MHoro V1OAO C'bTBOPH CE TaMO 00 an[o]c[to]ab (,ll;emh Ha 1971: 83) (31) Ii 00 TaKBH~H VlOAEca, H 00 AP8I""bI MHCilro VTO CE HHfmIE ctkora 00 C[BE]T[o]ro AHMHTpi'a. Ta CE CbBblpalllE MHCilro CBtTb, 00 CHV'KbI CTpaH'bI (,ll;emhha 1971: 108) (32) noca8uiaiite Ij.IO C'b HHilwE 00 C[BE]T[O]ro HHKOAaE, AOBPO (,ll;emhha 1971: 163) TaKHM lke 06pa30M MOlKHO 06bHCHHTb H 60Jlee nojlolklitejjbhyio ouehry npeajlolkehhii (la) H (4) no cpabhehhio C npeallolkehhem (5). B (la) H (4) 06beKT i\eiictbhjl - ei\hhctbehhblii, HO ectb MHOlKeCTBO JIOrHqeCKHX cy6bektob, cymma HHAHBHAYMbHblX AeHcTBHH KOTOPblX H COCTaSll"eT TO OKpY.?ICeIlUe, KOTopoe npeanollaraetch npeahkatom 3Q 06UKOJlJl. 3TH nphmephi HaBO)])lT Ha MhICJ1b, '-lto BHyTpH KIDK.JJ;oro cermehta, OqepqeHHoro Ha OCHosaHMH noka3ahllh KaTerOpHH KOHTpOJ1HpyeMocTH

12 194 EOJI?apo..-uii fl3blk IIG no.l1nymu om 3WI02Q lieakmllgfloco K 3CLJIO?Y nacciigiiql1y 195 l1eiictbhh, mnob pelpepehta H ClIeI1H<pH'IHOCTHirCHepl1'1HOCTH 0603 Ha'IelUlOii B lipe)1.t10lkchhh chryal1hh, I1HHOBal1l111 BBOl1l1J1l1Cb B TeKCT B 3aSHCHMOCTH OT KsaHTHq))'{KaI.l;Il0HHOH llika.j]bl, rrpe,o;ctabj1ehhoh no)], HO MepoM (33). 3HaYHMOCTb 3TOH lllkajlbl ):\JIH 60JIrapcKoro H3blKa 6blJIa lio Ka3aHa Ha MaTepH3J1e 3n0J11OIJ,I1H CQl.!eTaeMOCTM THOOB HMeH cyw.ectbh TeJIbHblX C KBaHTI1<pI1KaI1HOHHbIMH TepMHHaMH (Mladenova 2009a). Ha JleBOM KOHl.{e lllk3jibi pacnojiq)kehbj rpyrrlibj cyw.ectbhtejihhbix, o603hayalolllhe liomajolllhech cyery CYlllHOCTH peajibhoro MHpa, a Ha lipabom - MHOlKeCTBa.,L\aHHble 0 CTpanaTeJIbHblX npe):\jiolkehwlx C npel1hkatom KOHTpOJll1pyeMoro l1ehctbhh 11 Heol1YllleBJIeHHblM o6."ektom lioka3blbalot, 'ITO otcrylijlehhe B03BpaTHoro liacchba HaYaJIOCb C pe<\lepel1tob Ha nesom KOHLl,e lllkajibi. MO)KHO rrpe,o;iioj]q)khtb, qto 3TOT )Ke nop.si,ll;dk cne 110BaHHH 6blJI B CI1JIe H Y I1PYrHX KOH<pHrypal1l1ii, KOTopble lipollljlh '1epe3 :;ny 3BOmOUl11O pahbwe. (34),[\HCTp"6yqIH I\BYX nmob nacchba Cpel\H npel\hkatob cneqh <ph'leckoro KOHTpOJIHpyeMoro l1ehctbhli a. JIm~o B POJIH 06beKTa npw-mcthhlh nacclfb JI",lO' [-Ctrl] 06beKT no,lj;ne)l(amee JIulIO' [+Ctrl] AreHC (AreHTHBHOe,llOnOJIHeHHe) 6. HeOl1YllleBJIeHHblH npellmet BPOJIH o6bekta DpHQaCTHLIJ:i (H?Bo3BpaTHbIJ:i) nacchb Heo,nymeBJTeHHblH npeilmet r-ctrl) 06beKT ITOl1JlelKall\ee JIuqo [+Ctrl] AreHC (AreHTI1BHOe,UonOJIHeHHe) KOHTpOJIHpyeMocTb I\CiiCTBHH: lieiictbhh HeKOHTpOJIHPYCMblC (33) KBaHTI'HIHlIcaLl,I10HHaJI lllkajia B nphmepe (24B) pe<j>epeht, llbjijlioll(hhcji 06beKTOM l1ehctbhll, CymecTBHTeJIhHbIe e.u. ti. E.lI.HHhTe CocTaBHbIe A6cTjJaKT C06HpaTeJ1b Belll,eCTBa CYII\HOCTH CYlllHOCTH HMe rrohhtllii Hble CYII\HOCTH MH.l.J. I pahr II pahr III pahr IV pahr VpaHr VI pahr ECJlH yyectb cylllectbobahhe liphmepob B03BpaTHoro liacci1ba C He OI1YllleBJleHHblM 06beKTOM, Ol1eHKa rpammathyhocth KOTOPblX ellle HC YCTOllJlaCb, a TaKlKe OTCYTcTBHe TaKHX liphmepob C Jll1110M B POJIH 06beK Ta, MO)KHO 3aKJ110y.HTb, l.fto OTcrynJIeHl1e B03spaTHoro nacchba 113 npe,ll. JlOlKeHHH, B KOTOPbfX <phryphpyiot npel1hkatbl ClIel1H<pHyeCKoro KOHTpOJIWpyeMoro,o;eHCTBIDI, HaqaJIOCh C Tex 113 HHX, B KOTOPblX 06'beKTOM 6blJlO JlHl\O. TaKoe npel1nojlo)!(emle He npothbope'lht 0606ll(eHHlIM, K KOTOPblM nphli\ji11 H I1PYrHe I1CCJlel10BaTeJIH 60JIrapcKoro CTpanaTeJIb HOro 3aJJora (EapaKoBa 1980: 198). BblBOl1bl OTHOCHTeJ1bHO npel\hkatob KOHTpOJlHpyeMoro l1eiictbhli lipellctabjiehbl B m6jihl1e (34). TOlKe He 06JIal\aeT KOHTpOJleM Han HHM.,L\eHcTBHe B 3TqM nphmepe, 011 HaKO, Henh3.H CYHTaTb KOHTpOnHpyeMblM: rrp"po,nhar CTHXH.H nphyhidiet 6e,nCTBH.H, HO HMKaK He o6na.n.aet KOHTpOJIeM Ha,ll; CBOMMH.uewcTBlliIMH B CMbICJIe, liphhhtom 3l1ecb. IIoll HOMepoM (35) lipellctabjieh I1PyroH Ta Koii nphmep HeKOHTpOJIHpyeMoro l1eiictbhll, 110BOJlbHO pel\ki1h B l1amac KHHax. OH TOlKe Hel10nycTHM C cobpemehhoii TOYKH 3peHHJI, ecjih ero TOJIKOBaTb KaK nacchb, a He KaK l1ekay3athb B COOTBeTCTBHH C I1HarpaM MOH (226). 06ll(eii '1epTOii liphmepob (24B) H (35) llbjihetcli HeB03MOlK HOCTb HX napa<\lpa3hpobatb, HClIOJIb3Yll nph'-lacthblii nacchb, cpo *HRKOU MOpRIJU UIflXa oa 6boam nomonellu 6 Mopemo om 20JIRMa 6ypR H *eoull QOeeK 6eUle oneqeh om CflbllIJemo. (35) MS)Kh HilKOR W MilcTO <pep'mahcko. B'h BpilME )!(ETB."" noh AE Aa >KbHE Ha HHBS CBOro. H W CA[b)HljETO CE orreve (,L\eMI1Ha 1971: 114) HeKOHTpOJ1HpyeMble l1ehctbhli 6bIBalOT I1Byx BHI10B: l\ehctbhl! C HeOI1YllleBJIeHHblM H ol1ylllebjiehhblm JlOrHyeCKHMH cy6bektamh. COOT BeTcTuYIOIJJ.He npe,!l;mkatbl MOryr 6blTb O,!l;HOMeCTHbIMH, T,e. HenepeXo,!l; HblMI1 (CM. noll HOMepoM 36) HJlHI1BYXMecTHbIMH, T.e. liepexoi1hblmh (CM. lioi\ HOMepoM 37).,L\BYXMecTHblx npel1hkatob 3Ha'lHTeJlbHO MeHbll\e, yem

13 196 OJlza MJladeJloaa 50}12apCk"lIU }(3blK }fa llojlflymu om '3aJlO2a lieukmll{ji/uzu K 3WIOZY nacciiullu'hy 197 o,uhomecthbix. BOJlbWYFO rpynny HeKOHTponHpyeMblx.lleHCTllHH C O.1l)' WeBJleHHblM JIom'leCKIIM cy6bektom COCTaBJlJlIOT pa:m006pa3hhle!jlh 3HOnOfH4eCKHe Ii nchxojiofhyeckhe peaku,hh, Ha,!( KOTOPblMH yenobek He IIMeeT BJlaCTH. (36) Oi\HOMeCTHhle rrpei\iikatbl HeKOHTpOJIllpyeMoro i\eilctbiiji a. C Heoi\YlIIeBJIeHHhlM JIOfWIeCKHM cy6'bektom JlIOJIRKbT l/bq,mu. MfYbKBa. PbMeUle. 5. C 0i\YlIIeBJIeHHhIM JIOfH1.J.eCKHM cy6'bektom PaHeHIUIT npunaoha OT 60JIKa. TH X11blJHa OT H3HeHa.na, KoraTO ro BMM. 113nomu ce H CTaHa BMp 80):(a. 3TOH rpynnbi npenhkatob. HanpHMep, CTpa.uaTenbHble npe,ujio)kehhji noa HOMepaMI1 (406) 11 (408), COCTaBJleHHble ~1Hoil, BOCTopra He BbI3bIBaIOT, TOri\a KaK (40a) 3By'lHT HOPMaJIbHO. (40) a. PeKllTa 113JIe3e rrpei\ O'lIlTe MY OT 6peroBeTe CH 11 3aJ/Jl nbtli. 6.?llbTliT ce 3GJ/f/. OT pekata npea O'lHTe MY. B.??llbTliT 6e 3aJ/Jlm OT pekata rrpei\ O'lHTe MY. B rrpeallolkehhh (40B), B oc06ehhocth, HaCTOpa:lKIIBaeT npeallolkhoe CO'leTaHHe npeo o~ume My 'nepei\ em rjia3amii', rroi\'1epki1baloll\ee rrpoueccyanbhoctb. 0630P yrrotpe6nehhh :.noro fnarona B HIITepHe-re 110Ka 3M CJIeAYJOll\ee. fjiaroji AOBOJIbHO 'lacto ynotpe6jilietcli nepehocho AIlli 0603Ha'leHl1lI KOHTpOJIHpyeMoro i\eilctbl1li B KOHTeKCTaX Tllna (41). (37),[(ByxMecTHhle rrpei\iikathl HeKOHTpOJIllpyeMoro i\eilctbiiji a. C HeO)l,YllIeBJIeHHbIM 5. C oi\yliiebjiehhbim JIOfWIeCKHM cy6'bektom B.SlTbpDT om8rba >K'bJ]niTe ]HICTa. CIDIf 3ampyn8a TIbTHlllaTa. JlOfWleCKHM cy6bektom Ee6eTo n06bpha BCI14KO. fna,uha KOKOWKa npaca C'bHY8G. yltak, npllmepbl (24B) H (35) OTHOCJlTCJI K KaTeropHII (37a). lloi\ HO MepaMII (38) II (39) npei\ctabjiehhl HerrpHeMJIeMble C cobpemehhoil TO'l KIf 3peHIIJI rrpeallolkehhji C rrpei\iikatamh HeKOHTpOJIHpyeMoro i\eilctbhji, 05beKTbI KOTOPbIX - B OTJIH'lIlH OT (24B) H (35) - Heoi\YweBJIeHbl. Hx TOlKe He npei\ctabjljletcli B03MOlKHhiM rrapa!jlpa3hphpobath nph nomoll\h nph'lacthoro nacchba. (38) 11 nak' CE CTOPH CTpaIlIHO BpilHIE W ~EMAIOTa (,[(emhha 1971: 82) (39) H Ha CnKbII1 A[E]Hh VI1HnIIlE CE Y10AO W CilHb7,H BOAa (,[(emhha 1971: 131) PelIIeHHe Borrpoca 0 TOM, 06pa3ylOT JIH CTpa)laTeJIbHhIil 3aJIOr B COBpeMeHHOM JIIITeparypHoM li3blke npei\iikatbl HeKOHTpOJIllpyeMoro i\eilc TBHlI C HeOi\YlIIeBJleHHhIM JIOm'leCKHM cy6bektom THrra (37a), 3aTPYi\ HHeTC» MaJ10H: lihcnehhoctbfo Hp'eHTmtmLJ;HpOBaHHbIX npe,ll.ctabwteneh (41) a HalllHTe KOHKYpeHTI1 3GJ/JlXa na3apa C KlfTailCKIf CTOKI1. 6. lla3apbt ce 3GJ/f/. C KHTaHCKIf CTOKH. B. lla3apbt 6e 3aJ/Jlm C KHTaHCKIf CTOKII. ilphi.iacthble KOHCTPYKU,HH 06bl4HO BbIpIDKalOT COCTOJlHHe, a He AeHcTBHe HJlH npou.ecc, a TaKHe KOHCTPYKl(HH He nphhslto C4HTaTh nac~ CHBOM B co6ctbehhom CMhICJIe 3TOro CJIOBa (I1BaHoBa 1983: 249). llpliemjiemoctb B03BpaTHoro nacchba B (416), no-bi1i\i1momy, CJIei\YeT 06blICHHTb TaK lke, KaK 3TO 6blJlO Ci\eJIaHO BbIwe C rrpeallolkehhlimh (la), (4), (31) H (32), TaK KaK rjiaroji 0603Ha'laeT nocrynatejibhoe i\bl1lkehlle MHO)l(eCTBa KHTaHCKHX TOBapoB,,[leHCTBHe HaxO,[lSlI.QeeCSI Ha rpahh cne l\1i!jlh'lhoctii II HeCrrel\H!jlH'lHOCTH. Moil eaiihctbehhblil JlCHblil rrpl1mep HeKOHTpOJIl1pyeMoro i\eilctbiiji, Bblpa:lKeHHoro B03BpaTHhIM nacchbom - H Y Hero Oi\YllIeBJleHHbIil 05beKT - npei\ctabjieh noi\ HOMepoM (42):13 (42) rjia)lkoto, nokplito C pei\kh, 6JIei\1I JIyHII'IKI1 JIIIl\e Ha JII1JIa ce 3aJ/Jl OT pymehi1ha, HO O'lHTe H CBeTHaXa pellilltejiho. (,[(IIMHTbP,[(HMOB) 13..sI 3AeCb He 6y,ny p3ccmarphbatb qacto nonaaatollleech nepehochoe BblpIDKe HHe 3aJlU6aM ce am CMJlX, TaK KaK YMeHH HeT lfetkhx KpHTepHeB KaK HHTepnpernpo BaTb 3TO.lleticTBHe: KaK KOHTpOJJHpyeMoe WJJW K3K HeKOHTpOJIWpyeMoe.

14 EVJIZapCKlIil flj/1ik }fa I1WInYl11l1 om 3WIOza lie(]fml1lmfo~'o K ClWlO2Y nacel/guomy OJI~'?a MfI(UJeJl06U fipw-iacthbix KOHCTpYKUl1H 60Jlbllle, HO npe06j1a,rj;aiot npe,n,hkatbl, BblpaJl<alOlI\He COCTOmme, KaK nokll3aho noa HOMepoM (43).)j He pacno JlaralO nphmepamh npol\eccyajlbhoro nph'iacthoro nacchba. (43) a. PeKa KaKa'-l e npejlhjla, MOCT'bT e 3aJlJlm. 5. I'Knn KanHTaH AHllpeeBo e 3aJlJlm OT BOIIH1'C Ha peka Mapl11.\a.,[\Bll)((eHlleTO KbM II npe3 nyhkta He e npeyctahobeho. HTaK, llmeloli\hech AaHHbIe n03bojlhlot npeanojlo)((htb, 'ITO 05paJO BaHHe ctpa.n.atejibhoro 3aJlOra OT rjlarojiob, 0603Hal.falOl.I.I;HX HeKOHTpo JIHpyeMbIe )l,ehctbhji C Heo.o;ymeBJIeHHbIM.llorM4eCKHM cy6bektom Ii He 0AYweBJIeHHbIM 06beKTOM lljlh Jllll\OM B Ka'leCTBe 06beKTa, 3aTpYAHeHo. B npeaj10lkehh"x, B KOTOpblX noa'iepkhbaetc" npol\eccyajlbhoctb, THna (24B) II (35), B HaCTO"lI\ee BpeM" B03BpaTHbIii naccllb )')I<e He B03MOlKeH, a nph'-jacthbih nacellb He BCTpeQaeTC5I HH B TeKCT8X XVII B., HH B COBpeMeHHOM JIIiTeparypHoM "3bIKe.,[\aHHble no marojlam 3aJ1eRhaJlU6GM H 3ampynarwhampynoaM nok3.3bibafot, LITO ccpepa B03BpaTHoro nacchba CBeAeHa K ynol'pe6j1ehhlo B pamkax OTAeJlbHbIX <jjpajeojlorh3mos: MO)(( HO CKaJaTb 3aJ1UBGM ee am pymeljulja ('lepeellulia), HO HeJlb3" CKaJal'b *3aJ1UeGM ee am 6JJeoIJWlG. B ml1'ephete nona)lalotc" H nphmepbl C npll '1aCTHbIM nacchbom THna (44), 0 CTeneHH npol\eccyajlbhoctll KOTOPblX MHe TpYAHO CYAHTb. HeHI1e TO'lKll 3pmmll Ha Hero. T.e. XOTJI llcxoahali AllaTe3a II OTHOCllTClI K KOHTPOflHPYCMOMY AeiicTBHlO (Mb~a), npoh3boahah AeKaY3aTHBHaH,LJ,JiaTe3a, YCTpaHHB,neJlTeJIR, 0603Ha4aeT HeKOHTpollHpyeMoe,Il,eHCTBHe (Mb'la eel. B KOHTeKCTe Onn03Hl\HH no napametpy KOHTpOJlHpyeMocTH AeHCTBI1", OAHH H TOT lke MapKep (B03BpaTHaH '-lacthl\a ce) MOlKeT 0603 Ha'laTb ABe pajhhle chryal\llll: a) AeiicTBlle KOfITpOJlloIPyeMoe, npll'-lem O,!l;HH Ii TOT me pe<pepeht,hbjihetcr Ii 'o5bektom LJ.eHCTBHR', Ii 'o511a,nate JleM KOHTpOJlJl Ha)l AeiicTBl1eM' - 3TO pahee paccmotpehhah pe<jjjlekchb HO-KaY3aTHBHa" AHaTe3a, AHarpaMMa (256); II 6) AeHcTBHe HeKOHTpOJlHpyeMoe, a pe<jjepeht HBJlJleTCJl '06beKTOM AeHcTBHlI' - 31'0 AeKaY3aTJoIB HaH AllaTe3a, AllarpaMMa (226). B 06J1aCTH KOfITpOJlHpyeMblx AeiicTBHH npl-p-mcthah KOHCTPYKU,HH BhIcrynaeT B,ll,OnOJ1HHTeJ1bHOH.ll.HCTPH6YUHH C B03BpaTHoii <jjopmoii marojla. Y nepbh'ihblx npeahkatob HeKOHTpOJIIIpyeMoro JJ,ei1cTBHJl, Y)f(e HCXO,AHaH,ll.HaTe3a OTHOCHTCR K HeKOHTpOJIl1pyeMOMY AeiicTBHlO. CJleAOBaTeJlbHO, AeKaY3aTHBHoe '-ltehhe B03BpaTHoii <jjopmhl HeB03MO)((HO. nohlitho, '-lto pe<jjjlekchbho-kay3athbhoe '-ltehhe TO)l{e no onpe,[{ejiehhio HCKJ1lO1..IaeTC.H. TalOKe HeS03MO)({HO H co6ctbeh HO-B03BpaTHoe '-ltehhe, cp. (45) H (46). MO)((HO 3apaHee OJKHAarb, '-lto Jl106ble nonabillhech B03BpaTHble q,opmhl 01' nepbh'-lhblx npeahkatob He KOHTpoJlHpyeMoro AeiicTBHH 6yAYT naccllbamh. (45) *PeKaTa ce 3aJlJl. / *PeKara 3aJ1H cama ce6e CH. (46) *BJlT'bPbT ce om(3jl. / *BJlT'bPbT OTBlI CaM ce6e CH. (44) CeAeM HH)lHiicKH BoeHOCJlYlKelI\H 3arHHaxa, cjlea KaTO 6flXa 3ampynaIJu OT JIGBUlJa, npeaa)le HTAP-TACC.. fiepe)j; TeM KaK 06paTlITbC51 K,UByxMecTHbiM npe,ll,hkatam HeKOHTpo JlHpyeMoro AeHCTBH" C 0AYweBJIeHHbIM JlOrH'IeCKHM cy6bektom, cjleayet OCTaHOBHTbC" Ha OAHOM Cl'pYKTYPHOM PaJJlH'IHH, pa3acji"loli\em Ha ABe '-lacth BClO rpynny npeahkatob HeKOfITpOJlHpyeMoro AeiicTBHJ!. C TO'-l KH 3peHllH AepHBal\Hll npeahkatbl, 0603Ha'-lalOlI\He HeKOHTpOJlllpyeMble AeiicTBHH, 6bIBalOT nepbh'-lhbimh (epamama CKbp1la) H npoh3boahbimll (CM. yoabr ce B nphmepe 246). KorAa cy6bekt AeiicTBHH - O:?,II1eBJleHHOe JlHI.\O, 06paJoBaHHe AeKaY3aTHBoB nph nomoil\h B03BpaTH0l1 '-lacthl\bl ce, npohfljlloctpllpobahhoe BbIwe nphmepamh (236) H (:46), npeactabjiliet C050H npoaykti1bhblh cnoc06 pehhtepnpetal\hi1 AeHCTBHJl '-lepe3 H3Me MHe YAaJlOCb HaHTH TOJlbKO OrpaHH'-leHHOe '1HCJlO 6eccnopHblx nepbh'ihblx ABYXMeCTHblX npeahkatob THna (376), 0603Ha'-lalOlI\HX He KOHTPOJlllpYMble AeiicTBHJl C OAYIIIeBJIeHHbIM JlOrH'-leCKHM cy6'bektom. B.ll.aMaCKHHax nacchbbi OT TaKHX npe)l,hkatob MHe He nona,nanhcb. COCTaBJleHHbIe MHOii CTpa)laTeJlhHbIe npemolkehhh noa HOMepOM (47) rpammath4eckh HenpaSHJIbHbI. (47) a. I1pe3 HOL\.\Ta 60JlHOTO MOMlf'le C'blly6a yqlltej1kata no neehe. 6. *I1peJ HOlI\Tayqmern<ara no neehece C'bIIJ"Ill or5orrnaro MOMH'Ie. B. *npe3 HOL\.\Ta Y'-lHTeJlKaTa no neehe 6e CbnYBana OT 60JlHO TO MOMHQe.

15 MJ/{JoeJlona I10I1CKH B HHTCPHCTC CTpa,LJ,aTCJIbHbIX CPOPM rjiarojla CbHYGClM He np"hecjli pe3yjlbtatob, ecjli1 He C'II1TaTb npewlolkehl1e (48), B KOTOPOM, O,ll.HaKO,.n.eHcTBHe HecneIJ;minfy.ecKoe. 14 (48) AKo T0311 C'bH ce cbhyaa OT 06MKHOBeH '10BeK, 03Ha'iaBa 3a60 rat5ibahc, H3AHraHe B o6lu,ectboto C n04ccth H nph3hahhe. ITO,ll,CTaHOBKa HcoAyrnCBJTeHHOrO npe,[j.meta HflH )KHBOTHOro BMec TO JlMua B CeMaHTI1'1eCKOH pojm o6'bekta (pwlm, npukg3ka, K)'Klla; /{y~e, KomKa) He OKa3blBaeT BJlI1J[HI1J[ Ha OUeHI<)' rpammati1'1hoctm. HTaK, Y'IM TblBaJI, 'ITO nacchbh3haul1j[ npe)lj10lkehhii C O)l)'IIleBJleHHbIMH JIOrM'Iec KHMH cy6bcktamh, no-bh,ll,hmomy, HCB03MO)l(Ha, MO)I(HO 3aKJlJOL HTb, '-ITO npelll1katbi cneuwph'ieckoro HeKOHTPOJIHpyeMoro lleiictbi1r Bo06I1le nnoxo nomalotch nacchbiuau.hh. YCTaHOBflCHHaJI 3aKOHOMCPHOCTh Ha CR OT I1CXOIlHbIX HenepeXOIlHbIX marojlob JlI1I1lb B cjly'iae I1X COBepIlleHI1R no BOJle llehctbyioiilero JIl1ua (Blevins 2006: 237). ClleJlaHHbIe BbIBonbl 0606IUeHbI B Ta6Jmue non HOMepoM (49). BWlcapCKUZ/ Jl3hlK J/a nql/nymu om 3Wloca lieakmu6hozo K 3aJfOZY naccug1fqmy 20 I TIl. IIpe;i,h1CTOPHH nacchbhblx nphqacthhix K:OHCTpyK':~Hii KaK MOlKHO HCTO!lKOBaTb 1I0JIY'IeHHbIe pe3yjibtatli? BHnHo, 'ITO onhh M Te lke q,aktopbi BJlHRiOT Ha B03MOlKHOCTb liacchbh3auhh M Ha BbI60p MelK)l)' nbymr q,opmamh liacchba. CB060nHoe ynqtpe6j1ehl1e IIp"'1aCT HhIX KOHCTPYKUI1H, 0603Ha'ia1OIUMX COCTO»HHe, B IIpe)lJ10lKeHI1J[X THlIa (43), M3 KOTOPbIX npoueccyajjbhbih liacci1b 6YJlTO 6bII1CKJlIO'IeH, 1I01lCKa 3hIBaeT, 'ITO 3TY <jjyhkuhio, I1MelOrnylO HeorpaHI1'1eHHOe pacnpoctpahe Hl1e, C!le)l)'eT C'IHTaTb liepbh'ihoh <jjyhkul1eii IIpM'IaCTHbIX KOHCTPYKUl1ii.,Z:(JJJI KaKOrO-TO nephona B IIPOIllJlOM, IIpenIlleCTBYIOIl\ero npebhehwhm CJIaB»HCKI1M TeKCTaM, MOlKHO pekohctpyhpobatb COCTOHHHe, IIpenCTaB!leHHOe Ha cxeme (50). (50) o - <fjyhkui1h HeaKTHBHoro 3aJIOra, BblpruKaeMOfO B03BpaTHbIM rnafojiom /!" /!', II, (/!',I (1I0Ka3aHbI He Bce <PYHKUHII) '-7'-7'-7('1 "' ~14 o - npmacthhie KOHCTPYKUHH, COCTOSm1le 113 lpopmbl fjiarona '6b1TL' 11 ctpa.n:arejibhbix nphqacthtt HacToslUero HITH npoliie,nliiero apemehh H 0603HaQalOlUHe COCToHHHe (49),UHCTPI16YUI1J[ nbyx THIIOB liacchba cpenl1 IIpenHKaTOB clieul1(jll1'1eckoro HeKoHTPOJlMpyeMoro neiictbi1r OHT0J10rH'IeCKaH HepapXHH a. JlHUO B pomi arehca TIaccHB 060HX nmob OTCYTCTByer JIHUO I / Heo,nymeBJIemn.rn npe.llmef B POffi1 afchca 6. Jhmo B POJIli ofuekta flpaqacth'bih naccas H cnopa.n.hqeckhm B03spaTHLlH naccrb llhuo [-Ctrl) HeO.llYlll. 6. Jhmo B POllH o61,ckta flacchb 060HX THnOB OTCYTCTSYeT Heo.uYlll. npe.umet 1 [-Ctr!] Heo.nylll. npe,umer [-Ctrl] HeollYw. RHLI,02 npe.umet npejlmet [-Ctr!] [-Ctrl] [-Ctr!] Ofu,eKT AreHC 06beKT AreHc Ofu,eKT AreHC XOIlI1T napajjjlejli1 B R3bIKax, B KOTOPbIX CTpa)laTeJlbHbIH 3aJJor 06pa3YeT IlollnelKa (AreHTHB- HOC.llonOJlll1ee (AreHTHB- JlOJlJle)J{8 (AreuTHs- flojljlc)f(a ll1ee HOC )lono]] ll1ce Hoe JlonOJl Helme) HeHMe) HeHMe) 14 noxo)l{hti npmmep HeCneuJ1(jmQeCKoro HeKOHTponHpyeMoro.n.eHCTBHH,J],Hec HHKOW He fosopellie 3a ndpsa mo60b, Hema OT TOR pon 06HKHOBeHO notbsaxa B KOHuelIUIIH MHpHaM KJIeHMaH, liapam"tphi rnarojlbhoro 3aJJora 01IpeneJIlliOTCJI KpOMe KOHTpO!lHpyeMocTH neiictbmr eiue H COOTHOIlleHHeM IlByx HepapXMH: paciilhpehhoii HepapXMM O):(yIlleBJIeHHOCTH M HepapXMH CeMaHTM'leCKI1X pojleii. COOTHOIlleHMe MepapXMH II03BOJIJIeT ybr3atb TPH ypobhr, IIpellCTaBJJeHHbIe B nhare3e: ypobehb pe<jjepehtob, ypobehb ce MaHTHLJeCKHX poneh H ypobehh CHHTaKCHLJeCKHX OTHOllIeHHH. B Hay4HoH JIHTepaTYpe HMeiOTCR pa3hble IIpe)lJ10lKeHI1J[ TaKl1X HepapXMii (Croft 1990: ). Ji OCTaHOBl1JIaCb Ha BapMaHTaJ<, KOTOpbIe JJY'IIlle Beero COOTBeTC TBYIOT TPe60BaHHJlM Moero ahajjh3a. TaK, Ha ypobhe peq,epehtob 3neCb IIpMHHMaeTCJI OHTOJlOrM'IeCKaJI MepapXl1J!, IIOKa3aHHaJI lion HOMepoM (51). B MbfnaTa Ha HeJICHHTe cnomehh. Cera TpY,lJ;HO ce nrnfhezue nocne.n:mrra, Ta KaMO nh m,pbata." (IT.Ben BelKHHoB) - nphboilht HIT. bap.koba (1980: 149), KOTOPaR; OTMClfaH Hen03MO)KHOCTb 3aMeHHTL B03BPaTHbIH nacchb nphqacthblm (*mpyoho e noml/el/a), OTHOCHT ee 3a CqeT HH,lJ;HBH.uyaJIbHOH cemahthkh marana.

16 202 0]120 M.lIarJelf06Q EOJI2UPCKlIIJ Ji3blK }fa nojli1ymu am 3aWZG HeaKIJIUCflIOZO K 3aJlOZY naccll611o-\iy 203 OHa COCTOIlT 113 llepapxjth OIlYLlIeBJIeHHOCTH, BKJU04aJomylO B ce6~ Hepap XHIO rpammlrrh4cckoro illlua, KOTOpM npllcbalibaet BblCLlIllii pahr Y'IaCT I:IHKaM KOMMYHHKaTHBHOrO akfa no cpabhehhio c noctopohhhmll JUUJ,aMH. (51 ) OHTO!lOrll'leCKM liepapxiili (OHT) YIJ:aCTBYIDlUHH B KOMMYHHKaTHBHOM akte (1 Il 2 n.) O.uyweBJIeHHOe cymectbo qenobek HeyqaCTBYlOllJ,HH B KOMMYHHKaTHBHOM arte (3 n.) )l(hbothoe I pahr (OHT) II pahr (OliT) III pahr I(OHT) HeollYWeBJIeHHhlil npel\met (HJIIl a6c 1paKTHOe rroidfthe) IV pahr (OHT) M. ITeH1..feB otme4aet, 1..fTO B rrepbom H BTOPOM JIHu,e B COBpeMeH HOM 60!lrapCKOM!lIITeparypHoM Jl3bIKe ynotpe6!1~etcji He B03BpaTHblil, a npll'lacthblii naccilb (1972: 272). n. EapaKOBa noi\tbejk.1\aet 3ry 3aKO HOMepHocTb CTaTIlCTIl4eCKIIMli l\ahhblmil (1980: 164). B PO!lIl nol(jle JKall(ero B CTpa,n;aTenbHblX npe)l,jio)kehwix B namackhhax npeo6na.ualot pe<jlepehtbl II pahra. I-h 06mero '1IlC!la 65 npllmepob, IlMelOmllX B Ka '1eCTBe noi\!le)((amero pe<jlepeht I pahra, TO!lbKO B 7 c!ly'iajix ynotpe6 neh B03BpaTHbIH nacchb Ii Bee OHM BocrrpHHHMafOTC5I COBpeMeHHbIMH HOCIITe!lJlMIi 60!lrapCKOro JI3bIKa KaK HerpaMMaTII'IeCKlie. j! nplibel\y Tpll nphmepa - CM. (52): (52) a. il Aa Til CTOPilMb MHwro pa~aiivh'bi M'bK'bI, Aa CE M'b Hlllh II Aa CE HaKa)l{Ellib ():(emiiha 1971: 102) 6. Aa CTE ca8iiiaae 11 IIOYHTaAE HrerOB'bITE A8M'bI, 1I HEfOBb Ta Ha8Ka. HE B'bIX'TE ca CEra OC'bAHAE Aa CE MbVlITE ():(emiiha 1971:220) B. a~b HE 8na7,Hx' CE CJJ VA[OBtjVbcKa MarYa CJJ Ta>;11 OTpO Ba. amli CJJ BA[ajroA[a]Tb il ClIAa X[plIcTja MOEro ():(emiiha 1971: 313) 3Ila'lllTe!lbHOe npe06jiai(ahl1e nph'iacthblx nacchbob Hal( B03BpaT HblMH (B COOTHOIlleHlIlIl\eBJITIi K OIlHOMY) B CO'leTaHIiH C COBpeMeHHoil ou.ehkoh B03BpaTHbiX nacchbob KaK HerpaMMaTWieCKHX no,ll.ck8.3blbaet, 'ITO HCCOBMeCTIiMOCTb B03BpaTHoro nacchba C pe<jlepehtamh I pahra Ha LfaJ1a npojlbjuitbcji )lo XVII B., no KO spemehh C03,llaHHH )lamackhhob ew.e He YTBepIIII!laCb OKOH'IaTeJIbHO. KaK 6bl!lO noka3ah(y BblLlle, KOrl\a B Ka'leCTBe nol(jle)l{amero BbICrynaeT pe<jlepeht IV pahra, 1\0nYCTliMocTb CTpal\aTeJlbHoro 3a!10ra Boo6me H Bhl60p ero THna 3aBHCJlT OT KOH-rponHpyeMocTH,n;eHcTBHSI. BhIpIDKeHHe KOHTpo!lHpyeMblx l\eilctbllii B03BpaTHblM nacciibom LlI!IO B XVI! B. Ha y6bl!lb, HO 6bI!lO 6o!lee npllem!lembim, '1eM ceil'lac. B MOHX MaTeplla!lax 113,naMaCKHHOB ectb 3 TaKID( nphmepa B03BpaTHoro nacchba, UHTHpO BaHHblX BbIIIIe noli HOMepaMIi (30}-(32), II 12 nplimepob nph'iacthoro nacchba. HeKOHTponHpyeMhIe,neHcTBuSl, WTOXO no,lllj,ruomhec.sl nacchbm 3aUIIII!l1060ro Tllna, B MOIIX MaTeplla!laX H3 l\amackiihob nph'iacthbimii nacciibamii He 0603Ha'laIOTCJI. 11MelOmlleCJI Y MeHJI I\Ba nplimepa B03 BpaTHoro nacchba npel\ctabjiehbi BbILlIe noli HOMepaMIi (38) II (39). Pe<jlepellTbI III pahra B PO!lIl nol(jle)((amero npll maro!le B CTpal\a TenhHOM 3aJIOre cna60 3aCBH)leTenhCTBOBaHhI B,UaMaCKHHax. Y Mewr ectb!liillib I\Ba notehuila!lbhbix nphmepa npli'lacthoro nacciiba, HO IIX npoueccya!lbhoctb II!I" MeHJI He6eccnopHa. KaK HeollHoKpaTHo nol\'1epkiibaet n. EapaKoBa (1980: , 198), 3Ha'leHlle IIMeeT OHTO!lOrH'IeCKllii pahr He TO!lbKO pe<jlepehta B ponh no.lvle)ka~ero, HO H pe4?epehta B ponh arehthbhoro )J,onOJIHeHHSl. ):(ahhbix 113 l\amackhhob no pe<jlepehtam I II III pahrob B 3TOil POJlII Y MeHJI COBceM HeMHoro (I\Ba B nepbom c!ly'iae II OI\IIH BO BTOpOM) II OHH CBIII\eTe!lbcTBYlOT!lIILlIb 0 CO'leTaeMOCTH C nph'iacthbim nacciibom. Pe <jlepehtbi IV pahra Ol\lIHaKOBO '1aCTO (no 7 npel(jlo)((ehllii B K3lK.1\oil Ka TeropHH) no.hbjt.sliotc.sl B ponh arehthbhoro,llonojihehidi H C nphyact HbIM, H C B03BpaTHbIM nacciibom. npli 3TOM, Bce nplimepbi C B03BpaTHblM nacchbom BocnpHHHMafOTCR KaK rpammathyeckh HenpaBHJlbHhle. Bhlwe 6bl!lH nplibel\ehbi mltb 113 HIIX: (24B), (35), (38), (39) II (52B). HaH60!lee no!lho npel\ctab!lehbl pe.<jjepehtbi II pahra, C KOTOPbIMH 'lame CO'leTaeT CJI nph'iacthblii nacciib (38 nphmepob). 113 o6mero 411C!la 9 nplimepob C B03BpaTHblM nacciibom - 6 HerpaMMaTII'IeCKIIX, noi\!le)((amiimii KOTOPblX JIBJlJlIOTCJI pe<jlepehtbi TOro )((e II pahra. 113 HIIX BbILlIe 6blnH nphbel\ehbi TpH - (7), (8) H (23a). PaCXOI\JIIueCJI ouehkii OCTaBLlIHXCJI Tpex nphmepob C noi\!le)((aiuiimii IV pahra 06CYJK.1\a!IHCb BbILlIe - CM. aha!l1i3 nplimepob (30}-(32).

17 204 OJI2(f!V[;taOeIl06a EWIZajX'K1fll }{JbIK 1((1 nwmymu 0111 :JwlVc:a lieakl1ilfw/()c'o K "3(1.//o2y naccli6jfuhy 205 COOTHOllieHUH MelK,llY uepapxuhmh PU3UhlX YPOBHeil B Ta6J1ul\e noi\ HOMepoM (53) o6061l\ehhi Ha6moi\eHHJI Hai\ i\ahhbi MH JI3b1Ka THl<OHpaBoBcKoro i\amackllha. Bcero 3aCBHi\eTeJlbCTBOBaHO 7 KOM6HHal1HH napametpob OHTOJlOrH'-IecKOro ypobhji, JlMllih Y Oi\HOi! M3 KOTOPbIX ectb MJlJlIOCTpaUMM, HaxOi\JIIl\HeCJI C cobpemehhoi! TOqKH 3pe HWI Ha rpahh rpammathqhocth. Bo Bcex KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIx,l1;eHCTBH$lX KOHTPOJlb OCTaeTCJI 3a peljlepehtom, BbInOJlHJIIOIl\MM cemahtmqeckyjo POJlh i\ejitejlji (arehca). 3Ta POJlh 3aHHMaeT B npei\jio)l{emm n03hi1hio arehtmbhoro i\onojlhehmji, ecjlm OHa BbIpa)l{eHa 3KCnJlMUMTHO. Y npei\hkatob KOHTpOJlHpyeMoro i\ei!ctbhji HerpaMMaTHqeCKHi! B03BpaTHhIi! nacchb MO)f(eT 6blTb 3aMeHeH Ha rpammathyeckhh npwiacthbih nacchb. no OTHOllleHHIO K npei\hkatam HeKOHTpoJlHpyeMoro i\ei!ctbhji TaKoi! B03MO)f(HOCTH HeT: npou;eccyajibhbih nph'"mcthbih rracchb OT TaKHX npei\hkatob B COBpeMeHHOM H3bIKe He 06pa3yeTCJI. (53) 3aCBHi\eTeJlbCTBOBaHHbIe B THXoHpaBoBcKoM i\amackhhe TMnhI ctpa.natejibhblx npe,ivio)kehhh C B03BparHbiM rracchbom, 0603HaQalOUJ;HM cneuhijlh'-ieckyio CHryaI1HIO, H OueHKa HX rpammathqhocth B COOTBeTC TBHH C HopMaMH cobpemehhoro 60JlrapcKoro JlHTeparypHoro JI3bIKa I )KeHH5I THIT pecjlepeh- KOHTpDnHPYeMOCTb.uei1c TBJU[ Ta B n03hli,hh noajie)kalilero THIT ~ecjlepeh- Ta B n03humh arehthbhoro.llonojihehwi I (OHT) HMITJI. I (OHT) I (OH;:) HMITn. II (OHT) I (OHT) 3KITn. IV - II (OHT) IV (OHT) II (OHT) IV (OHT) (OHT) 3KrIJl. / HMnJr. - II (OHT) 3KITn. IV - I foht) 3KIlJT. IV - IfOHT) 3Knn. / HMnn. II (OHT) COBpeMeHHaJI MaTWlHOCTH TmT ITpelUlOoueHKa rpam- +/ TaK 4'1'0 )!{e O'fJlI1qaeT e,l:(l1hctbehhyio 60Jlce nphemjlemyio KOM6fIHa UHIO at lliecth HerpaMMaTWfeCKHX? 3TO - ei\hhctbehhbii! THfi npei\jlo )I{eHHJI, nph KOTOPOM pahr peq,epehta B n03hl1hh arehthbhoro i\ononhe HHJI BhIllie pahra peq,epehta B n03huhh noi\jie)l{all\ero. Bo Bcex i\pyrhx THllax llpe,lvio)l(ehwi pahr 3TI1X pe4>epehtob oj.(i1hakobbih, }i11h )f(e, Ha 060pOT, pahr pecjlepehta B n03hl1hh noi\jie)l{all\ero BbIllie. B MOi\enH rpammati,qeckoro 3aJJora MHpHaM Knei!MaH, noctpoeh HOM: Ha TMllOJIOfHqeCKHX llahhbix, noc1)'jihpobaha 3Ha t fhmoctb pacxo)f( i\ehhi! Me)l{)J.y HepapXHJIMH pa3hbix ypobhei! i\hate3bi. KaK 6hIJlO yno MSlH)'TO BblllIe, HMeIOTC5I Pa3JlH'-IHble npe,li,jio)l(ehuh HepapXMH cemahthqeckhx pojlei! H CHHTaKTMqeCKHX n03huhi!, K KOTOPbIM pa3hble abtopbi nphxo,l:(hnh Ha pa3hbix OCHOBaHHJIX (Croft 1990). TaK KaK i\jih Hac 3i\eCb Ba)f(HbJ JIHLUh cemahthqeckhe POJIH,o;e5ITeJI5I (arehca) H o6'bekta, H CHH TaKCH4eCKHe n03huhh noi\jie)l{ail\ero, npjimoro i\ononhehhji H arehthb Horo,Il,OnOJIl-IeHHR, MbJ MO)J(eM nphh5itb ynporu:ehhble BapmtHTbI 3THX HepapxHi!, npei\cta8j1ehhbie noi\ HOMepaMH (54) H (55). (54) HepapXHJI CeMaHTl1'feCKHX pojleii (CeMP) AreHc ahr (CeMP) 06beKT II ahr (CeMP) (55) l1epapxhji CHHTaKCWreCKHX n03hi1hi! (CHHn) fio.une)kamee I pahr (CHHD) IIp5IMoe.l1.0rrOnHeHHe II pahr (CHHD) AreHTI1BHOe,UononHeHHe III pahr (CHHl1) B TaKOM MI1HHMaJIbHOM 06'beMe, BapHaHTbl HepapXHH, npeajio)l{eh Hble pa3hbimh abtopamh, COBna,naIOT. KaK rroka3aho Ha,n;HarpaMMe noll HOMepOM (56), XapaKTePHaJI qepta ctpa)j.atejlbhoro 3aJJora COCTOHT B TOM, "ITO B HeM OTCYTCTBYeT napajjjlejlh3m Me)l{)J.y pahramh 3THX i\byx Hepapmi!, KOTOPbIi! Ha6J1IOi\aeTCJI B HCXOi\HOi! i\hate3e i\ei!ctbhtejlbhofo 3aJIora_

18 206 Ofl?a M.'IClOeff06U EOJl?apCKuii Ji3blK Na no.'iiiymu om 3WIOza lfeakmuflj-{020 K 3aR02Y naccub1fa~ty 207 (56) CooTHollleHHe cemahth4cckhx poneh C CI1HTaKCHlJeCKHMH rr03huhhmh,[(etictbhtejibhbih 3aJIor AreHC [pallr (CeMP) ilo.llj1e)kalll,ee [ pahr (CUHl1) 06beKT 1I pahr (CeMP) I1pHMoe,norrOJIHeHl1e 1I pahr (CHHIT) CTpa)laTellbHhIM 3aJ10r 06beKT II pahr (CeMP) TIoLlJle)KaUJ,ee [pallr (CHHD) AreHc [ pallr (CeMP) AreHTHBHoe,llOnOJIHeHJ1e III pahr (CHHIT) B cobpemellllom H3bIKe JlHlllb rrpellhkatbl KOHTpoJlHpyeMoro crreqhqmqeckoro liehctbhh, pahlkhpobka pe(jjepehtob KOTOPbIX COBrr3l\aeT C pahlkhpobkoh CeMaHTHqeCKHX pojleh, Bce ell\e MorYT BblpalKaTbCH B03 BpaTHblM nacchbom, Torlla KaK 11M npellhkatob KOHTpOJlHpyeMoro crre QHqmqeCKoro liehctblih, BblpalKeHHblX rrphqacthblm nacchbom pahlkh: POBKa pe<i>epehtob He HMeeT 3HaQeHH5I. HHbIMH CJIOSaMH, B03BpaTHblH nacchb HBJlReTCH MapKHpOBaHHhlM qjlehom orrn03huhh no cpabhehhio C nphtiacthbim nacchbom. KaK lke BrrHChlBaIOTCR B 3TY KapTHHY 3aKOHOMepHOCTH 06pa30BaHHl! CTp3l\aTeJlbHOrO 3anora OT rrpellhkatob C peq,epehtamh III pahra? 11Me IOLL\He 3HaqeHHe KOM6HHaQHH rrpellctabjlehbl B TaMHue rroil HOMepoM (57). (57) CTp3l\aTeJlhHblH 3anor rrpellhkatob crreuh(jjhqeckoro liehctbhh, yqacthhkamh KOTOporo RBJlHIOTCH pe(jjepehtbl III pahra THn KOHTpOJlHpye- THn peq,epehta B Tun peq,epehta B npe.ll,jlo)kehh5i MQCTI,.neHcTBlul n03huhh no.l(jie)f(a n03huhh arehthbluero HOro )lonollhehidl 1 - JIll (OHT) III (OHT) 2 - IV (OHT) III (OHT) 3 - III (OIlT) III (OIlT) 4 + [J] (OIlT) 1111 (OHT) 5 - III (OHT) IV (OHT) B MoeM pacn0j10)kehhh HMee-rCH O,U.HO npep;no)kehhe nepsom Tl1n~ C pe3yjlhtathbhblm nphqacthblm rracchbom: OHO UHTHPYeTCR B IIPyroH CB»3H n. I)apaKoBOH, CM. (58a). COCTaBJleHHOe MHOH npell)10lkehfle (59a) noka3bibaet, t..{to B n03hllhh no.lj,ne)kalllero MQ)l(eT 6hlTb npe,n.cnlbjieh Ii pe(jjepeht I pahra. Mo.nH(jJMKaUHH (586) M (596) 3TfIX npe.qjlolkehflh C B03BpaTHblM nacchbom rpammati {1.JeCKH HenpaSHnhHbI. (58) a. Ho CJ1yqH ce TaKa, qe nbpbopoilhfi~t CHH 6eme CmbnlWIlH YM"pmfJell OT eahh nompbkji»j1 6f1K. (I)apaKOBa 1980: AH IIpeH ryjlhlllkm) 6. *Ho cnylfh ce TaKa, Lfe n'bpsopo.lj,hnslt CHH ce cmbnka H YM"pm6U OT ellhh noll\pbkj1rji 6HK. (59) a. B TOBa pahho YTpo 3a nbpbh - HO He H 3a noc!leaeh _ nbt 6ax Y:JICWleH OT oca. 6. *B TOBa pahho YTPO 3a nbpbfi - HO He fi 3a nocjlelleh _ nbt ce y.jicwlux OT oca. nonhltkfi HaiiTH B HHTepHeTe npell)10lkehhh C HPKO BblpalKeHHoii npoueccyanbhocthio ycnexom He YBeHqanflCb. Pe'Ib fillet 0 npell)10lke H"~X noll06hblx COCTaBJleHHblM MHOH, CM. (60). (60) a. MarapeTo fl3bellhblk pfltha Orp3l\aTaiKY4eTO/oB4apH. 6. *fubeahb)l( orp3l\ataiky4em/ob4ap~t ce pumlla OT Marapem. B.??113BeIlHb)l( Orp3l\aTaiKY'leTO/oBqapRT 6e pumllama/pumllamo/pumnam OT Marapero. 3aTO B HHTepHeTe XOPOlllO npellctabjlehbi HeKoHTpoJlHpyeMble HecneUfl(jJHqeCKMe.neHcTBHR C pe(jjepehtom III pahra B POJIH lie»tem. ITPHBellY OllflH npflmep - COCTO~HflR - CM. (62). (61). 11MeIOTcH H npfl'lacthble KOHCTPYKl1HfI (61) Ha 15 rollflh" pbqere Tfl ca C Ma30J1H KaTO KOnfITa Ha KOH, ama Beqe He TH nyka moto Ma30J1f1re He 60Jl~T, 3a pa3!1hka OT MexypHTe rrpe.lj,h THX. XanaH CU OT CHLfKHTe 3M»H,,1J;eT ce cpemat HaOI<OJIO, OT CKopnHOH, KyqeTa, KOTKH, puman cu OT KOH, mbl'l Kan cu OT KpaBa, 6e... K'bCMeT. (62) MblK fi lkeha ca Ha BH!laTa CH. MblKbT ce 3aHflMaBa C nqe JlapCTBo. ITo HRKoe BpeMe OTHBa npfl lkeha CfI, lkectflkyjlhpa, MbqH ce OT 60JlKa - Y:JICWlell e OT nqe!la no e3f1ka.

19 208 01l2Q MlIQOeJl06Q I-haK, pe3yjibtatbi no marojiam pumat1, (c)mont/a, xanr, Y:JICUJl51 He COBceM HAeHTll'lHbl C nphbeaehhblmm BhlUIe pe3ynbtatamh no marony CbllY6aM. llplf'facthhlh nacchb OT maronob HeKOHTponHpyeMoro AeHC TBIiJI 60nee nphemllem C pe<jjepehtamm III pahra B POllM AeJiTellJl, 'lem C pe<jjepehtamh II pahra S TOH >Ke POllH, ecjih CYAHTb no nphmepam THna (47s), (58a), (59a) H (60s). KaK CSMAeTeJ1hCTByeT npmmep (63), B npeallo>kehhjlx 'letbeptoro TMna, nok8.3ahhoro B Ta6nHQe (57), Bc-rpeQaeTC5I npwiacthblh: nacchb. ECJIH npeahkat 0603Ha'laeT CHryal\MlO HeCnel\M<jJH'lecrylO MllM Ha rpahh Cnel\Il<jJM'lHOCTM H HeCnel\H<jJH'lHOCTIl, CM. (64) B HHX B03MO>KeH H B03 BpaTHhlH naccilb. (63) Me'lKaTa C npjlkop EpYHO, 061lTaBalI\a IlTallHaHCKllTe H abc TPHl1CKIiTe qacth Ha.A1In:~iTe, e HaXJIyna B repmahidl, Kb)leTO e 6una 3aCmpellRlla OT HeMCKH JIOBeu MHHaJIaTa cellmhua. (64) a. Or TJlX ce npabjit TpM BeHel\a: 3a OBl\aTa, KOJITO Ufe ce U3 OOU ITbpBa, 3a arreto. KoeTO me 6'bAe Aa,u.eHO B.n.ap Ha cbeteu.a, Il 3a CbAa C MllllKOTO. 6. PH6aTa ClleA KaTO ce YJl06U, ce BpblI\a OTHOBO B e3epoto. TaKHM 06Pa30M, S 3TOH n03ml\hil pe<jjepehtbl III pama KaK 6YA TO npmpashmbalotcll K pe<jjepehtam IV pahra. 3T1l AaHHhle n03bolllllot npeactabmtb AllarpaMMY (346) B 06061I\eHHOM BHAe TaKe (65),[(HCTPH6Yl\HJI AByx TMnos naccmba cpeam npeahkatob Cnel\H<jJM'leCKoro KOHTpOllllpyeMoro AeHCTBllll IIpll'laeTHhlH (H?B03BPaTHbIH) naeellb Pe<jJepeHT III-IV pahrob Pe<jJepeHT I-II pahrob [-Ctr!) [+Ctr!) OGbeKr AreHc llo/l.llelkamee (AreHTllBHoe AOnOJIHeHHe) 06HapY"'HTh npeallo>kehiiji njitoro Tllna, KOTOphlH noka3ah B Ta6 IlHl\e (57), TaKIlX KaK COCTaSlleHHble MHOH noa HOMepOM (66), S HHTep HeTe MHe He YAallOCb. TeM He MeHee, rpammath'lhoctb (66s) n03bollllet 3aKlllO'lHTb, 'ITO KorAa npeahkatbl 0603HaQalOT HeKOHTpollHpyeMoe E0i7ZapCKltU Jl3blK fig nofll1ymu om 3aJI02a ueakfllu6h020 K 3a.JlOzy naccligiiqmy 209 )],emctbhe H,neJlTeJIb - Heo,n:yll1eBJ1CHHbIH npe.ll.met, pecpepehthllii pahra B POIlH noalle>kali\ero nph6llh>kalotcl! K pe<jjepehtam I H II pahrob. (66) a. JIasHHaTa 3ampyna ABeTe KpasH npea O'lHTe Ha M3f11laWe HlfTe CKHOpH. 6. *,[(BeTe KpaSH ce 3ampynaxa OT llashhata npea O'lHTe Ha M3nllaweHHTe CKHOpM. B.,[(SeTe KpaSM 6RXa 3ampynallu OT llabhhata npe)l O'lHTe Ha H3f11laWeHHTe CKHOpH. (67) TaKHM 06Pa30M, AHarpaMMy (496) MO>KHO yto'lhhtb TaK:,[(HCTPH6Yl\Hll )lbyx THnOB naccmba cpeah npeahkatob Cnel\H<jJIl'leCKOrO HeKOHTpOllHpyeMoro AeHcTBIlJl nphl.facthhlti nacchb DpHl.faCTHhIH nacchb?tipwiacthllil nacchb (H?so3spaTHhIl1) nacchb Pe epcht Pe~epeHT Pc epeht Pe epeht Pe<fJepeHT Peq,epeHT 1 11 pahrod IV panra III pahra IV pahra I-II pahfob 111 pahra [-Ctr!) [-Ctr!) [-Ctrl) [-Ctr!] r-ctrl] [-Ctrl) OfueKT AreHc OfueKT AreHc OfueKT AreHc no.n,ne}!{a (AreHTHB DO.llne}!{a (AreHTHB I1o,n,ne)f(a (AreHTHs mee Hoe.!lonon mee Hoe.n,onOfl mcc Hoe )lonoji- HCHHe) HeHMe) HeHHC) 3TH BblBOAbl noatbeplk.1\alot CaMOCTOllTellbHOCTb OHTOllOrH'leCKOH KaTeropHH III pahra H 3Ha'lMMOCTb nohlltmll KOHTpollHpyeMocTH AeHc TBHJI AllJl ahallh3a 60llrapcKoro 3allOra. BhlTeClIeHHe B03BpaTHoro nacchba npuifacthhim nacchbom ""K nphmep MapKHpoBaHHoH HHHOBallHH B npeablt\yli\em M3nOlKeHMM 6blllO ABa noboaa OTMeTHTb KaK COOT HOCJlTCl! B03BpaTHbIH H nph'lacthbih naccmb C TO'lKH 3peHIiJI napametpa MapKHpOSaHHOCTH, nph'lem AllJl Onpe)lelleHHll KaKOH H3 )lbyx 'lj1ehob Onn03Hl\HH MapKHpOBaH H KaKOH HeMapKHposaH II OnHpallaCb Ha nohll THe MapKHpOBaHHOCTH comacho onpeaellehhlo,. npeallo>kehhomy XeH HHHroM AHt(epceHoM (Andersen 200I a; 200I b). KaK noka3aho Ha cxeme (68), nphseaehhoh no pa60te Andersen 2001b: 45, OTHOWeHHe noa'lh

20 210 OJIZG!vfJlaoe/IOBQ EOllZapCf{1Jii Jl3blK }fa f1wmymu om 3WfOza lieakmu K 3(lJfOZY nacc1i61tally 211 HeHHOCTI1 MapKHpOBaHHoro LlJlel'la onno3hu.hh HeMapKHpOBaHHOMY, a TalOKe ero BKJIlO'leHHOCTb B HeMapKllpOBaHHbIH 'IJIeH CJIenyeT C'IIITaTb HCXO,UHbIMH, TOf,ll.a KaK AX npothbonoctasjiehhe, B03HHKwee Ha 3TOH oe HOBe, - BTOPII'IHO. (68) OrnomeHlle MapKllpoBaHHoro II HeMapIillpoBaHHoro '1JIeHOB Onn0311QHII '-''''"'''"'''218 1 father 'oteli' _ mother'matb' 5 MapKHpOBaHHbIH 'IJIeH Onn03I1QIIH mother Bcer,l\a 0603Ha'laeT po }J,HTeJUI )KeHcKoro n011a, Tor,n;a KaK HeMapKHpoBaHHbIH 1ffieHfather MO)KeT Ha HHlKHeH crynehh KJIaCcwjll1KaQIIH 0603Ha'laTb po,l\htejiji M)'lKCKOro nona HnH Ha BblcrneH crynehh KJIaCcm:pHKaLl,HH 0603HaQaTb po,ll.htejul Bo06me, 6e3 yro'lhehhji nojia. limehho n03tomy Ha ero OCHOBe II Momo B03HHKH)'Tb CJIOBO forefathers,l\jiji 0603Ha'leHHJI npe,l\kob. ~ Ha OCHOBaHMH <paicrob, OTHOC.sn.UMXC51 KO seem ypobidlm Sl3hlKOBOH CTPYKTYpbI, a TalOKe K oprahh3aqhh TeKCTa H,l\ame PHTYaJIa, AH,l\epceH nocryjihpyet AeiicTBHe KaK Ha CHHXPOHHOM, TaK H Ha )l.haxpohhom ypobhe TaK HroblBaeMoro npuhlfuna C0211aC06aHWl Ha ocl/oee MapKUpo 60lmocmu (Principle of Markedness Agreement). ComacHo 3TOMY nph HQllny CTpYKTYpa Jl3blKa H TeKCTa, a TalOKe JIHHrBHCTH'IeCKaJl 3BOJIIOQHJI OCHOBaHbI Ha romorehhblx, C TOt.{KM 3peHH.Sl MapKHposaHHOCTM, u;enol.j Kax prohopoi\hblx JlBneHHM (Andersen 2001b: 30).,LVIJI Hac 31\eCb BameH,D.HaxPOHHbIH. acrrekt 3Toro nojiq)kehh.si. ~ JJ:anee, AHl\epceH nphhhmaet, 'ITO CJIellYeT, B pyc~e Hl\eH Kome PH)' If TIfM6epJIeHKa, OTJIH'IaTb 2PaMMamU~ecKYIO cucmemy Jl3blKa (base grammar) KaK CHCTeMY B03MOlKHocTeM, OXBaThIBaIO~YIO li,l\eajibhble q,opmhl peanh3au.hh S13blKa, TO ectb 3TaJlOHbI H3bIKOBOH.n;eSlTeJIbHOCTH, OT IWPM ynompe6jlel/uji (usage rules), OTpamalOmllX TPaAHQHIO TOro, KaK nphhjlto robophtb B 06mecTBe. 5l3blKOBaJI 3BOJIIOl.\HJI MOlKeT BKJIIO '1aTb B ce6j1 KaK H3MeHeHHJI rpammatii'ieckom CHCTeMbl, TaK H HOpM yno Tpe6neHIDl. BHyrpeHHe MOTHBHpoBaHHaH HHHOBaLl,HSI, B03HHKaIOll.I,8.5l B JIOHe rpammath4eckoh chctembl, HeMapKHpoBaHa no OTHoweHHlO K OCHOBononaralOmHM nphhqhnam 3TOH rpammatl1yeckoh CI1CTeMbl. B COOTBeTCTBHH C rrphhij;hitom COfnaCOBaHWI Ha achobe MapKHpOBaHHOCw Til, HeMapKllpOBaHHaJI HHHOBaljlfJl Ha'lHHaeT CBOe pacnpoctpahehhe C HeMapKHpOBaHHbIX KOHTeKCTOB H TOnbKO BITOCne,ll,CTBHH OXBaTbIBaer H MapKHpOBaHHbIe KOHTeKCTbI. Hao6opOT, HHHOBau,llil, nphbhecehhaji H3 BHe H MOTHBHpOBaHHruI nparmath1..feckh, MapKHpOBaHa C TOl.fKH 3peHHSI rpammath'ieckom CIfCTeMbl. OHa MOI\H<PIII.\HPYeT liopmbl ynotpe6nehi1j1, '1T06bI nplfbecth HX B COOTBeTCTBHe C HHOJl3blYHOH MOl\eJIblO (HnH MOl\eJIblO, KOTOPaJI B xony Y KaKOM-TO I\OCTOHHOM no,l\pamahhji rpynnbl HOCIfTeJIeH Jl3blKa), Ha'lllHaJI CBoe pacrrpoctpahehlle C MapKHpOBaHHblX KOHTeKCTOB, cambix 3aMeTHbIX, 6pocalOmHXCJI B rjiaja. ITo Mepe TOro KaK TaKaH HHHOBaUllSl pacrrpoct)jaidjetch Bce llihpe Ii lllhpe, ou,ehka ee Map KHpOBaHHOCTH cpeah OT,l\eJIbHbIX rpynn HaCeJIeHHJI IfJIH HOBoro nokojie HHR HocHTeneH R3bIKa MO)l{eT H3MeHHTbCR Ha npothbonojioikhyio, 1.fTO,l\aCT em B03MOlKHOCTh 3aHJlTb H HeMapKHpoBaHHble n0311qhii, pahee em Hel\OcrynHbre (Andersen 2001b: 33-34; 2001a: j. MapKHpoBaHHble IIHHOBaQHII rrpel\ctabjijliot OC06blM HHTepec,l\JIJI 6anKaHcKHx Jl3bIKOB, KOHBepreHTHoe probhthe KOTOPbIX JlBJIJleTCJI IIX nponyktom. B I\pyroM pa60te JI YTBeplK,llalO, 'ITO,l\Ba 3HaMeHHTblX 6aJIKaHH3Ma, YTeplO rraaelkeh H nojlbjiehhe aptiikjiji, cne,l\yet C'IIfTaTb HeMapKHpOBaHHblMH IIHHOBaQHJlMII 60JIrapcKoro Jl3bIKa (Mladenova 2009b). Ha060pOT, crroc06b1 BblpameHHJI 60nrapCI<Oro CTpa,l\aTenbHoro 3aJIOra, KOTOpble TOlKe YlKe paccmatphbajihch B 6aJIKaHCKOM KOHTeKCTe (Assenova 2000; Assenova, GuentcMva 2008), MeHJlJIIICb co BpeMeHeM B pamkax,lijihtejibhoh MapKHpoBaHHoH HHHOBaI.\IIH. Ha npotjllkehiih HCTOPHII 60JIrapcKoro ~3blKa OQeHKa MapKllpoBaHHocTH I\Byx cnoc060b BblpameHwl CTPaAaTeJIbHoro 3anora (B03BpaTHbIM II rrpll4acthblh nac CHB) He 6blJla KOHCTaHTOH, OHa MeHJlJIaCb. KaK 6blJIO noka3aho BbIllIe, B COBpeMeHHOM Jl3b1Ke MapKHpOBaHHhIM l.uiehom onrro3hu,hh BbicrynaeT B03BpaTHbIH naccifb, TOrl\a KaK B XVII B. B POJIIf MapKHpoBaHHoro Y!IeHa onn03hqhh 6blJl nphqacthblh nacchb. JJ:anee, KaK BblJICHHJIOCb, Bbl60p MelKJlY I\BYMJI <popmamh rracciiba 3aBHCHT OT: (a) KJIaCCH<pHKaQHH 0603HayaeMOH npel\hkatom chryaqi1h, KaK Crrel.\lI<pHyeCKOM, HeCneQH<pHyeCKOH H!IH reheph'ieckom; (6) KJIaCCH

21 212 OJf2(1 NL'lGoe!lo(Ja HO.H?apCKUii JI:Jb/l,' }{a noj/f1ymu om 3a.r/Ozo fleakmlfgfl020 K :JWIOZY nacc1f(lliomy 213 cphkauhh 0603Hal-IaCMOrO npe.l1.hkatom ),leactbh.sl, KaK KOHTpOJIHpyeMoro HiUl HeKOHTpoiUlpyeMoro; H (B) np"h3,!uielkhoct" Y'laCTHIIKOB 0603Ha'laeMoil npeahkatom chryal\hii K OAHOMY H3 '1eThIpeX pahrob OHTOJIOrH'Iec KOH liepapxhii. HaAO 06paTHTh BHHMaHlle, 'ITO Bce!jJaKTOphI, BJIH~lOlI\lIe Ha BhI60p!jJOpMhI nacchba, OTHOC~TC~ K KOrHHTHBHOMY ypobhio (a He K CeMaHTHLJeCKOMY U11M CHHTaKCHQecKOMY). Ta6JIHl\a noa HOMepoM (69) o6061i\aet BhIBOAbI OTHOCHTeJIhHO COBpeMeHHoli AHCTPH6Yl\HH AByx "'OPM CTpa.L(aTeJIhHoro 3aJIora B npeajio )KeHII~X C npeahkatamii cnel\li!jjllqeckoro AeHCTB~. EhlJlII 06HapYlKeHhI cemb KOH!jJHrypal\Hli, AonycKalOlI\He pa3hbie Ha60pbI!jJ0PM nacchba H MeqalOT TeppHTOpHIO MaKCIIMaJIhHOro pacnpoctpahehh~ 06pa3ylOIllHe II1KaJIY. Ha OAHOM ee KOHl\e KOH!jJllfYPl\HH Al II A2 OT CTpaAaTeJIb HOro 3aJIOra B o6ewx ero!jjopmax, a Ha ApyroM ee KOHl\e pacnojiolkehbi KOH!jJllrypal\HH n H f2, B KOTOPbIX CTpaAaTeJIbHhIH 3aJIor Boo61I\e He 06Pa3YeTCH. HaxOA~lI\HeC~ nocepeahhe II1KaJIbI KOH!jJHrypaI.\HH E1, E2 H B I ~BrrHIOTC~ TeppHTOpHeH IICKJIIO'IHTerrhHoro pacnpoctpahehii~ nph 4acTHoro nacchba. KaK BHAHO, B03BpaTHbIH nacellb Bee elll,e (qacthqho) ynotpe6ji~etch rrhli1b Ha JIeBOM KOHl.\e II1KaJIhI, TorAa KaK nphqacthbih nacciib norrhoctblo OTCYTCTByeT JIHIllb B KOH!jJllrypaI.\H~X Ha camom npa BOM ee KOHue. I (69) ~IICTPIl6Yl\I1H B03BpaTHoro H nph'iacthoro nacchbob B npeajiolkehh~x C npeahkatamii Cnel.\HqlHqeCKOrO AelicTBHH cobpemehhoe COCTOHHlle KOH'~H1J'paUH' A '?+Bo3BparHhIH +nph'iacthblh II I (COMP) (CeMP) Ill/IV 1/11 (OHT) (OHT) [ Ctrl] [+Ctrl] 2 I/ll (OHT) [-Ctrl] IV (OHT) [-Ctrl] KOH4ll1rypaUHH E -Bo3spaTHblH +npl1'i8cthbih II (COMP) l!ll (OHT) [-Ctrl] III (OHT) [ Clrl] I (CeMP) 1/11 (OHT) [+Ctrl] IV (OHT) [-Ctrl] KOH<jmrypaUH. B -Bo3BpaTHbIH?+npHQaCTHbIH II (CeMP) l!ll/llli IV (OHT) [-Ctrl] I (CeMP) III (OIlT) [-Ctcl] KOH'imrypauHR r -Bo3BpaTHbIH -nph'iacthhih II I (CeMP) (CeMP) l/ll/llli 1111 IV (OHT) (OHT) [-Ctrl] [-Ctrl] IV IV (OHT) (OIlT) [-Ctrl] [-Ctrl] Ha cxeme (70) npe):{ctabneha Mo):{eJIb 3BonlOQHH 6onrapcKoro CTpaAaTenbHoro 3aJIOra. OHa 6epeT 3a IICXOAHoe COCTOHHHe AonHCb MeHHOH. 3ITOXH C HeaKTHBHblM 3aJTOrOM, BblpIDKem-IbIM B03BpaTHbTMH!jJopMaMH rrraronob H cnoc06hbim (B HeKOTopOH CTeneHII) 0603Ha'laTh H CTpaAaTeJIhHbIli 3aJIor. KpOMe 3TOro HMeJIHCb CTpaAaTeJIhHbIe nphqac TH.sI HaCTOHllJ,erO Ii nporne,lj,lliero BpeMeHH, KOTophIe B KOHCTpYKLJ;I:UIX C!jJopMaMH rrrarojia '6bITb' 0603Ha'laJIH COCTOHHHe. KaK rrlo6oli pa3ro BOPHblH H3bIK, cnabhhckhh.si3blk 60JIrap TOro BpeMeHH He HCrrOJIb30 Barr WllPOKO CTpallaTerrhHbIH 3arror. KllpllrrrrO-Me!jJOAHeBCKlle nepeboahi 6bICTPO H3MeHHJIH 3TO nojiolkehhe. ~~ TOro 4T06bI aaekbatho nepe BeCTII rrhrypmqeckhe TeKCTbI, 6blJl He06xo):{HM 60rree Pa3BHTOH CTpalIaTerrbHbIH 3aJIOr, cnoco6hbih!jjyhki.\1i0hhpobatb BO BceX rrrarorrbhblx BpeMeHax. ITo MOAeJIH rpe4eckoro JI~bIKa nph'lactfihie KOHCTPYKI.\HH CTaJIII ynotpe6j1~thc~ B ahajihth4eckhx rrrarojibhbix BpeMeHax C npol.\eccyarrbhbim 3HaqeHHeM. YnoTpe6JIeHHe nph'iacthbix KOHCTPYKI.\Hli B camom rpe'leckom H3bIKe OTHOCHT ewe K ApeBHerpeqeCKOMY nephoay: ahajihth1.feckhe KOHCTpyK~HH rrohbhj1hcb B arrw-ieckom,lj.l1ajiekte B 3 rr. MH. q. nep!jjekta H nrrlockbamnepq,ekta HHAIIKaTHBa, a TaKlKe Bcex JIHL{ KOHbIOHKTHBa 11 OITTaTHBa Y fnaronob C OCHOBOH Ha COfnaCHbIH. (ITepeJIbMYTep 1974: 122) B03MOlKHO, B KHpHJIJIO-Me"'OAHeBcKHx nepeboaax B03BpaTHbIH nacchb TaKlKe pacii1hphrr CBoe ynotpe6jiehhe II CTan nwibjhithcsi B pahee HenpHBI:.ILfHbIX BpeMeHax. Ha cneayiolli,eh CTaAIIII, KOTOpylO, MOlKeT 6bITh, MOlKHO OTHeCTH K cpeahe6ojirapckomy nephoay, npoh30wjia pellhtepnpetal.\iih 3TOro cynnjiethbhoro ctpaaa TeJIbHOro 3a11ora. Ha nepbbih ITnaH BbIlllJIH onn03hi.j;hl1 rehephlfhoctl1/ CneI.\H!jJHqHOCTH. BbIrrrHAerro TaK, 6YATO B ~3hIKe ectb ABe napajijierrb HbIe!jJOPMbI CTpaAaTeJIbHoro 3aJIOra, KOTopbIe OAHHaKOBO nphroahbi ArrH 0603Ha'leHH" reheph4eckiix, HeCnel.\lI!jJllqeCKHX II cnel\h<jmqec KHX chryal.\hh. Co BpeMeHeM 3TH "'OPMhI CTaJIH CneI.\HaJIH3HpOBaTbCH. Ko BpeMeHH rrojibnehiul pahhhx HOBo6onrapCKHX TeKeTOB npw-iacthllh nacchb nepectaji ynotpe6rrhtbc~ B reheph'ieckiix cllryai.\h~x. B03 spathbih rracellb TO)l(e Ha1.faJT OTXO,I:tHTb DT cneu;wtmtjeckoro cermehta. CTaTIICTIIKa noka3bibae1; qto C pe!jjepehtamh I pahra B cemahth'ieckoli POJIH 06beKTa, abtopbi HOB060JIrapCKOro nepeboaa AaMacKHHoB, npeanoqhtajih ynotpe6rr~tb nph4acthbili nacchb. Ha nocrreaheli, nrtoli

22 214 O/Iea MJlGoclloau CTa,LI;l1H :3TOH 3BOllK>UHH MbI MmKeM HaHTH B03BpaTHbIM nacchb JIHlllh TorAa, KorAa ectb pe3khh nepenaa B pahrax Y'laCTHHKOB 0603Ha'leHHOH npel\hkatom CHl)'aL\HH. KaK BI1I\HO, nepbblmh notep~llh cnoco6hoctb CO'leTaTbCJI C B03BpaTHbiM nacchbom pecpepehtbl camoro BblCOKOro pahra H nocllel\hhmh - pecpepehtbl camoro HI13Kora pahra. ECllH pe epehtbi, BbInOJIH.HIQll1.He a6e cemahtmgeckhe pom1, - BbfCOKoro pah~ ra, TO OHM TepHIOT cnoco6hocth C01..feTaTbCH C B03spaTHbIM rracchbom pahbliie, LJeM ecjlh O)J,Ha H3 pojieh BbIOOllHSleTC5I pecpepehtom 60nee HH3KOro pahra. Ha 3TOH CTaIIl1H pa60tbi y MeHJI HeT l\ahhblx n03boll~ioll.\hx 3aKllIO 4HTb B KaKOM nop~i\ke nph'iacthbih nacchb Yl\aJ1JIJICJI M3 reheph4eckoro cermehta.113bectho TOJlbKO, 'ITO nph'iacthbih nacchb AOJIJKeH 6blll 6blTb Ha TOM. CT3)J,HH MapKHpOBaHHbIM ~mehom Orrn03HLJ,IUI. B COOTBeTCTBHH C nphhl\lmom comacobahhh Ha OCHOBe MapKHpOBaHHOCTH, CJIei\YeT npeanojio)khtb, LITO nepbbfmh 6bIJlH 3aTPoHYTbJ MapKHpOBaHHbIe CHryaU.HH. Ha OCHOBaHHH JKe Ha6lllOAeHHH Hall npol\eccamh HOB060JIrapcKoro nepho.lla, MO)f(HO npe,o;itojiq)khtb, 1..fTO Ii TOf)J,a, KaK H ceii1..fac, MapKHposaH HblMH 6b1JIH peq,epehtbl Bblclllero pahra. B03HHKaeT Bonpoc, ectb JIH He3aBHCHMble OT 3TOro npoj.\ecca OC HOBaHH. C4HTaTb peq,epehtbi BblClllHX pahrob MapKHpOBaHHblMH no cpabhehhio C pecppehtamh HH3111HX pahrab? B nepboh '1eTBepTH XX B. rewtanbt-itchxojiorhsi BBena noh.hti1h qmrypbi Ii cpoha, KOTOPhIe Me)f( i\ybpemehho 6blJlH nphhjltbi Ha BOOpYlKeHHe B KOrHHTHBHOH JIHHrBHC THKe. OTHOlIleHHe q,hrypa/q,oh npel\ctabjihet C060H oprahh3aj.\hohhyio TeHAeHI.\HIO BOCnpHJlTHH. Ha6nlOAa. 3a OKpYJKalOLL\HM Ml1pOM, '1eJIOBeK B KaJKl\OH Ha6JIIOAaeMOH CI.\eHe BbiAeJIHeT q,hrypy H3 q,oha. KaK TOJIbKO 3TO npohcxoaht, '1eJIOBeK YlKe COCpeAOTaQHBaeTCH Ha q,l1rype, a He Ha q,ohe. JII060H paccka3 0 Ha6JIIOAaeMOH CL\eHe 6YAeT B 60JIbllleH CTene HH 0 q,hrype, '1eM 0 q,ohe. O'leBHAHO, 'ITO, comacho onpeaejiehhio AH AepceHa, q,hrypa MapKHpOBaHa no OTHOllleHl11O K q,0hy. OAYllleBJIeHHble npeametbl (H oc06ehho JIIOAH) ny'lllle nphcnoc06jiehbi K POJIH q,hrypbl, '1eM HeOAYllleBneHHble npeametbl. lllahcbl 6blTb q,hrypoh Y peq,epehtob '1eTblpeX Kll3CCOB OHTOJIOrH'IeCKOH HepapXHH y6bib31ot no Mepe YMeHbllIeHIDI HX pahra. C KOrHHTHBHoi1: TOLIKH 3peHlUI He B03HHKaeT COMHeHUH, 'ITO KOHTeKCThl, C KOTOPblX HalfHHaJOTCfl H3MeHeHHJI B cpopmax ctpa.na- HOJlzapCKui; Jl3bll( IIG nq!li7 ryljlu om 3QJIOZa IleaKlnU6lfU2'O K 3(IJ/O'. ' <-./ nacc1i6lfmry 215 TeJ1bHOro 3arIOra, RBJUIIOTCR MapKH obahhblmh OT MapKHpOB3HHOH HHHOBaI1HH. p, 'ITO H clleayet OJKHi\aTb (70) MOAeJIb 3BOlllOI.\HH 60llrapcKoro CTPall areflbhoro 3aJIOra 1.,QoflHcbMeHHWI CTa.llIDI: HC8KTHBHLlH 3!U[or 2. IX B. KHPl1JIJlO~ Me<}lO.ll:J.feBCrndf nepebo).1 JlHTyprH':It:cKHX TeKCTOB: BHe.1I.peHHe HHHOsallH"- CynnneTHBHblH "', ct'pal1.atclibhb[h JaJIor 3. PeHilTepnperaUHJI KHpHJlnO-Meq,OtlHeBCJ(Qij HHHoBau~m 4. COCrmJHHe HR XVII s.: IIepBoe nocnej(ctdhc pehlnepnpe-r3l.vih 5. COCTo.llHHe H3 XX-XXI BB.: Bropoe nocjle,ll,ctbhe pehhtepnperauhh ~1 117 ~8 (li,) ~{.} -J, : - cpy"klmh HeaKTHBHoro Jalora, RMpa)f{aeMOro 03BpaTHIJ~ rnarojlom (noxajahli He Bee lpyhkuirn) 0_ nph"lacthhle KOHCTpYK1lHH, 0603Ha'f81OUme COCTO.slHHe "', ''''. 0 e_e "':(D. j e HecTp8llaTeJIbHbie Q>YHKUI1H B03BparHbiX <po M (noka3ahb] He Bce CPYHKlI"H) - B03npaTIlb.lC BH,Il,O-Bpe.\tCIIJ:lbIC <PopMW. co CTpa,n.areJlbHblM 3HaQeHHCM o -1lH.!IO-BpeMeHHble q,opmbl ahajlhthljeckhx H lip ljacthblx KOHCTpYKllHH co C'fpan,aTenbHbIM 3H8lJeHHeM C~TYa4~~ rehep. Hecne4'1 Cne4~ ~~~~~~~~~~8 ; t t ' CHTya4'1M rehep. Hecn84". Cn84". ~~~~n~~:b ~-----t----hn-_-t-_h-t CMTYa4'1~ rehep. HeCne4'1. Cne4~ B03Bp. nacci'ib ~-----l t-.. npl'l4.naccvib P i: II 'I I,

23 216 O)I2Q M}woelloeQ l(!1t!1pobahhajl JIHTEPATYPA HOJIC!apCKui'i }l3b1k Ira f/ojlflymu om 3WIOza UeaKmU6I1020 K 3W/o2Y nacc1l6lwuy 217 XOll0i10BHq, A. A. (OTB. pell.) TunOHo2Wl nacc1i6hbix KOHcmpYK~uu.,l(uame3bl U 3aJl02U. JIemmrpa.n.: HayKa. AJIeKCeeB, A. A KHPHJlJIO-Meq,OJ.l.HeBCKOe nepebo.uqeckoe H3ClIe)lHe Andersen, H. 200 I a. Actualization and the (Uni)directionality of Change. Hero HcropWIeCKl1e CYJ.l.b6bI (ilepeso,llbi CB. IIHc3HHJI B Crr3B5Il-ICKOH. nhcbmeh Hocm). B: KOCTlOlllKO, , B bJIlHeB, K. B. qhctob,.ii. H. manob [n Andersen, H. (ed.) Actualization. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins H B. M. fallak (pell.) HcmopWl, K)lRbmypa, 3mHo2patjJufl UrjJORbKROP Cllaf3JlIICKUX HOp0006. X Me:JICOYHOPOOllblU COe30 CllaeucmOB. COtjJUR, cehmfl6pb 1988 G. J{o Andersen, H b. Markedness and the Theory of Linguistic Change. In KRaobl coeemckou OeJIe2a~uu. MOCKBa: HaYKa Andersen, H. (ed.) Actualization. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. AH.llpeiil.fHH, aJIOIbT B 6bJIrapCKaTa marojih3 CHCTeM3. E'b.Jlzap CKU e3uk 6/2: liapakob3, TeMIIoparrHH oco6ehoctm H3 npwjactho-nachbhi1te <jlopmii B6'hllrapCKllJI KHHJKOBeH e311k. E'bR2apCKU e3uk 28/4: liapakob3, n CeMaHTHKa Ii /ll1ctpl16yij.j?l Ha naci1bhhte KOHCTPYK Ul1l1 B cbbpemehhidi 6b.nrapcKH KHlDKOBeH e3hk. 1136eCmUJl 110 lfhcmumyma 3a 6on2apcKu f!3uk 24: ,l(eMHH3, E. If TuxoHpaao6cKUlI oclmackuh. EOJlZapCKUu namhmllw< XVII e.!1ccjleoobahue U mekcm. rt"acmb II. llaneozpacj:jul./eckoe onucahue u mekcm. CO<jlHH: H311aTellcTBo Ha EAH. 3011oTOBa, f. A., H. K. OHHrreHKo HM. 10. CHllopoBa KOMMYHHKa THBH3fl rpammathka PYCCKOro H3b1Ka. MocKBa: PAH-MfY. Hn3Hos3, A TpoRHcKu OaMOCKUH. E'bJlZapCKU ncl./wemhuk om XVII B. CO<jlHH: H311aTellCTBO Ha EAH. Hn3HOS3, K aJIor Ha marona. B: TI1JlKOB,,Zl.., C. CTOJIHOB 11 K. nonob (pe)1,.) rpclmamukg HG Cb6peMelfHUft ml1zapcku KlfU:JIC06ell e:juk. TOM 2. MoptjJoRo2Wl. Co<jlllJl: M31laTeJlCTBO Ha BAH MacnoB, ID. C rpammomuko 60JlZapCKOzo Ji3blKa. MocKBa: BblcllIa.Sl llikona. MHJlCTHLJ, CBUUf06CKU oclmackuh. H0606"bJlZapCKU namemlluk om XVIII 6. CO<jlH", ITpllllBopHa rreqathhlia. MHp..cB, K Cmapom,RzapcKu e3uk. CO<jlH", HaYK' HlI3ryCTBO. nehljes, PeqmeKcHBHHTe, Me)1,HaJIHHTe If naci1bhlue H3pe'tleHHJI B 6bJIrapCKM e3hk. lf36ecmuft Na HHcmumyma 3a UbI1ZapCKU e:juk 21: IIepeJlbMyTep, H. A ITaccHB BIIpeBHerpeqeCKOM H3b1Ke. B: XOllOIIO BI1Q, A. A. (OTB. pe,u.) TUnOJl02UJl naccubhblx KOllcmpYKl/uu.,l(uame3bl U 3aJ10ZU. JIeHllHrpall: HayKa, PmKHoBcK3H, M. r BpeMeHHag rrapa,umtma marojia C ce c1'panatejib HOro 3HaqeHllJl " c<jlepa yrrorpe6j1ehhji ee <jjopm B 60JlrapCKOM lllltepatyphom.si3blke. B:,ll.eMHHa, E. M. (COCT. Ii pen.) Cna6JUlCKOe U 6aJl1(QHcKoe Jl3blK03HaHue. llp06jle.mbl MOpcjJOllOZUU COepe.MeHHbIX 6aJ1KaIlCKUX U CJlQeRHCKUX Jl3blK06. Moc KBa: HayKa Assenova, P Quelque observations sur I'emploi de la diatbese nonactive dans les langues balkaniques. In TZitzilis, Ch. & Ch. Symeonidis (eds.) Balkanlinguistik: Synchronie und Diachronie. Thessaloniki: Linguistische Abteilung der Philosophischen Fakultat der Aristoteles-Universitat Thessaloniki Assenova, P. & Z. Guentcheva Reflechi et moyen dans les langues balkaniques. Bulletin de la Societe de linguistique de Paris 10311: Blevins, J. P Passives and Impersonals. In: Brown, K. (ed.) Encyclopedia oflanguage and Linguistics. Elsevier. 9: Chierchia, G The Variability oflmpersonal Subjects. In Bach, E., E. Jelinek, A. Kratzer & B. H. Partee (eds.) Quantification in Natural Languages. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Croft, W Typology and Universals. Cambridge & New York & Port Chester & Melbourne & Sydney: Cambridge University Press. Geniu,iene, E The Typology ofreflexives. Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter. Kaufmann, Medium und Reflexiv. Eine Studie zur Verbsemantik. TUbingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. Klaiman, M. H Grammatical Voice. Cambridge & New York & Port Chester & Melbourne & Sydney: Cambridge University Press. Koenig, J.-P On a tue Ie president! The nature of Passives and Ultraindefinites. In Fox, B. A., D. Jurafsky & L. A. Michaelis (eds.) Cognition and Function in Language. Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Infonnation Margulies, A Die Verba reflexiva in den slavischen Sprachen. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's. Mladenova, O. M D<ifiniteness in Bulgarian: Modelling the Processes oflanguage Change. New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Mladenova, O. M. 2009a. The Diachrony ofbulgarian Quantification. Balkanistica22: