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7 EÚ «EÚ Æ Æ Δ π « E Ú n ËÆ x Æ i ±  E Ú x «i x ± E Ú i ËÆ { Æ +{ x f i Ø J V Æ Æ J * k π «E Ú n ËÆ x, { Æ h  12 i i, ±  b ± Æ E Ú i ËÆ { Æ UÙΩ i i + ËÆ Ø {  E Ú i ËÆ { Æ x Ë i i EÚ EÚ Ãi x fi r n V «EÚÆ i Ω B E Ú ` EÚÆ b ( n ± I B b ± Æ ) ± ± 8,43,255 ]ıx E Ú EÚ ±  n ` EÚÆ b ( n ± I B b ± Æ ) ± ± E Ú± 9,47,790 ]ıx ±  ± =i{ n  EÚ x «i EÚ M * π « EÚ + v E Ú ± I EfiÚi ±  E Ú E Ú± x «i EÚ i ± x Â, ±  E Ú E Ú± x «i x { Æ h + ËÆ ± n x  E Ú i ËÆ { Æ ± I { Æ EÚ ΩË* ii π « E Ú ` EÚÆ c ( n ± I B b ϱ Æ) ± E Ú 8,70,000 ]x E Ú ± I EÚ i ± x  { Æ h E Ú Ω ± v 109 i i + ËÆ ± E Ú Ω ± v Ø {   112 i i + ËÆ b ϱ Æ E Ú Ω 109 i i ΩË* { UÙ± π «EÚ i ± x Â, { Æ h B Δ ± n x  EÚ o Œπ]ı π « E Ú n ËÆ x b <± S, S «, Ω ±n, V Æ, ± Æ, b È Ú, ± Ω x V Ú± + ËÆ V j ( ) E Ú x «i  fi r n <«M <«* EÚÆ { =b Æ /{ ]ı B Δ ± i ± i ˱ Æ ± V Ë ± Ãr i =i{ n  E Ú x «i Â π « EÚ +{ I { Æ h ± n x   fi r Ω <«ΩË * ±  E Ú x «i x J =i{ n x B Δ EÚ]ı <«{ S i v Æ, x «i EÚ + ËÆ Δ v «x, x «i x J +x Δv x, M h k v Æ B Δ x Δ v x EÚ EÚ «E Ú ={ P ]ıeú  E Ú l, b«eú Æ Ω {± x V x "" ±  EÚ x «i x J =i{ n x, x «i EÚ B Δ Δ v «x '' EÚ EÚ «x x V Æ Æ J M * π «E Ú n ËÆ x >apple{ Æ EÚ V x E Ú EÚ «x x Ω i ` EÚÆ b E Ú E Ú± k { Æ E Ú J ± Ú, ± Œ v ` EÚÆ b EÚ l * x «i x J =i{ n x E Ú +Δi M «i, π « E Ú n ËÆ x UÙ ]ı <± S E Ú Ω C]ı Æ E Ú { x Æ { i I j + ËÆ b <± S E Ú Ω C]ı Æ E Ú { x Æ { i /x Æ { i I j E Ú ± B M i x EÚ n Æ EÚ i EÚ Δv π « E Ú n ËÆ x EÚ M * À S <«B Δ EÚ, π «V ± Δ Æ h ={, v Æ C ÀÆ M ={ + n E Ú ± B Ω i ={ ± v EÚÆ x V Ë EÚ «GÚ <± S E Ú ± B EÚ «Œx i EÚB M B* =ii Æ { I j Â, <± S ( b ), +næeú B Δ ± EÚ n ÂM Ω±n EÚ J i E Ú ± B Ω i n x EÚ M <«* ±  E Ú x «i EÚ + ËÆ Δ v «x E Ú +xi M «i, π « E Ú n ËÆ x, ± Δ EÚÆ h Â Ω <«-] ıeú +{ x x + ËÆ i «x v +  EÚ =z x, <x -Ω = M h ii x xj h M ± EÚ l { x /=z x, x x x  EÚ n V x, Ú <«, O Àb M, Δ EÚÆ h, { ËÀEÚM, +Æ Ω =À M + n E Ú ± B + + ΔÆ S x v +  EÚ l { x, +xi Æ «π] ı ± Â/ n «x  Ë`ˆEÚ Â Â i M i V Ë EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ EÚ «x x EÚ M * { < b«x, ± =t M E Ú { h v Æ Â EÚ, J EÚÆ EfiÚ π n EÚ, Ci x x Ω i + + ΔÆ S x + ËÆ Δ EÚÆ h v BΔ n x EÚÆ i Ω B J =i{ n x / { h E Úxp Â Â Ú ± π ± { EÚ Á EÚ l { x EÚ ΩË * b«x UÙxn b, v n ; { ^ıb, E ÚÆ ± ; V v { Æ, Æ V l x ; M x, v n ; M h] ıæ, + xw n + ËÆ M ΔM, i ± x b  ± - { EÚ Á EÚ l { x { Æ EÚ ΩË * Æ V l x E Ú EÚ ]ı + ËÆ =ii Æ n E Ú Æ Æ ±  ± { EÚ Á EÚ x «h EÚ «{ Æ Ω M * π «E Ú n ËÆ x EÚ S x, Δ <«, n ±±, S z <«, M h] ıæ + ËÆ i i EÚ Æ x EÚ M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +  x S x i ±  E Ú x «i { Æ π h  EÚ ± π h i EÚ BΔ + ËÆ + x «{ Æ I h h x EÚ «V Æ Æ J * EÚ hb ± EÚ M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± { Æ EÚ M <«ΩË + ËÆ EÚ ± EÚii EÚ M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± EÚ EÚ M i { Æ ΩË * b«eú I j M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± BΔ B B + <«b <«V x E Ú i Ω i l { i EÚ M <«ΩÈ * + v E Ú n ËÆ x, M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +  x S «B Δ S «=i{ n, EÚÆ { =b Æ, ±, +S Æ, Ω ±n { =b Æ i l V Æ Â { B V x ± x EÚV x + π, B}± ]ı ŒC x, + Ëv ÆΔ V EÚ, Ω Æ { n l «+ n Ω i v { ËÆ ]ıæ  E Ú ± B 1,06,811 x x  EÚ ± π h EÚ ΩË * B B + <«b <«V x E Ú +v x b«x <«Â BEÚ x <«5

8 M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± l { i EÚ + ËÆ b«eú M ± +   I V Ë EÚ ± π h  =iefiúπ]ıi -E Úxp l { i EÚ * b«eú Æ i <± S +x Δv x Δ l x <± S  (UÙ ]ı b ) Δ Δ v i V i v Æ, V Ë Ët M EÚ Ω i I {, BEÚ EfiÚi { π EÚ, x EÚV Æ M xv x + ËÆ ËY x EÚ EÚ]ı <«-{ Ω S i i EÚx ± V  + ËÆ i EÚx ± V +xi Æ h { Æ +x Δv x EÚ «GÚ S ± i ΩË * S ± B M B i Æ EÚ «GÚ Â Â BEÚ EfiÚi x EÚV xv x { Æ ± Ω EÚ Æ Bƒ, fin -V ƒs + v Æ i = «Æ EÚ Δ i i ƒ, { < ŒC± x EÚ, ± =i{ n x Ët M EÚ { Æ I h + ËÆ V Ë + EÚ Æ EÚ =i{ n x + ËÆ + { Ãi + i ΩÈ * { < b«æ i u Æ W x EÚB M B, EÚ b C EÚŒ ]ı + Ïx { < Bhb E Ú ± x Æ Ω «( B B ) EÚ i Æ j 6-10 ÚÆ Æ 2017 E Ú n ËÆ x S z Ë Â Δ{ z Ω + * S, h V B Δ =t M Δj ± x j EÚ =n P ]ıx EÚ * J ±  fiii Æ V π +x M x π « E Ú n ËÆ x Æ EÚ Æ EÚ Æ V π x i E Ú EÚ «x x Â Ω i n * b«e Ú EÚ «± Â Â Æ V π x i E Ú EÚ «x x EÚ x ]ıæ EÚÆ x EÚ Ω x b ± { <Δ]ı ΩË * b«eú Æ V π EÚ «x x i EÚ Ω i + ËÆ +x n x E Ú l, Æ V π M, M fiω Δj ± E Ú Ãπ EÚ EÚ «GÚ i l Æ V π E Ú { Â Ω xn E Ú M E Ú xv Â, - { Æ V Æ +x n  + n  E Ú +x Æ b«eú Æ V π +x M v Δ v «x i EÚ EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ { x + ËÆ + V x EÚÆ i ΩË * b«x + Æ ]ı + <«+ v x 2005 EÚ fδ M EÚ «Œx i EÚ ΩË + ËÆ < Δ Δv Â Æ EÚ Æ E Ú n x nê  EÚ { ± x EÚ ΩË * + Æ ]ı + <«+ v x 2005 E Ú +x Æ, b«x S x E Ú Æ h Ω i x E Úxp «V x EÚ S x + v EÚ Æ ( { + <«+ ) E Ú {  ={ x n EÚ ± J { Æ I B Δ i E«Úi EÚ + ËÆ i EÂÚp «V x EÚ S x + v EÚ Æ Â ( { + <«+ ) EÚ b«e Ú z M   x q π]ı EÚ ΩË * b«x S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x 2005 EÚ v Æ 5(2) E Ú +v x I j -<EÚ <   21 E Úxp Ω EÚ «V x EÚ S x + v EÚ Æ Â ( B { + <«+ ) EÚ x q π]ı EÚ ΩË * S, { < b«eú + Æ ]ı + <«+ v x 2005 E Ú +x { ± x EÚ x Œ S i EÚÆ x Ω i x Ïb ± + v EÚ Æ + ËÆ b«e Ú +{ ± + v EÚ Æ (B B) E Ú {  x x i EÚ M ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, + Æ ]ı + <«+ v x E Ú +v x Æ EÚ Æ E Ú + Ïx -± <x { ]«ı± + ËÆ + Ï Ú-± <x v E Ú± 98 + n x {i Ω B* ± Â Δ Δ v i V x EÚ Æ x v «Æ i E Ú +xi M «i n x EÚ M <«* 6

9 1. ΔP ]ıx + ËÆ EÚ «+) { < b«eú ΔP ]ıx Δ n u Æ + v x i { < b«+ v x, 1986 (1986 EÚ Δ. 10)  <± S EÚ J i B Δ = V b ±  E Ú x Δj h Ω i ±  E Ú x «i E Ú EÚ i l <± S =t M E Ú x Δj h l «b«e Ú M `ˆx EÚ v x ΩË * < + v x E Ú V x l «Æ EÚ Æ Æ V { j  + v S x u Æ E Úxp Æ EÚ Æ x { < b«eú M `ˆx EÚ, V 26 ÚÆ Æ Œ i i  + M * + ) { < b«eú n i Â: (EÚ) +v I ; (J ) Δ n E Ú i x n, V x  n ± EÚ + ËÆ BEÚ Æ V S x Ω B Ω i ΩÈ (M ) E Úxp Æ EÚ Æ E Ú x x ± J i Δj ±  E Ú i x v i x n : (i) h V ; (ii) EfiÚ π ; B Δ (iii) ii ; (P ) ± EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú i x v i n ; (RÛ) ± x «i EÚ Â E Ú i x v n n ; (S ) J ± =i{ n EÚ Æ V  E Ú i x v i x n ; (UÙ) x x ± J i i EÚ EÚ i x v i EÚÆ x ± S Æ n :- (i) V x + M ; ( Δ i x i + M ) (ii) Æ i { ËE ÚÀV M Δ l x, <«; (iii) E Úxp J t Ët M EÚ +x Δv x Δ l x, Ë Ø ; (iv) Æ i ± Ú ± +x Δv x Δ l x, EÚ π CEÚ c ; (V ) ± EÚ Â E Ú Ω i  EÚ i x v BEÚ n b«e Ú EÚ «{ < b«+ v x, 1986, E Ú i EÚ { < b«eú x x ± J i EÚ È{ n B M B ΩÈ :- EÚ) b«: (i) ±  EÚ EÚ, S Æ B Δ x «i - x x EÚÆ ; (ii) ±  E Ú x «i E Ú ± B h { j n x EÚÆ ; (iii) ±  E Ú x «i EÚ g n x E Ú ± B EÚ «GÚ { Æ V x S ± BΔ; (iv) ±  E Ú Δ EÚÆ h, O Àb M { ËE ÚÀV M EÚ M h ii i EÚx EÚ E Ú v Æ E Ú ± B +x Δv x +v x EÚ «EÚ Ω i B Δ i Ω x n x EÚÆ ; (v) x «i l «±  E Ú ± E Ú Œ l Æ EÚÆ h EÚ n  EÚÆ ; (vi) ={ Ci M h ii i x  EÚ EÚ i l x «i ± EÚ ±  EÚ "M h ii - S ºx ΔEÚx ' u Æ M h ii - h EÚÆ h EÚÆ ; (vii) x «i l «±  EÚ M h ii EÚ x Δj h EÚÆ ; (viii) x «i l «±  E Ú x «i +  EÚ x v «Æ i i «x xv x  E Ú + v Æ { Æ +x Y Œ{i n x EÚÆ ; (ix) x «i f x E Ú ± B + EÚi Ω Ω x { Æ EÚ ± EÚ { h x EÚÆ ; (x) ±  E Ú ± B n   hb M Æ v Bƒ n x EÚÆ ; (xi) ΔEÚ± x B Δ EÚ x l «± π EÚ ΔŒJ EÚ <EÚ] ı`ˆ EÚÆ ; (xii) E Úxp Æ EÚ Æ E Ú { «x n x GÚ E Ú ± B EÚ ± EÚ + i EÚÆ ; i l (xiii) ±  E Ú + i - x «i Δ Δv i  { Æ E Úxp Æ EÚ Æ EÚ ± Ω n nâ * l Ω, b«- (i) <± S EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú S Ω EÚ Æ Â EÚ g nâ ; (ii) <± S EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ± EÚ Æ { Æ EÚ x Œ S i EÚÆ ; (iii) <± S J i + ËÆ Δ EÚÆ h E Ú v Æ i Æ EÚ Â, <± S { x Æ { h i l <± S J i <± EÚ Â E Ú i Æ h E Ú ± B ii B Δ +x Ω i n x EÚÆ ; 7

10 (iv) <± S EÚ GÚ EÚ x i i l = E Ú ± EÚ Œ l Æ Æ J Â; (v) <± S EÚ V ƒs i l = E Ú O b x n hb  EÚ Œ l Æ EÚÆ x EÚ I h n x EÚÆ ; (vi) <± S E Ú ={ M EÚ f nâ i l = E Ú S Æ - Æ EÚ V Æ Æ J Â; (vii) <± S E Ú (x ± EÚii «+ Â Ω i ) n ± ±  B Δ <± S EÚ v Δv EÚÆ x ± ± M  EÚ { ΔV x + ËÆ +x Y Œ{i nâ ; (viii) <± S E Ú { h x  v Æ EÚÆ ; (ix) <± S =t M V b EÚ π { Æ EfiÚπ EÚ Â, { Æ Â B +x x Ãn π]ı ± M  + ΔEÚb <EÚ] ı`ˆ EÚÆ + ËÆ (x) (xi) =x EÚ =x E Ú +Δ EÚ =x E Ú Æ Δ EÚ EÚ i EÚÆ ; EÚ Â E Ú ± B Ω i Æ EÚ «EÚ Æ { Æ Œ l i  + ËÆ v +  EÚ l i l i Ω x EÚ x Œ S i EÚÆ + ËÆ ËY x EÚ, Ët M EÚ i l + Ãl EÚ +x Δv x EÚ «S ± Bƒ, =x E Ú ± B i Ω x Ω i n x EÚÆ * b«eú x x x Æ i x Δ v EÚ i ƒ ΩË : (i) (ii) (iii) EÚ «EÚ Æ i <± S E Ú ± B +x xv x B Δ EÚ i ±  E Ú ± B EÚ i <) b«e Ú + v EÚ Æ I j E Ú +v x + x ± ± { < b«+ v x EÚ +x S  x x ± J i 52 ± + i ΩÈ :- 1. <± S 2. EÚ ± S «3. S «4. +n Æ EÚ 5. Ω ±n 6. v x 7. V Æ 8. b È Ú 9. l 10. ± Æ 11. È Ú 12. +V x ( ± EÚ { Ëv ) 13. EÚ ± V Æ n ± S x ± i (EËÚ ) 17. ± Ω x 18. EÚÆ { ii 19. EÚ EÚ 20. { n x 21. Æ Â 22. +V n 23. +x Æ n x 24. E Ú Æ 25. Ë x ± 26. i V { i 27. { { ± 28. ]ı Æ Bx W 29. P c S ( ]ı }± ËM ) 30. Ω M ± ÂV 31. Ω «-ÆË b 32. E Ú{ Æ 33. ± ÈM 34. Ω M 35. E Ú V 36. Ω { 37. V x { Æ Æ 38. -{ ii 39. ± V 40. V ÊÆ 41. V Ú± 42. V j ( ) 43. i ± 44. J J ϱ { < 46. Æ W Æ 47. V 48. Æ 49. l < Æ M x 51. ] ıæ M x 52. < ± (EÚÆ { =b Æ, ± i ±, i ˱ Æ ± B Δ +x h Ω i EÚ {  Ω, V Ω ƒ ± P ]ıeú J ΩË ) 8

11 2. x +) x Æ{ ]ı «v x + v E Ú n ËÆ x b Ï. B. V i ± EÚ... +v I E Ú {  W Æ ÆΩ * B. EÚhh x, x n EÚ ( { h x l { x ) E Ú {  i EÚ V Æ Æ Ω + ËÆ i EÚ S E Ú {  EÚ «Æ i Æ Ω * B. q Æ {{ i EÚ x n EÚ ( EÚ ) E Ú { n { Æ V Æ Æ Ω + ËÆ ± EÚÆ S E Ú {  EÚ «Æ i Æ Ω + ËÆ =xω Âx ± EÚÆ x n EÚ ( ii ) EÚ + i Æ Ci Æ O Ω h EÚ l * {.B. Æ π E Ú Æ, S ± EÚÆ x n EÚ ( { h x ) E Ú {  EÚ «Æ i Æ Ω * b Ï. <«.B. Æ, ËY x EÚ b x i EÚ x n EÚ (+x Δv x ) EÚ Æ Ω x EÚ + ËÆ EÚ b Ï. B.. Æ x x n EÚ (+x Δv x ) E Ú { n { Æ +{ x Æ O Ω h EÚ + ËÆ ± EÚÆ x n EÚ ( EÚ ) EÚ + i Æ Ci Æ O Ω h EÚ * E Ú.. B + v Ãπ i { Æ +{ x x fiœii EÚ i Æ J, i EÚ x n EÚ ( ii ) E Ú { n { Æ V Æ Æ Ω * V Ë EÚ 31 S «2017 EÚ ΩË, { < b«eú ]ı Ú ΔJ 449 l, V  6 M EÈÚ]ı x EÚ «S Æ Â Ω i 93 M «"EÚ', 147 M «"J ' + ËÆ 209 M «"M ' + v EÚ Æ ± ΩÈ * x ŒCi  B Δ { n z i   +. V./+. V. V./+. {.. E Ú ± B + Æ I h b«+.v./+.v.v./+. {.. E Ú ± B { n -+ v Æ i + Æ I h Æ ]ıæ EÚ = S i { EÚ «x x EÚÆ i ΩË * Æ EÚ Æ u Æ - { Æ < Δ Δv  V Æ +x n  EÚ EÚb <«+x { ± x EÚ V Æ Ω ΩË * V Ë EÚ 31 S «2017 EÚ ΩË, +.V./+.V.V. + ËÆ +. {.. EÚ h   245 { n v EÚ Æ l * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, b«x S Æ +.V. E Ú + ËÆ BEÚ +.V.V. E Ú { n v EÚ Æ Â EÚ { n z i n x EÚ ΩË * Æ { ]ı «v x π «E Ú n ËÆ x b«x +x S i V i E Ú S Æ ± M Â, +x S i V x V i E Ú { ƒs ± M  i l +x { UÙb M «E Ú i x ± M  EÚ x ŒCi EÚ ΩË * Ω ± EÚ± h V Ë EÚ 31 S «2017 EÚ ΩË, b«eú "EÚ', "J ' "M ' h  EÚ Ω ± { n v EÚ Æ Â EÚ E Ú± ΔJ 131 ΩË * Ω ± { n v EÚ Æ Â EÚ EÚ i  { Æ { Æ + ËÆ = S i i ËÆ { Æ v x n V i ΩË * b«eú BEÚ Ω ± + v EÚ Æ EÚ " Ω ± EÚ± h + v EÚ Æ ' E Ú {  x Ci EÚ M ΩË, i EÚ Ω ± +  EÚ { Æ x ƒ + ËÆ BΔ, n EÚ <«Ω Â, i =xωâ V x x + ËÆ Δ v x E Ú ± B Z  E Ú l =SS + v EÚ Æ Â E Ú v x  ± V E Ú* +.V./+.V.V./+. {.. EÚ± h b«u Æ +.V./+.V.V +. {.. E Ú EÚ «S Æ Â E Ú EÚ± h EÚ n J ± Ω i + ËÆ =x EÚ +  E Ú v x Ω i i  EÚ M `ˆx EÚ V S EÚ ΩË * b«u Æ +.V./+.V.V./+. {.. Δ Œxv i + Æ I h ±  E Ú ± B BEÚ Δ{ E«Ú + v EÚ Æ EÚ { n x i EÚ V S EÚ ΩË * EÚ± ΔM ŒCi  EÚ EÚ± h b«u Æ EÚ± ΔM ŒCi  V b + Æ I h ±  E Ú ± B BEÚ Δ{ E«Ú + v EÚ Æ EÚ { n x i EÚ V S EÚ ΩË * Æ { ]ı «v x + v E Ú n ËÆ x b«x EÚ± ΔM h E Ú +v x i = n Æ Â EÚ x ŒCi EÚ ΩË V Ë M «"J ' (+Œ l v i ) E Ú +v x I j + v EÚ Æ EÚ BEÚ { n, M «"M ' (+Œ l v i ) E Ú +v x Æ π`ˆ I V ËY x EÚ E Ú BEÚ { n, M «"M ' ( h v i -1), (o Œπ]ı v i -1) + ËÆ (+Œ l v i -1) E Ú +v x i x Æ π`ˆ ± { EÚ Â E Ú { n + ËÆ M «-"M ' ( h v i -1) + ËÆ +. {.. (o Œπ]ı v i -1) E Ú +v x n EÚ x π`ˆ ± { EÚ Â E Ú { n * b«eú± ΔM ŒCi  EÚ Æ ]ıæ x B Æ J i ΩË * + xi Æ EÚ ± J { Æ I Æ { ]ı «v x + v E Ú n ËÆ x <Œx ]ı]ı ]ı + Ï Ú { Œ ± EÚ + b ] ı «+ Ï Ú <Œhb (+ <«{ B + <«) b«eú + xi Æ EÚ ± J { Æ I EÚ E Ú {  V Æ Æ Ω * b«eú Ë`ˆEÂÚ Æ { ]«ı E Ú +v x EÚ + v E Ú n ËÆ x i x b«ë`ˆeâú + V i EÚ M <» :- (i) x <«n ±±  (ii) J { ^ıh  (iii) EÚ± { Æ Â

12 π «E Ú n ËÆ x { < b«e Ú n  EÚ S +x Δv -1  n M <«ΩË * b«e Ú EÚ «± b«eú J ± E ÚÆ ± E Ú EÚ SS  Œ l i ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x b«e Ú x x ± J i EÚ «± fiii Æ Ω :- i) { h x { < b«e Ú { h x EÚ «± Δ <«, S z <«, i i EÚ Æ x, b x EÚz Æ, M h] ıæ, x <«n ±±, +Ω n n, ΔM ± Ø, EÚ ± EÚ i, M xi EÚ, M Ω ]ı, À M i, >ƒapplez  Œ l i ΩÈ * ± { E«Ú: b«x UÙxn b, { ^ıb, M ΔM, M h] ıæ, V v { Æ B Δ M x  ± { EÚ Á EÚ l { x EÚ ΩË * EÚ ]ı B Δ Æ Æ ±  ± { EÚ Á EÚ l { x { Æ Ω S EÚ ΩË * ii) EÚ b«e Ú n EÚ EÚ «± b x EÚz Æ, <«Æ b, EÚ± { Æ, Ω Æ, M h] ıæ, ÆΔ M ±, M x, >ƒapplez, Æ ΔEÚ, Δ <«, x M Æ, M xi EÚ, M Ω ]ı B Δ V v { Æ Â fiii ΩÈ * hb ± EÚ «± x b Δ EÚhb, { ] ı]ıb, Æ V E Ú Æ, S EÚ M ± Æ, b E ÚÆ, M, +M Æ ii ±, B W ±, <]ı x M Æ, i x EÚ, V Æ l ΔM, EÚÀ± { ÂRÛ, ΔM x B Δ i n ÂM  fiii ΩÈ * =ii Æ { I j Ω i ± f B V x ± Æ V   56 I j EÚ «± fiii ΩÈ * EÚx «]ıeú Æ V  { ƒs M { Ëv ± BΔ fiii ΩÈ * iii) +x Δv x ˱ b Δ { Æ (E ÚÆ ± ) E Ú Æ i <± S +x Δv x Δ l x (+ <«+ Æ + <«) + ËÆ EÚ± { Æ (EÚx «]ıeú), i b x E Ú b (i ± x b ), i n ÂM ( ŒCEÚ ) E Ú I j +x Δv x ] ı x  x +{ x i «x V Æ Æ J * M x EÚ± h { «{i x v E Ú +  b«ii π « E Ú n ËÆ x M x EÚ± h V x EÚ W Æ x Ω Æ J { * + ) Æ V π x i EÚ EÚ «x x >apple{ Æ E Ú π «E Ú +v x Æ V π +x M E Ú J EÚ «EÚ± { + ËÆ ={ ± Œ v ƒ x x x Æ ΩÈ :- (i) +x n EÚB M B J +x n EÚ «x x x Æ ΩÈ :- {i Ω xn { j + ËÆ =x EÚ V b«e Ú { n v EÚ Æ Â E Ú ± B W À]ıM EÚ b«, Æ c - Ω Æ + ËÆ b«eú +  x fiii { n v EÚ Æ Â E Ú ± B Â]ı b«u Æ + V i v Æ Ω Â E Ú ± B u π O ( Ëx Æ, ËEÚb {, + Δj h EÚ b«, EÚ «GÚ ]ı + n ) Æ V π + v x EÚ v Æ 3(3) E Ú +v x + x ± n i V V Ë EÚ x + n, ]Âıb Æ n i W, Y { x, Y Œ{i ƒ, + v S x + n Ω xn { j EÚ " { < <Œhb ' E Ú ± B O b«eú EÚ V x BΔ b«eú Ãπ EÚ Æ { ]«ı + ËÆ ± J { Æ I Æ { ]«ı b«e Ú n ËÆ / x Æ I h E Ú ± B + <«z Δ n i  E Ú ± B ËEÚ O =hb x ]ı, Æ Ω <«x ± + ËÆ +x O b <± S { Æ i i "" Æ < b ± V «EÚ b«m <b '' E Ú ± B O (ii) Æ V π x i EÚ EÚ «x x EÚ) Æ V π EÚ «x x i Ë`EÚ Â EÚ + V x ΩÆ i Ω Â BEÚ Ë`EÚ E Ú i ËÆ { Æ S Æ Ë`EÚ Â, GÚ : (+ ˱ -V x 2016), (V ± <«- i Δ Æ 2016), (+HÚ Æ- n Δ Æ 2016) + ËÆ (V x Æ - S «2017) EÚ + V x EÚ M * +v I Ω n x <x Ë`EÚ Â EÚ +v I i EÚ * EÚ { xx Ë`EÚ b Ï. { x Ω Æ + <«B Ú B, Δ HÚ S, Æ V π M, M fiω Δj ±, Æi ÆEÚ Æ E Ú n ËÆ E Ú ± ±  π { + V i EÚ M <«l * Ω EÚ x n EÚ (EÚ «.), I.EÚ.EÚ., Æ V π M, M fiω Δj ±, Æi ÆEÚ Æ, EÚ SS x Ë`EÚ Â M ± * J ) Ωxn EÚ «± J ±  ] Ú n  E Ú ± B n Ωxn EÚ «± + Â, GÚ : 10

13 24 V x, ËÆ n Δ Æ, 2016, EÚ + V x EÚ M + ËÆ 40 ] Ú n  EÚ Ωxn I h n x EÚ M * b«e Ú =k Æ { Æ V   EÚ «Æi ] Ú n  E Ú ± B 23 i Δ Æ 2016 EÚ M Ω]  BEÚ n n EÚ Ωxn EÚ «± EÚ + V x EÚ M * x n EÚ ( EÚ ) x EÚ «± EÚ =n P ]x EÚ + ËÆ Ωx EÚ <Æ ±, Ωxn + v EÚ Æ, { j b«, M Ω] x EÚ «± S ± <«* EÚ «±  E Ú± 23 ] Ú n  x M ± * M ) EÚ ± x Ωxn I h Ωxn I h V x, EÚ CEÚx b, EÚ SS E Ú +v x EΔÚ{ ]Æ Â Ωxn n Δ v x + ËÆ ] <À{ M E Ú EÚ ± x I h E Ú ± B J ± n ] Ú n  EÚ x x i EÚ M * n x  x Ú± i { «EÚ I h EÚ «GÚ { Æ EÚ * P ) Ωxn { i EÚ Â, neú  EÚ J Æ n / Ωxn S Æ { j / { j EÚ +  E Ú ± B S xn J ± E Ú { i EÚ ± E Ú ± B ± P EÚl BΔ, EÚ i BΔ, x ]EÚ, ={ x + n EÚ Æ± + ËÆ ={ M Ωxn { i EÚ Â EÚ J Æ n E Ú ± B «h EÚ x, «Æ V EÚ ± EÚ x, «± EÚ Æi EÚ x + ËÆ «EÚi P Æ EÚ x E Ú l + EÚ Δv EÚ M V { i EÚ ± E Ú ± B { i EÚ Â EÚ J Æ n Ω i J S «EÚ 50 i i + i ΩË * Ωxn +J Æ "b ± Ωxn ± { ' + ËÆ Æi x i x EÚ Ωxn { j EÚ +  E Ú ± B S xn n x V Æ ÆΩ * RÛ) Æ V π x Æ/ ± x / I h EÚ «GÚ +HÚ Æ, 2016 EÚ n V À± M  + V i Æ V π EÚÈ{ + ËÆ ± x  hb± EÚ «±, EÚ À± { ÂRÛ BEÚ { n v EÚ Æ EÚ x x i EÚ M * Ωxn I h V x, EÚ CEÚx b, EÚ SS E Ú u Æ ÚÆ Æ, 2017 E Ú n ËÆ x + V i { ƒs n "EΔÚ{ ]Æ Â x n I h '  J ± BEÚ { n v EÚ Æ EÚ x x i EÚ M * S ) Ωxn n /{ J c Æ Ω 2016 b«x 15 i Δ Æ 2016 EÚ Ωxn n E Ú {  x * b Ï. Æ h Æ V..., Ω EÚ V ± v, BÆh E Ú± x 19 i Δ Æ, 2016 EÚ J ±  Ωxn { J c Æ Ω EÚ =n P ]x EÚ * ] Ú n  E Ú ± B xx Ωxn i M i +  EÚ + V x EÚ M + ËÆ Ωxn { J c Æ Ω 2016 E Ú ± ±  xx EÚ «GÚ Â E Ú + V x E Ú ± B ΩÆ EÚ «±  EÚ + EÚ Ω i n x EÚ M <«* b«x Ωxn { J c 2016 EÚ { x Æ Ω 17 V x Æ 2017 EÚ { < b«j ±  + V i EÚ * +v I, { < b«x Æ Ω EÚ +v I i EÚ * Æ Ω E Ú n ËÆ x +v I Ω n x E Ú± SS  E Ú ± B + V i π EÚ «GÚ Â (+ J ± E ÚƱ Ωxn EÚ i { ` + ËÆ Ωxn n HÚ M i i M i ) V i +  E Ú ± B ] Ï Ú ƒ/x EÚn { Æ EÚ Æ/ h { j, J ± ] Ú E Ú ± B + V i xx Ωxn i M i +  E Ú V i +  EÚ x EÚn { Æ EÚ Æ + ËÆ h { j, Ωxn Â Æ Ωx EÚ E Ú ± B x EÚn { Æ EÚ Æ/ h { j, Æ V π i { Æ EÚ Æ, Æ V π E Ú {  Ωxn E Ú M E Ú ± B +x M  E Ú ± B Æ V π Æ À± M ] Ú + ËÆ Æ V π Æxx Æ+{ ] Ú, Ωxn  EÚB M B =±± J x EÚ «E Ú ± B ] Ú, EÂÚp Ωxn I h Δ l x, x <«n±± E Ú +v x π «2016 E Ú n ËÆ x { j S Æ { ` GÚ E Ú W ÆB EÚ ± x Ωxn I h ( v + ËÆ h ) { Æ I +   =k h «{ n v EÚ Æ Â E Ú ± B h { j, π «2016  b«{ Æ I  Ωxn  "B' O b {i EÚÆx ± ] Ú n  E Ú SS  E Ú ± B x EÚn { Æ EÚ Æ/ h { j, EÚ i Æh EÚ * UÙ) Ωxn { J c Æ Ω π EÚ «GÚ b«x Ωxn { J b 2016 E Ú ± ±  π EÚ «GÚ E Ú { Â Ω <«E Ú± + ËÆ Ω Æ E ÚxbÆ E Ú± E Ú U j  ( B <«/ ]Èı]ı b«/e Ú ± B { < - b«e Ú J ±  04 +Ci Æ 2016 EÚ + J ± E ÚƱ Ωxn EÚ i { ` i M i + ËÆ 05 +Ci Æ 2016 EÚ + J ± E ÚƱ Ωxn n HÚ M i i M i EÚ + V x EÚ * V ) EÚ SS x Æ EÚ u Æ + V i EÚ «GÚ Â Â i M i b«x Δ HÚ Æ V π Æ Ω 2016 V c J S «EÚ { Ãi E Ú ± B EÚ SS x Æ EÚ EÚ Æ +Δ n x EÚ l EÚ * b«x Δ HÚ Æ V π Æ Ω 2016 E Ú ± ±  EÚ SS x Æ EÚ u Æ + V i Ωxn i M i +   J ± E Ú { n v EÚ Æ Â EÚ i M i E Ú ± B + EÚ i Ë Æ Δ EÚ * 18 V x Æ 2017 EÚ + V i EÚ SS x Æ EÚ EÚ Ë`EÚ Â x n EÚ ( { h x ) x M ± * 8 S «2017 EÚ EÚ SS x Æ EÚ u Æ Ωxn { n v EÚ Æ Â E Ú ± B + V i Ë`EÚ Â Ω EÚ x n EÚ (Æ..) x M ± * 11

14 Z ) I j EÚ «x x EÚ «± (n I h -{ Œ S ), EÚ SS u Æ n ËÆ x Æ I h 23 S «2017 EÚ Ω EÚ x n EÚ (EÚ «.), I j EÚ «x x EÚ «± (n I h -{ Œ S ), M fiω Δj ±, Æi ÆEÚ Æ, EÚ SS x b«e Ú J ± EÚ n ËÆ EÚ + ËÆ Æ V π x i E Ú EÚ «x x E Ú Δ Δv  b«e Ú GÚ EÚ± {  EÚ x Æ I h EÚ * x Æ I h E Ú n ËÆ x { <«M <«EÚ Â EÚ n Æ EÚÆx E Ú ± B + EÚ EÚn =` B M B + ËÆ i fii Æ{ ]«I.EÚ.EÚ., EÚ SS EÚ S x + ËÆ + EÚ EÚ Æ«<«E Ú ± B V n * \ ) EÚ ± x Ωxn n Δ v x /]ΔEÚh I h E Ú ± B ] Ú EÚ x x i EÚÆx Ωxn I h V x, EÚ SS E Ú +v x E Ú n ËÆ x E Ú j E Ú ± B EΔÚ{ ]Æ Â EÚ ± x Ωxn n Δ v x /]ΔEÚh I h E Ú ± B n ] Ú n  EÚ x x i EÚ M * ]ı) +x EÚ «GÚ "EÚ Ë BEÚi {i Ω 2016' E Ú M E Ú {  J ±  21 x Δ Æ EÚ " π <«Æ i n Æ Ω' E Ú + V x Â Ω i n * Æ π] BEÚi  π EÚ EÚ { Æ π h EÚ <Δi W EÚ * `ˆ) ={ ± v Δ/{ Æ EÚ Æ h V M Æ V π ] Ú π « E Ú ± B Æ V π x i E Ú EÚ «x x  +v x l EÚ «±  u Æ EÚB M B Æ Ωx EÚ» E Ú ± B h V M, Æi ÆEÚ Æ u Æ l { i Æ V π ] Ú (i fii { Æ EÚ Æ) { < b«eú n x EÚ M <«* <. { i EÚ ± + ËÆ ± J x b«e Ú { i EÚ ±  { i EÚ Â { j EÚ +  EÚ n ii Ω i BEÚ +SUÙ ΔO Ω h ΩË * { i EÚ ± S x E Úxp EÚ W i x x EÚ EÚ «x <«{ i EÚ Â { j EÚ +  EÚ V c EÚÆ V Æ Æ J M * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, Æ Àb M + ËÆ EÚ B Æ Ω i +v x i x Ω < b { i EÚ ± E Ú {  { i EÚ ± EÚ v Æ EÚ M + ËÆ J ± EÚ n Æ Δ V ±  l x Δi Æ i EÚ M * E Ú± 637 x <«{ i EÂÚ V c n M <» + ËÆ ± M M 140 { j EÚ +  E Ú ± B S Δn V Æ Æ J M * { EÚb Æ, M { V Ë ± - Ω i + ËÆ ËY x EÚ O ÚEÚ± M <b + ËÆ B Æ ]«ı <Δ] ı b C x Æ W E Ú BEÚ +SU Ù ΔEÚ± x EÚ l EÚ M <«ΩË * b«x { i EÚ ± -n i W  { j EÚ +  EÚ { Æ S ± x, n i W { n«m Bƒ, EÚÆΔ ]ı B Æ x Ã, Æ O ÚEÚ Bƒ, b Æ Ï S «+ ËÆ ±  EÚ Âb Â] ı { Æ +J Æ EÚi Æ x Bƒ + n EÚ V Æ Æ J * <x E Ú +±, <x]ıæ x ]ı v Bƒ, <-{ { Æ Æ Àb M + ËÆ + Ï{ x BC V x «± E Ú +v x E Ú ± B ± M M 10 EΔÚ{ ]ıæ ]ı n x EÚB M B* v t ±  E Ú v EÚii «+  EÚ M «x nê Ω i Δn «v BΔ ={ ± v EÚÆ <«M <»* E Ú± UÙ j  x fiii ]ı Ú E Ú ± B +{ x +  EÚ i Æ EÚ M * Æ EÚ b EËÚx Æ v Ω i EÚ Ω { i EÚ ± Δv x }]ı Æ (EÚ Ω ± < Æ Ëx V Â]ı }]ı Æ ) + ËÆ + Ïx ± <x { Œ ± EÚ B C EËÚ]ı± ÏM (+ { B ) v EÚ l { x EÚÆ i Ω B { i EÚ ± n i V  EÚ + x Œ{i E Ú ± B { i EÚ ± EÚ =z x EÚ M * 12

15 3. ii + ËÆ ± J {± x E Ú +v x b«eú V x + Â, { Æ V x +  B Δ EÚ «GÚ Â E Ú ± B ii l Æ i Æ EÚ Æ {i +x n x B Δ < n n u Æ EÚ V i ΩË * x E Ú M ËÆ - V x J S «J i : Æ EÚ Æ {i Ω i -+x n x + ËÆ b«e Ú v EÚ «EÚ± {  x x ± + xi Æ EÚ B Δ + i Æ Ci V ]ı Δ v x (+ <«<«+ Æ ) E Ú W Æ B S EÚ B V i ΩÈ * π « E Ú n ËÆ x {± x E Ú +v x ` ± J + ËÆ x Ïx -{± x E Ú +v x ` ± J b«e Ú ± B +x n i V ]ı ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x Æ i Æ EÚ Æ EÚ i Æ Ú +x n x E Ú ± B ` ± J, < n n E Ú ± B ` ± J, =ii Æ { I j E Ú ± B ={ xv E Ú {  ` ± J, {± x E Ú +v x B ={ -{± x E Ú ± B ={ xv E Ú {  ` ± J + ËÆ x Ïx {± x E Ú +v x ` ± J b«eú {i Ω B* b«x E Ú n ËÆ x M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +  u Æ n x EÚ M <«M h ii V ƒs - +  E Ú ± π h S V «, { Ëv ± +  { n { Â, +x Δv x Ú Á E Ú Ú «-=i{ n  EÚ GÚ, S Δn B Δ Y { x ±EÚ, x «i EÚ Â EÚ Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h ±EÚ, EÚ «S Æ Â EÚ nb M B + O  EÚ {, + O { Æ W, +±{ EÚ ± x V { Æ V + n ` ± J EÚ + <«<«+ Æ V * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, {± x B Δ x Ïx -{± x E Ú +v x EÚ E Ú± ` ± J l, V EÚ ËÆ x S n V i ΩË :- ± J π «V ]ı +x n x (` ± J  Â) (` ± J  Â) x Ïx -{± x {± x x «i x J =i{ n x x «i EÚ B Δ Δ v «x x «i x J +x Δv x M h ii v Æ BS + Æ b x «h EÚ « E Ú± ({± x ) E Ú± (x Ïx -{± x {± x ) b«+x Æ EÚ Æ M  B Δ Æ π] ı + EÚÆ h Â, V Ë EÚ + <«B + Æ, B B + <«b <«, B + <«b BS + n {i +x n x  E ÚUÙ +x S ± { Æ V x +  B Δ EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ EÚ «x x EÚÆ i + Æ Ω ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x EÚ B { Æ V x + Â, {i +x n x  B Δ J S «EÚB M B EÚ ËÆ x S n V i ΩË :- EÚ «GÚ +x n x (` ± J  Â) (` ± J  Â) B + <«b BS B B + <«b <« Æ E Ú <«+ xw n <«B + Æ - B + <«+ Æ { B <- { < { Æ V x I j { EÚ + <«{ B EÚ ± EÚ ± S «

16 14 I V Y x  =iefiúπ]ıi EÂÚp n Æ EÚ { Æ V x i Æ b ± ]ı + - B ]ı b B Ú Ëπ v { Ëv  EÚ M h ii - x EÚ B <«B ƒ Æ b <± S E Ú±

17 4. x «i x J =i{ nx =i{ n x, =i{ n EÚi B Δ M h ii  v Æ E Ú {  <± S (UÙ ]ı b ) E Ú O EÚ EÚ V n Æ { < b«eú ΩË * x «i l «SUÙ ±  E Ú =i{ n x Ω i b«, Ú ± ii Æ v Æ EÚ «GÚ S ± i ΩË * b«e Ú v EÚ EÚ «GÚ EÚ]ı <«{ S i M h ii v Æ EÚ «GÚ " x «i x J =i{ n x ' π «EÚ E Ú +v x ± ΩË * EÚ EÚ «GÚ 14 n EÚ EÚ «± Â, 15 hb ± EÚ «±  B Δ 56 I j -EÚ «±  E Ú i Æ x ]ı E«Ú E Ú W Æ B EÚ «Œx i EÚB V i ΩÈ * b«<± S EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ M h ii ± Æ { h O EÚ +{ I EÚ { Ãi E Ú ± B EÚx «]ıeú E Ú J <± S f x ± I j   { ƒs M { Ëv ± Ú Á EÚ Æ J Æ J EÚÆ i ΩË * { < b«x ±  E Ú EÚ B Δ { h x EÚ f n x Ω i x x ± J i 10 ± EÚ BV Œx  (B b B) EÚ l { x EÚ ΩË :- (i) M Ω ]ı B b B (ii) M xi EÚ B b B (iii) =ii Æ n B b B (iv) M x B b B (v) >ΔappleZ B b B (vi) V v { Æ B b B (vii) Δ <«B b B (viii) M Δ] ıæ B b B (ix) Ω Æ B b B (x) <«Æ b B b B ± EfiÚπ EÚ Â, x «i EÚ Â, { Æ Â, Æ V M x / EfiÚ π M, Æ V EfiÚ π t ±, V <Δ]ı b V B Ú ]ı, EfiÚ π Δj ±, h V Δj ± + n EÚ i x v i EÚÆ x ± 17 n Â Ω i B b B EÚ { i, Δ Δ v i Æ V E Ú J S ΩÈ * b«e Ú n EÚ + v EÚ Æ B b B E Ú n S Ω ÂM * B b B x Ë`ˆEÂÚ + V i EÚ ΩÈ + ËÆ B b B  ± B M B x h «x Æ EÚ «EÚB V Æ Ω ΩÈ * b«v ±n Ω ÆΔ M ±, i ± ΔM x Æ V  B b B EÚ l { x EÚÆ M * { < b«x V EÚ Æ Â E Ú Æ E Ú EÚ, { h x, M h ii, x «i B Δ P Æ ± J { i EÚ f n x Ω i x M Æ Â E Ú Æ =i{ n x B Δ x «i EÚ + EÚÆ h (B { <«b B - { b ) EÚ l { x EÚ ΩË * S, h V M, h V B Δ =t M Δj ± i l J S, V EÚ Æ Æ EÚ Æ { b EÚ Ω -+v I i EÚÆ M * ±  EÚ x «i x J =i{ n x π « E Ú n ËÆ x " ±  EÚ x «i x J =i{ n x V x ' E Ú +v x EÚ «Œx i z EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ Æ h x S n V i ΩË : +) <± S (UÙ ]ı ) UÙ ]ı <± S J i : E ÚÆ ±, EÚx «]ıeú B Δ i ± x b E Ú { Œ S P ]ı   f <«V i ΩË * + v EÚi Æ <± S M x UÙ ] ı B Δ ={ Œxi EÚ ΩÈ * π « E Ú n ËÆ x <± S E Ú +v x EÚ E Ú± I j ]ı. E Ú + EÚ ± i =i{ n x E Ú l 52,820 Ω C]ı Æ l * UÙ ]ı <± S E Ú EÚ Ω i EÚ «Œx i EÚ «GÚ x x x Æ ΩÈ : (i) { x Æ { h < EÚ «GÚ EÚ =q E ÚÆ ±, i ± x b B Δ EÚx «]ıeú Æ V  E Ú { Æ x, V h «π «B Δ +± EÚ Æ <± S (UÙ ]ı ) M x  E Ú ±  EÚ Ω ± EÚÆ x ΩË * Ω EÚ «GÚ ii Ω i n x EÚÆ E Ú { Æ x, V h «h «B Δ +± EÚ Æ M x   { x Æ { h EÚ «E Ú ± B UÙ ] ı B Δ ={ Œxi EÚ EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ i Ω i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B ± I EfiÚi ΩË* E ÚƱ + ËÆ i ± x b E Ú EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ i Ω C] Æ ` 70,000 EÚ + ËÆ EÚx «]EÚ E Ú EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ i Ω C] Æ ` 50,000 EÚ < n n { C x v E Ú { x :Æ { h + ËÆ +x ÆI h ± M i E Ú i i E Ú {  n Æ Æ Ãπ EÚ EÚ i   n V i ΩË* + ` Ω. i EÚ EÚ V x ± { ΔV EfiÚi ± P B Δ ={ Δ i EÚ <± S EfiÚπ EÚ < V x E Ú +v x ± =` x E Ú { j ΩÈ* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, π « E Ú n ËÆ x { x Æ { i Ω. I j EÚ ± EÚÆ i Ω B ` ± J J S «{ Æ 2170 EfiÚπ EÚ Â [ Ω± BΔ : 630, +.V. 39, +.V.V. 3] EÚ + π]ı +n M ± Œx i EÚ M * 15

18 (ii) M h ii ± Æ { h O  EÚ =i{ n x B Δ i Æ h EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú J i  J ± M <«M { Ëv ± + Â Ú Á B Δ h i { Ëv ± +  u Æ Æ M Æ Ω i, l B Δ M h k ± Æ { h O  EÚ =i{ n x + ËÆ i Æ h EÚ M * { ƒs M { Ëv ± Ú Á  =i{ n i { n { "x Ω x x ± ' + v Æ { Æ EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ i Æ i EÚB M B* π « E Ú n ËÆ x EÚx «]ıeú EÚ { ƒs M { Ëv ± +  E Ú± 3,55,750 <± S Æ { h O, 3,39,000 EÚ ± S «EÚi Æ x  + ËÆ 24,725 EÚ ± S «x ŒC± { n { O =i{ n i EÚÆ E Ú 1011 ± O Ω Â [ Ω± : 85; +.V. 65; +.V.V. 12] EÚ i Æ i EÚ M <»* EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú J i EÚ h i { Ëv ± +   =i{ n i E Ú± i ± J <± S Æ { h O  EÚ i Æ h EÚ M * < n n E Ú {  122 EfiÚπ EÚ Â ( Ω ± : 5, +.V. 5) EÚ E Ú± ` ± J n x EÚB M B* + ) =k Æ{ «E Ú ± B EÚ EÚ «GÚ i) <± S ( c ) c <± S J { CEÚ, +Ø h S ± n, x M ± Èb + ËÆ { Œ S ΔM ± E Ú n V À± RÛ V ± E Ú ={ Ω ± <± EÚ Â Â =M <«V i ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x 5,623 ]ıx E Ú + EÚ ± i =i{ n x E Ú l ŒCEÚ B Δ { Œ S ΔM ± E Ú n V À± M V ± EÚ E Ú± 26,787 Ω C]ı Æ I j b <± S E Ú +v x Æ Ω * π « E Ú, Δ Δ v i Æ V Æ EÚ Æ {i + EÚ± x E Ú +x Æ +Ø h S ± n + ËÆ x M ± Èb  b <± S E Ú +v x EÚ I j 3,700 ]ıx =i{ n x E Ú l 12,268 Ω C]ı Æ l * M h ii ± Æ { h O EÚ +x { ± v i, V h «- h «, { Æ x +± EÚ Æ { Ëv  + ËÆ +ΔM Æ ( S ii ) Æ M  E Ú EÚ { b <± S =i{ n x { Æ b ± x ± J P ]ıeú ΩÈ * < EÚ o Œπ]ı Â Æ J i Ω B b«b <± S E Ú =i{ n x Ω i x x ± J i EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ EÚ «x x EÚÆ Æ Ω ΩË : EÚ) b <± S -{ x Æ { h π « E Ú n ËÆ x, 3,268 EfiÚπ EÚ Â ( Ω ± : 501; +.V. 33, +.V.V. 1706) EÚ ± { Ω Δ S i Ω B, π « E Ú n ËÆ x { x Æ { i ` ± J EÚ Ω C]ı Æ I j E Ú { x Æ { h E Ú ± B + π] +n M EÚ M <«* J ) b <± S Æ { h O =i{ n x π « E Ú n ËÆ x, 597 EfiÚπ EÚ Â ( Ω ± : 191; +.V. 21; +.V.V. 146) EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ± { Ω ƒ S i Ω B π « E Ú n ËÆ x =i{ n i b <± S EÚ { n { O  E Ú ± B ` ± J EÚ +n M EÚ M <«* M ) c <± S -x Æ { h { ÆΔ{ ÆEÚ { { Œ S ΔM ± E Ú n V À± M V ± + ËÆ CEÚ Â c <± S EÚ J i EÚ V i ΩË* +x =ii Æ { Æ V   π { +Ø h S ± n + ËÆ x M ± Èb  { <«V x ± EfiÚ π V ± EÚ { Æ l i Δ c <± S EÚ J i E Ú ± B ={ HÚ ΩÈ* +Ø h S ± n + ËÆ x M ± Èb  c <± S EÚ J i E Ú I j E Ú i Æ EÚÆx EÚ M ΔV < ΩË* { E Ú x v E Ú n ËÆ x Æ { h + ËÆ ÆJ ÆJ EÚ ± M i E Ú i i +x n x E Ú {  ` 28,000 n x EÚÆx EÚ V x E Ú u Æ +Ø h S ± n + ËÆ x M ± Èb  c <± S EÚ J i EÚ i Æ EÚÆx EÚ { ÆEÚ±{ x EÚ M <«* < +x n x EÚ n Æ Æ EÚ i   M i x EÚ V i ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, c <± S EÚ J i E Ú +Δi M «i Ω C] Æ I j E Ú ± B 1,643 ± Ãl  E Ú ± B π « E Ú n ËÆ x EÚB M B x -Æ { h EÚ + π]ı +n M E Ú {  ( Ω ± :480; +.V.V. 1,643) ` ± J EÚ Æ n x EÚ M <«* <. Ú ± EÚ]ı <«E Ú n ±   v Æ i) V ± m Æ V ± =i{ neú  u Æ Ú ± EÚ EÚ] <«+ ËÆ Ú ± EÚ] <«E Ú n +{ x B V x ± i Æ E Ú + l EÚÆ ΩÈ, V E Ú { Æh { =i{ n bδ`±, M ΔnM, Æ i, bδ`± E Ú ] EÚc V Ë ΩÆ i +  Δn π i Ω i ΩÈ* EÚ ] + ËÆ J { Ëv  EÚ Δ EÚ ± ` { ]EÚÆ Ω l  ± EÚÆ Â E Ú { ËÆ Â E Ú x S E ÚS ± EÚÆ =x V  EÚ +± M EÚ V i ΩË* b«x J { Ëv  V EÚ +± M EÚÆx + ËÆ Ú ±  E Ú =i{ n x E Ú ± B B m Æ Â E Ú ={ M EÚ i Ωi EÚ ΩË, V Ω l  V ± E Ú ={ M u Æ ΔS ± i Ω i ΩÈ* 16

19 b«v ± S ± x ± + v EÚi ` 60,000 i EÚ E Ú m Æ + ËÆ Ω l  S ± B V x ± ` 20,000 i EÚ E Ú m Æ EÚ ± M i EÚ 50 i i < n n E Ú {  n x EÚÆi ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, ` ± J { Æ EÚ x  E Ú J i  V ± ΔS ± i 28 m «l { i EÚB M B l, V E Ú± 28 =i{ neú  EÚ ± Ω + * ii) Ω±n E Ú { -= ± EÚ <EÚ <  EÚ + { Ãi < EÚ «GÚ EÚ =q Ω±n =i{ neú  EÚ { = ± x ± <EÚ <  EÚ ={ M EÚÆE Ú Ω±n { EÚ x E Ú Ωi Æ ËY x EÚ i Æ EÚ Â EÚ +{ x x Â Ω i n x EÚÆx ΩË* < Ω±n EÚ <π]i { { EÚ V EÚi ΩË, V +Δ i =i{ n EÚ Ωi Æ ÆΔM + ËÆ M h k n x EÚÆi ΩË* x «i E Ú ± B M h k HÚ Ω±n EÚ =i{ nx EÚÆx E Ú ± B c { Ë x { Æ Ω±n = ± x ± <EÚ <  E Ú ={ M EÚ g n V ÆΩ ΩË* < EÚ «GÚ E Ú +Δi M «i Ω±n = ± x EÚ <EÚ <«EÚ i EÚ ± M i EÚ 50 i i ` 1.50 ± J V EÚ Ω, < n n n V i ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, ` 1.15 ± J E Ú k { Ω±n = ± x ± BEÚ <EÚ <«EÚ + { Ãi EÚ M <«, V BEÚ =i{ neú EÚ ± Ω + * iii) ±  EÚ J x E Ú ± B BS b { <«/ ± { ϱ x ] EÚ + { Ãi b«eú ± S «, S «, Ω±n + ËÆ V ±  V Ë ± EÚ SUi J x E Ú ± B, U ] + ËÆ Δi =i{ neú  EÚ < n n n Æ Â { Æ BS b { <«/ ± { ϱ x ] EÚ + { Ãi EÚÆi ΩË* b«e Úxp J Æ n n Æ EÚ l EÚÆi ΩË + ËÆ V x V i EÚ x  EÚ 50 i i + ËÆ +x EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ i i < n n { Æ ]ı  EÚ + { Ãi EÚÆ i ΩË + ËÆ M ËÆ < n n Æ EÚ EfiÚπ EÚ Â u Æ Ω x EÚ V i ΩË * Ω EÚ «GÚ + Δw n, i ± ΔM x, EÚx «]EÚ, i ± x b, E ÚƱ, =c + ËÆ M V Æ i  ± M EÚ M ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, ` ± J EÚ ± M i 8. x 6. [250 V B B ] + EÚ Æ EÚ E Ú± 7,195 { ƒs { ]ı± BS b { <«i Æ{ ± ] i Æi EÚ M <«l, V ± =M x ± 1,244 EÚ x  [+.V.V. 320] EÚ ± Ω + * iv) V Ú± b -Ω±± Æ V Ú± E Ú V EÚ ΩÆ { Æi EÚ Ω l i c V i ΩË* E ÚU x S Æ EÚ x  x M h k HÚ =i{ n {i EÚÆx E Ú ± B V Ú± EÚ J ± EÚ =i Æx E Ú ± B x  EÚ ={ M EÚ ΩË* Ω EÚ S i EÚÆx E Ú l l l EÚÆ ΩË* < V x EÚ =q V Ú± E Ú EÚ x  EÚ ± M i EÚ EÚ EÚÆx E Ú l l ={ V EÚ M h k  v Æ E Ú ± B V Ú± E Ú U± E Ú =i Æx ± ={ EÚÆh EÚ ± EÚ x x ΩË* V x V Ú± =i{ neú  E Ú { 0.10 Ω C] Æ (={ V ± EÚ EÚ 20 fii ) 8 Ω C] Æ [1600 fii ] i EÚ V x ΩË, < V x E Ú +Δi M «i < n n EÚ ± {i EÚÆx E Ú { j ΩÈ* < V x E Ú +Δi M «i EÚ x Ω/ Δ Ω i Ω/M ËÆ ÆEÚ Æ ΔM `x / ± =i{ neú ] + n ± {i EÚÆx E Ú { j ΩÈ* < n n E Ú {  ={ EÚÆh EÚ ± M i EÚ 50 i i ` 42,500, V EÚ Ω, n x EÚ i ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, ` 0.15 EÚ E Ú± < n n  BEÚ x ] EÚ l { x EÚ M <«V BEÚ =i{ neú ( Ω ± :1) EÚ ± Ω + * v) V Ú± J x EÚ Δj { ÆΔ{ Æ M i {, V Ú± + ËÆ V j EÚ v {  b ± EÚÆ J V i =V «ΩË* V Ú± EÚ EÚ] <«E Ú Ë E Ú, x x E Ú Ë E Ú l ± J x E Ú EÚ Æh, V Ú± + ËÆ V j EÚ v {  J x Ω i EÚ `x x V i ΩË* ` EÚ J x E Ú EÚ Æh, B}± ] C x ± EÚ EÚ ΔGÚ h E Ú EÚ i Ω x EÚ Δ x ÆΩi ΩË* V Ú±  Ú}± ] C x EÚ ={ l i EÚ EÚ Æ h x x x «i  BEÚ c S x Ëi ΩË* V Ú± EÚ M h k E Ú < q EÚ Ω± EÚÆx E Ú ± B, J x EÚ EÚ x { + ËÆ SUi EÚ V x S ΩB* x S Æ EÚ x  x V ± x EÚ ± EÚc, V ± V Ë ËEÚ ±{ EÚ <»v x  EÚ ={ M EÚÆi Ω B E ÚU V Ú± b Æ Â EÚ M EÚÆx EÚ ΩË, V l EÚÆ + ËÆ +SU M h k E Ú V Ú± EÚ =i{ nx EÚÆx  nn ± i ΩË * < J x E Ú Â EÚ Ú EÚ + i ΩË* b Æ { Æ l i EÚ E Ú +x E Ú±, EÚ S i EÚÆx ± + ËÆ ΔS ± x  + x ΩÈ* < V x EÚ =q =i{ neú   ËE Ú x EÚ± b Æ Â E Ú ={ M EÚ g n EÚÆ M h k HÚ V Ú± + ËÆ V j E Ú =i{ nx EÚ ± EÚ x x ΩË* b«, + v EÚi ` i EÚ, b Æ EÚ ± M i EÚ 50 i i < n n E Ú {  n i + Æ Ω ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, ` 1.72 ± J EÚ E Ú± < n n V Ú± J x ± i x  ± M <«M <», V i EfiÚπ EÚ Â ( Ω ± :1) EÚ ± Ω + * 17

20 vi) E Ú Æ EÚ EÚ «GÚ E Ú Æ E Ú ± B x Δ EÚÆ h x ]ı  EÚ l { x Ω i V x E Ú +xi M «i EfiÚπ EÚ ΔP  EÚ x Æ + ËÆ ={ EÚÆ h ( ËC + ] ı b Æ, ËC + { ËÀEÚM x, <ΔEÚV ]ı x]ıæ l EÚx Æ, Ω <b ± EÚ Œ ± ]ıæ EÚÀ^ıM { ΔS x, À± M x, Œ ± ]ıæ EÚÀ^ıM b < ) EÚ ± M i EÚ 75 i i, i Á EÚ + v EÚi ` 15 ± J Ω, < n n E Ú {  n V i ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, «x EÚ ÚÆ x O «± Ú Æ Bhb b ± { Â]ı EÚ + { Æ ]ı EÊÚÀ]ıM ± ] ıb, h, { Δ{ Æ, V EÚ Æ x < V x E Ú +v x ËC + b Æ, ËC + { ËÀEÚM x (b ± S Æ ) Ω <b ± EÚ Œ ± ]ıæ EÚÀ^ıM { ΔS x, B ± x + Œ ± ]ıæ À± M b < B ]«ıb, <ΔEÚV ]ı Æ EÚ b x]ıæ l EΔÚ Æ, { Æ À]ıM ] ı ± + n EÚ l { x Ω i + n x i i EÚ l * l EÚ x Æ I h S ± x E Ú n b«x { Æ ]ı + b«æ V Æ EÚ ΩË * Δ l { x EÚ «M i { Æ ΩË * <«) V Ë EÚ J i EÚ S Æ +Δi ÆÆ π] i Æ { Æ, V Ë EÚ ± EÚ + ± V Æ i V g ÆΩ ΩË* < J Δb  V ±n EÚÆx Æi ±  EÚ x «i I i + ËÆ ΔM  v Æ Ω M * < E Ú +±, V Ë EÚ { =i{ n i ± EÚ ={ ± v i n EÚ +x n  EÚ i M i EÚ x EÚÆx  nn ± M * V Ë EÚ J i x π]  EÚ +x { ± v i + ËÆ J i  B Δ Δ EÚÆh <EÚ <  E Ú V Ë EÚ h x EÚ =SS ± M i V Ë EÚ J i EÚ g n x  J v BΔ ΩÈ* π « Â, ± E Ú V Ë EÚ =i{ nx EÚ i Ωi EÚÆx E Ú ± B, ±  EÚ V Ë EÚ J i EÚ g n x ± EΔÚ{ ] <EÚ <  EÚ l { x E Ú ± B l «x ± M EÚ M l * π « E Ú n ËÆ x E Ú± ` 0.99 ± J EÚ E Ú± < n n { Æ 33 EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ± { Ω ƒ S i Ω B E Ú± 33 EÂÚS + EΔÚ{ ]ı x ]ı  EÚ l { x EÚ M <«* i) ±  EÚ V Ë EÚ J i S Δ EÚ V Ë EÚ =i{ n  E Ú V Æ v Æ v Æ g ÆΩ ΩÈ, < ± B ={ HÚ l x   ± EÚ V Ë EÚ J i EÚ g n x EÚ EÚ Ú Δ x ΩË* b«±  EÚ V Ë EÚ J i EÚÆx E Ú ± B =i{ neú  EÚ ± M i E Ú i i EÚ < n n n EÚÆ Ω i EÚÆ ÆΩ ΩË, V EÚ + v EÚi Æ ` 12,500 i Ω C] Æ ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x M V Æ i Â Ω C] Æ I j  EÚ M <«V ±  EÚ V Ë EÚ J i E Ú + π]ı M i x {  306 EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ± Œx i EÚÆ i Ω B ` ± J EÚ ii Ω i n x EÚ M <«* ii) EΔÚ{ ] <EÚ <  E Ú ± B Ω i V Ë EÚ =i{ nx  ^ EÚ = «Æi x B ÆJ x E Ú ± B J i  V Ë EÚ + n x  EÚ =i{ nx EÚÆx + EÚ ΩË* BEÚ ]x EΔÚ{ ] EÚ =i{ nx I i ± BEÚ <EÚ <«l { i EÚÆx E Ú ± B =i{ neú  EÚ V Ë EÚ J i x π] ƒ, π { EΔÚ{ ] E Ú =i{ nx E Ú ± B, ` 3000 EÚ +x n x n V i ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, ` 0.99 ± J EÚ E Ú± < n n E Ú± 33 EΔÚ{ ] <EÚ < ƒ l { i EÚ M <», V x E Ú± 33 =i{ neú  EÚ ± Ω + * =) ±  EÚ M h k  v Æ E Ú ± B I h EÚ «GÚ (C + <«] { ) b«j ±  E Ú ± B EÚ] <«E Ú { «/ n EÚ V Æi  + ËÆ Δb Æh Ët M EÚ Â i l +ti x M h k EÚ + EÚi +  E Ú ËY x EÚ i Æ EÚ Â { Æ I i EÚÆx E Ú ± B EÚ x Â/Æ V EfiÚ π / M x M E Ú + v EÚ Æ Â, { Æ Â, M ËÆ ÆEÚ Æ ΔM `x  E Ú n  + n E Ú ± B x i { M h k v Æ I h EÚ «GÚ + V i EÚÆi ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x 190 E Úxp   E Ú± ± EÚÆ 10,841 EÚ Ã EÚ Â EÚ I i EÚÆx { Æ ` ± J J S «EÚB M B* Ω J S «BS + Æb π «E Ú +Δi M «i EÚ M l * h Æ I h Δ Δv ËÆ x S n V i ΩË : (i) 133 EfiÚπ EÚ I h EÚ «GÚ - 7,359 ( Ω ± : 1,895; +.V. 2,220; +.V.V. 551) (ii) 17 ]ıæ I h EÚ «GÚ ( Ω ± : 179; +.V. 282; +.V.V. 29) (iii) 16 n EÚ ΔM Œπ`ˆ Δ - 1,519 ( Ω ± : 304; +.V. 572; +.V.V. 170 (iv) 18 EÊÚ]ı À± E ÚV EÚ «GÚ ( Ω ± : 110; +.V. 250; +.V.V. 45) 18

21 (v) UÙΩ { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ ( Ω ± : 7; +.V. 3; +.V.V. 4) >apple) i Æ ± ΩEÚ Æ ±  E Ú =i{ nx + ËÆ EÚ] <«{ S i Δ v «x EÚ i EÚx EÚ V x EÚ Æ EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ n x ±  EÚ =i{ neúi f x + ËÆ M h k v Æx  Ωi { h «P ]EÚ ΩÈ* Ω EÚ «GÚ Ë HÚEÚ Δ{ E«Ú, I j n ËÆ, O { Ë`EÚ Â + ËÆ E ÚƱ, EÚx «]EÚ + ËÆ i ± x b Æ V   <± S (U ] ) E Ú ± B, CEÚ i l { Œ S ΔM ± Æ V   b <± S E Ú ± B B Δ =ii Æ { I j  S x M B ±  E Ú EÚ E Ú ± B l x π +  E Ú Ω i E Ú i Æ h E Ú W Æ B J i + ËÆ EÚ]ı <«{ S i xv x E Ú ËY x EÚ { Ω ± +  { Æ EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ i EÚx EÚ / i Æ Ω i { Æ W Æ n i ΩË* i Æ ± ΩEÚ Æ E Ú +±, i Æh x ] E«Ú E Ú v " x «i x J =i{ nx ' V x E Ú +v x b«e Ú =i{ nx + ËÆ EÚ] <«{ S i EÚ GÚ Â EÚ EÚ «x x EÚ V i ΩË* EÚ M E Ú { n v EÚ Æ Â E Ú i x + ËÆ k, =x E Ú j ii /në x EÚ ii, M b  EÚ J S «, EÚ «± l { x + ËÆ +x Ú]EÚÆ + n < EÚ «GÚ E Ú +v x S EÚ B V i ΩÈ* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, <± S (U ] b ) E Ú ± B E ÚƱ, i ± x b, EÚx «]EÚ, CEÚ { Œ S ΔM ± Æ V E Ú n V ± RÛ, =k Æ { Æ V + ËÆ +x ± =i{ neú I j   19,689 i Æ n ËÆ + ËÆ 1,861 Ω EÚ Ë`ˆEÂÚ/+ x + V i EÚ M <»* π « E Ú n ËÆ x i Æ ± ΩEÚ Æ E Ú +v x EÚ E Ú± J S «` 1,943 ± J l ΩÆ x v {i { Æ V x Bƒ i) BEÚ EfiÚi M x EÚ x [B + <«b BS ], EfiÚ π Δj ±, Æi ÆEÚ Æ E Ú +v x ±  E Ú EÚ] <«-{ S i EÚ Á { Æ { Æ V x Ω BEÚ EfiÚi M x EÚ x (B + <«b BS ), EfiÚ π Δj ±, Æi ÆEÚ Æ EÚ k Ω i J ± =i{ neú Æ V   + ± EÚB M B ±  E Ú EÚ] <«-{ S i EÚ «E Ú ± B b«eú BEÚ fiωn { Æ V x ΩË* < { Æ V x EÚ ={ ± v ƒ x x x Æ ΩÈ: (EÚ) 3500 [ Ω ± : 370, +.V. 18, +.V.V. 612] EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ± { Ω ΔS i Ω B b <± S, UÙ ]ı <± S, +n Æ EÚ, Ω ±n, S «, b«+ <«S ±, ± Ω x, v x, V Æ, EÚ ± S «, { n x + ËÆ EÚÆ { ii E Ú ± B 35 n «x + V i EÚB M B* (J ) M x x EÚÆh E Ú± 111 EÚ ± S «m «EÚ {± <«EÚ M <«( Ω ± : 1; +.V. 1; +.V.V. 1) E Ú± 35 V ± m «EÚ {± <«EÚ M <«* (+.V.1) <± S (U ] c ), ± ÈM + ËÆ EÚ ± S «J x E Ú ± B E Ú± 43 b «EÚ {± <«EÚ M <«* ( Ω ± : 2) E Ú± 71 V Ú± b Æ Â EÚ {± <«EÚ M <«* ( Ω ± : 4) E Ú± 68 Ω±n { ± À M x EÚ {± <«EÚ M <«* π « E Ú n ËÆ x EÚ «GÚ E Ú EÚ «x x Ω i B + <«b BS x n EÚ i   ` 150 ± J EÚ Æ x Ê S i EÚ * E Ú± 3828 EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ± { Ω Δ S i Ω B E Ú± ` ± J J S «EÚB M B + ËÆ B + <«b BS E Ú +v x ` ± J EÚ π x v EÚ π « E Ú ± B + M f V BM * (ii) + Δw n ÆEÚ Æ EÚ + Æ E Ú <«{ Æ V x + Æ E Ú <«+ Δw n E Ú +v x π « E Ú n ËÆ x {i ={ ± Œ v Δ x x x Æ ΩÈ : EÚ) ` 0.66 ± J EÚ + ` { { <«={ EÚÆh  EÚ {± <«EÚ M <«* J ) ` 18 ± J EÚ ± M i  E Ú± 13 Ω±n Ï ± Æ Â EÚ l { x EÚ M <«M ) BEÚ ± J Ø { B EÚ BEÚ Ω±n { ± Æ EÚ l { x EÚ M <«* P ) ` 2.76 ± J EÚ E Ú± ± M i  EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú ± B M Δ] Æ V ± E Ú 20 hb±  E Ú 40 O  E Ú S «Â + <«{ B E Ú ± B I h EÚ «GÚ S ± B M B* + Æ E Ú <«{ Æ V x E Ú +v x π « E Ú n ËÆ x E Ú± ` ± J J S «EÚB M B* (iii) i ± ΔM x Æ EÚ Æ EÚ + Æ E Ú <«{ Æ V x i ± ΔM x Æ EÚ Æ x { < b«u Æ S «+ ËÆ Ω ±n { Æ { Æ V x BΔ EÚ «Œx i EÚÆ x Ω i + Æ E Ú <«E Ú +v x i i ± EÚ { Æ BEÚ EfiÚi { Æ V x EÚ +x n x EÚ * { Æ V x EÚ ={ ± Œ v Δ x x x Æ ΩÈ : 19

22 1. ` 2.40 ± J E Ú E Ú± E Ú l 100 i M  E Ú l BEÚ G Úi - G Úi Ë`ˆEÚ 2. ` 0.03 ± J E Ú E Ú l BEÚ I h EÚ «GÚ + V i EÚ M, V  60 i M l * Ω i v Æ Â EÚ E Ú± 300 BS b { <«]ı  EÚ + { Ãi EÚ M <«, V EÚ E Ú± ± M i ` 2.84 ± J l * + Æ E Ú <«i ± ΔM x { Æ V x E Ú +v x π « E Ú n ËÆ x E Ú± ` 5.54 ± J J S «EÚB M B* (iv) UÙii M f E Ú i Æ Â V Ë EÚ +n Æ EÚ =i{ n x π « E Ú n ËÆ x 8.5 Ω. I j  +n Æ EÚ E Ú V Ë EÚ =i{ n x E Ú ± B, V ± x, i Æ, UÙii M g Æ EÚ Æ u Æ ` ± J EÚ E Ú± { Æ V x ± M i  UÙii M f E Ú i Æ V ±  V Ë EÚ +n Æ EÚ =i{ n x { Æ BEÚ { Æ V x EÚ +x n x EÚ M * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, 28 ± O Ω ( Ω ± : 18; +.V. : 2; +.V.V. :7) EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ` 9.12 ± J ± M i EÚ 12,820 EÚ.O. +n Æ EÚ EÚxn Æ { h O i Æ i EÚ M <«* 20

23 5. x «i EÚ B Δ Δ v «x " x «i EÚ B Δ Δ v «x V x ' E Ú +v x + ± EÚB V Æ Ω z EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ =q ± Δ EÚÆ h Â Ω <«-i EÚx ± V +{ x x =SS i Æ ± v «x i EÚx ± V  E Ú i «x i Æ E Ú =xx x + ËÆ + i EÚ n  E Ú n± i ÆI x EÚ Â EÚ { Ãi Ω i I i +  EÚ EÚ i EÚÆx  x «i EÚ Â EÚ l «x EÚÆx ΩË* ËY x EÚ v / GÚ =xx x EÚ i Æ V Ω n i ± { Æ EÚ Δ{ h «+ { Ãi fiδj ±  M h ii + ËÆ J t Æ I { Æ b«v x ÆJ i ΩË* + ΔÆ S x EÚ, ±  E Ú x B +x M B Δ x B =i{ n EÚ { Æ +x Δv x, Æ i ± Èb EÚ n  f, J ± f B V x ± / { h x EÂÚp   + Ú <«, O Àb M, Δ EÚÆ h, { ËÀEÚM, hb Æ h v BΔ ( ± { E«Ú), V Ë ± Â/V + <«±  EÚ f + n J n ± I j ΩÈ * =ii Æ { «E Ú =t  E Ú ± B π EÚ «GÚ S ± B V i ΩÈ * +) + ΔÆ S x EÚ (i) =SS i EÚx EÚ Ët M EÚ +{ x x + ËÆ GÚ =z x Ω i Æ ± - Œ{i E Ú ± B ±   =SS i Æ ± - v «x EÚ g n x Ω i + ËÆ x «i i ±  EÚ M h ii + ËÆ J t- Æ I +Δi Æ «π] ı M h ii +{ I +  E Ú +x { x Œ S i EÚÆ i Ω B Ω EÚ «GÚ { ΔV EfiÚi x «i x «i EÚ Â EÚ ± - Δ EÚÆ h  =SS - Ët M EÚ +{ x x + ËÆ =x E Ú { ËV n i EÚx ± V Â/ v +  E Ú =z x E Ú ± B Ω i -+x n x n x EÚÆ i ΩË * Ω i EÚ Δ EÚÆ h { ËÀEÚM EÚ x Æ /={ EÚÆ, t i Δ l { x + ËÆ { Æ «J V «E Ú 33 i i ΩË, V x I j  i ± l + v EÚi ` ± J + ËÆ =ii Æ { I j Ω i π I j E Ú ± B ± M i EÚ 50 i i + v EÚi ` ± J, V EÚ ΩË * i EÚx EÚ =z x EÚ V x n G Úi +  EÚ +{ I +  E Ú +x { =SS i ± v «x + ËÆ M h ii x EÚ Â E Ú =i{ n  E Ú x «h E Ú ± B x «i EÚ Â EÚ +{ x ËV n Δ EÚÆ h /{ ËÀEÚM v +  E Ú =z x Ω i x i Æ EÚ ii Ω i n x EÚÆ i ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, { ƒs x «i EÚ Â EÚ Ω <«-] ıeú +{ x x / i EÚx ± V =z x E Ú ± B E Ú± ` ± J EÚ ii Ω i n x EÚ M <«* (ii) M h ii x Δj h M ± +  EÚ l { x /=z x Ω EÚ «GÚ =x { ΔV EfiÚi x «i x «i EÚ Â E Ú Ω i l «ΩË, V x EÚV x + π Â, B}± ]ı ŒC x, Ë i EÚ, Æ x EÚ B Δ I V Ë EÚ Δn π EÚ Â EÚ { Ω S x Ω i =i{ n  EÚ M h ii { Æ z { ËÆ ]ıæ  E Ú ± π h EÚÆ x EÚ v Bƒ l { i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B <x -Ω = M h ii x Δj h M ±  EÚ l { x /=z x EÚÆ x S Ω i ΩÈ * <x -Ω = M h ii x Δj h M ± +  EÚ l { x /=z x E Ú ± B Ω i M ± ={ EÚÆ /={ EÚÆ h, EÚ ƒs E Ú Æ i x, M ± Úx S Æ i l t i Δ l { x Â Ω i +x ={ v x  { Æ «S V Á EÚ ± M i E Ú 33 i i i EÚ i ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x i x x «i EÚ Â x Ω v {i EÚ, < EÚ «E Ú ± B E Ú± Ω i -+x n x ` ± J EÚ Æ Ω * (iii) M h ii h x, V ƒs x x  EÚ v x + ËÆ M ± EÚ Ã EÚ Â EÚ I h { < b«± x «i EÚ Â EÚ +{ x Δ EÚÆ h x ]ı   + <«B +, BS B { V Ë M h ii h ± Δ i l x M h ii h x +{ x x  n n EÚÆ i ΩË * + <«B + / BS B { /V B { + n E Ú ± B Δ EÚÆ h x ]ı  E Ú i x / h x E Ú ± B J S «EÚB M B S V Á EÚ 33 i i Ω i -+x n x E Ú {  n V BM * b«n   M ± +  E Ú v x / x EÚ EÚÆ h Ω i ± π h -S V «EÚ ± M i E Ú {  + ËÆ x «i EÚ Â E Ú M ± -EÚ Ã EÚ Â EÚ +xi Æ «π] ı M ± + Â, Æ i : B B Ú b B + ËÆ <«u Æ +x n i,  +{ x i EÚx EÚ V x EÚ Æ EÚ =z x EÚÆ x E Ú S V «/J S «E Ú {  ii Ω i n x EÚÆ i ΩË * + ) { Æ Δ v «x (i) { Æ x x  EÚ n V x b«=x x «i EÚ Â EÚ Ω i EÚÆ i ΩË, V G Úi +  ƒm E Ú i EÚ x x  E Ú + v Æ { Æ { Æ EÚ ± x n x EÚ +Œxi { 21

24 n x + ËÆ + v EÚ Ω i b«i π «+ v EÚi ` 50,000 E Ú EÚ Æ Æ S V Á EÚ i { Ãi EÚÆ i ΩË * < EÚ «GÚ E Ú +v x ±  E Ú { ΔV EfiÚi x «i x «i EÚ, V xωâ ± x h { j / { < b«± ÏM ΩË, V Ë ±  E Ú h i EfiÚπ EÚ + ËÆ x «i EÚ B Δ Ëhb { ΔV EfiÚi x «i EÚ + i ΩÈ * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, b«x UÙΩ x «i EÚ Â EÚ E Ú± ` 1.91 ± J EÚ ii Ω i i Æ i EÚ * (ii) Δ v «x i EÚ Ω i / Æ h { Œ i EÚ +  EÚ p h =i{ n E Ú G Úi +  EÚ + EÚÃπ i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B Δ v «x i EÚ Ω i + ËÆ Æ h { Œ i EÚ l EÚ Δ v «x i EÚ O ΩË * x «i EÚ, V x E Ú { B BS /± ÏM + ËÆ b«e Ú l Æ V ] ı EfiÚi Èb / V Ë h x ΩË, {± x + v E Ú n ËÆ x J S «E Ú 50 i i EÚ n Æ { Æ Ω i ± x E Ú { j ΩÈ, i Ê EÚ + v EÚi ` 2.00 ± J i Æ h { Œ i EÚ Ω + ËÆ + v EÚ + v EÚ n Æ Ω * +{ x i i n J Æ n n Æ Â EÚ n x EÚB V x ± =i{ n  +  i l x «i EÚ Â EÚ I i I i +  E Ú Æ Â { Æ S i EÚÆ x ± Δ v «x i EÚ Ω i / Æ h { Œ i EÚ +  E Ú p h, b Ú± / b, +x <± C] ı Ï x EÚ {  EÚ l «x b«u Æ EÚ V i ΩË * (iii) { ËE ÚÀV M EÚ + ËÆ Æ EÚ Àb M Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h < EÚ «GÚ EÚ ± I n { h Â Â Æ i ±  EÚ Ãr i ± Ú ± < Ú, hb Æ h V M Ω EÚ EÚÆ x, +x Æ J h i l { i EÚÆ x + ËÆ Ω i Æ i i E Ú ± B x «i { ËE Ú V RÛ EÚ Δ v «x + ËÆ + v x EÚ EÚÆ h ± I EfiÚi ΩË * Æ V ] ı EfiÚi x «i EÚ Ω Ω i { ËE Ú V RÛ EÚ + ËÆ Æ EÚ Àb M Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h EÚ ± M i E Ú 50 i i, i Ê EÚ i π «i x «i EÚ + v EÚi ` 1.00 ± J Ω, Ω i {i EÚÆ EÚi ΩË * <) =i{ n EÚ B Δ +x Δv x n  =i{ ni ±  x B +Δi { M + ËÆ +x M EÚ i EÚÆx EÚ +SU Δ x Bƒ Ω i ΩÈ* <x =i{ n Â/ { x  EÚ ± {i =xωâ EÚ Â b Â] E Ú { Â Ω x «i EÚÆx V ± ± EÚi l, = Ω i V n Ω M * S Δ EÚ + v EÚi ± ± E Ú l { ]Â] ± x ± EÚ =i{ n  E Ú fiv x  x B +Δi i{ n  EÚ { EÚ Ω EÚ Ω M, ±  E Ú { Ëπ h EÚ, + Ëπ v B ƒ EÚ Δ i r«eú ±  E Ú ËY x EÚ +x Δv x EÚ +{ I ÆJ x ± ±  E Ú +Δi i{ n  E Ú EÚ EÚ W Æi ΩË* Ω V x =i{ n +x Δv x / EÚ x Ën x EÚ V ƒs, { ] ıà]ım + ËÆ { Æ I h { h x Ω i ii Ω i n x EÚÆ i ΩË * Æ V ] ı EfiÚi x «i - x «i EÚ B Δ x i {i +x Δv x Δ l BΔ, V ±  E Ú x B +xi i{ n EÚ EÚ i EÚÆ x S Ω i ΩÈ + ËÆ V x Ën x EÚ V ƒs  ± M Æ Ω x S Ω i ΩÈ, ±  EÚ Y i M h π i +  EÚ n i V x x + ËÆ r EÚÆ x S Ω i ΩÈ, =xωâ Ω Ω i n V i ΩË * +x Δv x + ËÆ +v x E Ú v S Æ h  EÚ { Ãi E Ú + v Æ { Æ i EÚ i  Â, J S «E Ú 50 i i EÚ n Æ { Æ + v EÚi ` 25 ± J Ω, Ω i - +x n x E Ú { Â Æ EÚ i Æ i EÚ V BM * b«x < V x E Ú +xi M «i π « E Ú n ËÆ x ` 5.17 ± J E Ú Ω i -+x n x EÚ i Æ h EÚ * <«) =ii Æ -{ I j  ± Δ EÚÆ h Æi E Ú +x M  E Ú =i{ n  EÚ i ± x  =k Æ{ I j +± M - +± M i I h i B Δ l x M h  Ωi, V Ë EÚ i Æ E Ú f <«M <«<± S ( b ), S «, Ω±n + ËÆ +næeú V Ë ±  EÚ =i{ nx EÚÆi ΩË* ± EÚx =k Æ-{ «EÚ ± EÚÆ { Æ EÚ + v EÚ Δ ÀS i x «i =t M EÚ + EÚi +  EÚ { Ãi Ω i x «i M + v π + ËÆ Δ EÚÆh v +  EÚ +{ «{i i E Ú Æ Â ΩÈ * Ω V x, =ii Æ { B Δ { Ω b Æ V  E Ú ± EfiÚπ EÚ Â, Ω EÚ Æ Â, EfiÚπ EÚ ΔP Â, ± EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ i x v i EÚÆ x ± Bx V + B Δ Ë ŒCi EÚ =t  EÚ ±  EÚ l EÚ Δ EÚÆ h v +  EÚ l { x Ω i ii Ω i ={ ± v EÚÆ x E Ú ± B i i ΩË * EÚ Æ EÚ l EÚ Δ EÚÆ h v +  EÚ ± M i E Ú 33 i i EÚ n Æ { Æ, i Ê EÚ + v EÚi ` 25 ± J Ø { B Ω, V x v E Ú n ËÆ x i ± l Ω i -+x n x ={ ± v EÚÆ V i ΩË * EfiÚπ EÚ n ± E Ú ± B l EÚ Δ EÚÆ h v E Ú J S «E Ú 50 i i i EÚ EÚ Ω i n V i ΩË * =) Èb Δ v V x < EÚ «GÚ EÚ =q, +x Æ J h i B Δ J t Æ I E Ú { π]ı ΔE Úi E Ú l n ={ Ci +  EÚ { Ω ƒ S E Ú i Æ M h ii Ci Æ i ± Èb  EÚ { x EÚ Æ i n J x E Ú ={  EÚ fiδj ± +  E Ú W Æ B S x Ω <«n { h Â Â Æ i Èb  E Ú E Ú ± B Ω i n x ΩË * < EÚ «GÚ E Ú +v x x «i EÚ Â EÚ, V xω Âx +{ x Èb Æ V ] ı EfiÚi EÚ ΩË, i Ëhb BEÚ EÚÆ b Ø { B EÚ ii Ω i V Æ Ω E Ú {  n V BM * 22

25 S x i W Æ Â B Δ S x i n Ω Æ Â Â x Ãn π]ı Èb  EÚ { x E Ú l x  EÚ { i ± M x E Ú =q E Ú l ± À]ıM / ± œ ]ım ±EÚ, Δ v «x i EÚ J S «E Ú 100 i i i EÚ + ËÆ =i{ n EÚ EÚ ± M i E Ú 50 i i i EÚ { Æ < V x E Ú +v x S Æ EÚ V BM * >apple) n  { h +v x = S i ± x, Δ v «x i EÚ + ËÆ { h x ={  E Ú { x E Ú ± B Æi ± =i{ n  E Ú I j  + ËÆ +x Ωi { h «C]Æ Â EÚ M ΩÆ +v x EÚ V x ΩË* b«u Æ { h ÊI h Æ i ±  EÚ W i Â, EÚ W Æ Â, + ΔEÚ +  + ËÆ + Æ Â EÚ { i ± M x Â Ω EÚ Ω M * +{ x x «i EÚ Á EÚ fδ M Δ ± x E Ú ± B n ± i { h { Æ Â + ËÆ +x x  E Ú l + v EÚ = S i ± Ω EÚ +{ I Æ J x ± ± P x «i EÚ Â B Δ x M xi EÚ Â E Ú ± B Ω +v x Ω i { h «x i ΩË * < +v x E Ú + v Æ { Æ, x «i EÚ Â E Ú Èb Δ v «x  EÚ l «x EÚ V i ΩË +Δi Æ «π] { Æ ± Â/ nã x Â/ Ë`EÚ Â i l I h   i M i (i) b«eú i M i b«, Æ i x «i EÚ Â n + i EÚ Â E Ú S EÚ BEÚ +Δi Æ «π] ı EÚb ΩË * +Δi Æ «π] ı W Æ Â Â Æ i ±  E Ú =z x E Ú ± B +{ x { Ω ± E Ú M E Ú {  { < b«j +Δi Æ «π] ı { Æ ±   M ± i ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, b«x ` ± J E Ú E Ú± { Æ 10 +Δi Æ «π] ±   M ± * (ii) x «i EÚ Â EÚ i M i +Δi Æ «π] ± + ËÆ nã x ƒ =x E Ú M n Æ Â EÚ +{ x =i{ n  i l +  EÚ f n x EÚ + Δ x Bƒ n x EÚÆi ΩÈ* { ΔV EfiÚi x «i EÚ, V x E Ú { Æ i ± ± ÏM / ± x h { j ΩË V Ë ±  EÚ h i EfiÚπ EÚ + ËÆ x «i EÚ i l x «i EÚ, V x E Ú Èb x b«e Ú l Æ V ] ı EfiÚi ΩÈ, Ω i {i EÚÆ EÚi ΩÈ * Ω Ω i { Æ ± E Ú n ËÆ E Ú ± B Ω <«b (<EÚx /BC EÚ «x C± ) EÚ i { Ãi E Ú {  ± ÏM /B BS v Æ EÚ Â E Ú ± B i π «i x «i EÚ + v EÚ + v EÚ ` 60,000 + ËÆ Æ V ] ı EfiÚi Èb + ËÆ V Ë h { j v Æ EÚ Â E Ú ± B ` 40,000 i EÚ ΩË * i Δj ]ı ϱ EÚÆ B { Æ ± x E Ú ± Â Ω Ω i ± M i E Ú 50 i i, + v EÚ + v EÚ ` 1.00 ± J i x «i EÚ i EÚ, i Ω M * π « E Ú n ËÆ x < V x E Ú +v x ` 1.20 ± J EÚ E Ú± Æ i Æ i EÚ M <«* (iii) { h EÚ Ω i (B b B) { «i π «Â ` 30 EÚÆ b i EÚ E Ú B Ú.+.. ± E Ú x «i ± Æ V ] ı EfiÚi x «i -EΔÚ{ x Δ Æ i +{ x x Ãn π]ı =i{ n Â/ { h  E Ú x «i E Ú ± B x <«{ h ƒ f ƒ f x EÚ ± x Ω i n  { Æ EÚ i x v hb ± Â/G Úi - G Úi Ë`ˆEÚ Â/ ± Â/ n «x   i M i ± x E Ú ± B h V B Δ =t M Δj ± E Ú B b B M «x nê  E Ú +x Æ ÆΔ EÚ n ËÆ Â Ω i { x E Ú { j ΩÈ * x I j E Ú +±, π n I j  V Ë EÚ Ú EÚ (B± B ), Ú EÚ (+ Ú EÚ ), Ú EÚ ( + <«B ) B Δ Ú EÚ (+ x + 2) ΩÈ, x «i Δ v «x EÚ «GÚ { Æ < EÚ «GÚ E Ú +v x ii Ω i E Ú ± B S Æ EÚ V i ΩË * Ω Ω i, < i «E Ú +v x Ω M EÚ x «i EÚ x Δ Œxv i <«{ E Ú l 12 Ω x  EÚ n i { Æ EÚ ΩË + ËÆ x i { Δ Œxv i <«{ / ΔM `ˆx E Ú l Æ h i i EÚ ΩË * Ω Ω i, { j ± x «i EÚ Â EÚ i M i Ω i =SS i E Ú +v x <EÚ x /BC EÚ «x C± EÚ Ω <«b + ËÆ i Ë Æ n ]ı ϱ E Ú S V «E Ú ± B ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x S Æ x «i EÚ Â x ` 3.46 ± J EÚ B b B Ω i {i EÚ * B) Æ i ± ± ÏM + ËÆ ] ıb E«Ú b«s Àx n i ËÆ { Æ B x «i EÚ Â, V x E Ú { h i Δ EÚÆ h + ËÆ M h ii x Δj h I i ΩË + ËÆ n ËÆ { Æ =SS i Æ l EÚÆ + ËÆ Ú <«EÚ +x Æ I h EÚÆ i ΩÈ, Ω ± ÏM n x EÚÆ i ΩË * EÚ V x E Ú Δ EfiÚi { ËEÚ EÚB M B ±  ± =i{ n  E Ú { ΔV EfiÚi x «i EÚ < ± ÏM EÚ «GÚ E Ú +v x + i ΩÈ * x «i EÚB M B { ËEÚ Â { Æ ± ÏM ± M x ={ Ci Æ i ±   +Δi Ãx Ω i M h π i +  =x EÚ {i Æ i E Ú Æ Â + M i Ω V BΔM * <«J + i EÚ n   ± ÏM E Ú ] ıb E«Ú EÚ Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h EÚ M ΩË * B ) Èb x EÚ Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h " Èb x EÚ Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h ' x EÚ < EÚ «GÚ EÚ =q Æ i Èb x  E Ú +v x ={ Ci { ËEÚ Â Â ± Â/ ± =i{ n  E Ú x «i EÚ l «x EÚÆ x + ËÆ Èb EÚB M B ={ Ci { ËEÚ Â EÚ i V f x ± { h  +{ x Ω {i EÚÆ x ΩË * b«x Æ i { ËE ÚÀV M Δ l x E Ú l { Æ «EÚÆ E Ú z x ]ı 23

26 V x E Ú z ±  E Ú ± B { ËÀEÚM x EÚ x Ãn π]ı EÚB ΩË * Èb Æ V ] ı EfiÚi x «i EÚ Â EÚ Ω Æ i x ± n +{ x Æ V ] ı x EÚ x EÚÆ h EÚÆ x S Ω B* π « E Ú n ËÆ x { ΔS x «i EÚ Â x +{ x Èb  EÚ Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h / x EÚÆ h EÚ * + ) Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h ± < ÂÀ M Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h ± < ÂÀ M b«e Ú x EÚ EÚ Á EÚ BEÚ Ω ΩË * <± S (UÙ ]ı b ) E Ú { Æ E Ú ± B b«x ± EÚi «B Δ ËΩ Æ ± <  i l ±  E Ú x «i EÚ E Ú {  { ΔV EÚÆ h h { j ( + Æ <«B ) V Æ EÚÆ i ΩË * + Æ <«B B Δ ËΩ Æ x ± EÚi «± <  i x ±  EÚ J hb + v +l «i π « E Ú ± B V Æ EÚB V i ΩÈ * π « E Ú n ËÆ x { < - b«x ±  E Ú x «i EÚ E Ú {  1,279 Æ V ] ı EÚÆ h h { j  ( + Æ <«B ) i l 106 <± S ËΩ Æ +x Y Œ{i  B Δ BEÚ x ± EÚii «+x Y Œ{i EÚ i Æ h EÚ * + Ë) x «i EÚ { Æ EÚ Æ { < b«x Ω Æ π «z h  E Ú ±  EÚ =iefiúπ]ı x «i EÚÆ x ± x «i EÚ Â EÚ + n Æ EÚÆ x Ω i x «i { Æ EÚ Æ B Δ ] ı Ú Â EÚ l EÚ ΩË * +Δ) J { Ω ± (i) ± { E«Ú EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ +{ x =i{ n E Ú ± B Ω i Æ ± ± + ËÆ { EÚ W Æ ± V x E Ú ± B Ci x x EÚ o Œπ]ı J ± =i{ n x / { h E Úxp Â Â Ú ± π ± { EÚ Á EÚ l { x EÚ M <«ΩË * { E«Ú EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ Ú <«, O Àb M, { ËÀEÚM B Δ { ΔGÚ h E Ú ± B + + ΔÆ S x v +  EÚ ={ M EÚÆ x  EÚÆ x i ΩÈ, V =i{ n EÚ M h ii + ËÆ i u Æ Ω i Æ ± x Œ S i EÚÆ i ΩË * { E«Ú EÚ ËY x EÚ { ËÀEÚM + ËÆ Æ Ω =À M v BΔ i l M ± EÚ M h ii V ƒs v = <± E Ú Â =i{ n i ±  EÚ O M h ii v Æ i ΩÈ * ± { E«Ú, ±  B Δ ± =i{ n  EÚ J i, Ú ± { Æ xi EÚ «, ± v «x E Ú ± B Δ EÚÆ h, { ËE ÚÀV M + ËÆ hb Æ h Ω i BEÚ BEÚ EfiÚi S ± x E Ú ± B S Æ i { r i ΩË * b«x J =i{ n EÚ/ { h E Úxp Â Â Ú ± π ± { EÚ Á EÚ l { x EÚ ΩË / b«u Æ EÚ V Æ Ω ΩË * i «x  l { i / l { x E Ú +v x ± { EÚ Á EÚ l x x x x Æ ΩË : GÚ. Δ. l x /Æ V +v x l ± Œ l i 1 ÀUÙn c, v n ± Ω x, S «fiii ΩË 2 { ^ıb, E ÚÆ ± EÚ ± S «<± S fiii ΩË 3 V v { Æ, Æ V l x V Æ v x fiii ΩË 4 M x, v n v x fiii ΩË 5 M x] ıæ, + xw n S «fiii ΩË 6 M ΔM, i ± x b Ω ±n S «{ Æ Ω M 7 EÚ ]ı, Æ V l x v x, V Æ { Æ Ω M 8 Æ <«Æ ±, =ii Æ n { n x { Æ Ω M ± { EÚ Á E Ú +x Æ I h Ω i π « E Ú n ËÆ x E Ú± ` ± J J S «EÚB M B* (ii) ŒCEÚ Â { < EÚ ƒ{± C ŒCEÚ Æ EÚ Æ x { < b«eú 10 BEÚb W x + Δ ]ıi EÚ ΩË, V  + `ˆ BEÚb ± EÚ Ï {± C EÚ l { x Ω i + ËÆ n BEÚb Æ V Æ EÚ Æ E Ú ={ M l «ΩË * b«x ŒCEÚ Â ± EÚ ƒ{± C EÚ l { x Ω i <«+ + <«+ Œxj i EÚÆ x n EÚSS b { + Æ i Ë Æ EÚ ΩË * (iii) <± S E Ú ± B <± C] Ï x EÚ x ± <± S (U ] ) EÚ <-x ± E ÚƱ E Ú <b CEÚ V ± E Ú { ^b + ËÆ i ± x b E Ú bx EÚxx Æ E Ú ± { EÚ Á  V Æ ÆΩ * EÚx «]EÚ + ËÆ Ω Æ π] ı V Ë +x Æ V   <± S (UÙ ] ) E Ú ± B + ËÆ CEÚ EÚ n V M Ω Â { Æ b <± S E Ú ± B ± ± M EÚÆ 24

27 x ± V Æ ÆJ M <«* <± S ( { h x + ËÆ +x Y {i EÚÆh ) x, 1987 EÚ Δ v x EÚ M + ËÆ x <«+ v S x V Æ EÚ M <«, V h ± EÚ + v EÚ i M, { Æn x BM + ËÆ x ± EÚk «+  + ËÆ EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú ± B M i x EÚ EÚ EÚÆ M * < x <«GÚ Â <-x ± EÚk «+x Y {i + ËÆ Ëx +± x ± EÚk «+x Y {i E Ú ± B Æ V ] EÚÆh ±EÚ GÚ : ` 50,000 + ËÆ ` 5,000 ΩÈ* l Ω, <-x ± EÚi «+x Y Œ{i E Ú ± B, + neú EÚ = J Δb + v E Ú ± B, V E Ú E Ú ± B + neú x ± EÚk «+x Y {i { x S Ωi ΩË, v x ÈEÚ M ËÆΔ] E Ú {  +{ I i i i V Æ n x Ω M * b«x b x EÚz Æ E Ú +{ x n EÚ EÚ «± { Æ Æ Â BEÚ <-x ± E Úxp EÚ l { x EÚ ΩË + ËÆ +v I, { < b«u Æ 30 <«, 2016 EÚ < EÂÚp EÚ =n P ]ıx EÚ M * (iv) Mx S Æ ] ϱ }± Æ ]ı ±  E Ú i ËEÚ Δ]ıx + ËÆ Æ EÚÆ Æ Æ J x EÚ { Ω ± ΩË * }± Æ ]ı B Ú Á, V Ω Δ ±  EÚ J i BEÚ { ÆΔ { Æ + ËÆ ΩË, π`ˆi ± S x ± i ΩË * M h ii E Ú i Ω Æ S x r i + ËÆ r i E Ú l x EÚ]ıi Æ i ±  EÚ + i EÚ M Ω Æ <«i EÚ { Ω ƒ S V i ΩË * }± Æ ]ı { Æ + v x EÚ n x Â Æ i ±  EÚ M Δv ËÚ± x EÚ EÚ EÚÆ i ΩË * ±  EÚ Ω ± i }± Æ ]ı E Ú l ^ı  EÚ EÚÆ x ± ± M  u Æ Æ I i Æ J V i ΩË * }± Æ ]ı { h EÚ M i v  E Ú +x Æ EÚ EÚÆ x ± ± M  E Ú Â EÚ Ω n n i ΩË * Ω + Ãl EÚ i l V EÚ +Δi Ê x ± x Ω i EfiÚπ EÚ Â, Œ ± i EÚ i EÚ Â EÚ n n EÚÆ i ΩË * }± Æ ]ı M i ± EfiÚπ EÚ Â x n ΔM `ˆx EÚ, V x EÚ n i c Ω x i + { EÚ J Ω ± E Ú ± B π`ˆ M h ii ± ± x Œ S i EÚÆ i ΩË, BEÚ n Æ ± EÚÆ E Ún Æ i EÚ { ÆΔ { Æ EÚ + v x EÚ n x E Ú l V c i ΩË * ~± Æ ]ı v Æ i + ËÆ Ω ƒ EÚ V x i E Ú l ± <«E Ú ± B Ã{ i ΩË * Ω + v x EÚ V x - ˱ E Ú ± B +x E Ú±, { Æ Œ l i -+x E Ú± i Æ E Ú { ËEÚ EÚB M B ±  E Ú EÚ n B Δ M Δv x Œ S i EÚÆ i ΩË * <x M h ii ± ±  EÚ f n x Ω i { < b«x EÚ S x E Ú ± ± ϱ + ËÆ n ±±  " { < <Œhb ' x EÚ i x Mx S Æ ]ı ±  EÚ l { x EÚ ΩË * (v) œ±± b x + <«± Èb, EÚ SS  ± ΔO Ω ± { ]«ı ] ı ]ı x { < b« x]ı W x + Δ ]ıi EÚ ΩË * b«x À± M]ıx u {  { ^ ı + v Æ { Æ ± ΔO Ω ± + ËÆ Mx S Æ ]ı ± EÚÆ x E Ú ± B EÚ S x { ]«ı ] ı ]ı E Ú l Z Ëi Y { x (B + ) x ΩË * ΔO Ω ± Mx S Æ ]ı ± EÚ =q { «]ıeú  EÚ M Δ v i ΔV x i Ë Æ EÚÆ x E Ú ± B + ËÆ z EÚ Æ E Ú ±  E Ú ± B Ω Æ EÚ SS EÚ Â]ı fi i S ºx E Ú { Â Æ Δn Æ i ± J Æ n x EÚ n n EÚÆ x ΩË * Ω J ±  EÚ U Ùx + ËÆ Ω EÚÆ x E Ú +± ± Δ Δv V x EÚ Æ EÚ +ti x x BM * b«x b { + Æ i Ë Æ EÚÆ x EÚ EÚ «BEÚ BV  EÚ È{ ΩË * (vi) + <«+ <«{ B, ΔM ± Ø Â { < b«<œhb S Æ Ú Æ { { < b«x ""EÚ b] b «+ Ï Ú <Œhb S Æ Ú Æ { '' EÚ «GÚ E Ú +v x Æ S «S Æ l { i EÚÆx E Ú ± B Æi M x Δv x Δ l x [+ <«+ <«{ B ], ΔM ± Ø EÚ k Ω i n x EÚ * Æ S «S Æ EÚ +v I i BEÚ Æπ` ΔEÚ / { ] b C]Ʊ Ú±± u Æ S Æ Ú Æ E Ú {  EÚ V i ΩË* b«x b Ï. V.E Ú. t ΔEÚÆ, ={ x n EÚ { < b«eú n ± E Ú ± B S Æ Ú Æ { Ω i i x Ci EÚ ΩË * S Æ E Ú +x Δv x x πeúπ «/+v x / EÚ x +{ I i I j E Ú ± B + EÚ V x EÚ Æ n x EÚÆÂM + ËÆ ± C]Æ E Ú ± B Ωi { h «Δ v x E Ú {  EÚ EÚÆÂM * π « Â { < b«x + <«+ <«{ B, EÚ "" { < b«+ Ï Ú <Œhb S Æ Ú Æ { '' E Ú ± B S Æ l { i EÚÆx E Ú ± B ` ± J EÚ Ãπ EÚ +x n x n ΩË* < x v EÚ M S Æ l { i EÚÆx, < E Ú +x Δv x + ËÆ B + Æ { GÚ EÚ± { + ËÆ { < b«e Ú { Æ «± I j E Ú xx +v x EÚ «v V b V x  E Ú ± B EÚ V BM * b«u Æ M `i BEÚ x ]ÀÆM i <x EÚ Æ«<  i l + <«+ <«{ B u Æ x v E Ú ={ M EÚ x ]ÀÆM + ËÆ { x Æ I EÚÆ M * (vii) G Úi - G Úi Ë`EÂÚ ±  EÚ Ú «M ] EÚ i + ËÆ ]à x ± V Æ ± E Ú S EÚ Ú +Δi Æ ΩË* ± fiδj ± EÚ v Æx + ËÆ EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ Ωi Æ ± ± E Ú ± B b«x, EfiÚπ EÚ Â/EfiÚπ EÚ ΔP Â, M ËÆ ÆEÚ Æ ΔM `x Â, x «i EÚ Â + ËÆ Δ l M i G Úi +  EÚ =x E Ú S Δ{ E«Ú 25

28 l { i EÚÆx + ËÆ { h S Ëx ± S Ë ±  EÚ x EÚ ± x E Ú ± B =xωâ BEÚ Ω ΔS { Æ ± i Ω B =k Æ { I j Ωi ± f B V x ± I j Â Â π « E Ú n ËÆ x M Ω ]ı, EÚ ]ı + ËÆ ΩË n Æ n  i x G Úi - G Úi Ë`EÚ Â EÚ + V x EÚ ΩË * (viii) ±  EÚ V + <«Æ V ] ı x { < b«x ± Æ { {{ Æ, B± {{ O x EÚ b«, E ÚM «O x EÚ b«, M h] ıæ z S ±± B Δ n M S ±± E Ú ± B V + <«Æ V ] ı x {i EÚ ΩË * 26

29 6. { Æ S x ±  E Ú x «i, + i, I j, =i{ nx, x ± + ËÆ P Æ ± +Δi Æ «π] EÚ i Â Δ Δ v i + ΔEÚc  E Ú ΔO Ω, ΔEÚ± x, ± π h + ËÆ Æ EÚ n i { h x M EÚ { Æ S x EÚ ΩË* ±EÚ v EÚÆh u Æ V Æ EÚ V x ± x «i EÚ në x EÚ S (b B± <«) Æi ±  E Ú EÚ +x x i x «i EÚ ΔEÚ ± i EÚÆx E Ú ± B V x EÚ Æ EÚ J ª i ΩË* < i ÆΩ, ±EÚ u Æ V Æ EÚ M <«+ i  EÚ në x EÚ S (b B± + <«) Æi  ±  E Ú EÚ + i EÚ +x x ± M x EÚ ª i ΩË* b«eú + v Æ { Æ ±  E Ú x «i /+ i E Ú Æh  EÚ ΔEÚ ± i EÚÆi ΩË + ËÆ +{ x Ωi v ÆEÚ Â + ËÆ Δj ± / M  EÚ ± E Ú x «i + ËÆ + i E Ú + ΔEÚc x i { Æi EÚÆi ΩË* < =q E Ú ± B b«eú S x, V Bx { ], S xx <«, i i EÚ Æx, Δp, EÚ± EÚk, { ] { ±, Ω v { Æ, ÆC ˱, + fii Æ + n J ΔnÆM Ω Â b B± <«+ ËÆ b B± + <«n x  EÚ x i { ΔO Ω EÚÆi ΩË* < E Ú +± b«e Ú n EÚ EÚ «±  E Ú v < =q E Ú ± B S x BEÚj EÚ V i ΩË* b«+{ x <]  + ËÆ EÚ x  E Ú v +Δ i ={ M EÚi «+  EÚ x i + v Æ { Æ Æi + ËÆ n  E Ú J V Æ Â E Ú ± B ±  EÚ P Æ ± + ËÆ +Δi ÆÆ π] EÚ i  ΔEÚ ± i + ËÆ Æi EÚÆi ΩË* <Δ b { {{ Æ BΔb { < ] b B B x, EfiÚ π =i{ n { h x i Δ, { Æ ΔM `x, +Δi Æ «π] { Æ EÂÚp (V x ), +Δi Æ «π] { {{ Æ n, (<Δb x ), B.B. < BΔb EΔÚ{ x, (+ Æ EÚ ) V Ë BV Â Δ EÚ i  EÚ Æh BEÚj EÚÆx E Ú J ª i ΩÈ* V x EÚ Æ Δ b«e Ú n EÚ EÚ «± + ËÆ +Δi ÆÆ π] BV   EÚ n i E Ú v BEÚj EÚ V i ΩÈ* S Δ EÚ b«<± S (U ] + ËÆ c ) E Ú =i{ nx E Ú EÚ E Ú ± B V n Æ ΩË, < ± B { Æ S x b«eú I j <EÚ <  E Ú v + V i I j E Ú x x  E Ú +v x E Ú Ω M <x ±  E Ú I j, =i{ nx + ËÆ =i{ neúi EÚ +x x ± M i ΩË* +x ±  E Ú I j + ËÆ =i{ nx EÚ Æh, ΔEÚ± x E Ú ± B Æ V E Ú +l «j + ËÆ Δ J EÚ /EfiÚ π / M x M / b B B b BEÚ j i EÚ V i ΩË* { h v Æ Â + ËÆ x i x «i +  EÚ b«e Ú EÚ x  + ËÆ l Ω <] E Ú v ±  E Ú I j + ËÆ =i{ nx E Ú Æ Â V x EÚ Æ n V i ΩË* x «i EÚ Â EÚ { ΔV EÚÆh ( x ) E Ú +x Æ, { ΔV EfiÚi ± x «i EÚ Â E Ú ± B +{ x j Ë EÚ x «i Æ]x «b«e Ú I V EÚÆx + EÚ ΩË* i «x  ± M M 6150 x «i EÚ b«e Ú l { ΔV EfiÚi ΩÈ + ËÆ { Æ S x <x x «i EÚ Â E Ú j Ë EÚ x «i Æ]x «EÚ ΔEÚ± x EÚÆi ΩË + ËÆ ±  E Ú x «i EÚ Æ x «i EÚ b ] x B ÆJ i ΩË* < b ] EÚ ={ M EÚÆE Ú, b«e Ú <] E Ú v i EÚ ± E Ú +O h x «i EÚ Â E Ú Æh ΔEÚ ± i + ËÆ EÚ i EÚÆi ΩÈ* { < b«<± S E Ú { Æ E Ú ± B, b«u Æ b x EÚz Æ, i ± x b + ËÆ { ^ b, E ÚƱ  EÚ i <«-x ± EÂÚp  E Ú v <«-x ± EÚ + V x EÚÆi ΩË* në x EÚ x ± EÚ j + ËÆ <± S EÚ EÚ i EÚ Æh b«e Ú <] { Æ në x EÚ + v Æ { Æ ΔEÚ ± i + ËÆ EÚ i EÚ V i ΩË* x ± GÚ + ËÆ + Ë i ±  { Æ EÚi Æh ΔEÚ ± i EÚÆ E Ú b«e Ú EÚ x E Ú v Æi EÚB V i ΩÈ* J n V Æ Â Ωi xx V Æ EÂÚp  xx ±  EÚ {i ΩEÚ P Æ ± EÚ i  ΔEÚ ± i EÚ M <» + ËÆ =t M E Ú { h v Æ Â E Ú ± E Ú ± B {i ΩEÚ + v Æ { Æ b«e Ú EÚ x " { < EÊÚ]ı' + ËÆ EÚ + v Æ { Æ " { < <Œhb ' E Ú v EÚ i EÚ M <«* +. ±  E Ú I j Ú± + ËÆ =i{ nx π « EÚ i ± x  E Ú ± B <± S (U ] ) + ËÆ <± S ( c ) EÚ I j Ú±, =i{ nx + ËÆ =i{ neúi i ± EÚ -I + ËÆ II (+ + )  n M <«ΩË* +x ±  E Ú I j Ú± + ËÆ =i{ nx i ± EÚ III  nb M B ΩÈ * 27

30 i ± EÚ -I <± S (UÙ ]ı ) EÚ Æ V Æ I j Ú± =i{ n x (I j Ω C]ı Æ Â, =i{ n x ]ıx. Â., =i{ n EÚi : EÚ.O /Ω. Â) Æ V (+) E Ú± ={ V ± =i{ n x ={ V E Ú± ={ V ± =i{ n x ={ V I j Ú± I j Ú± I j Ú± I j Ú± E ÚÆ ± EÚx «]ıeú i ± x b E Ú± ª i : I j x x +v x { Æ + v Æ i +x x (+) +x Δ i i ± EÚ -II (+) <± S ( c ) EÚ Æ V Æ I j Ú± + ËÆ =i{ nx ŒCEÚ { Œ S ΔM ± (I j Ú± Ω C]ı Æ Â, =i{ n x ]ıx Â., =i{ n EÚi : EÚ.O /Ω. Â) Æ V (+) E Ú± ={ V ± =i{ n x ={ V E Ú± ={ V ± =i{ n x ={ V I j Ú± I j Ú± I j Ú± I j Ú± CEÚ { Œ S ΔM ± E Ú± (+) +x Δ i ª i : { < b«u Æ + EÚ± x i ± EÚ -II (+ ) <± S ( c ) EÚ Æ V Æ I j Ú± + ËÆ =i{ nx +Ø h S ± n x M ± Èb <± S ( c ) Æ V Æ I j Ú± + ËÆ =i{ nx Æ V E Ú± I j Ú± (Ω.) =i{ n x (]ı.) +Ø h S ± n x M ± Èb E Ú± ª i : Æ V M x M 28

31 i ± EÚ -III J ±  E Ú I j Ú± + ËÆ =i{ nx (I j Ú± Ω C] Æ Â; =i{ nx ]x Â) ± (+) (+) I j Ú± =i{ n x I j Ú± =i{ n x EÚ ± S « S « næeú Ω±n ± Ω x v x V Æ È Ú l ª i : +l «j + ËÆ Δ J EÚ /EfiÚ π / M x M  EÚ Æ V x n ± { Æ + ËÆ ± EÚ x n ±, EÚ π CEÚ b (+): +x Δ i + ) <± S (UÙ ]ı ) EÚ x ± GÚ + ËÆ EÚ i Â π « (+M i ˱ 2017) + ËÆ π « (+M i 2015-V ± <«2016) E Ú ± B <± S (UÙ ]ı ) IV  n M <«ΩÈ * i ± EÚ -IV <± S (U ] ) EÚ x ± GÚ + ËÆ EÚ i  ( j ]x Â, EÚ i `/ EÚ± O Â) Æ V (+M i -+ ˱ ) (+) (+M i -V ± <«) x ± i Æ i + Ë i x ± i Æ i + Ë i j x ± EÚ i j x ± EÚ i E ÚÆ ± + ËÆ i ± x b (<-x ± ) EÚx «]EÚ Ω Æ π] E Ú± (+) : +x Δ i ª i : ± <  v Æ x ± EÚi «+  {i Æ { ]Áı <) <± S ( c ) EÚ EÚ i Â π « ËÆ E Ú ± B M xi EÚ + ËÆ ± M c EÚ Æ V Æ x ± GÚ + ËÆ Æ i + Ë i EÚ i  i ± EÚ - V Æ Â Â <± S ( b ) EÚ + Ë i l EÚ EÚ i  i ± EÚ -V  n M <«ΩÈ* 29

32 i ± EÚ -V <± S ( b ) EÚ + Ë i l EÚ EÚ i  (EÚ i `/ EÚ.O. Â) E Úxp O b M xi EÚ b n x ± M b b n x <«) +x J ±  EÚ EÚ i  J ±  EÚ + Ë i EÚ i  x S n M <«ΩÈ * <x EÚ i  EÚ M Ëh ª i Â, V Ë EÚ S È Æ + Ï Ú EÚ Ï «, <Δ b x { {{ Æ BΔb { < ] b B B x i l EÊÚ] B B x + n u Æ i Ë Æ EÚ M <«V Æ I BEÚ j i EÚ M ΩË* Ωi { h «V Æ EÂÚp   J ±  EÚ EÚ i  i ± EÚ -VI  n M <«ΩÈ* i ± EÚ -VI J { h E Úxp   J ±  EÚ EÚ i ± { h EÚ ± S «(B V 1) EÚ S x S «M Δ] Æ næeú EÚ S x Ω±n S xx <« v x S xx <« V Æ S xx <« b È Ú S xx <« l S xx <« ± Ω x S xx <« J J S xx <« V x E Ú V S xx <« Æ Â S xx <« < ± S xx <« E Ú Æ n±± ± ÈM EÚ S x V Ú± ( x U± E Ú E Ú) EÚ S x V j EÚ S x (`/ EÚ.O. Â) 30

33 =) Æ i ±  EÚ x «i x π{ n x π « E Ú n ËÆ x Æi ±  EÚ x «i +{ x gi EÚ fi k EÚ V Æ ÆJ x  ڱ ÆΩ ΩË* < + v E Ú n ËÆ x Æi ±  E Ú x «i EÚ j + ËÆ +V «x n x   BEÚ + ui ÆEÚ Ïb«x ΩË* k π «E Ú n ËÆ x, n ` 1, EÚÆ c ( n ± I B b ϱ Æ) ± E Ú E Ú± 9,47,790 ]x ± + ËÆ ± =i{ n  EÚ x «i Ω + ΩË, V EÚ Â ` 1, EÚÆ c ( n ± I B b ϱ Æ) E Ú E Ú± 8,43,255 ]x EÚ x «i Ω + l, V { Æ h  12 i i EÚ fi r, ± Â Ø { B E Ú ±  x Ë i i + ËÆ b ϱ Æ E Ú ±  UÙ: i i EÚ fi r nv «EÚ M <«ΩË* π « EÚ + v E Ú ± B x v «Æi ± I EÚ i ± x Â, ±  EÚ E Ú± x «i { Æ h + ËÆ ± n x  E Ú Δn «Â ± I + v EÚ ÆΩ ΩË* k π « E Ú ` 1, ( n ± I B b ϱ Æ) EÚÆ b E Ú 8,70,000 ]ıx  E Ú ± I EÚ i ± x Â, ± Œ v j  109 i i, ± Â Ø { B  112 i i + ËÆ b ± Æ Â Â 109 i i ΩË * π « E Ú n ËÆ x, <± S ( c ), S «, Ω±n, V Æ, ± Æ, b È Ú, ± Ω x + ËÆ V Ú± V j ( ) E Ú x «i  { U± π «EÚ i ± x  { Æ h + ËÆ ± n x   fi r n J M <«ΩË* EÚÆ { =bæ/{ ] + ËÆ ±  E Ú i ± i ˱ Æ ± V Ë ± Ãv i =i{ n  E Ú x «i  EÚ i ± x  { Æ h + ËÆ ± n x   fi r Ω <«ΩË* Ω ± Δ EÚ, +næeú + ËÆ l E Ú ±  E Ú ± j  fi r Ω <«ΩË* +x ±  E Ú { Æ h + ËÆ ± n x  Â, { U± ± EÚ i ± x  M Æ ] + <«ΩË* V Ω Δ i EÚ +± M -+± M ±  EÚ ± ΩË, ` EÚÆ c ± EÚ 780 ]x <± S ( c ) EÚ x «i EÚ M ΩË, V EÚ { U± π «` EÚÆ c ± EÚ 600 ]x <± S ( c ) EÚ x «i EÚ M l, < EÚ Æ { Æ h  30 i i + ËÆ ±  x Ë i i EÚ fi r nv «EÚ M <«* { U± π «E Ú ` EÚÆ c ± EÚ 3,47,500 ]x S «E Ú EÚ ± E Ú n ËÆ x ` EÚÆ c EÚ E Ú± 4,00,250 ]x S «EÚ x «i Ω +, V j  15 i i + ËÆ ±  27 i i EÚ fi r nv «EÚ M <«ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x ` 1, EÚÆ c ± EÚ E Ú± 1,16,500 ]x Ω±n EÚ x «i EÚ M, V EÚ { U± π «` EÚÆ c EÚ 88,500 ]x Ω±n EÚ x «i EÚ M l, < EÚ Æ { Æ h  32 i i + ËÆ ±  35 i i fi r nv «EÚ M <«* π «E Ú n ËÆ x, ` ± E Ú E Ú± 1,19,000 ]x V Æ EÚ x «i EÚ M, V EÚ { U± π «` EÚÆ c ± E Ú E Ú± 97,790 ]x V Æ EÚ x «i EÚ M l, < EÚ Æ { Æ h  22 i i + ËÆ ±  28 i i EÚ fi r nv «EÚ M <«* { U± π «E Ú ` EÚÆ c ± E Ú 15,320 ]x b È Ú E Ú EÚ ±, π «E Ú n ËÆ x ` EÚÆ c ± E Ú E Ú± 35,150 ]x b È Ú EÚ x «i EÚ M l, V j  129 i i + ËÆ ±  79 i i EÚ g ii Æ nv «EÚÆi ΩË* < + v E Ú n ËÆ x ` EÚÆ c E Ú 6250 ]x ± Æ EÚ x «i Ω +, V EÚ { U± ± ` EÚÆ c ± E Ú 5310 ]x ± Æ EÚ x «i EÚ M l, V { Æ h  18 i i + ËÆ ±  17 i i EÚ g ii Æ nv «EÚ M <«* π « E Ú n ËÆ x ` EÚÆ c ± E Ú E Ú± 32,200 ]x ± Ω x EÚ x «i EÚ M, V EÚ { U± π «` EÚÆ c E Ú 23,085 ]x ± Ω x EÚ x «i EÚ M l, < EÚ Æ { Æ h  39 i i + ËÆ ±  92 i i fi r nv «EÚ M <«ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x ` EÚÆ c ± E Ú E Ú± 5070 ]x V Ú± + ËÆ V j ( ) EÚ x «i EÚ M, V EÚ { U± π «E Ú ` EÚÆ c ± E Ú 4050 ]x V Ú± + ËÆ V j ( ) EÚ x «i EÚ M l, < EÚ Æ j  25 i i EÚ + ËÆ ±  13 i i EÚ fi r nv «EÚ M <«* ± Ãv i =i{ n  E Ú ± Â, ` EÚÆ c ± E Ú 28,500 ]x EÚÆ { =bæ/{ ] EÚ x «i Ω +, V EÚ { U± π «` EÚÆ c ± E Ú 26,550 ]x EÚ x «i Ω + l, < j  i i i + ËÆ ±  13 i i EÚ fi r n V «EÚ M <«* { U± π «E Ú ` 2, EÚÆ c ± E Ú 11,635 ]x E Ú EÚ ± π «E Ú n ËÆ x ` EÚÆ c ± E Ú E Ú± 12,100 ]x ± i ± i ˱ Æ ± EÚ x «i EÚ M, < EÚ Æ j  S Æ i i + ËÆ ±  + `ˆ i i fi r nv «EÚ M <«* π « EÚ i ± x  E Ú n ËÆ x Æi ±  EÚ n Æ +x x i x «i i ± EÚ VII  n M ΩË + ËÆ E Ú ± B i i ± I E Ú l + ËÆ ± I EÚ i i - ± v EÚ Æh i ± EÚ -VIII  n M ΩË* 31

34 i ± EÚ -VII π « EÚ i ± x  E Ú n ËÆ x Æ i ±  EÚ x «i  % { Æ i «x n j ± j ± j ± (]ıx ) (` ± J  Â) (]ıx ) (` ± J  Â) EÚ ± S «17, , , , <± S (U ] ) 3,850 42, ,500 44, <± S ( c ) 780 8, , S «400, , , , næeú 24,950 25, ,800 27, Ω±n 116, , ,500 92, v x 30,300 29, ,100 42, V Æ 119, , , , ± Æ 6,250 6, ,310 5, b È Ú 35,150 30, ,320 17, l 34,680 18, ,330 23, x V (1) 18,100 15, ,880 16, ± Ω x 32,200 30, ,085 15, V Ú± B Δ V j ( ) 5,070 23, ,050 20, x ± (2) 40,210 50, ,955 58, EÚÆ { =bæ (2)/{ ] 28,500 59, ,550 53, { n x =i{ n (3) 22, , , , ± i ± i ˱ Æ ± 12, , , , E Ú± 947,790 1,766, ,255 1,623, ± n ± I B b ϱ Æ Â Â , (1) Â Æ Â, È Ú, +V x V, + V, J J V + n ± ΩÈ * (2)  < ±, Ω M, + ± i (EËÚ ), E Ú Æ + n ± ΩÈ * (3) { n x i ±, Âl ± + ËÆ Âl ± GÚ ]ı± ± ΩÈ * ª i : ±EÚ {i b B± <«, n EÚ EÚ «±  EÚ Æ { ]«ı, { UÙ± ± EÚ x «i Ø J + n { Æ + v Æ i +x x * 32

35 i ± EÚ -VIII ± I EÚ i ± x Â π « E Ú n ËÆ x Æ i ±  EÚ x «i E Ú ± B ± I E Ú ± B x «i ± I EÚ i i - Œ{i j ± j ± j ± n (]ıx ) (` ± J  Â) (]ıx ) (` ± J  Â) S «18, , , , <± S (U ] ) 3,750 30, ,850 42, <± S ( c ) 500 6, , S «350, , , , næeú 33,000 42, ,950 25, Ω±n 90,000 99, , , v x 40,000 36, ,300 29, V Æ 110, , , , ± Æ 5,000 5, ,250 6, b È Ú 22,000 20, ,150 30, l 38,000 20, ,680 18, x V (1) 26,000 19, ,100 15, ± Ω x 25,000 18, ,200 30, V Ú± + ËÆ V j ( ) 4,500 21, ,070 23, x ± (2) 43,250 49, ,210 50, EÚÆ { =bæ (2)/{ ] 27,000 56, ,500 59, { n x E Ú =i{ n (3) 22, , , , ±  E Ú i ± i ˱ Æ ± 12, , , , E Ú± 870,000 1,572, ,790 1,766, ± n ± I B b ϱ Æ Â (1) Â Æ Â, È Ú, +V x V, + V, J J V + n ± ΩÈ * (2)  < ±, Ω M, + ± i (EËÚ ), E Ú Æ + n ± ΩÈ * (3)  { n x i ±, Âl Ï + ËÆ Âl ϱ GÚ ]ı± ± ΩÈ * ª i : ±EÚ {i b B± <«, n EÚ EÚ «±  EÚ Æ { ]«ı + ËÆ { UÙ± ± EÚ x «i Ø J + n { Æ + v Æ i +x x * 33

36 7. S Æ B Δ Δ v «x BEÚ +SU Δ v «x i EÚ i Δj EÚ { n x { < b«e Ú x - x + ËÆ + ΔEÚ±{ x EÚ g n x E Ú ± B Ωi { h «ΩË* k π « E Ú n ËÆ x, b«x Æi ±  E Ú Æ ÈÀbM Ω i +{ x V x +  + ËÆ GÚ EÚ± {  E Ú S Æ- Æ EÚ EÚ «V Æ ÆJ * <x i Δj  EÚ + EÚ±{ x Æi ± Â, ± =t M + ËÆ b«e Ú GÚ EÚ± {  E Ú S Æ- Æ + ËÆ Δ v «x E Ú ± B EÚ M <«l * S ± i +Δi Æ «π] B Δ P Æ ± ±   M n Æ, - Y {i ƒ, Y { x + x, + Ïx ± <x Δ v «x i EÚ + x, { j EÚ, Æ Â E Ú ph + ËÆ ±  { Æ b { ]ı  EÚ x ÊS x ii π « EÚ + v E Ú n ËÆ x E Ú J q ÆΩ * Ω - π EÚ Δ r«x i EÚ GÚ EÚ± {  x Æ π] + ËÆ +Δi Æ «π] n x  i ËÆ { Æ Æi ±  EÚ ΔM g i Ω B b«+ ËÆ ± =t M EÚ l «x EÚ * +) P Æ ± ±   M n Æ P Æ ± ±   M ± x, ± =t M E Ú z { h v Æ Â i EÚ { Ω ƒ S x EÚ Êii M «ΩË * Ω Æ ii π «E Ú n ËÆ x, b«j ± g x ± { h x E Úxp  EÚ Œ ± i EÚÆ x E Ú =q E Ú l J P Æ ± ±   M ± x x Œ S i EÚÆ i ΩË * <x ±   i M i, b«eú EÚ x Â, { Æ Â, x «i EÚ Â, ËY x EÚ Â, +x x «i Δ v «x BV  Â/ ΔM `ˆx  V Ë ± =t M E Ú z i Æ E Ú l Δ Δv V b x EÚ ΔS n x EÚÆ i ΩË * < Æ i ± =t M + ËÆ Æ i ±  E Ú Δ v «x E Ú ± B i M { Æ V x BΔ/EÚ «EÚ± {  E Ú { x Â Ω i ± i ΩË * ii π «E Ú n ËÆ x <x ±  EÚ M n Æ, P Æ ± B Δ +Δi Æ «π] ı { Æ +{ I + Â/ ΔM  ± =`ˆ x + ËÆ + J ± Æ i i Æ { Æ b«e Ú GÚ EÚ± {  E Ú i V M EÚi { Ën EÚÆ x Â Ω EÚ x EÚ± * ii π « E Ú n ËÆ x, { < b«x Æ i E Ú J l x   + V i 19 n «x   M ± * GÚ. Δ. n «x EÚ x l x i Æ J 1 x Ïl «-<«]ı x Œ ]ı BΔb BŒC x h { Æ Ë± x x ± EÚ -+ { Æ ]ı { < Ú Æ V { Æ, Æ V l x ˱ Úb & ] ıcx ± V BC { 2016 M i Ën x, x <«n ±± V ± <« Δ x Ë x ± BŒC x EÚ ± EÚ i, { Œ S ΔM ± M i Úb <ΔO b Δ] ı BΔb Ω ±l <ΔO b Δ] ı <Œhb M i Ën x, x <«n ±± M i <Œhb <x]ıæ x x ± Úb, B { <«b B J { ^ıx, + Δw n i Δ Æ E ÚÆ ± x x + Ï Ú ÕEÚM V x «± ] ı (E Ú b ± V ) EÚx x x 2016 BÆ h E Ú±, E ÚÆ ± Ci Æ b Œ ]ıx x =ii Æ J Δb 2016 n Ω Æ n x, =ii Æ J Δb Ci Æ <Δ b <Δ] ıæ x x ± ] ıb Ú Æ (+ <«+ <«]ı B Ú) M i Ën x, x <«n ±± x Δ Æ ƒp <«ÚŒ ]ı ± <Δ Ú ±, h { Æ x Δ Æ B ]ı B B <b CEÚ i EÚx ± V ]ı-2016 i b { π, E ÚÆ ± 3-5 x Δ Æ EÚ Ï Ú b«u Æ + V i Ú ±b b { c, J { ^ıh 08 n Δ Æ

37 h ^ŸıEÚÆ BO Ú ] S Ø b, E ÚÆ ± n Δ Æ S Ël + +O -Ω ]ı M Ω ]ı, V x Æ <«B B + b ± B À ]ıæ EÚ Ãx ± S h C { Æ, n ±± 22 V x Æ x Ë E ÚÆ ± <x EÚ ƒo ii Ê EÚ Ï± V, i Ø ±±, E ÚÆ ± V x Æ B Ú ]ı + Æ + <«-x x ± EÚ x ÚÆ + Ïx { < Ë Ø, EÚx «]ıeú 2-3 ÚÆ Æ x V -EÚ Æ V, V -EÚ Æ ÚÆ Æ Ω Æ - <Δ]ıÆ x x ± Úb BΔb Ω Œ { ]ı ± ]ı Ú Æ M i Ën x, x <«n ±± 7-11 S « ) +Δi Æ «π] ı ±   M n Æ b«, Æ i x «i EÚ Â + ËÆ n E Ú + i EÚ Â E Ú S EÚ +Δi Æ «π] ı EÚc ΩË * +Δi Æ «π] ı { h Â Æ i ±  EÚ g n x EÚ +{ x { Ω ± E Ú M E Ú { < b«j +Δi Æ «π] ı { Æ EÚ ±   M ± i ΩË * +Δi Æ «π] ı n «x   i M i ËV n i l Δ i ± + i EÚ Â E Ú l ± FÚ i EÚÆ x i l { Æ EÚ Δ Δv g x Â Æ i x «i EÚ Â EÚ ± M i + Æ {i Ω i ΩË V Æ i ± =t M EÚ { Æ g EÚi ΩÈ * Ω ={ Ci Ω Æ + ËÆ V x EÚ + n i Â, J n Æ + ËÆ l EÚ V Æ B Δ J t Æ I + ËÆ + i EÚ n  E Ú Æ I Δ Δv x nδ b  EÚ Z x E Ú ± B b«eú n n EÚÆ i ΩË * ±  EÚ S x + i EÚ ± x Ω =`ˆ <«M <«{ h  ± =`ˆ x E Ú ={  { Æ + v Æ i Æ Ω * J ±   x «i EÚ Â EÚ i M i EÚ l EÚi n M <«, b«eú Ëx Æ E Ú +v x +{ x - +{ x i Δj Δ v «x i EÚ GÚ EÚ± {  E Ú ± B =x EÚ +± M -+± M ± Ï]ı n B M B* <x ±  E Ú ± B i x Ci b«e Ú + v EÚ Æ Â x + M Δi EÚ Â E Ú l fδ M i  EÚ * z ± Â, EÚ Â + ËÆ v ±   {i =i{ n Â Ω i Ú Ï «± x  E Ú ± B <x ±  {i { UÙi UÂÙ +x i EÚ Æ«<«E Ú ± B x «i EÚ Â E Ú S i Æ i EÚ M <»* ii π « E Ú n ËÆ x b«x 10 +Δi Æ «π] ı ±   M ± * GÚ n «x EÚ x n n x ΔEÚ Δ. 1 B ± Â] ıeú, M ]ı EÚ ± Œ 8-11 V x ƒ Æ ËÚx Úb x ÏE«Ú, B B V x Úb <ΔO b Δ] ı, =l + Æ EÚ { ±, W ± M i Ú <x Úb + ] ı ± ± x «, + ] ı ± i Δ Æ Ú EÚ + Æ EÚ - + ϱ Àl M + M Ê x EÚ ±]ı Æ, B b, B B i Δ Æ BC { B ± Â]ı Æ ±, { i Δ Æ ± Úb { Ë Æ { Ë Æ, Ú Ïx Ci Æ M ± Úb Ëx ËÚCS ÀÆ M n <«, B <«7-9 x Δ Æ ËÚEÚ, 2017 x Æ M «, V «x ÚÆ Æ Úb C 2017 S, V { x 7-10 S «

38 <) Δ v «x i EÚ + x (i) Æi ±  { Æ Y { x Â/ b { Ï]  EÚ n «x b«x k π « E Ú n ËÆ x Æi ±  E Ú { EÚ { E Úi Æ { Ω± +  EÚ g n x + ËÆ =xωâ ± EÚ x x E Ú =q Æi ±  { Æ 15 b { Ï] [60 EΔÚb] + ËÆ n Y { x  EÚ i Ë Æ EÚ + ËÆ +x n i EÚ * k π « E Ú n ËÆ x, <x { Ï]   i EÚ EÚ i x n ËÆ Â, ± M M 300 l ]Æ Â/ ±] {± C   nj * (ii) + Ïx ± <x Δ r«x i EÚ + x + <«<«B Ú { < b«, S b«eú Ï Ú b«e Ú l ± EÚÆ + Ïx ± <x Δ v «x i EÚ + x S ± ÆΩ ΩË* Ω + x ] ^Æ, Ú EÚ, <x ] O V Ë ± b {± ] Ú «{ Æ S ± ΩË + ËÆ ±  ± =i{ n  E Ú ± B M M ± + c À± EÚ n x EÚÆi ΩË* + Ïx ± <x n «EÚ Â EÚ + M i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B x Ω + x ±  { Æ =x E Ú x { i EÚ, ËM ± EÚ, { Æ EÚ nk, + Ëπ v, { EÚ B Δ { EÚ-<i Æ { Ω± Bƒ + n { Æ Ω EÚ v  ± ÏM E Ú W Æ B V x EÚ Æ { Ën EÚÆi ΩË* <«) { j EÚ Bƒ (i) v EÚ x, { < < hb ( EÚ) +± M -+± M { ƒs π + Â, x i : +ΔO V, Ωxn, ± ±, EÚxx b + ËÆ i ±  l EÚ i EÚ M * i ± M + ËÆ i ± EÚ i Ω { j EÚ Bƒ x v «Æi x Æ x «S i EÚ M <»* EÚ { j EÚ +  EÚ π - i x x ± J i ÆΩ : + ˱ <«V x V ± <«+M i i Δ Æ +HÚ Æ x Δ Æ n Δ Æ V x Æ ÚÆ Æ S «13 ± EÚ ƒo M xi EÚ ± EÚ Ï {± C i ± x b  <-x ± <EÚ <«B l {  ±  EÚ Â EÚ i ±  J J : x M Æ x E Ú +v x EÚ ± V x Æ Â E Ú <± V E Ú ± B ± ± +{ π] Δ{ k ± Δ EÚÆh Â Ω± HÚEÚÆh S ]{ ] n ± S x + Δw -=c  EÚ ± S «GÚ Δ i V ±  n± ; x <«v Æi EÚ i ±  EÚ ± S «B BS - { Æ V E Ú l (ii) Ú Æx ] b BΔC Æ ± ]x : n { Æ ± + Â, <- <± + ËÆ b«e Ú EÚ «±   v {i { Ui U  E Ú {  b«eú {i { Æ { Ui U  EÚ EÚ± x EÚ V i ΩË + ËÆ ±  EÚ x «i EÚ Â EÚ v E Ú ± B B Ú ] <«Â =x EÚ EÚ x EÚ V i ΩË* O ΩEÚ Â EÚ l <- <± u Æ EÚ x V n M * =) +x EÚ x π « E Ú n ËÆ x pi { i EÚ Bƒ Æ :- EÚ) V x Ʊ Æ + Ïx { < b«< hb (+ƒo V ) J ) +Δi Æ «π] ± E Ú ± B Æ : M ± Úb Ëx ËÚCS ÀÆM (+ƒo V ), Úb <ΔO b Δ] =l + Æ EÚ (+ƒo V + ËÆ { i «M ± ) M ) x J { Ë Ú± ] : { < B E Ú{ b + Ï Ú n x Ïl «-<«] 36

39 8. EÚ b C EÚI + ËÆ Ω i I { b«x ±  ± =i{ n  E Ú x EÚ Â E Ú EÚ E Ú ± B, Æ I i B Δ SUÙ ±  E Ú =i{ n x B Δ Δ EÚÆ h E Ú =iefiúπ]ı EfiÚ π -EÚ Á E Ú + ÆΔ EÚ i Æ { Æ E Ú Ω i I {  + ËÆ EÚ E Ú W Æ B ±  EÚ M h ii x Œ S i EÚÆ x Ω i +x EÚ +xi Æ «π] ı ΔS  { Æ EÚ «EÚ± { S ± B ΩÈ * +) EÚ b C B ± Â]ı Æ EÚ x ( B ) J t B Δ EfiÚ π V x  E Ú ± B ËŒ EÚ x EÚ i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B B E Ú +xi Æ «π] ı ΔS x b«eú Æ i ± V M i E Ú Ω i EÚ Æ I Ω i M h ii - i Æ EÚ { + ±  ± x E Ú ± B { «{i + Æ n x EÚ * i) ±  { EÚ EÚ Â { Æ EÚ b C i ( B BS ) ± + ËÆ { EÚ EÚ Â { Æ EÚ b C EÚ Ω ÊSS i EÚ + i l i «x Â Æ i u Æ EÚ V i ΩË + ËÆ Æ i EÚ i Æ Ú { < b«x < i E Ú ± B S ± EÚ Æ O Ω h EÚ ΩË * + i EÚ, < i EÚ i x j  EÚ ; EÚ SS  B BS 1 ( ÚÆ Æ 2014), M  B BS 2 ( i Δ Æ 2015) + ËÆ S z <«Â B BS 3 ( ÚÆ Æ 2017) Ú± i { «EÚ + V x EÚ M * i E Ú i Æ j  x EÚ Â E Ú EÚ EÚ M i v   EÚ Ú M i Ω <«=x  E ÚUÙ < EÚ Æ ΩÈ : (EÚ) i x Ën x EÚ Â, V Ë EÚ EÚ ± / Ún /Ω Æ EÚ ± S «, V Æ + ËÆ l <, EÚ +Δ i { +{ x x E Ú ± B EÚ b C B ± x]ı Æ EÚ x E Ú S Æ h 8 EÚ +O π i EÚ V Æ Ω ΩË * (J ) π  x EÚ Â E Ú EÚ E Ú ± B i u Æ BEÚ x x "O À{ M ' Æ h x i +{ x <«M <«i EÚ, x EÚ Â E Ú EÚ E Ú ± B Δ Œxv i ±  EÚ BEÚ Ω Â ± V E Ú* < i Æ Ω x EÚ Â E Ú EÚ E Ú ± B + EÚ EÚ EÚ EÚÆ x EÚ = n EÚ V i ΩË * (M ) < Æ h x i E Ú +x Æ h Â, B BS E Ú i Æ j x, V ± <«2017  + V i Ω x ± B 40 j u Æ +x n x E Ú +v x ± B V x E Ú ± B, x x ± J i =i{ n  E Ú ± B x B EÚ «i  EÚ +x n x EÚ : J B x V «± EfiÚi +n Æ EÚ J <«M <«S «B Δ { Ë EÚ J M ± Ω x i ± ± ÈM V Ú± E Ú Æ ii) +x EÚ b C i Δ +x EÚ b C i   b«e Ú GÚ -EÚ± { x S n B V i ΩÈ : EÚ) EÚ b C ± : B Ú + <«B (EÚ b C EÚ ]ı + Ïx Úb < { ]«ı Bhb BC { ]«ı <Δ { C x Bhb Ã]ı ÚE Ú x ]ı ) E Ú +v x i x <± C] ı Ï x EÚ ÕEÚM O {  (<«b ± V )  EÚ «Æ i ΩË : (1) J t + i + ËÆ x «i E Ú l «x E Ú ± B n  E Ú S ( x ± Ω i ) S x E Ú + n x - n x E Ú ± B i i r xi + ËÆ / M «x nê (2) + i EÚB J t E Ú + EÚÆ h { Æ n  E Ú S S x E Ú + n x - n x E Ú ± B i i M «x nê + ËÆ (3) J t Æ I + { i Œ l i EÚ S x E Ú + n x - n x E Ú ± B i i Δ v i r xi + ËÆ M «x nê EÚ { * J ) EÚ b C ± B Ú (EÚ b C EÚ ]ı + Ïx EΔÚ]ı x x <x Úb ) E Ú +v x i x <± C] ı x EÚ ÕEÚM O {  (<«b ± V )  GÚ { fiii ΩË : (1) ±   <EÚ ]ı ŒC x EÚ Æ EÚx + ËÆ EÚ EÚÆ x Ω i EÚ «Δ Ω i { Æ <«b ± V + ËÆ (2) ±   <EÚ ]ı ŒC x Ω i + v EÚi i Æ E Ú EÚ + ËÆ EÚ EÚ Δ i l EÚi { Æ S S «E Ú { j E Ú ± B <«b ± V * + ) b ± ]ı + : x EÚ { Æ EÚ v { < b«x ±   x ]ıæ + ËÆ Ú <]ı x ]ıæ (B { B ) ±  EÚ x EÚÆ x E Ú ± B I i x «h + ËÆ S x E Ú + n x - n x { Æ Ω i Ω i b ± ]ı + E Ú +v x x EÚ + ËÆ { Æ EÚ v (B ]ı b B Ú) E Ú ± B BEÚ { Æ V x EÚ i i i EÚ l * B ]ı b B Ú, x, { + ËÆ { Ëv l EÚ Œ l i  v Æ ± x + ËÆ V Æ Â i EÚ 37

40 { Ω Δ S x x x B Æ J x EÚ I i E Ú {  +Δi Æ «π] ı SUÙi + ËÆ { n { - SUÙi (B { B ) x EÚ Â, n x nê  + ËÆ +x Δ +  EÚ EÚ «Œx i EÚÆ x EÚ I i E Ú x «h  EÚ ± n  EÚ Ω i { Ω Δ S x EÚ ËŒ EÚ M n Æ ΩË * b ± ]ı + x b«e Ú i { Æ S Æ EÚ l + ËÆ S «2016  BEÚ { Æ V x i Ë Æ +x n x ({ { V ) EÚ +x n x EÚ l, V B ]ı b B Ú EÚ i i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B b ± ]ı + E Ú u Æ +x n i ± Ω EÚ Æ EÚ Ω i BEÚ Δ{ h «{ Æ V x i Ë Æ EÚ V EÚi ΩË * + Ω EÚ S ± Æ Ω ΩË + ËÆ Æ x, Æ π`ˆ J t Æ I + ËÆ { π EÚ + v EÚ Æ Úb Bhb + O EÚ±S Æ ± + Æ M x < x (B Ú B + ) B { ÚEÚ E Ú n EÚ EÚ «±, ΔEÚ EÚ, l <«± Èb EÚ Æ i  +v x S ± x E Ú ± B B ]ı b B Ú S ± u Æ S x M ΩË * i i { Æ V x EÚ π { UÙΩ Ω i { h «± Â- S «, EÚ ± S «, v x, V Æ, c È Ú + ËÆ V j Ω i V Ú± - { Æ v x EÂÚ p i EÚÆ x EÚ ± I ΩË ; V x EÚ +{ x Ω v +x M Â, +E Ú± + ËÆ M Â, E Ú ± B EÚ Ú ΔM Ω i ΩÈ * { Æ V x E Ú ± I x x x Æ ΩÈ : (i) J t Æ I g x + ËÆ SUÙi + ËÆ { n { SUÙi +  E Ú EÚ Æ h x «i M M h ii ± ±  E Ú x Æ EÚÆ h EÚ x EÚÆ x * (ii) ±  E Ú M h ii { ËÆ ]ıæ  { Æ Æ π] ı i Æ { Æ b ]ı i Ë Æ EÚÆ x * (iii) B { B + ËÆ EÚ b C EÚ +{ I +  EÚ { Ãi E Ú ± B S ± x i Æ EÚ Â EÚ { Æ J i Ë Æ EÚÆ x + ËÆ EÚ i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B BEÚ i EÚx EÚ ΔS EÚ l { x EÚÆ x * (iv) ± +x Δv x  ± M Ω B z π «l ΔM `ˆx  E Ú S n ii  E Ú + n x - n x E Ú ± B Æ π] ı + ËÆ +Δi Æ «π] ı i Æ E Ú Ω M + ËÆ ΔS i Ë Æ EÚÆ x * (v) ±  E Ú ± B +Δi Æ «π] ı x EÚ Â EÚ l { x E Ú ± B n ii EÚ Ω Ê x * { Æ V x I j { Æ V x E Ú EÚ «x x E Ú ± B x x ± J i I j  { Æ S Æ EÚ V i ΩË C  EÚ n E Ú Δ Œxv i ±  E Ú ± B J g I j  E Ú ± B l x i EÚ b ± EÚi ΩÈ : 1. M V Æ i E Ú Ω x V ±  V Æ / c È Ú 2. Æ V l x E Ú V v { Æ Â V Æ / c È Ú 3. v n E Ú M x V ±  v x 4. E ÚÆ ± E Ú <b CEÚ V ±  EÚ ± S «5. E ÚÆ ± E Ú BÆ h E Ú± V ±  V Ú± + ËÆ V j 6. + Δw n E Ú M Δ] ıæ V ±  S «S ± M i v Δ Æ i E Ú z l x  { Æ ± Ω EÚ Æ E Ú u Æ M «x nê n B V x { Æ i l { < b«u Æ + V i x x ± J i EÚ «± Bƒ S ± <«M <», V x  EÚ x Â, Δ EÚÆ h EÚi «+  i l x «i EÚ Â Ω i J { h v Æ ={ Œ l i Æ Ω : (i) + ƒw n E Ú { c + ËÆ M Δ] ıæ  S «{ Æ EÚ «± (23-25 S «2017 EÚ S ± <«M <«) (ii) Æ V l x E Ú V v { Æ + ËÆ +V Æ Â (16-19 <«2017 EÚ + V i ) M V Æ i E Ú Ω x  (20-22 <«2017 EÚ + V i ) V Æ + ËÆ c È Ú { Æ EÚ «± Bƒ (iii) v n E Ú M x  v x { Æ EÚ «± (23-26 <«2017 EÚ + V i ) (iv) E ÚÆ ± E Ú EÚ SS  V Ú± { Æ EÚ «± (30 <«- 2 V x 2017 EÚ + V i ) { { V E Ú n { Æ Æ i  ±   B { B E Ú q  EÚ { EÚ { Δ v i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B ii Ω i {i EÚÆ x E Ú ± B B ]ı b B Ú EÚ BEÚ { h «i { EÚ V BM * BEÚ { Æ V x v x EÚ «± <Δ b <x]ıæ x x ± Â]ıÆ, 40, ËC ± Æ M «, x <«n ±±  8 V x 2017 EÚ Ω V n { Ω Æ 1.30 V i EÚ + V i Ω x ± ΩË * < j  { Æ V x E Ú i Ω i + i EÚ EÚ M i v  EÚ =V M Æ EÚ V BM + ËÆ π EÚ M i v  { Æ S S «EÚ V BM * 38

41 9. <- { < W Æ + Δw n i ± ΔM x  S «Ω±n E Ú ± B <- { < W Æ +x Æ J h i { Æ V x { < b«æi + ËÆ <± C] Ï x EÚ S x Ët M EÚ Δj ± (MeitY), Æi ÆEÚ Æ EÚ Δ HÚ { Æ V x ΩË* < { Æ V x EÚ + i π « Â +x Æ J h i x Œ S i EÚÆi Ω B EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ + { Ãi - fiδj ±  V cx + ËÆ G Úi +  E Ú l v Δ Δv V c x  EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ I x x E Ú =q EÚ M <«* < { Æ V x EÚ BEÚ =q EfiÚπ EÚ =i{ neú ΔM `x  EÚ V <x { ]  EÚ {i + ËÆ + v EÚ { Æ fδm + ËÆ l «E Ú l =i{ n EÚ GÚ EÚÆx  EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ± i E Ú ± B <EÚ_ EÚÆ EÚi ΩË, BEÚ j i EÚÆx ΩË* < { Æ V x E Ú l n ËÆ Â M Δ] Æ V ± E Ú Bb± {{ b hb±  1000 EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ < E Ú +v x ± M i l =x E Ú Ú» EÚ ÊI h EÚ M + ËÆ = E Ú Æh E Ú +± =x E Ú EfiÚ π EÚ «EÚ Æh { V  ± EÚ M * { Æ I h E Ú i ËÆ { Æ, { ]«±  BEÚ x x GÚ - GÚ Z Ëi V c M * l Ω l n ËÆ E Ú n ËÆ x i x ± M ƒ  1000 Ω±n EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ÊI h S ± M * + Δw n + ËÆ i ± ΔM x Æ V   { Æ V x E Ú EÚ «x x Ω i S Æ V ±   S Æ ΔM `x  EÚ S x ± M * «B Ú]«EÚ + xw n E Ú EÚ + ËÆ M h] ıæ V ± E Ú EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ + ËÆ «x ± M Æ Ú =Δb x EÚ + Δw n E Ú M h] ıæ V ± E Ú EfiÚπ EÚ Â, «{ i x Bb E Ú x ± <] EÚ i ± ΔM x E Ú ÆΔM ± V ± E Ú EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ + ËÆ «{ + Æ b + <«EÚ i ± ΔM x E Ú J V ± E Ú EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú ± B EÚ EÚÆx Ω i S x ± M * EfiÚπ EÚ Â S x +  EÚ EÚ± x EÚÆx + ËÆ Ú «x M Æ x E Ú ± B 52 I j V EÚ I j   nω c { Æ EÚ EÚÆ ÆΩ ΩÈ* I j V EÚ EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ Æ V EfiÚ π + ËÆ M x + v EÚ Æ Â E Ú +± ÈEÚ Â i l +x +{ I i BV   E Ú l Δ Δv ÆJ x  nn EÚÆi ΩÈ* π « E Ú n ËÆ x Ω { Æ V x 52,745 EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ +{ x +v x ± <«, V x  11,138 Ω±n EfiÚπ EÚ + ËÆ 41,607 S «EfiÚπ EÚ ΩÈ* V B 1 < hb u Æ x i EÚB +x Æ EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ M± ± ± E Ú x x Δ Æ n M * { ]«± + S ± ΩË* EfiÚπ EÚ Â, =x E Ú Ú» + ËÆ J n x EÚV x +x M Ωi EfiÚ π EÚ» EÚ Æh < { ]«±  n M ΩË * I j V EÚ { ]«±  S x V c ÆΩ ΩÈ* { ]«± x G Úi +  EÚ BEÚ x nê EÚ i Ë Æ EÚ ΩË, V  + x + Ïx ± <x Æ V ]Æ EÚ V EÚi ΩË* G Úi +  E Ú l n EfiÚπ EÚ Â EÚ ± x n x Δ x x E Ú ± B { ]«±  EfiÚπ EÚ =i{ neú ΔM `x  EÚ S x <«M <«ΩË* i ieú ± Ë Æ{ ]«, J { h   V x  EÚ n, + v S x BΔ, +SU EfiÚ π h ±, BEÚ EfiÚi x EÚV Δv x, Ú ± ± Ω, J i Δ Δv b + n < { ]«±  ± EÚ M ΩÈ * 39

42 10. M h k v Æ EÚ SS  b«eú M h k ± ΔEÚx M ± EÚ l { x π «1989 Â Ω <«* M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ±, EÚ SS π «1997 ± EÚÆ + <«B M h k Δv x h ± E Ú +v x h i ΩË + ËÆ π «1999 ± EÚÆ ] ]Èbb «<Δ ]] ],.E Ú. u Æ + <«B { «Æh Δv x h ± E Ú +v x + ËÆ Æ π] V ΔS B Δ +Δ EÚx M ± i x b«(bx B B± ), Y x Ët M EÚ M, Æi ÆEÚ Æ u Æ + <«B + /+ <«<«:17025 E Ú +v x i Δ Æ 2004 Ω M ± i i ΩË* x «i EÚ Â EÚ ± π h i EÚ M h ii ± ΔEÚx BΔ i ÆΔi n x EÚÆx E Ú M E Ú { Â, { < b«x J =i{ nx / x «i E Úxp Â, x i & EÚ SS, S xx <«, M h] Æ, Δ <«, x <«n±±, i i EÚ Æx + ËÆ EÚ Δb ± Â, i n EÚ M h ii ± ƒeúx M ± Bƒ l { i EÚ ΩÈ* EÚ SS, Δ <«, M h] Æ, S xx <«+ ËÆ n ±± EÚ M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +  EÚ Bx B B± i x {i ΩË + ËÆ +x n M ± BΔ i x {i EÚÆx EÚ GÚ Â ΩÈ * EÚ ± EÚ i EÚ M... EÚ x «h -EÚ «M i { Æ ΩË + ËÆ π «2017  { Æ Ω x EÚ i I ΩË * Δ <«EÚ M ±  V ΔS EÚ V x ± x x  EÚ Æ j + ËÆ ± / ± =i{ n  E Ú ± π h  =iefiúπ]i E Ú EÂÚp E Ú {  < EÚ =xx x EÚÆx E Ú =q { < b«x Ω {, x Δ <«Â 4000 M «]Æ À±bM B Æ EÚ, { Æ + ΔÆ S x i EÚ v +  Ωi BEÚ x <«M ± EÚ x «h EÚ * < EÚ =n P ]ıx EÚ EÚ M * M ± BΔ + i EÚ Æ π]  EÚ +{ I +  E Ú +x Æ ± π h EÚ «S ± x E Ú ± B { ÆπEfiÚi ={ EÚÆh  { Æ i ÆΩ VV i ΩÈ * E«Ú ]  EÚ i Ë Æ + ËÆ ± π h -{ Æh  EÚ i i Ωi M ± EÚ ± π h - +  V c EÚ M V i EÚ "C B b B B B ' x E Ú Ï}] Æ E Ú W ÆB + Ïx ± <x x n M ΩË* ± π h EÚ x i x Œ S i EÚÆx E Ú ± B, M ± Bƒ + ÆEÚx { < ] b B B x (B B ] B), B B, J t B Δ { «Æh +x Δv x + EÚÆh (B Ú <«+ Æ B),.E Ú., +Δi Æ «π] EÚ ± S «n (+ <«{ ), V EÚ i «, V Ë Æ π] /+Δi Æ «π] + EÚÆh  u Æ + V i x x V ΔS / v x EÚÆh EÚ «GÚ - Úb Bx ± Ú x B Â] EÚ (B Ú B { B B ) B Δ Úb BC x x Ú x + Â] EÚ (B Ú <«{ B B ) + ËÆ Æi EÚ Bx B B± i i M ± +  u Æ + V i h i V ΔS EÚ «GÚ Â Â x i { M ± ÆΩ ΩÈ * M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± J + i EÚ n  + ËÆ Æi EÚ J ± / ± =i{ n ± π h M ± +  E Ú l B~± ] C x, b x b <«I-IV + ËÆ x EÚV x + π E Ú ± B x i { +Δi & M ± x x V ΔS EÚ «GÚ EÚ + V x EÚÆi ΩË* M ± +  E Ú i EÚx EÚ ] Ú EÚ +Δi Æ «π] x EÚ Â E Ú Æ Æ +{ x ± π h E Ú ± i EÚ i EÚÆx E Ú ± B B Ú ] + Æ + <«, Ë Ø, +Δi Æ «π] J t ÆI I h M ±, B B, J t =i{ nx Y x Δ l x - Æ π] +x Δv x EÂÚp, <]± + n, V Ë x Æ π] /+Δi Æ «π] M ± +   - { Æ I i EÚ V i ΩË* { < b«eú + x «x Æ I h x i E Ú i Ωi { Æ π h -x x  EÚ ± π h M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +   EÚ V i ΩË* M h ii M ± Æi ± =t M EÚ ± π h i EÚ BΔ n x E Ú l - l n  =i{ ni + ËÆ Δ EfiÚi ±  EÚ M h k EÚ x ]ıàæ M EÚÆ i Æ Ω * M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +   ±  + ËÆ ± =i{ n   x V x + π, B~± ] C x, Æ ± Ω + ËÆ Δn π h / ± ] EfiÚ j ÆΔ V EÚ Ωi xx Ë i EÚ, Æ x EÚ + ËÆ I V { ËÆ ]Æ Â E Ú ± π h EÚ v BΔ ΩÈ* M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± BΔ xx ± π h  E Ú ± B +Δi Æ «π] i ËÆ { Æ EfiÚi V ΔS i Æ EÚ Â EÚ +x Æh EÚÆi ΩÈ + ËÆ V EÚ + EÚi Ω, x <«i Æ EÚ Â EÚ v x EÚÆ i ΩÈ * +. ± π h i EÚ BΔ M ± x S «, S «=i{ n Â, Ω±n { =bæ + ËÆ S «± +x J t =i{ n  E Ú { Æ π h  E Ú + x «x x x E Ú +v x b x b <«I-IV B Δ B}± ] C x EÚ ËV nm E Ú ± B S «B Δ S «=i{ nx EÚ ± π h S ± π «E Ú n ËÆ x W Æ ÆJ * π « EÚ + v E Ú n ËÆ x b«e Ú + x «x Æ I h E Ú +v x S x ± { i b È Ú V  EÚ ( x ] ± E Ú ± B); Æ { x x EÚ V x ± { Æ π h   x V x  (x i : Úx Ú, ] Ú + ËÆ BΔb ± Ú x E Ú ± B) E Ú ± B EÚÆ { k, V Æ ( ΩÆ S W  i l +x V  E Ú ± B) EÚ ± π h EÚ M * x Ë i EÚ, Æ x EÚ + ËÆ I V Ë EÚ { ËÆ ]ıæ  E Ú +±, +x + Ëv ÆΔV EÚ Â ({ ËÆ Æ b, Æ c x, ^Æ ±±, 40

43 b x Æ b 7, b x + ÏÆÂV V + n) + GÚ ] C x B, EÚ ± EÚ ± S «Â J x V i ±, <± S  + Ëv ÆΔV EÚ, EËÚ / n ± S x  EÚ Æ x P ]ıeú EÚ J V E Ú ± B +{ x ± π h i EÚ BΔ n x EÚ M <»* M h k ± ΔEÚx M ± +  x + v E Ú n ËÆ x Æi V { x EÚ x «i EÚB V x ± i { π i S «, V Æ, Ω±n, EÚ ± S «, l + ËÆ UÙ ]ı <± S V Ë ±  ± =i{ n  EÚ + x «V ΔS < x Ú, Úx Ú, ] Ú, B l x, Ú Æ ], { ËÆ l x, C± Æ{ <Æ Ú + ËÆ l <± { ËÆ l x V Ë x EÚV x + π  E Ú ± B S ± <«* B B EÚ S «( i ), S «({ =b Æ ) + ËÆ S «=i{ n, EÚÆ { =b Æ, EÚÆ ±, EÚÆ { ]ı B Δ +S Æ, V Æ ( i + ËÆ { ) E Ú x «i -{ Æ π h  E Ú ± B ± x ±± EÚ + x «x x x + ËÆ V ƒs ÚÆ Æ 2017 { EÚ M * ii π « E Ú n ËÆ x, M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +  x B}± ] C x, + Ëv ÆΔV EÚ Â, x V x + π Â, ± x ±± Ωi xx { ËÆ ]Æ Â E Ú ± B 1,06,811 x x  EÚ ± π h EÚ + ËÆ ± π h i EÚ ±EÚ E Ú {  ` 16,50,47,037 EÚ Æ ΔM fiω i EÚ * +. x Δ v x EÚ EÚ «GÚ M ± +  E Ú EÚ Ã EÚ Â EÚ i EÚx EÚ I i +  EÚ g x i l M ± u Æ +{ x <«M <«xx M h k h ±  EÚ +{ I +  EÚ +ti x x x E Ú M E Ú { Â π « EÚ + v E Ú n ËÆ x M ± E Ú { n v EÚ Æ Â x x x ± J i Æ π] / +Δi Æ «π] I h EÚ «GÚ Â/EÚ «± +   M ± : (i) Bx B B± u Æ EÚ V { Æ Â + V i + <«B + /+ <«<«17025 Δ v x  { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ (ii) (iii) (iv) i «x J t ÆI ± Â Δ Œxv i ± π h i EÚ o Œπ]ıEÚ h { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ - B + <«+ Æ EÂÚp J t Ët M EÚ +x Δv x Δ l x, Ë Ø Â i EÚ + <«+ <«B Ú ] u Æ EÚ x <«n±±  + V i x EÚ i EÚx EÚ x  EÚ +x { h ± ΔEÚx + ËÆ i x - x «h  x EÚ Â + ËÆ i EÚx EÚ x ±  EÚ Z x { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ B Ú ] + Æ + <«, Ë Ø u Æ i EÚ + V i J t ± π h  { C] ] EÚ i EÚx EÚ { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ (v) B ] + <«u Æ EÚ ΔM ± Ø Â + V i + <«B + /+ <«<«17025 Δ v x  { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ (vi) C < hb EΔÚ À±]M u Æ V x Æ 2017 E Ú n ËÆ x EÚ SS  + V i Æ x EÚ, I V Ë EÚ, Δ j EÚ x Ën x EÚ { x { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ (vii) ] «, S xx <«u Æ EÚ + V i B B x Æ { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ (viii) i M Ø EΔÚ ±]Â], ΔM ± Ø u Æ EÚ S x  EÚ + V i x J t  B Ú B { B x Æh x Δj h { Æ I h EÚ «GÚ (ix) <«u Æ <]±, Æ Ï Â 17-28/10/2016 E Ú n ËÆ x <EÚ ] C x { Æ + V i I h EÚ «GÚ (x) B Ú B B B + <«<Δ]Æx x ± ± < Ú <Δ <Δ ] ] ] < hb u Æ Δ <«Â 15-19/11/2016 EÚ + V i M b Úb ± Æ]Æ ËC] { Æ +Δi Æ «π] EÚ «± I h (xi) B + <«, < hb u Æ EÚ SS  08-12/08/2016 E Ú n ËÆ x + <«B :2015 M h k Δv x h ± ± b + Ï b]æ EÚ «{ Æ I h EÚ «GÚ <. ± =t M E Ú i EÚx EÚ EÚ Ã EÚ Â E Ú ± B I h EÚ «GÚ (i) (ii) (iii) π « E Ú n ËÆ x M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± x Ë i EÚ, Æ x EÚ, + π i EÚ + ËÆ I V Ë EÚ { ËÆ ]Æ Â E Ú ± B ±  ± =i{ n  { Æ S Æ I h EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ + V x EÚ * xx ± =t M  E Ú i EÚx EÚ EÚ Ã EÚ Â Ωi E Ú± 27 n  x <x EÚ «GÚ Â Â M ± + ËÆ I h ±EÚ E Ú {  ` 3.16 ± J EÚ Æ V {i EÚ M * l Ω, M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± x xx EÚ Ï± V  E Ú B B +Δ i π «E Ú U j  (10) i l B U j  (3) EÚ v Δv v BΔ M «n «x n x EÚ * M ± E Ú i EÚx EÚ ] Ú x ± x ±± E Ú ± B x EÚ x x x GÚ { Æ x x x BV   EÚ 31/03/2017 EÚ I h n x EÚ, { h x +x M x < I h EÚ «GÚ EÚ V x EÚ * 41

44 <«) Æ π] /+Δi Æ «π] EÚ «GÚ Â Â M n Æ M ± x ± Â/ ± =i{ n  E Ú ± B M h k ±, x nê  EÚ { x Δ Δv Æ π] / +Δi Æ «π] Ë`EÚ Â Â GÚ { M ± * π « E Ú n ËÆ x M ± E Ú i EÚx EÚ ] Ú x x x ± J i EÚ «GÚ Â Â M ± : { < b«u Æ B Ú B + + ËÆ EÚ b C B ± Â] Æ EÚ x E Ú l Δ HÚ { 05-10/02/2017 E Ú n ËÆ x S xx <«Â + V i ±  { EÚ EÚ Â { Æ EÚ b C i EÚ i Æ j Æ i J t ΔÆ I x EÚ v EÚÆ h (B Ú B B B + <«), n±± u Æ 30/01/2017 EÚ + V i + ± i n ± S x  +{ h { Æ Ë`EÚ Æ i J t ΔÆ I x EÚ v EÚÆ h (B Ú B B B + <«) n±± u Æ 27-31/03/2017 V { x π] Δb± E Ú l J t ΔÆI { Æ + V i Ë`EÚ B { S Æ BΔb ] <] V EÚ ± Ï O { u Æ x <«n±±  12/05/2016 EÚ + V i Ω { I { Æ g x { Æ S S «Æ i J t ΔÆ I x EÚ v EÚÆ h (B Ú B B B + <«) u Æ x <«n±±  13/05/2016 EÚ x <«n±±  + V i 10 B Ú + ËÆ +x EÚ b C i  22 B Ú + <«B, B B, 48 B Ú B, 30 + { + ËÆ 48 { + Æ { Æ b - À ÚM Ë`EÚ Æ i J t ΔÆ I x EÚ v EÚÆ h (B Ú B B B + <«) u Æ x <«n±±  + V i EÚ b C B ± Â] Æ EÚ x E Ú 39  j EÚ ui Ëb EÚ ] Ë`EÚ h V Δj ± u Æ 23/06/2016 EÚ Æ V ] EfiÚi x «i EÚ Â E Ú l + V i Ã]ı ÚE Ú x + Ï Ú + Æ V x + Ï Ú M b Ú ÏÆ <«V x Ʊ <Vb ] + Ï Ú ÚÆ Ë`EÚ + <«B + Æ + <«u Æ x <«n±±  29/06/2016 EÚ Æ π] i Æ { Æ + V i " x ]ÀÆM + Ï Ú { ] <b Æ b ' V x { Æ i EÚx EÚ i EÚ Ë`EÚ h V Δj ± u Æ x <«n±±  24/08/2016 EÚ + V i BΔb GÚ <x v +  { Æ <«x  { Æ Ë`EÚ x <«n±±  21/09/2016 EÚ =SS i Æ <Δb <«b ± ÏM x Æ EÚ b C i u Æ 26/09/2016 EÚ x <«n±±  + V i -B B Ú B + / b ± BS + EÚ Ãbx À]M EÚ ] Ú ÏÆ B EÚ 20 Δ j x <«n±±  29/09/2016 EÚ { ÆΔ{ Æ M i J t x J  EÚ Æ π] x nê EÚ { Æ Ω V i { Æ V x EfiÚ π x u Æ 03/10/2016 EÚ x <«n±±  + V i x EÚV x + π E Ú x ]ÀÆM { Æ EÂÚp C]Æ V x E Ú EÚ «x x E Ú ± B ] ÀÆM EÚ ] EÚ x Ë Ë`EÚ EfiÚ π x, x <«n±±  06/10/2016 EÚ + V i { + Æ { x Æ I B Ú b B u Æ 18-24/10/2016 E Ú n ËÆ x + V i J t l { Æ EÚ b C i ( B Ú BS ) x <«n±±  05/11/2016 EÚ + V i M ± E Ú ± B i x h ±  EÚ x x v i Bƒ Δ x +  { Æ x Æ x <«n±±  30/12/2016 EÚ + V i M Æ ± / i ˱ Æ ± x EÚ x v «Æi EÚÆx E Ú ± B Ú± V  i l +x =i{ n  { Æ ËY x EÚ { Ëx ± EÚ U`ˆ Ë`EÚ EÚx b B Ú + <«B E Ú x i fii E Ú π] Δb± E Ú n ËÆ E Ú ± ±  <«+ <«u Æ x <«n±±  15/02/ 2017 EÚ + V i Ë`EÚ 01/03/2017 EÚ x <«n±±  x «i x Æ I h { Æπ n EÚ 111 Ë`EÚ EfiÚ π x u Æ x <«n±±  03/03/2017 EÚ + V i B + <«b BS { x Æ I Ë`ˆEÚ 07/03/2017 EÚ x <«n±±  B Ú B B B + <«Â EÚ b C l Ëb EÚ ] Ë`EÚ M i Ën x, x <«n±±  07/03/2017 EÚ + Ω Æ ± <«B u Æ 24-25/01/2017 E Ú n ËÆ x EÚ SS  + V i + <«B + / ]ı 34/B 7 EÚ 29 {± x Æ Ë`EÚ B Ú B b 9 + <«B u Æ EÚ SS  23/01/2017 EÚ + V i { <, C ± x Æ Ω «Bhb EÚ Âb Â] C x ± EÚ ] EÚ { ΔpΩ Ë`EÚ 42

45 EÂÚp +M E«Ú M ±, x M { Æ Â 08/03/2017 EÚ ± ΔEÚx n± E Ú M E Ú {  x Æ I h 02/02/2017 EÚ M h k x Δj h M ±, Ë ± <Δb ] V, EÚ± Æ E ÚÆ ± EÚ Δ HÚ x Æ I h + <«+ <«B + Æ EÚ π CEÚ b u Æ 24/08/2016 EÚ + V i " ±   M h k ± ΔEÚx v ƒ Bƒ' { Æ j EÚ x Æ ± EÚ b«, + ± E ÚÆ ±  EÚ «Œx i + <«B + /+ <«<«17025 M h ii h ±  EÚ + Δi ÆEÚ ± J { Æ I B + + <«B± u Æ 10/11/2016 EÚ Δ <«Â + V i M ± i x h ±  EÚ x x v i Bƒ Δ v Æ { Æ x Æ + <«] b + ËÆ { < b«u Æ 08/11/2016 EÚ Δ <«Â + V i <«x  E Ú +x Æ ±  EÚ x x x Bx + Æ B B, + <«B + Æ u Æ 21-22/01/ 2017 E Ú n ËÆ x Æ V l x E Ú +V Æ Â + V i ""EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú Ë + ËÆ + V EÚ ÆI g x E Ú ± B V ± '' { Æ Æ π] x Æ* M ± E Ú i EÚx EÚ ] Ú x "" V ±   x EÚV x + π EÚ Δv x '' { Æ M «n «EÚ-{ S i i EÚ * 24-25/03/2017 E Ú n ËÆ x <xn x  + <«{ M h k EÚ ] Ë`EÚ M ], EÚ ±  08-11/06/2017 E Ú n ËÆ x B± Â] M ] Ú Æ 26-30/09/2016 E Ú n ËÆ x EÚ b C < hb u Æ n±±  + V i Æ V x ± EÚ b C EÚ ] Ë`EÚ EÚ b C S ± u Æ 06-10/02/2017 E Ú n ËÆ x S xx <«Â + V i ±  { EÚ EÚ Â { Æ EÚ b C i ( B BS 3) =) + <«B + h ±  V c EÚ «EÚ± { (i) π «E Ú n ËÆ x M... S xx <«EÚ Bx B B± + <«B :2005 (Bx B B± ) E Ú +v x B~± ] C x + ËÆ c x ÆΔV EÚ Ωi + ` Æ x EÚ { ËÆ ]Æ Â EÚ (ii) (iii) (iv) V ΔS E Ú ± B { x : i i EÚ M + ËÆ i «x i x 27/03/2018 i EÚ v x ΩË* M..., x Æ ± EÚ 22/09/2016 EÚ + <«B :2005 E Ú +v x + <«B + / + <«<«17025:2005 i x {i Ω + + ËÆ Ω 21/09/ 2018 i EÚ Ëv ΩË* Δ <«+ ËÆ M h] Æ EÚ M h k ± ΔEÚx M ± +   Bx B B± u Æ + v E Ú n ËÆ x x M Δ Æ M ËÆ- +x E Ú± x E Ú, x M Æ x ± J { Æ I S ± <«M <«* M..., EÚ SS x + <«B + /+ <«<«17025, + <«B : ËÆ + <«B :2004 V Ë M h k h ±  EÚ +{ x EÚ «x x /+x { ± x V Æ ÆJ * M h k ± ΔEÚx M ±, EÚ SS u Æ Ω i Δ Æ 2016 E Ú n ËÆ x + <«B EÚ { x : h x ± J { Æ I + ËÆ + <«B + / + <«<«17025 b EÚ ] Ï{ ± J { Æ I Ú± i { «EÚ { Æ EÚ * >apple) + ] (B B ] B) V ΔS x x EÚ «GÚ M ± + ÆEÚx { < ] b B B x u Æ S ± B V x ± B B ] B V ΔS x x EÚ «GÚ Â x i { M ± i ΩË* π «E Ú n ËÆ x EÚ SS, Δ <«, M h] Æ, S xx <«, i i EÚ Æx + ËÆ x Æ ± EÚ M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +  x S «, EÚ ± S «+ ËÆ + Æ M x  ÆΔM ±, EËÚ{ < x, V ± GÚ i, E Ú± Æ K, B b +P ± x ± Æ J, { π{ ± i ±, x, { { Æ x P ]EÚ, <-EÚ ±, ± x ±±, EÚ ± Ú + n { ËÆ ]Æ Â E Ú ± B.]ı. EÚ «GÚ Â M ± * + ]ı u Æ =Ci V ƒs x x EÚ «GÚ E Ú S Æ n ËÆ S ± B M B + ËÆ M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± u Æ i Ë Æ EÚ M <«V ƒs Æ { ]ı Á E Ú Z EÚ Æ Δi π V x EÚ { B M { < b«v ΔS x x EÚ «GÚ M h k ± ΔEÚx M ± +  x v Ë i EÚ, Æ x EÚ, + π i EÚ I V Ë EÚ { ËÆ ]Æ Â E Ú ± B +Δi & M ± V ΔS x x EÚ «GÚ S ± B + ËÆ {i { Æh Z EÚ Æ EÚ +  E Ú ± E Ú± +ΔnÆ { B M B* M h k ± ΔEÚx M ±, EÚ SS x +M i ËÆ V x Æ 2017 E Ú n ËÆ x ]Ëıxb b«{± ]ı EÚ =h]ı, ]ı ±b 43

46 EÚ =h]ı, ± Æ, Bx]ıÆ ËC]ı Æ C± Œ ] ı b { Æ ÚV x ± x ±± V Ë I V Ë EÚ { ËÆ ]Æ Â E Ú ± B x V V ΔS M ± +  + ËÆ +x M h k ± ΔEÚx M ± +  E Ú l i x Æ =Δb +Δi Æ M ± V ΔS x x EÚ «GÚ S ± B* S ± B M B + <«B± EÚ «GÚ E Ú Æ =Δb   M..., EÚ SS EÚ x π{ nx Δi π V x EÚ ÆΩ * +Δi Æ «π] + EÚÆh B Ú B { B B u Æ S ± B M B h i - V ΔS EÚ «GÚ E Ú +v x M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± +  x B~± ] C x, + GÚ ] C x B + ËÆ +x + Ëv ÆΔ V EÚ V Ë z { ËÆ ]ıæ  E Ú ± B GÚ { M ± * M ± u Æ i i { Æ h Z EÚ Æ E Ú ± E Ú± +xn Æ { B M B* B) + <«B + x EÚ Â E Ú l Æi x EÚ Â EÚ i ± ± M h ii ± ΔEÚx M ± E Ú ] Ú x + <«B + x EÚ Â + ËÆ B Ú B B B + <«E Ú l Æi x EÚ Â E Ú i ± ± E Ú ± B + V i Ë`EÚ Â Â M ±, V Æi x EÚ Æ ( + <«B ), B Ú B B B + <«+ ËÆ + <«B + S ± E Ú Ω M + V i EÚ V Æ Ω ΩË * M ± E Ú ] Ú x x nê i Ë Æ EÚÆx E Ú ± B xx <± C] x EÚ EÚ «n± (<«b ± V B ) EÚ x i fii EÚÆi Ω B ±  { EÚ EÚ Â { Æ EÚ b C i ( B BS )  GÚ { M ± * (i) (ii) +v I, { < b«eú +v I i Â, V x Æ 2017 E Ú n ËÆ x { < b«, EÚ SS  + <«B + ]ı - 34/B 7 - { <, { EÚ EÚ + ËÆ EÚ ƒb h] ı ={ i EÚ 29 ƒ j Δ{ z Ω + * { < b«/ B, b ± BS + / B ÚB+ u Æ Δ HÚ { + V i B BS 3 EÚ Ë`EÚ Â M... E Ú i EÚx EÚ ] Ú x V Æ, EÚ ± S «, + Æ M x + ËÆ l < E Ú ± B Ën x EÚ i Ë Æ EÚÆx E Ú ± B <«b ± V E Ú +v I / Ω+v I E Ú {  Â] x i i EÚ / Ω i EÚ * (iii) V EÚ Æ π] /+Δi Æ «π] ΔM `x Â/BV   u Æ ƒm EÚ V x { Æ ±  E Ú x nê Â/M h k ± Â Δ xv i xx n i V  { Æ + <«B, + <«B +, + <«{ + ËÆ EÚ b C S ± EÚ ]{{ h / Z n x EÚB V i ΩÈ* B ) ± M <«{ Æ V x BΔ (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) I V Y x Â Æ ÚƱ M ± E Ú {  EÚ «EÚÆx E Ú ± B I V Y x ± π h + ËÆ +x I V Y x M i v  E Ú ± B M h k ± ΔEÚx M ±, Δ <«Â x x i + v x EÚ ={ EÚÆh  EÚ J Æ n E Ú u Æ " I V Y x  =iefiúπ]i EÚ EÂÚp' { Æ V x EÚ EÚ «x x EÚ M * { < b«e Ú + x «x Æ I h EÚ «GÚ E Ú i Ωi ± x ±± E Ú + v x EÚ ={ EÚÆh  E Ú l M h k ± ΔEÚx M ± +  EÚ =xx x EÚ M, V ± π h EÚ EÚ EÚÆ i ΩË * + ± n ± S x (Cinnamomum verum Syn.C. zeylanicum) + ËÆ + ± i (Cinnamomum cassia) EÚ +± M -+± M { ΩS x x E Ú BEÚ ± i Æ E Ú E Ú EÚ { Æ + <«B + Æ, + <«+ <«B + Æ + ËÆ { < b«e Ú S E Ú { Æ V x i EÚ +x ni EÚ M + ËÆ + <«+ <«B + Æ E Ú l B + { Æ Ω i I Æ EÚÆx EÚ EÚ «GÚ v x ΩË* B B + <«b <«V x E Ú +v x EÚ hc±, M V Æ i  BEÚ n EÚ M h k ± ΔEÚx M ± EÚ x «h EÚ M + ËÆ 04 <«2016 EÚ < EÚ =n P ]x EÚ M * Bx + Æ V E Ú l M Ë GÚ ] O Ú ] Δb { C] ] u Æ <± S, S «+ ËÆ V Æ Â x V x + π  E Ú ± π h E Ú ± B BEÚ Ω + π] v E Ú EÚ + ËÆ v x { Æ BEÚ { Æ V x M i { Æ ΩË + ËÆ < + v E Ú n ËÆ x I h EÚ «GÚ EÚ { Ω± M { Æ Ω M * 44

47 11. x «i x J +x Δv x Æi <± S +x Δv x Δ l x (+ <«+ Æ + <«), { < b«x E Ú n ËÆ x V «{± ΔÆ I h B Δ V i v Æ, V Ë Ët M EÚ Ω i I {, BEÚ EfiÚi { π EÚ, x EÚV B Δ Æ M Δv x i l i EÚx ± V +xi Æ h V Ë z { Ω ± +  { Æ +x Δv x S ± * U ] <± S (B± ] Æ EÚ b«(b± ) Ë] x ) + ËÆ c <± S (+ ± ] Æ C.) BEÚ EfiÚi EÚ ] Δv x, fin { Æ I h + v Æi = «ÆEÚ Ú Æ Â ± C± x EÚ, ± =i{ nx i EÚx ± V { Æ I h, V Ë EÚ ÆEÚ Â E Ú =i{ nx + ËÆ U ] i l c <± S Æ { h O EÚ + { Ãi { Æ ± ΩEÚ Æ BΔ V Ë i Æ M i v Δ S ± <«M <»* +) Ú ± v Æ (i) U ] <± S i ± x b E Ú ± Æ { ± x { Ω c  E Ú V ΔM ±  + ËÆ x x   V «{± V ÊI h EÚB M B + ËÆ U ] <± S E Ú S Æ + ui ΔO Ω {i Ω B* ˱ b Δ { Æ Â Æ π] + Æh  563 <± S Œ{i Δ + ËÆ 12 Δ r i C EÚ ÆJ ÆJ EÚ M l * EÚ± { Æ E Ú V «{± V  <± S EÚ 244 Œ{i Δ + ËÆ Δ r V i  EÚ 10 Œ{i Δ EÚ x B ÆJ M * + <«+ Æ+ <«3, + <«+ Æ+ <«5, + <«+ Æ+ <«8, B 260 V Ë x Ê S i E Ú± x C± x  EÚ M h i EÚÆ EÚ x  EÚ i Æi EÚ M * { <«] EÚ { Ën Æ x n «EÚ B 172 x EÚ Ú + v EÚ ={ V (792 EÚO / Ω C] Æ) n * m { Ωπh { Æ I h  E Ú +x Æ B E Ú{ 169 (0.09)  Δ{ ]ıeú { Æ m { E Ú EÚ { EÚ P ]x BΔ EÚ l V EÚ B 260 (2.10%)  < + v EÚi { M * B Ú1 ΔEÚÆ B E Ú{ 189 x B 260 E Ú ± ΔEÚx  EÚx «]ıeú  GÚ Ï EÚ ÏŒ x x ={ V EÚ næ EÚ Ú + v EÚ (880 EÚO /Ω C] Æ) { <«M <«+ ËÆ Ω l x EÚ { Æ I h V Æ ΩÈ * M n Æ V x x EÚ «GÚ E Ú M E Ú {  + <«+ Æ+ <«EÚ± { Æ Ú «+ ËÆ EÚ x  E Ú J Δb   U ] <± S E Ú Δ M Ω < b V i  EÚ ± ΔEÚx EÚ V ÆΩ ΩË* + <«+ Æ+ <«, ˱ b Δ { Æ Â EÚB M B c <± S E Ú { Æ M h { Æ I h { i S ± EÚ Ω l { Æ M h +{ ÆΩ «l C  EÚ v CJ Δ { Æ M EÚ S Æ EÚÆ Æ Ω l * (ii) b <± S V «{± V ΔO Ω E Ú ± B CEÚ + ËÆ { Œ S ΔM ± E Ú n V À± M V ±  ÊI h EÚ M * + <«+ Æ+ <«-+ Æ+ ÆB V «{± V EΔÚV Ê]Æ E Ú { ΔM i RÛ + ËÆ EÚ n x  +x Δv x Ú»  =SS ={ V + ËÆ +x π] h» E Ú M h  E Ú + v Æ { Æ c <± S + ËÆ Δ r V i  E Ú i x Ë BEÚ Œ{i  EÚ ÆJ ÆJ EÚ M l * + ) V Ë Ët M EÚ Ë± b Δ { Æ Â + h EÚ V Y x M ± + <«+ Æ+ <«l { i EÚ M <«l * + <«+ Æ+ <«EÚ V Æ EÚ Â E Ú S + x Δ EÚ v i + ËÆ Δ Δv  EÚ ± ΔEÚx EÚ M + ËÆ b ] ] i Ë Æ EÚ M <«* B + ËÆ { <«B + V Ë EÚ ± S «; U ] <± S +l «i b B + ËÆ c <± S B± E Ú xx Ʊ Æ M  E Ú + h EÚ x n x EÚ { i ± M M * { V ] EÚ Æ± x n x b Bx B + ËÆ + ÆBx B Æ +± M + ËÆ ± π h { Æ I h n M * + h EÚ E«ÚÆ Â E Ú v V Ú± E Ú b <+ Ï EÚ ± I h h «x EÚ M l * BEÚ EÚ n E Ú "{ ^x { Æ i i EÚ l ± EÚ ± S «+ ËÆ <± S V Ë ±  E Ú + ÃEÚ+ ] x EÚ± x x  { Æ + h EÚ E«ÚÆ +v x Ωi +x Δv x ' x EÚ BEÚ { Æ V x EÚ { Æ EÚ M, V EÚ Æ{ ]«ΔEÚ± x E Ú S Æh  ΩË* n B + ÆB Ú ( V + ËÆ B + <«+ Æ) x (i) V Ú± ( Æ ]EÚ ÚO x Ω ])  b <B EÚ + h EÚ ± I h h «x B Δ (ii) U ] <± S (B± ] Æ EÚ b«ë] x ) EÚ E ÚU x Ê S i V i  E Ú EfiÚ π + EfiÚ i Y x + ËÆ + h EÚ ± I h { Æ +{ x { BS b l i i EÚ ΩË* Æ M Δ Δv E«ÚÆ Â { Æ V x EÚ Æ =i{ xx EÚÆx E Ú ± B b ] ± π h E Ú l <± S ] Δ GÚ{] V C] { Æ EÚ M + ËÆ + EÚ x E Ú ± B i Ë Æ ΩË* + <«+ Æ+ <«, ˱ b Δ{ Æ u Æ +M i 2016 E Ú n ËÆ x Æi ± { Ëv  { Æ k { π i + <«B + Æ { Æ V x ± M EÚ M <«l + ËÆ ±  EÚ M i { Æ x O Ú i Ë Æ EÚ V ÆΩ ΩË* <) EfiÚ π Y x + ËÆ fin Y x (i) U ] <± S <± S E Ú =i{ neú  {i 1750 fin x x  EÚ { π EÚ i i  + ËÆ { BS E Ú ± B ± π h EÚ M * fin { Æ I h 45

48 Ci Ω + EÚ 69 i i ^ Â, { BS + ± +i v EÚ + ± ΩË, V E Ú ± B ^ Â Δ v x (S x b ± <]) EÚ + EÚi Ω i ΩË* E Ú± 62 i i ^  l EÚ { π EÚ i i Â Â Ú Ï Ú Æ Ω i + v EÚ ={ ± v l V E Ú ± B Z n Æ +x M  EÚ + EÚi l * M Ëh { π EÚ i i   41 i i ^  ËMx + ËÆ 52 i i ^  M Δv EÚ EÚ EÚ l * I { π EÚ i i   76 i i ^ Â Æ x EÚ + ËÆ 28 i i ^  V i EÚ EÚ l * n Æ M Æ E Ú P ± E Ú l 10 ]x / Ω C]Æ EÚ næ B Ú+ <«B x EÚÆ M EÚÆx E Ú { Æh { Ú ± E Ú + ` Ë Â Â <± S EÚ ]EÚ >apple { Ën Æ Ω <«* x V x E Ú ± B V Æ BV  EÚ Ë b ] Æ EÚ b«eúæ E Ú +ti x x EÚÆ n x EÚ M * UÙ ]ı <± S  { Ëv  E Ú fin + ËÆ { h { π EÚ Â E Ú Δ Ci M EÚ, EfiÚ π ËY x EÚ EÚ Á + ËÆ ± V Ë j { Æ Æ Ω * fin M EÚ i ± x Â, E Ú ± { h { π h {i { Ëv   +{ I EfiÚi EÚ ± V Ë j n J M <«* + Æ+ ÆB EÚ± { Æ Â, Ω { M EÚ <± S  V fii EÚ M ^  ± EÚ Æ Æ M h +  EÚ ΔJ EÚ g i ΩË* < i ÆΩ, { ÂM E ÚEÚ E Ú l ± { i Æ + ËÆ x E ÚEÚ i l V { = «Æ EÚ EÚ ={ M -I i EÚ v Æ x Ω i ± EÚ Æ x <] ı V x EÚ Æ Δn x ÊS x EÚÆ x ±  = «Æ EÚ {  EÚ Æ { B M B* (ii) b <± S Æ C { h / fin E Ú M + ËÆ ^  Zn, Mn + ËÆ Mg fi r E Ú ± B ± EÚ Æ i Ω + + ËÆ EÚ± O. i Ω C]ı Æ + ËÆ EÚ± O. E Ú l Æ C { h + ËÆ fin EÚ +x M i Ω C]ıÆ EÚ J ={ V  { Æ h i Ω + * +x ={ S Æ EÚ i ± x  ZnSO4 + MnSO4 + MgSO4 E Ú { h +x M x J ={ V ( EÚ± O. i Ω C]ıÆ )  g <«* fin x ΔÆI h l +  { Æ l i +v x, i Ω { Æ { k  EÚ J n ^  =SS i x (24.11 i i ) + ËÆ c <± S EÚ + v EÚi J ={ V ( EÚ± O. i Ω C]ıÆ ) nv «EÚ M <«* <«) { n { Æ M Y x (i) U ] <± S <b CEÚ V ±  xx l x  U ] <± S Â Æ M  EÚ x M Æ x EÚ M <«l * ^ =i{ xx EÚ EÚ + ËÆ ^ E Ú I x { i EÚ V ΔS E Ú ± B <b CEÚ V ± ^ E Ú x x 429 BEÚj EÚB M B l * l i x M Æ x ˱ b Δ { Æ E Ú + <«+ Æ+ <«V «{± V EΔÚV Ê]Æ Â x B M B 403 U ]ı <± S V x ] <{  xx EÚ EÚ + ËÆ π h EÚ Æ Â EÚ P ]x +  EÚ nv «EÚ M l * i V U ]ı <± S Δ{ ]ıeú  EÚ ]x EÚ + π  { Æ "+ V x ' E Ú { Æ EÚB M B +v x { i S ± ΩË EÚ + V x <± S 75 i i + v EÚ ÀC x ± Ú + π x EÚ ± EÚi ΩË* Æ V CEÚ b { ΔS i I j  EÚ ± S «E Ú ± B I j Æ BEÚ EfiÚi EÚ ] Δv x { Æ V x (B b ± + <«{ B ) E Ú +Δi M «i { ΔS n «x J Δb   S Æ Â { S x ] EÚ b «E Ú n b «h, +, EÚ «± Ú x ={ S Æ Δn ±] { ± { cx E Ú Æ M EÚ x Δ j i EÚÆx  ÆΩ * S ± ËC] Æ <«+ ËÆ EÚ EÚ V Ë BV Â]  E Ú EÚ±S Æ + ËÆ ÆJ ÆJ EÚ M * xx { h v Æ Â + ËÆ EÚ x  {i + ` V Ë EÚ O + ËÆ ^ E Ú x x  EÚ I V Ë EÚ + n E Ú ± B ± π h EÚ M * M i ± EÚ x  EÚ U ] <± S, EÚ ± S «, Ë x ±, V Ú± + ËÆ +næeú 278 Æ M O i { Ëv  E Ú ± B x n x + ËÆ I j ± ΩEÚ Æ BΔ n x EÚ M <»* UΩ ± C± x EÚ Â EÚ + V x EÚ M + ËÆ { n { Æ M Y x M E Ú ËY x EÚ Â x <x Â Δ v x HÚ Â E Ú {  M ± * + <«+ Æ + <«Ú «, ˱ b Δ{ Æ Â EΔÚn  EÚ cx (J i  +Æ M O i ) EÚ Ωπh x Ë V «{± V Œ{i  EÚ ΔM fiω i + ËÆ ΔÆ I i EÚ M l * π « EÚ + v E Ú n ËÆ x + <«+ Æ + <«, ˱ b Δ { Æ Â M i ± EÚ x  EÚ ] <EÚ b «± C b (1444 ±.), b x ± C b ( ±.) V Ë { EÚ M h i EÚ EÚ + ËÆ ËC] Æ <«V Ë EÚ ÆEÚ Â EÚ + { Ãi EÚ M <«* M i ± EÚ x Â, Æ V M Æ +  + ËÆ M ËÆ ÆEÚ Æ ΔM `x  E Ú UΩ ËS  EÚ { n { Æ M Y x M E Ú =i{ nx { Æ b x + ËÆ ] <EÚ b «V Ë V Ë x Δj h EÚ ÆEÚ Â { Æ i I I h n M * + ` EΔÚn b x i Æ v Œ{i Δ + ËÆ i Ωπh Œ{i  EÚ { ϱ Ω >apple GÚ Àx M E Ú +v x EÚ M * ± ΔEÚx E Ú ± B Ω Ï]ı { Ï]ı I j   Δ{ ]ıeú v EÚ Ωπh Œ{i Â, m { Ωπh Œ{i Δ + ËÆ ] }± <«Ω πh Œ{i ƒ Æ { i EÚ M <»* ÆΔ EÚ { ϱ Ω >apple GÚ Àx M E Ú n EÚ^ ı Ωπh E Ú {  { ΩS x M <«Œ{i  EÚ + M E Ú ± ΔEÚx E Ú ± B J i   ± M M l * (ii) b <± S UÙ U (5 i i ) EÚ +{ I V Ë x Δj h EÚ ÆEÚ Â, V Ë b x }± Æ x E Ú UcEÚ { h «S ii EÚ EÚ P ]x BΔ nj n * 46

49 CEÚ Æ V, n V À± M V ± ({ Œ S ΔM ± ) + ËÆ +Ø h S ± n E Ú M x   c <± S E Ú Æ M  { Æ BEÚ ÊI h { Æ M x  ± <] EÚ P ]x BΔ n J M <», V +Ø h S ± n  +{ I EfiÚi + v EÚ ΩÈ * EÚ<«M x   S ÆE Ú + ËÆ ÚÆ E Ú Æ± Æ M  EÚ P ]x nv «EÚ M <«l * 1650 ± ]ıæ b x }± Æ x EÚ =i{ nx EÚ M + ËÆ c <± S, +næeú, Ω±n + ËÆ +x ± Â Â Æ M Δv x E Ú ± B CEÚ Æ V + ËÆ { Œ S ΔM ± E Ú n V À± M V ± E Ú M i ± EÚ x  EÚ < EÚ + { Ãi EÚ M <«* CEÚ E Ú EÚ x  EÚ V Ë EÚ ÆEÚ =i{ nx + ËÆ I j n «x  { Æ I h n M l * =) EÚ ] Y x <± S E Ú Æ Ω v EÚ EÚ ]  E Ú ± B, EÚ x M ] { Δ C] ÚÆË ±, GÚ ÚÆ x P ]EÚ +l «i Ω C b x EÚ B b + ËÆ 12- V b-v b, + ÏC] b x EÚ B b + ËÆ EËÚ{ ±  U n EÚÆx ± EÚ ]  E Ú Δv x E Ú ± B Ω± { i ΔM + ËÆ C ÚÆ x { ΩS x EÚ M <«l + ËÆ J i   =x EÚ ± ΔEÚx S ± ÆΩ ΩË* + <«+ Æ+ <«J i, ˱ b Δ { Æ Â EÚB M B EÚ ] + ËÆ EfiÚ i EÚ n x ÊI h  E Ú±, Ún CJ Â, ± ± EÚc l À] V b V Ë U ] EÚ ]  + ËÆ <± S ± M ƒ`ˆ j EfiÚ (<5.0 i i ) EÚ +{ I EfiÚi EÚ EÚ { EÚ { i S ± ΩË* EfiÚ i EÚ n x ÊI h ± «{ ÆV Â, +l «i +{ Â]ı± B { + ËÆ M± <{] { Â]± B { V Ë Æ Ω + ËÆ Δ{ ]ıeú v EÚ EÚ ]  (EÚ Ïx M ] { Δ C] ÚÆË ± ) { Æ i i i i EÚ { EÚ Æh ± * <b CEÚ V ±, E ÚƱ  <± S ± fiδm EÚ E Ú V Ë Δv x E Ú ± B, M i ± EÚ x  EÚ 79.0 BEÚc  M ˱ Æ EÚb Æ Ú Ï «± x ( ΔJ B 1,41,700)  + <«+ Æ + <«<«{ Bx - 18 (Ω ] Æ n < ] <Δ beú ) E Ú Δ i + ËÆ V Ë EÚ ]x EÚ EÚ + { Ãi EÚ M <«* >apple) i EÚx ± V +xi Æh (i) U ] <± S <b CEÚ V ±  UΩ ± C± x EÚ Â EÚ + V x EÚ M * ˱ b Δ{ Æ + ËÆ EÚ± { Æ Â EÚ x  EÚ GÚ : + <«+ Æ + <«5 + ËÆ B -260 (1825), EÚ ± S «EÚi Æ x (16673), EÚ ± (1000) + ËÆ U ] <± S Æ { h O (3000 +xi «i Æ Δ), <± S V Δ{ ]ıeú EÚ.O., B b EÚ Æ Ú <b <± S V EÚ± O., EÚ ± S «-5,700, EÚ ± i Æi EÚB M B* 1022 Æ { EÚ Â x <± S + ËÆ EÚ ± S «EÚ J i E Ú xx { Ω± +  { Æ ± ΩEÚ Æ +  E Ú ± B + <«+ Æ + <«, ˱ b Δ { Æ + ËÆ 142 Æ { EÚ Â x + Æ + Æ B, EÚ± { Æ EÚ n ËÆ EÚ * M i ± EÚ x  E Ú ± B <± S + ËÆ EÚ ± S «E Ú xx { Ω± +  { Æ + <«+ Æ + <«, ˱ b { Æ Â Æ Ω + ËÆ EÚ± { Æ Â i I h / V M EÚi EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ + V x EÚ M * π « E Ú n ËÆ x + <«+ Æ+ <«, ˱ b Δ{ Æ Â <b CEÚ V ± E Ú EÚ x  + ËÆ B BS V E Ú ± B V Ë - x xj h EÚ Æ EÚ Â E Ú c { Ë x { Æ M h x { Æ S Æ " M EÚ I h EÚ «GÚ ' + V i EÚB M B* + <«+ Æ + <«, ˱ b { Æ Â { π h /EÚ ]/Æ M Δv x { Æ i x I h EÚ «GÚ + V i EÚB M B l * ˱ b Δ{ Æ Â 2022 fin x x Â, 31 { h «-x x  EÚ ± π h EÚ M + ËÆ EÚ x  EÚ Δ i i Δ n M <«* EÚ ]ıæ M V x EÚ j EfiÚ EËÚb Æ (1,01,875) EÚ M h i EÚ M + ËÆ <± S  ± fiδm EÚ E Ú Δv x E Ú ± B EÚ x  EÚ <x EÚ + { Ãi EÚ M <«* (ii) b <± S CEÚ Æ V + ËÆ { Œ S ΔM ± E Ú n V À± M V ± E Ú EÚ x  E Ú ± B c <± S { Æ M ÆΩ <± ± C± x EÚ Â EÚ + V x EÚ M * c <± S, +næeú + ËÆ Ω±n EÚ v Æ EfiÚ π i EÚx EÚ Â { Æ EÚ x Â/ i Æ + v EÚ Æ Â E Ú ± B <EÚi I h EÚ «GÚ + V i EÚB M B + ËÆ <x EÚ «GÚ Â 2045 ± EÚ x  EÚ ± Ω + * CEÚ Æ V + ËÆ { Œ S ΔM ± E Ú n V À± M V ±  c <± S E Ú =i{ nx + ËÆ Ú ± EÚ]ı <«E Ú { S i E Ú Δv x E Ú xx { Ω± +  { Æ c <± S E Ú { S M x  EÚ + <«+ Æ + <«E Ú + v EÚ Æ Â x n ËÆ EÚ + ËÆ ± ΩEÚ Æ BΔ n x EÚ * 16 x Δ Æ 2016 EÚ Æi <± S +x Δv x Δ l x (+ <«+ Æ+ <«), + Æ+ ÆB, i n ÂM  c <± S EÚ 24 Ãπ EÚ +x Δv x { Æπ n (B+ Æ ) Ë`EÚ + V i EÚ M <«+ ËÆ +x Δv x EÚ «GÚ Â EÚ M i EÚ I EÚ M <«*.B. M b b, ËY x EÚ, EfiÚ π Y x EÚ EfiÚ π +x Δv x B Δ Ët M EÚ, Æ`, =k Æ n  ËY x EÚ EÚ E Ú ± B EfiÚ π +x Δv x (BO x )  =iefiúπ] M n x E Ú ± B Ω M { Æ EÚ Æ 2016 x i EÚ M * b Ï. E Ú. v x { ±, ={ x n EÚ (+x Δv x ) EÚ Æi E Ú x { i EÚ ÊI h u Æ " CEÚ Â c <± S (+ ± ] Æ C.)  + ± - fiœπ]ı Ω x ± x EÚ x ' x EÚ ± J E Ú ± B " «π` i i { Æ EÚ Æ 2017' x i EÚ M * 47

50 12. S x Ët M EÚ + ËÆ <± C] ı Ï x EÚ + ƒeúb GÚ h S x Ët M EÚ EÚ n ˱ i b«e Ú GÚ EÚ± { =±± J x { n ± M B ΩÈ * EÚ<«v EÚ «+ Ïx ± <x h ±  { Æ Ãi i EÚB M B ΩÈ, V xω Âx b«e Ú z M  EÚ EÚ «Æ =±± J x { EÚ EÚÆ n ΩË + ËÆ =x E Ú ΔS ± x EÚ +{ I i v P ]ı n ΩË * <.+ ƒ.. M b«e Ú z M  E Ú l EÚ EÚÆ i Ω B =x E Ú u Æ S x Ët M EÚ E Ú M EÚ EÚÆ x i ΩË * Ú± {, Ω { Æ h ± EÚ i V + ËÆ V n ={ M x i ΩË + ËÆ + v EÚ fδ M EÚ «EÚÆ x  b«eú I x i ΩË * +) <.+ ƒ.. M E Ú J EÚ «EÚ± { (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) S x Ët M EÚ E Ú EÚ Æ M Æ M E Ú ± B b«e Ú z M  EÚ «±  EÚ ± Ω, M «n «x + ËÆ Ω i n x EÚÆ x * ËV n +x M Â, ÀV M ± x, <x] ıæ x ]ı i l <]ı E Ú Æ J -Æ J E Ú ± B Ω ±{ b EÚ xv x Ω b«æ, }]ı Æ, b ]ı, x ]ı ÕEÚM + ËÆ ={ EÚÆ h V Ë. Ë. Δ v x  E Ú W Æ B ΔM `ˆx EÚ ΔS ± x i EÚx EÚ ={ V «x, BEÚ EÚÆ h EÚ «x x E Ú ± B ={  EÚ { x S x Ët M EÚ + ΔÆ S x EÚ =z x (vi). Ë. ={ EÚÆ h  }]ı Æ E Ú S EÚ «E Ú ± B ]ı GÚ +  EÚ x { h EÚ «x x (vii) + ΔEÚb GÚ h (viii) x B ]ı EÚ + EÚi ( ËV n ]ı EÚ Δ v x ) EÚ { i EÚÆ x i l Ci +  E Ú +x Æ v EÚ { Ãi EÚÆ x (ix) S x h ±  BŒ{± E Ú x }]ı Æ EÚ b W <x, EÚ, ± J x, { Æ I h, EÚ «x x + ËÆ Æ J Æ J (x) b«eú <]ı  Indianspices.com, spicesboard.in, indianspices.org.in, worldspicecongress.com, spicesboard.org EÚ Æ J -Æ J + ËÆ <xωâ +ti x x x (xi) EΔÚ{ ]ıæ I h EÚ «GÚ EÚ { x + ËÆ + V x + ) EÚ + v E Ú n ËÆ x {i ={ ± Œ v ƒ EÚ) Ãπ EÚ Δ{ k Æh Δv x h ± { < b«e Ú EÚ «S Æ Â EÚ Δ{ k Æh E Ú Δv x EÚ BEÚ Ï}] Æ ± x ΩË* EÚ «S Æ < h ± E Ú W ÆB +{ x Ãπ EÚ Δ{ k Æh + Ïx ± <x i i EÚÆ EÚi ΩÈ* B b x ] ]Æ ± M x EÚ <x i i  EÚ n J x EÚ v ΩË* J ) { ^b, E ÚƱ + ËÆ bx EÚz Æ, i ± x b EÚ <-x ± h ±  75 Ω M ={ HÚ +  EÚ ± EÚÆx ± EÚ v Æ ± M * 48

51 13. S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x 2005 EÚ EÚ «x x S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x 2005 (2005 EÚ 22) Δ n u Æ + v x i EÚ M l + ËÆ Æ π] { i EÚ EfiÚ i 15 V x 2005 EÚ {i Ω <«l * + v x EÚ =q, i EÚ «V x EÚ v EÚÆh E Ú EÚ EÚ V  { Ænà i + ËÆ V n Ω EÚ g n x E Ú GÚ Â, «V x EÚ v EÚÆ h  E Ú x Δj h E Ú +v x EÚ V x EÚ Æ Æ I i { {i EÚÆx Ω i x M ÆEÚ Â EÚ S x E Ú + v EÚ Æ EÚ BEÚ Ω ÆEÚ x l l { i EÚÆx ΩË* + v x EÚ v Æ 8 E Ú +v x + v S i E ÚU S x +  EÚ U beúæ S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x E Ú v x  E Ú +v x x M ÆEÚ b«eú V x EÚ Æ {i EÚÆ EÚi ΩÈ * x M ÆEÚ x v «Æi ±EÚ E Ú M i x { Æ b«e Ú Æ Â S x {i EÚÆ EÚi ΩÈ* b«x S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x 2005 EÚ EÚ ÆM Æ fδm EÚ «Œx i EÚ ΩË + ËÆ < Δ Δv  ÆEÚ Æ E Ú x nê  EÚ +x { ± x EÚ ΩË* b«x EÂÚp «V x EÚ S x + v EÚ Æ Â + ËÆ «V x EÚ S x + v EÚ Æ Â u Æ S x E Ú Æh E Ú V x Ω i ={ x n EÚ (± J -{ Æ I i E«Úi ) EÚ V EÚ EÂÚp «V x EÚ S x + v EÚ Æ E Ú {  { nx i EÚ ΩË* b«x i EÂÚp «V x EÚ S x + v EÚ Æ Â ( { + <«+ ) EÚ J ±  S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x 2005 E Ú +v x S x E Ú Æh Ω i { nx i EÚ ΩË + ËÆ S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x 2005 EÚ v Æ 5(2) E Ú +v x b«e Ú I j x ]   21 EÂÚp Ω EÚ «V x EÚ S x + v EÚ Æ Â ( B { + <«+ ) EÚ { nx i EÚ ΩË* S, { < b«eú S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x 2005 E Ú GÚ EÚ] EÚÆh M «Æ J +  EÚ +x { ± x x Œ S i EÚÆx E Ú ± B x b± + v EÚ Æ B Δ S x EÚ + v EÚ Æ + v x EÚ v Æ 19(1) E Ú i Ωi +{ ± EÚ x <«E Ú ± B b«e Ú +{ ± + v EÚ Æ E Ú {  { nx i EÚ M ΩË* ={ x n EÚ (<.+ Δ..) EÚ + Æ ] + <«+ v x EÚ v Æ 4 E Ú i Ωi v i +  E Ú EÚ «x x E Ú + v n «x E Ú ± B b«e Ú "{ Ænà i + v EÚ Æ ' E Ú {  { nx i EÚ M ΩË* b«x ΩÆ S x, V EÚ] EÚÆx +{ I i ΩË, +{ x + { EÚ]ı EÚ ΩË, V + Æ ] + <«+ v x 2005 EÚ v Æ 4(1) E Ú i Ωi ΩË, b«eú <] E Ú W ÆB ± M  EÚ { x <«ΩË* π « E Ú n ËÆ x, + Æ ] + <«E Ú +v x E Ú± 98 + nx + Ïx ± <x { ]«ı± + ËÆ Ú V EÚ±, n x  E Ú V Æ B + ËÆ i +{ ± {i Ω B + ËÆ x Ãnπ] E Ú +Δi M «i ±  { Æ +{ I i S x n x EÚ M <«* < + v E Ú n ËÆ x n + <«x <«+ V i Ω <«* + Æ ] + <«Æ V ] x ±EÚ E Ú {  ` ËÆ + i ÆHÚ ±EÚ E Ú {  ` 40 {i Ω B* i Ω + Æ ] + <«Æh ({ Ω± i Ω S Ël i Ω i EÚ E Ú ± B) EÂÚp S x + M EÚ <]ı  { Æ +ti x x <«M <«* 49

52 b«e Ú n  EÚ S ( b«e Ú E ÚUÙ n  EÚ { n v ÚÆ Æ 2017 i EÚ {i Ω M <«l ) Æ i Æ EÚ Æ EÚ + v Æ h Æ V { j M II J hc 3 - ={ J hb (ii) Δ. 269 x <«n ±±, ΔM ± Æ, 4 ÚÆ Æ, 2014, P 15, x Δv -1 GÚ x { i { n ] ± Ú x / <± / ËÚC /<- <± { n EÚ + v Δ. 1. b Ï. B. V i ± EÚ + <«B B +v I Ú x : v I, { < b«: { ± Æ ^, EÚ SS ËÚC : E ÚƱ <- <± : chairman@indianspices.com 2. B. i ΔEÚ ± n Ú x : /02/2017 Δ n (Æ V ) : , h «V Δi nx b Ï..b. M «x <«n±± B. i ΔEÚ ± Ú x : Δ n (Æ V ) : /6, M Δv x M Æ <«] Ú l «] ], EÚ± M ± Ë Æ b <- <± : thangavelubscmp@gmail.com ΔEÚÆx EÚ ± info@thonustraining.com i Ø x ± ± V ±, i ± x b 3..B. t Æ{{ n Ú x : , /10/2017 Δ n : EÚ «± : B + Ï Ú EÚ Ï {± C <- <± : bsy@yeddyurappa.in ± Æ V +Æ Æ b, M V ± ms @gmail.com EÚx «]EÚ, { x : 381, "n ± M Æ ' C l GÚ Ï Æ b, 80 Ú ] Æ b + Æ B EÂÚb ] V ΔM ± Ø i { À Ω, n Ú x : /10/2017 Δ n (± EÚ ), Ë Ø : V ± nã x, b -2 EÚ ^ V <- <± : mpmysoresimha@gmail.com Ωx Æ <x Æ b Ë Ø , EÚx «]EÚ 50

53 5. x n EÚ/={ S n 03/02/2017 x «i Δ v «x EÚ Æ (EfiÚ π M ), M x / h V M h V B Δ =t M Δj ± x <«n±± Δ HÚ S B Δ x x n EÚ n ] ı± ËÚC : ; /02/2017 (Bx BS B ), EfiÚ π B Δ ΩEÚ Æi Δj ±, EfiÚ π M EfiÚ π x, x <«n±± x n EÚ/={ S n 03/02/2017 k M EÚ Æ h V B Δ =t M Δj ± h V M, x <«n±± 8. b Ï. V V EÚ n Ú x : /210 03/02/2017 x n EÚ : «À l <] <Δb ] W ±. ËÚC : EÚc Æ{{, EÚ ± ΔS Æ <- <± : viju@synthite.com BÆh E Ú±, E ÚƱ { x EÚÆ Ω n Ú x : / /02/2017 Δv x n EÚ. : «V <Δ]Æx x ±. ±. <- <± : jabs@jabsinternational.com B-350, ] ] <Δb ] ± B Æ B + <«b Ω { x Δ <« Ω Æ π] V i i n Ú x : /02/2017 «B ] E Ú-EÚ Ã EÚ <- <± : mail@avtspice.com <ΔO b x. ±. S xx <«11. Æ Ci - EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú i x v n 12. E Ú Æ± ± B. i Ω ± x n Ú x : /02/2017 { ]«ıx Æ, «B x Úb <Δb ] W. : Bx.BS. x Δ. 8, B EÚ Ï]«] C] «E Ú <- <± : asianfoods2002@yahoo.com x, n x, x n n J c M V Æ i, { x

54 13. b..+ Æ. Æ V Ωx n Ú x : /02/2017 «+ <«] ± ] b. : , " ÆV x Ω = ' <- <± : rajesh.paddar@itc.co.in EÚ ± EÚ i { Œ S ΔM ± 14. Æ Ci - EfiÚπ EÚ Â E Ú i x v n 15. V V V ÏV «n Ú x : /02/2017 { ^ E Ú± B ] ]. : E Ú ^CEÚ± ({.+.) ËÚC : EÚ ^, E ÚƱ, { x <- <± : jojogeorge@kcpmc.com 16. +ΔV ]. V n. : /02/2017 EÚ «{ ± EÚ x n EÚ <- <± : mail@masindia.com BΔ]Æ < hbx ^, <b CEÚ V ± E ÚƱ, { x E Ú. V =n n x +Ω n n. : /02/2017 Δ HÚ Δv x n EÚ <- <± : ziauddinahamed@yahoo.com «E Ú { B ± ] b bx EÚxx Æ, i x i ± x b i + x i EÚ Æ h Æ n Ú x : /02/2017 (+v I, B + Æ B <Δ]ıÆ x x ±,. : E ÚÆ ± ) <- <± : anitakarnavar@gmail.com 76, B± V B Ú, ±b«] ıb Â]ıÆ Æ ± <x, Æ J Δ Æ b x <«n ±± i V ± I n Ú x : /63/64 03/02/2017 x n EÚ <- <± : info@phaladaagro.com Ú± n BO Æ S «Ú =Δb x < ] ± ] b 92/5, EÚxx ± M ƒ, M Ω±± GÚ Ï, M n <x Æ b ΔM ± Ø J Δj E Ú π EÚ «v EÚ Æ n Ú x : (EÚ «.) 03/02/2017 J Δj EÚ S ± (EÚ «.) <«] x M Æ, +Ø h S ± n <- <± : hotmail@rediffmail.com { x : hatobinmai5@gmail.com 52

55 21. b Ï. i ± EÚ± ÆCEÚ± n <- <± : drmathew.sk@gmail.com 03/02/2017 EÚ± ÆCEÚ± B ] ], { ± x ± <b CEÚ V ±, E ÚƱ { x Æ ± M { ± EfiÚπh n Ú x : /02/2017 x CEÚ±± ({.+.). : i ±± Ø hb± <- <± : gopalakrishnaravela@gmail.com M Δ] Æ V ± + Δw n, { x <«.B. +M i n. : /02/2017 i { «v EÚ <- <± : padidcb@gmail.com <b x E Úxx ± i Æ Æ ({.+.), EÚ^{{ x <b CEÚ V ±, E ÚƱ { x B. x Æ V n. : /02/2017 S CEÚi M ƒ { ] <- <± : bmmunirajuchikkati@gmail.com Ω ±, M hb ± { ] i ± EÚ S Æ V x M Æ, EÚx «]EÚ { x v x S ( M x ) n 03/02/2017 =ii Æ n ÆEÚ Æ Ω EÚhb x.{. ± S ± ± J x >apple v x S ( M x ) n <- <± : apcprlsecy1@gmail.com 03/02/ Δw n ÆEÚ Æ EÚ Æ x Δ. 262 B, b - ± ÏEÚ { Ω± i ±, S ± ΩËnÆ n S ( M x ) n 03/02/2017 CEÚ ÆEÚ Æ EfiÚ π x, i n ÂM M xi EÚ

56 28. x n EÚ (+ <«<«) n Ú x : /02/2017 x i + M : V x x, x <«n ±± : ËÚC : x n EÚ, Æi { ËE ÚÀV M Δ l x n Ú x : / 9469/ /02/2017 (+ <«+ <«{ ), <« , B + <«b B Æ , {.. x Δ ËÚC : Δv Æ (<«]), Δ <« <- <± : director-iip@iip-in.com 30. x n EÚ n Ú x : /02/2017 EÂÚp J t Ët M EÚ +x Δv x ËÚC : Δ l x ( B Ú ] + Æ + <«) <- <± : director@cftri.com Ë Ø director@cftri.res.in 31. x n EÚ n Ú x : /02/2017 Æi ± Ú ± +x Δv x ËÚC : Δ l x (+ <«+ <«B + Æ) <- <± : director@spices.res.in. {.. x Δ sali@spices.res.in. ÆCE Úxx {.+. EÚ π CEÚ b , E ÚƱ 32. Æ Ci - EÚ Ω i E Ú i x v n 54

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65 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT SPICES BOARD Ministry of Commerce & Industry Government of India Sugandha Bhavan P B No: 2277 Cochin Tel : , mail@indianspices.com Website : 1

66 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Compiled and Edited by 1. Shri Ramalingam Assistant Director 2. Shri. Prathyush T. P. Assistant Director 3. Dr. G. Usharani Assistant Director (OL) Technical Support 1. Smt M. N. Geetha Personal Assistant 2. Shri N. Anilkumar Senior Hindi Translator 3. Smt. Bhawna Jeswani Editor 4. Shri R. Jayachandran EDP Assistant 2

67 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Contents Executive Summary : Constitution and Functions : Administration : Finance and Accounts : Export Oriented Production : Export Development and Promotion : Trade Information Service : Publicity and Promotion : Codex Cell and Interventions : e-spice Bazaar : Quality Improvement : Export Oriented Research : Information Technology & Electronic Data Processing : Implementation of Right to Information Act 2005 : 54 Annexure-1- List of Board Members as on :

68 4 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT

69 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Executive Summary During , Indian spices exports have continued to show an increasing trend in of 9,47,790 tonnes of spices and spice products valued ` crore (US$ Million) have been exported from the country as against 8,43,255 tonnes valued ` crore (US$ Million) in registering a record increase of 12 per cent in volume, 9 per cent in rupee terms and 6 per cent in dollar terms of value. As compared to the total export target of export of spices has exceeded the target in terms of both volume and value. Compared to the target of 8,70,000 tonnes valued ` crore (US$ million) for is 109 per cent in terms of volume and 112 per cent in rupee and 109 per cent dollar terms of value. During , the export of Cardamom (Large), Chilli, Turmeric, Cumin, Celery, Fennel, Garlic and Nutmeg and Mace have shown an increase both in volume and value as compared to previous year. The export of value added products like Curry Powder/ Paste and Spice Oils and Oleoresins had also shown increase both in volume and value as compared to The implementation of XII plan scheme of the Board viz., Export Oriented Production, Export Development and Promotion of Spices with sub components, export oriented production and post-harvest improvement of spices, export development and promotion, export oriented research, quality improvement and human resource development and works was continued outlay of ` crore for implementing the above scheme during , the achievement was ` crore. Under the export oriented production, payment of second instalment for the replanted area of hectares of small cardamom and hectares replanting/ new planting of large cardamom done during was arranged during Programmes such as providing assistance for irrigation and land development, rainwater harvesting devices, improved curing devices, etc., were implemented for cardamom. In the North Eastern region, assistance was given for cultivation of cardamom (large), ginger and Lakadong turmeric. Under export development and promotion of spices, programmes for adoption of hi-tech and upgradation of existing facilities in spice processing, setting up/upgradation of in - house quality control lab, sending business samples abroad, setting up common infrastructure facilities for cleaning, grading, processing, packing, warehousing, etc., participation in international fairs/ exhibitions and meetings were implemented during The Spices Board has established crop market centers to empower the stakeholders of the spice industry, especially the farming community, by providing the common infrastructure and processing facilities. The Board has completed the establishment of Spices Park at Chhindwara and Guna in Madhya Pradesh; Puttady in Kerala; Pradesh and Sivaganga in Tamil Nadu. Bareli in Uttar Pradesh are completed. The Quality Evaluation Laboratories of the Board at Cochin, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Guntur, Tuticorin and Kandla have continued the analytical services and the 5

70 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT export consignments of selected spices during the year. Establishment of Quality Evaluation Lab at Kolkata is in progress. All the Regional Quality Evaluation Laboratories of the Board are established under the ASIDE scheme. During , the Quality Evaluation Laboratories analysed 1,06,811 samples for various parameters including extraneous matters, salmonella etc., in chilli & chilli products, curry powder, masalas, pickles, turmeric powder and cumin. Under ASIDE scheme, the Board has established a new Quality Evaluation Laboratory at Mumbai and established the centres of excellence in microbiological analysis at all the laboratories of the Board. The Indian Cardamom Research Institute of the Board is undertaking research programmes on varietal improvement, biotechnological interventions, integrated nutrient, pest and disease management and transfer of technology with respect to cardamoms (small and large). Extension activities undertaken are advisory services on Integrated Pest Management, soil test based fertilizer recommendations, spice clinics, training on spices production technology and bio-agents production and supply. The third session of Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs (CCSCH) was held during 6-10 February 2017 at Chennai. The Secretary, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, inaugurated the session. in HO extended assistance to implement effectively during the year It is the nodal point to monitor implementation concurrence and approval of Language Implementation Committee of formulates and carries out various promotional programmes in line with the Annual Programme as well as other instructions and orders issued by the Dept. from time to time. The Board has effectively implemented the RTI Act, 2005 and complied with all the directions of the Government in this regard. As per the RTI Act 2005, the Board has designated Deputy Director (Vigilance & Audit) as the Co-ordinating Central Public the dissemination of information and seven Central in various departments of the Board. The Board has also designated 21 Central 5(2) of the Right to Information Act, The Secretary, Spices Board is nominated with the proactive disclosure guidelines of the RTI Act, 2005 and Appellate Authority (AA) of the Board. During , a total of 98 applications were received both physically and through the online portal of the Government under the RTI Act. The information with respect to all the cases was disseminated within the stipulated time. 6

71 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT CONSTITUTION AND FUNCTIONS 1. Constitution of Spices Board The Spices Board Act 1986, (No.10 of 1986) enacted by Parliament provides for the constitution of a Board for the development of export of spices and for the control of cardamom industry including control of cultivation of cardamom and matters connected therewith. The Central gazette constituted the Spices Board, which came into being on The Spices Board consists of: (a) Chairman; (b) Three members of Parliament of whom two shall be from among elected by the House of the People and one from among those elected by the Council of States; (c) Three members to represent the Ministries of the Central Government dealing with: (i) Commerce; (ii) Agriculture; and (iii) Finance; (d) Seven members to represent the growers of spices; (e) Ten members to represent the exporters of spices; spice producing states; (g) Four members one each to represent: (i) The Planning Commission (Now NITI Aayog) (ii) The Indian Institute of Packaging, Mumbai (iii) The Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru; (iv) Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode; (h) One member to represent spices labour interests Functions of the Board The Spices Board Act, 1986, has assigned the following functions to the Spices Board. The Board may: (i) Develop, promote and regulate export of spices; for promotion of export of spices; (iv) Assist and encourage studies and research, for improvement of processing, quality techniques of grading and packaging of spices; (v) Strive towards stabilization of prices of spices for export; (vi) Evolve suitable quality standards through Quality marking of spices for export; (vii) Control quality of spices for export; (viii) and conditions as may be prescribed, to the manucaturers of spices for export; (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) Market any spice, if it considers necessary in the interest of promotion of export; Provide warehousing facilities abroad for spices; Collect statistics with regard to spices for compilation and publication; Import with prior approval of the Central Government any spice for sale; and (xiii) Advise the Central Government on matters relating to import and export of spices 7

72 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT The Board may also (i) Promote co-operative effort among growers of cardamom; (ii) Ensure remunerative returns to growers of cardamom; for improved methods of cultivation and processing of cardamom, for replanting cardamom and for extension of cardamom growing areas; (iv) Regulate the sale of cardamom and stabilization of the prices of cardamom; (v) Provide training in cardamom testing (vi) Increase the consumption of cardamom and carry on propaganda for that purpose; (vii) Register and license brokers (including auctioneers) of cardamom and persons engaged in the business of cardamom, (viii) Improve the marketing of cardamom; (ix) Collect statistics from growers, dealers and such other persons as may be prescribed on any matter relating to the cardamom industry, publish statistics so collected or portions thereof, extracts there from; (x) Secure better working conditions and the provision and improvement of amenities and incentives for workers; and (xi) technological and economic research. The Board has three statutory committees as under: (i) Executive Committee (ii) Research & Development Committee for Cardamom (iii) Market Development Committee for Spices Spices under the purview of the Board The following 52 spices are listed in the Schedule of Spices Board Act: 1 Cardamom 19 Kokkam 37 Juniper berry 2 Pepper 20 Mint 38 Bayleaf 3 Chilli 21 Mustard 39 Lovage 4 Ginger 22 Parsley 40 5 Turmeric 23 Pomegranateseed 41 Nutmeg 6 Coriander 24 Saffron 42 Mace 7 Cumin 25 Vanilla 43 Basil 8 Fennel Poppy seed 9 Fenugreek 27 Pepper long 45 All-Spice 10 Celery 28 Star anise 46 Rosemary 11 Aniseed Sage 12 Bishops weed 30 Greater Galanga 48 Savory 13 Caraway 31 Horse-radish 49 Thyme 14 Dill 32 Caper 50 Oregano 15 Cinnamon 33 Clove 51 Tarragon 16 Cassia 34 Asafoetida 52 Tamarind 17 Garlic 35 Cambodge 18 Curry leaf 36 Hyssop [In any form including curry powders, spice oils, oleoresins and other mixtures where spice content is predominant] 8

73 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT ADMINISTRATION A. Administration Dr. A. Jayathilak IAS, continued as Chairman during the period under report. Shri S Kannan, continued as Director (Marketing & Establishment) upto and also functioned as Secretary upto Shri S. Siddaramappa continued in the post of Director (Development) upto and functioned as Secretary w.e.f and also held the additional charge of Director (Finance) from Shri P. M. Sureshkumar, Secretary functioned as Director (Marketing) w.e.f Dr. Y. S. Rao, Scientist - D held the charge of Director (Research) upto the post of Director(Research) on and also held the additional charge of Director (Development) w.e.f Shri. K. C. Babu CA continued in the post of Director (Finance) upto , the date of his superannuation. As on 31st March 2017, the staff strength of Spices Board was 449 consisting of 93 Group A, 147 Group B, and 209 Group C Employees. Reservation for SC/ST/OBC in appointments and promotions The Board is properly implementing the postbased reservation roster for SC/ST/OBC. The instructions issued by the Government from time to time in this regard are also being strictly adhered to. As on 31st March 2017, there were 245 employees belonging to SC/ST and OBC categories. During the year , Board has granted promotion to OBC during the year under report. Welfare of Women As on 31st March 2017, the total strength of women employees in the Board in Group A, B and C categories were 131. The grievances of women employees are timely of the Board has been appointed as Women problems, if any, or to bring them to the notice of the higher authorities along with suggestions for possible solutions. SC/ST/OBC Welfare The Board had constituted SC/ST & OBC Committees for looking after the welfare of the employees and to sort out their problems. The reservation matters relating to SC/ST/OBC. Welfare of Persons with Disabilities The Board had nominated a Liaison Persons with Disabilities. During the period under report, Board has appointed seven candidates under persons with disabilities under Group B (OH), one post of Senior Microbiologist under Group C (OH), three posts of Senior Clerks under Group C ( HH- 1), (VH-1) and (OH-1) and two Junior Clerks under Group C (HH -1 & OBC-VH-1). The Board is maintaining reservation roster for persons with disabilities. Internal Audit Institute of Public Auditors of India (IPAI) continued as Internal Auditors of the Board during the period under report. Meetings of the Board During the period under report, three Board meetings were convened as given below: 9

74 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT (i) at New Delhi (ii) at Visakhapatnam (iii) at Sakleshpur (The list of members of Spices Board during the year is at Annex-I) the Board functioned during : (i) Marketing at Mumbai, Chennai, Tuticorin, Bodinayakanur, Guntur, New Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Kolkata, Gangtok, Spice Parks: The Board has established Spice Parks in Chhindwara, Puttady, Sivaganga, Guntur, Jodhpur and Guna. Rai Bareli are completed. (ii) Development at Bodinayakanur, Erode, Sakleshpur, Barabanki, Mumbai, Srinagar, Gangtok, Guwahati and Jodhpur. Divisional Offices are functioning at Chikmagalur, Madikeri, Shimoga, Agartala, Aizawl, Itanagar, Tinsukia, Jorethang, Kalimpong, Mangan and Tadong. the spice growing states including North Eastern Region. Five departmental nurseries are functioning in the state of Karnataka. (iii) Research The Indian Cardamom Research Institute (ICRI) at Myladumpara (Kerala) and the Regional Research Stations in Sakleshpur (Karnataka), Thadiayankudisai (Tamil Nadu) and Tadong (Sikkim) continued its functioning. Plantation Labour Welfare could not continue the Plantation Welfare B. guage policy the above head were the following: (i) Translation Letters received in Hindi and replies thereof Visiting cards, rubber stamps for the retiring from the service of the Board Materials [banner, backdrop, invitation card, programme sheets, etc.] for various Documents coming under section 3(3) of OL Act, like General Orders [Circulars], Tender Documents, Advertisements, Press Releases, Material for Hindi magazine Spice India Development schemes of the Board Annual Report & Audit Report of the Board questionnaire and other materials for various committees of Parliament visited/ inspected the Board Material for the proposed book on large cardamom Revised Large cardamom Guide 10

75 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT (ii) Implementation of OL policy (a) Arranging OLIC meetings Four meetings, one in each quarter were conducted on (April-June 2016), (July-September 2016), (October-December 2016) & (January-March 2017). Chairman presided over these meetings. The meeting held on was a special one convened in connection with the visit of Dr. Bipin Behari IFS, Joint Secretary, Dept of OL, MoHA, Govt of India. The Asst. Director (Impl.), RIO, Dept of OL, MoHA, Govt of India, Kochi also attended the meeting. (b) Hindi workshops Two Hindi workshops were arranged in HO for the staff members, on 24 June, 2016 and December, 2016 respectively and 40 staff members were imparted Hindi training. A one-day Regional Hindi workshop was organized at Guwahati on 23 rd September 2016, for the staff members of the Board working in North Eastern states. Director (Development) inaugurated the workshop Brahmaputra Board, Guwahati conducted the workshop. A total of 23 staff members participated in the workshop. Nominated two staff members from HO for in-service Hindi word processing and typing training in computer under the Hindi Teaching Scheme, Kakkanad, Kochi. Both have successfully completed the training programme. (d) Purchase of Hindi books, Dictionaries/ subscription for Hindi Newspaper/ Magazines Necessary arrangements were made with al Prakashan, M/s Lokbharati Prakashan and M/s Kitabghar Prakashan to purchase simple and useful Hindi books of short stories, poems, plays, novels etc. for the Library in HO which accounts 50 per cent of the expenditure for purchase of books for the library. The subscription for Hindi Newspaper Daily Hindi Milap and Hindi magazines namely Sarita and Vanita was continued. (e) OL Seminars/Conferences/Training programmes in October for a Five Day Basic Hindi Training in computer organized by the Hindi Teaching Scheme, Kakkanad, Kochi during February, (f) Hindi Day/Fortnight Celebrations 2016 Board observed Hindi Day on 15 th September, Ernakulam inaugurated the Hindi Fortnight Celebrations in HO on 19 th September, Various Hindi competitions for staff members were conducted necessary various programmes in connection with Hindi Fortnight Celebrations 2016 was extended. Board arranged Valedictory function of the HFC 2016 in HO on 17 th January, The Chairman, Spices Board presided over the for the prize winners of the special programmes (All Kerala Hindi poetry recitation and Hindi patriotic song competitions) conducted for school children, winners of various Hindi competitions conducted for the staff members of the Board HO in connection with HFC 2016, commendable work done by the sections, Trophy for notable work done by 11

76 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT for successfully completing in-service Hindi children of staff members for securing A+ the year 2016, etc., were given away by the Chairman during the function. Special Programmes Board conducted All Kerala Hindi Poetry Recitation competition on 4 th October, 2016 and All Kerala Hindi Patriotic Song competition on 5 th October, 2016 in Spices Board HO for the High School/Higher Secondary School students from the CBSE/State Board/ICSE, as special programmes in connection with the Hindi Fortnight Celebrations (h) Participation in the programmes arranged by Kochi TOLIC Board arranged share contribution to Kochi TOLIC to meet the expenditure in connection with the Joint OL Celebrations Board made necessary arrangements to in the Hindi competitions conducted by Kochi TOLIC in connection with Joint OL Celebrations Director (Marketing) attended the TOLIC meeting held on 18 th January, Assistant Director (OL) attended the meeting of Hindi staff arranged by the Kochi TOLIC on 8 th March (i) Visit & Inspection by the RIO (SW), Kochi The Assistant Director (Impl.), Regional Govt of India, Kochi visited Board s Head rd March, 2017 and inspected the activities of the Board with respect to implementation of OL policy. Necessary steps have been taken to ward off the shortcomings found out during inspection and a detailed report has been forwarded to RIO, Kochi for their information and necessary action. (j) word processing/typing training Board nominated two staff members for the in-service Hindi word processing and typing training in computer during session under the Hindi Teaching Scheme, Kochi. (k) Other Programmes Board co-ordinated the Linguistic Harmony Day Celebrations on 21 st November, in HO as part of Qaumi Ekta Week 2016; Arranged a speech on the Role of language in National Integration. (l) Achievements/Awards Rajabhasha Trophy from the Dept of Commerce: trophy (Third Prize) instituted by the Dept. of Commerce, Govt. of India for the commendable work done by the subordinate year Chairman received the trophy from the Secretary, Dept of Commerce. C. Library and Documentation Service The Board s Library has a good collection of books and periodicals with computerized bibliographic data base. The process of strengthening the library and Information Centre has been continues by new additions of books and periodicals. During , hybrid library and shifted to the 2 nd with a reading room and books area. A total of 637 new books have been added and HO the subscription of about 140 periodicals has been continued. Board has arranged a good collection of Children s Literature like Wimpy Kid Series, Goosebumps etc., and a good scholarly collection of Graphical Guides and A Very Short Introduction series. Library continued the regular services like circulation of the library documents and periodicals, document delivery services, 12

77 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT current awareness services, reprographic services, CD-ROM search and newspaper clipping service on spices and condiments. In addition, Board has arranged about 10 computer systems for providing internet facilities, E-paper reading and for accessing including guidelines were provided to research scholars from various universities. Board extended its services to school students and Board s retired staff. The library has been upgraded by installing Koha Library Management Software with bar code scanner facility and Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) facility for easy access of library documents. 13

78 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS through grants and subsidies from the Government of India. Non-plan expenditure on Administration is met through budgetary support by Government and Internal & Extra Budgetary Resources (IEBR) generated from various activities of the Board. The budget approved for the Board during was ` lakhs under Plan and ` lakhs under Non-plan. An amount of ` lakhs against grants, ` lakhs against subsidies, ` lakhs towards provision for North Eastern Region, ` lakhs towards provision for SC sub- plan under Plan and ` lakhs under Non-plan have been received by the Board from the Government of India during The Board generated IEBR of ` lakhs from analytical charges for quality testing services rendered by the Quality Evaluation Laboratories, sale of seedlings from nurseries, farm products of research farms, subscription and advertisement charges, exporters registration fee, refund of advances to employees, interest on advance, interest on short term deposit, etc., in The total expenditure of the Board under Plan and Non-plan during was ` lakhs, the break-up of which is given below: Head of Account Budget Grants (` Lakhs) Expenditure (` Lakhs) Plan Export Oriented Production Export Development & Promotion Export Oriented Research Quality Improvement HRD & Works Total (Plan) The Board has also been implementing with grants received from other Government Departments and National Agencies such as, ICAR, ASIDE, MIDH and others. The and expenditure incurred during are given below: Programmes Grants (` Lakhs) Expenditure (` Lakhs) MIDH ASIDE RKVY - Andhra Pradesh

79 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT ICAR - AICRPS Areawide IPM black pepper Centre of Excellence in Micro Biology WTO STDF Quality Standard in Medicinal Plants MEA Myanmar Large Cardamom Total

80 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT EXPORT ORIENTED PRODUCTION The Spices Board is responsible for the overall development of cardamom (small & large) in terms of improving production, productivity and quality. The Board is also implementing post- harvest improvement programmes for production of quality spices for export. The various development programmes and post-harvest quality improvement programmes of the Board are included under the Head Export Oriented Production. The development programmes are implemented through the extension growing areas in Karnataka to cater to the requirements of quality planting materials of cardamom growers. Spices Board has established the following 10 Spice Development Agencies (SDA) to promote development and marketing of spices. (i) Guwahati SDA (ii) Gangtok SDA (iii) Uttar Pradesh SDA (iv) Guna SDA (v) (vi) Jodhpur SDA (vii) Mumbai SDA (viii) Guntur SDA (ix) Haveri SDA (x) Erode SDA The Chief Secretary of the concerned state is the Chairperson of SDA with 17 members representing spice growers, exporters, traders, State Horticulture/Agriculture Dept, State Agriculture University, Jt DGFT, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Board will be the Member Secretary of the SDA. The SDAs have conducted meetings and actions are being taken as per the decisions in SDA. Board will establish SDA at Warangal in Telangana state shortly. Spices Board has established Saffron Production & Export Development Agency (SPEDA) at Srinagar for promoting development, marketing, quality, export and domestic consumption of saffron in Jammu & Kashmir. The SPEDA will be Cochaired by the Secretary, Dept Commerce, Ministry of Commerce & Industry and Chief Secretary, Govt of Jammu & Kashmir. Export Oriented Production of Spices The various programmes implemented under the scheme export oriented production of spices during the year are detailed below: A. Cardamom (Small) Small cardamom is grown mainly in the Western Ghats of Kerala, Karnataka, and holdings are small and marginal. The total area under small cardamom during was 52,820 hectares with and estimated production of 19,625 metric tonnes. The programmes implemented for the development of small cardamom are given below: (i) Replanting address the issue of old, senile and uneconomic plantations of small cardamom in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. This programme is intended to encourage small and marginal growers to take up replantation of the old, senile and uneconomic plantations by providing re 16

81 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT offered a subsidy of ` 70,000 per ha. in Kerala & Tamil Nadu and ` 50,000 per ha in Karnataka payable in two equal annual installments towards per cent of the cost of replanting and maintenance during gestation period. Registered small and marginal cardamom growers owning up to scheme. During , residual payments for replanting done during covering an area of ha amounting to Rs growers (Female: 630; SC: 39; ST:3). (ii) Production and distribution of quality planting materials Production and distribution of disease free, healthy and quality planting materials were taken up by Departmental Nursery cum departmental nursery cum farms were basis. During , a total of 3,55,750 numbers of cardamom planting materials, 3,39,000 number of pepper cuttings and 24,725 number of pepper nucleus planting materials were produced and distributed Karnataka. A total of seven lakhs cardamom planting A total of ` lakhs was paid as subsidy to 122 growers (Female: 5; SC: 5). B. Development programmes for North East (i) Cardamom (Large) Large cardamom is mainly grown in the sub-himalayan tracts of Sikkim, Arunachal of West Bengal. The total area under large of West Bengal during was 26,787 ha with an estimated production of 5,623 tonnes. The total large cardamom area under Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland as per the estimate received from the respective State Government for the year was 12,268 ha with the production of 3,700 tonnes. Non availability of quality planting materials, presence of senile, old and uneconomic plants and incidence of blight large cardamom production. Keeping this in view, the Board is implementing the following programmes for production of large cardamom: a) Large cardamom Replanting During , residual payments for replanting done during covering an area of ha amounting to ` growers (Female: 501; SC:33; ST: 1706). b) Large cardamom planting material production During , the payments for large cardamom planting material produced during amounting to `45.06 lakhs (Female: 191; SC: 21; ST: 146). c) Large Cardamom New planting Large cardamom is traditionally cultivated Bengal. The agro-climatic conditions prevailing in other Norht Eastern states, particularly in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, are suitable for cultivation of large cardamom. There is scope for expanding area under large cardamom in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. This scheme envisages area expansion of large cardamom in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland by providing ` 28,000 per ha as subsidy towards per cent cost of planting and maintenance during gestation 17

82 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT period. The subsidy is paid in two equal installments. During , residual payments for New planting done during covering an area of ha amounting to ` growers (Female: 480; ST: 1643). C. Post harvest improvement of spices (i) Seed spice Threshers The harvesting and post harvest practices followed by seed spice growers are unhygienic which result in contamination of the products with foreign matters like stalks, dirt, sand, stem bits, etc. The seeds are separated by beating the harvested and dried plants with bamboo sticks or rubbing the plants manually by hand or trampling under the feet of the cattle. In order to separate the seeds from the dried plants and to produce clean spices, Board popularizes the use of threshers which are operated manually or by using power. The Board is providing 50 per cent of the maximum of ` 60,000 for a power operated thresher and ` 20,000 for a manually operated thresher. During , a total of 28 power operated threshers were installed in the ` (ii) Supply of turmeric steam boiling units The programme is intended to assist the turmeric growers to adopt improved boiling units. This ensures optimum cooking of turmeric, which provides better colour use of large scale turmeric boiling units is popularized among growers for production of quality turmeric suitable for exports. The subsidy provided under this programme is 50 per cent of the actual cost of the boiling unit or `1.50 lakh, whichever is less. During , one turmeric steam boiling of ` (iii) Supply of HDPE/Silpaulin sheets for drying spices In order to dry spices viz. pepper, chilli, turmeric and seed spices under hygienic conditions, the Board supplies the HDPE / Silpaulin sheets at subsidized rates to the small and marginal growers. The Board arranges centralized purchase and supply of sheets at 50 per cent subsidy to tribal farmers and per cent subsidy to other growers. The non-subsidy portion is met by the growers. The programme is implemented in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, During , a total of 7,195 numbers 8 m x 6 m [250 GSM] were distributed to ` (ST: 320). Nutmeg is broken from the outer layer of the seed manually. Few innovative farmers have used machines for decortications of the nutmeg shell for getting quality produce. It is labour saving and hygienic. nutmeg deshelling equipments among the nutmeg farmers to reduce the labour cost as well as to improve the quality of the produce. Individual growers having 0.10 ha (with minimum 20 numbers. of yielding trees) to 8 ha [1600 trees] under nutmeg are eligible to avail the subsidy under the scheme. Farmers groups / SHGs / NGOs / spice producers societies etc., are also proposed to provide 50 per cent of the cost of the equipment or ` 42,500, whichever is less, as subsidy. 18

83 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT During , one unit was set up at a total subsidy of ` grower. (Female: 1) (v) Nutmeg drier Traditionally, nutmeg and mace are dried by sun drying method. As harvesting season of nutmeg coincides with monsoon the nutmeg and mace by sun drying. Due to improper drying, there are chances for development of fungal infection leading to address the quality issue of nutmeg, drying should be done uniformly and hygienically. A few innovative farmers have introduced some nutmeg driers using alternate fuels produce hygienic and good quality nutmeg. There is considerable reduction in drying time. These driers are eco-friendly, labour the scheme is to popularize the mechanical driers among the growers to produce quality nutmeg and mace. The Board has been providing 50 per cent of cost of the ` 30,000 as subsidy. During , a total of seven nutmeg driers were set up at a total subsidy of ` 1.72 (Female: 1) (vi) Saffron Development Programme: Under the scheme for setting up of mini processing units for Saffron, 75 per cent of the cost of machinery and equipment (vacuum tray drier, vacuum packing hydraulic blister cutting punch machine, to the maximum of ` 15 lakhs is offered as subsidy to the farmers groups. During , M/s. Unique Saffron Growers Welfare and Developement Cooperative Marketing Limited at Wayun, Pampore, Jammu & Kashmir had submitted application under this scheme for the installation of vacuum dryer, vacuum packing machine (double chamber), hydraulic blister cutting punch machine, aluminium blister sealing die assorted, separating table, etc. After conducting preliminary inspection, the Board has issued the permit order and the installation is in progress. D. Promotion of organic farming Internationally, the niche market for organic spices is growing at a fast rate. Early entry into this segment will improve the exportability and demand for Indian spices. In addition, availability of organically grown spices will help the country to face the competition from other countries. The farming are non-availability of organic farm of farms and processing units. In order to promote organic production of spices, support for setting up vermi-compost units, promoting organic cultivation of spices were implemented in During , a total of 33 vermicompost total subsidy of ` 0.99 lakh. (i) Organic cultivation of Spices Since the market for organic products is gradually registering an upward trend, there is large scope for promoting organic cultivation of spices in suitable locations. The Board is assisting growers for taking up organic cultivation of spices by providing a subsidy towards per cent cost of ` per ha. During , residual payments have been arranged for organic cultivation of seed spices taken up during in ` lakh 19

84 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT (ii) Support for Vermicompost Units There is need to produce organic inputs in the farm itself to maintain soil fertility in organic production. In order to enable the growers to produce organic farm inputs, particularly vermicompost, ` 3000 is offered as subsidy to growers to set up a unit having a capacity of one ton output of vermicompost. During , a total of 33 vermicompost growers at a total subsidy of ` 0.99 lakh. E. Training programme for quality improvement of spices (QITP) The Board is regularly conducting quality improvement training programmes for Departments, traders, members of NGOs, methods of pre/post harvest and storage technologies and updated quality A total of 10,841 personnel trained in 190 centres during at a total expenditure of ` lakhs. The expenditure was met under HRD head. The details of training programme conducted on category wise are given below: (i) 133 grower training programmes - 7,359 (Female: 1,895; SC: 2,220; ST: 551) (ii) 17 master training programmes (Female: 179; SC: 282; ST:29) (iii) 16 Regional Seminars 1519 (Female: 304; SC: 572; ST: 170) (iv) 18 Market Linkage Programmes (Female: 110; SC: 250; ST: 45) (v) Six trader training programmes (Female: 7; SC: 3; ST: 4) F. Extension Advisory Service Training on transfer of technical know-how to growers on production and post harvest improvement of spices is an important factor in increasing productivity and improving quality of spices. This programme envisages technical/extension support to growers on harvest management through personal and through distribution of literature in vernacular languages for cardamom (small) in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and development of large cardamom in the states of Sikkim and West Bengal and selected spices in the North Eastern region. Besides extension advisory service, the production and post- harvest programmes of the Board under the scheme Export Oriented Production are implemented through the extension network. The pay and allowance of the staff in the Development Department, their TA/DA, and other contingencies were met under this programme. During , a total of 19,689 extension visits were conducted and 1,861 group meetings/campaigns were organized for cardamom (small and large) in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Sikkim, Eastern states and other spices growing areas. The total expenditure made under extension advisory service was ` 1,943 lakhs during G. Externally Funded Projects (i) Project on post harvest of spices under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture [MIDH], Ministry of Agriculture for post harvest of spices implemented Integrated Development of Horticulture [MIDH], Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of listed below: 20

85 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT (a) About 35 demonstrations for Large Cardamom, Small Cardamom, Ginger, Turmeric, Chilli, Bird Eye Chilli, Garlic, Coriander, Cumin, Pepper, Mint, Curry Leaf (Female: 370 SC: 18, ST: 612) (b) Horticulture Mechanization supplied (Female: 1; SC:1: ST:1) were supplied (SC:1) (small and large), clove and pepper were supplied (Female:2) A total of 71 Nutmeg driers were supplied (Female: 4) A total of 68 Turmeric polishing machines were supplied During , MIDH released an amount of ` 150 lakhs for implementing the programme in two installments. A total of ` 3,828 farmers and the balance fund of ` carried forward for (ii) RKVY Project of Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Achievements during under RKVY Andhra Pradesh are listed below: a) Eight numbers of Plant Protection Equipment of ` 0.66 lakhs were supplied b) A total of 13 numbers of Turmeric Boilers at an expenditure of ` 18 lakhs were installed. c) One Turmeric polisher ` 1 lakh was installed. d) Training programmes for IPM in chilli at 20 mandals covering 40 villages in Guntur District for farmers at a total expenditure of ` 2.76 lakhs were conducted. A total expenditure of ` lakhs was (iii) RKVY Project of Govt. of Telangana The Govt. of Telangana has approved the submitted by Spices Board under RKVY for under RKVY Telangana. The achievements participants was conducted with a total expenditure of ` 2.40 lakhs. One farmer training programme was conducted with an expenditure of ` 0.30 lakhs which had 60 participants. A total of 300 numbers of HDPE sheets total cost of which was ` 2.84 lakhs. A total of ` 5.54 lakhs was incurred under (iv) Production of Organic Ginger in Bastar, Chhattisgarh of Organic Ginger in Bastar District of Chhattisgarh had been approved at a total ` lakhs by District Administration, Bastar, Government of Chhattisgarh, to cover an area of 8.5 ha under Organic production of ginger. During 2; ST: 7) farmers had been distributed with 12,820 kg of ginger rhizome planting material costing ` 9.12 lakhs. 21

86 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION The various programmes being implemented under the scheme Export Development and Promotion intend to support exporters to adopt high technology in spice processing or to upgrade existing level of technologies for high-end value addition and to develop capabilities to meet the changing food safety standards in the importing countries. While upgradation, the Board focuses on quality and food safety in the whole supply chain infrastructure development, research on new applications of spices and new product development, promotion of Indian spice brands abroad, setting up of infrastructure for common cleaning, grading, processing, packing, storing facilities (Spices Parks) in promotion of organic spices/gi spices, etc. Special programmes are also undertaken for entrepreneurs from North Eastern Region. A. Infrastructure Development (i) Adoption of High technology & In order to encourage high-end value addition in spices processing for better value realization while ensuring quality and food safety of the exported item to match with international quality requirements, the programme offers grantin-aid to the Registered Manufacturer exporters for adopting high technology in spices processing and for upgrading their existing technologies/facilities. The level of assistance is 33 per cent of the value of machinery/equipment for processing and packing, electrical installations and consultancy charges with a maximum of ` areas and 50 per cent of the cost or ` lakhs whichever is less, for special areas including North Eastern region. The scheme for technology up-gradation to support exporters to upgrade their existing processing/packing facilities to manufacture products with high-end value addition and quality standards to match the requirements of foreign buyers. assistance of ` lakhs was extended technology/technology upgradation. Control Labs The programme proposes to provide assistance to Registered Manufacturer exporters who propose to set up/upgrade in-house quality control laboratories establishing facilities to undertake analysis of various parameters on quality of the products including detection of pesticide and microbial contaminants. Assistance is limited to 33 per cent of the cost of laboratory equipment/ instruments, glassware, laboratory furniture and other accessories including electrical installations and consultancy charges for setting up/up-gradation of in house quality control laboratories. During , three exporters availed the facility and the total grant-in-aid released was ` lakhs. of check samples and training of laboratory personnel Spices Board assists exporters of spices for acquiring quality systems like ISO, their processing units wherein 33 per cent of the charges incurred for accreditation/ HACCP, GMP, etc., would be given as grant- 22

87 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT in-aid. The assistance towards analytical charges for validation/standardization in laboratories abroad and charges/expenses for upgrading technical knowledge of laboratory personnel of the exporters in reputed international laboratories preferably approved by USFDA and EU. B. Trade Promotion (i) Sending business samples abroad The Board assists those exporters who wish basis of samples requested by buyers and to have better clarity. The Board reimburses the courier charges to a maximum of ` 50,000 per year. Registered manufacturer exporters of spices having Spice House organic spice growers and exporters and brand registered exporters are covered under this programme. During , totalling of ` 1.91 lakhs to six exporters. (ii) Printing promotional literatures/ brochures Promotional literature and brochures are the preliminary promotional material to fetch the buyers for the produce. Exporters who have SHC/Logo/Brand registered with the Board are eligible to avail the assistance at the a maximum of ` 2.00 lakhs per brochure and maximum twice during the plan period. Printing promotional literatures/brochures, exporters and the range of products and services offered to the prospective buyers abroad is supported by the Board. (iii) Packaging development and bar coding registration The programme envisages improvement and modernisation of export packaging for increased shelf life, reduced storage space, establishing traceability and better presentation of Indian spices in markets abroad. Registered exporters can avail assistance to the tune of 50 per cent of the cost of packaging development and bar ` 1.00 lakh per exporter per year. C. Product Development & Research There is a good scope for deriving new end uses and applications from the spices produced within the country. The value realization in these product/formulations would be much higher than what would be available if they were exported solely as condiments. Development of new end research in the areas of nutritional, pharmaceutical and cosmetic values of spices as introduction of new end products would go a long way to create patentable products with maximum value realization. product research/development, clinical trials, patenting, and test marketing. All registered manufacturer exporters and recognized research institutions who wish to develop new end products of spices and who wish to involve in clinical trials to document and establish the known properties of spices can avail this scheme. The amount would be disbursed in the form of grant-in-aid at 50 of ` 25 lakhs in agreed installments based on the completion of different phases of the research and study. During , the Board disbursed grant-in-aid amounting to ` 5.17 lakhs under this scheme. D. Spice Processing in North Eastern Region North Eastern region of India produces spices such as Cardamom (Large), Chilli, Turmeric and Ginger, organically grown with varied pungency and indigenous qualities compared to the produce from area of trade concern for NE region is the 23

88 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT lack of exportable surplus and inadequate processing facilities to cater to the need of export industry. This scheme proposes spice growers, co-operatives, Farmers Associations, NGOs representing spice growers and individual entrepreneurs in North Eastern and hill states to establish primary processing facilities for spices. Grant-in-aid is provided to the tune of 33 per cent of the cost of all types of primary of ` 25 lakhs during the plan period per is up to 50 per cent of the cost of primary processing facility. E. Brand Promotion Loan Scheme overseas markets, through a series of measures leading to the positioning of quality Indian spice brands within the reach of the foreign consumers with a clear mark of traceability and food safety. Under this programme, exporters who have registered assistance towards interest free loan up to outlets and selected cities abroad, 100 per cent of slotting/listing fee, promotional expenditure and 50 per cent of the cost of product development is considered under F. Market Study Abroad The areas and other critical sectors for Indian spice products are to be studied in depth to formulate appropriate pricing and devise a suitable promotional and marketing strategy. Market survey by the Board helps threats and opportunities for Indian spices. to small scale exporters and new entrants who require advice more appropriately with the changing market situations and other export operations. Based on this study, brand promotion efforts of exporters are pursued. G. Participation in international trade fairs/exhibitions/meetings and trainings (i) Participation by the Board The Board is an international link between the Indian exporters and the importers abroad. As part of its initiatives for promotion of Indian spices in international international trade fairs. During , Board participated in 10 international fairs incurring a total expenditure of ` lakhs. (ii) Participation by Exporters International fairs and exhibitions provide the participants enormous opportunities to promote their products and services. Registered exporters who have obtained spices and those exporters whose brand names have been registered with the Board can avail the assistance. The assistance is in the form of reimbursement of airfare (Economy Excursion class) for visits to trade ` 60,000 for Logo/SHC holders and ` 40,000 for holders per exporter per year. In case of hiring independent stall, the extent of assistance will be 50 per cent of the cost per exporter ` 1.00 lakh. During the year , a total amount of ` 1.20 lakhs was disbursed under this scheme. (iii) Market Development Assistance (MDA) Registered exporting companies with an FOB value of exports effected upto ` 30 crores in the preceding year are eligible for getting assistance under the MDA guidelines 24

89 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, for participation in trade delegations/ buyer-seller meets/fairs/exhibitions abroad to explore new markets for export of their initial phase. Apart from general areas, regions abroad like Focus (LAC), Focus (Africa), Focus (CIS) and Focus (ASEAN + assistance under this programme. This is has completed 12 months membership with concerned EPC/organisation regularly. The assistance is for airfare in Economy/ Excursion class and/or charges of the built per participation to eligible spice exporters. During , four exporters availed the MDA assistance amounting to ` 3.46 lakhs. H. Indian Spices Logo and Trade Mark The Board awards the logo selectively to quality control capability and who maintain a high level of hygiene and sanitation at all stages. Registered exporters of spices and spice products in processed and packed form of any weight can come under the exported pack, the consumer will be aware of the intrinsic qualities and acquired superiority of Indian spices. The trade mark logo is registered in 22 main spice importing countries. I. Registration of Brand Name Registration of Brand Name is to support export of spices/spice products in consumer packs under Indian brand names and gain market share in the fast growing market of branded consumer packs. The different spices for different unit weights in consultation with Indian Institute of Packaging. All brand registered exporters have to renew their registration after every registered/renewed their brands. J. Registration & Licensing Registration & Licensing is a part of the regulatory functions of the Board. The as Exporter of Spices (CRES) and also the Auctioneer and Dealer Licences for trading in Cardamom (Small and Large). The CRES and Dealer and Auctioneer Licences are issued for a block period of three years i.e During the , Spices Registration as Exporter of Spices (CRES), 106 Cardamom Dealer Licences and one Auctioneer. K. Exporter Award Spices Board has instituted Export Awards and Trophies to honour the exporters of spices who excel in their exports of spices in various categories every year. L. Major initiatives (i) Spices Parks With a view to empower the farmers to get better price realization and wider markets market centers. The Parks will facilitate the farmers to utilize the common infrastructure facilities for cleaning, grading, packing and steam sterilization to ensure the quality of the product and thus a higher price. facilities in the park and the quality testing facility in the laboratory will improve the overall quality of spices produced in the locality. Spices Park is a well-conceived approach to have an integrated operation for cultivation, post harvesting, processing for value-addition, packaging and storage of spices and spice products. 25

90 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT The Board has established/establishing producing/market centers. The location of the Spice Parks currently established is given in the table below: payment to auctioneers and farmers. Under the new procedure, registration fee for E-auctioneer License and Manual Auctioneer Licence is ` 50,000 and ` 5,000 respectively. Also, for E-auctioneer Licence, Sl No Location/State Spices Covered Status 1 Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh Garlic and Chilly Functioning 2 Puttady, Kerala Pepper and Cardamom Functioning 3 Cumin and Coriander Functioning 4 Guna, Madhya Pradesh Coriander Functioning 5 Guntur, Andhra Pardesh Chilly Functioning 6 Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu Turmeric and Chilly Completed 7 Coriander, Cumin Completed 8 Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh Mint Completed A total of ` lakhs has been spent during towards maintenance of spice parks. (ii) Spice Complex at Sikkim Government of Sikkim has allotted 10 acres of land to Spices Board of which 8 acres is to be used for establishment of Spice Complex and 2 acres is to be used for the use by the State Government. The Board has prepared draft DPR after inviting EOI for establishment of Spice Complex at Sikkim. (iii) Electronic Auction for Cardamom The E-auction of cardamom (small) continued in the Spices Park at Puttady of Idukki District, Kerala and in Bodinayakanur of Tamil Nadu. Manual auctions also continued in other states like Karnataka and Maharashtra for cardamom (small) and in two places in Sikkim and Cardamom. The Cardamom (Marketing & Licensing) Rules, 1987 were amended will make the system more competitive, transparent and reduce the time in making the applicant shall provide required Security Deposit in the form of Bank Guarantee valid for the block period for which the applicant desires to obtain the auctioneer license. The Board has established an e-auction centre at Bodinayakanur in the Board s was inaugurated by Chairman, Spices Board on 30 th May, (iv) Signature Stall Flavourit is an initiative to share and sustain the passion of spices. Flavourit the spices from the farms where growing spices is a tradition and faith. The commitment of Flavourit to quality and intimacy with purity roots deep into the spirit of Indian spices. Flavourit strives to spread the pleasure of Indian spices throughout modern world. The pleasure of spices is preserved by the people who work on the soil with Flavourit. Flavourit streamlines the efforts of people working at grassroots with market forces. It helps growers, collectives and developmental ventures to bring economic and social inclusion. 26

91 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Flavourit connects nature s traditions to the modern world, bringing together progressive farmers and grassroot organizations, whose hard work ensures best quality spices for wellness. Flavourit is also committed to health and wellness of people and planet. It ensures natural taste and aroma of the spices, packaged in ecofriendly ways, suitable for modern lifestyle. In order to promote these quality spices, Spices Board has set up three signature stalls called Spices India in the Lulu Mall at Cochin and in Delhi. (v) Spice Museum at Willingdon Island, Kochi The Port Trust has allotted cents of land to Spices Board. The Board has entered into an MoU with Cochin Port Trust at Willingdon Island on lease basis to set up Spices Museum and signature signature stall is to facilitate the tourists for sourcing authentic Indian spices to presents and souvenirs of Kochi, famous for its wide variety of spices. It will also update the knowledge on spices industry besides entrusted an agency for preparing the DPR. (vi) Spices Board of India Chair Professorship at IIPM, Bangalore support to Indian Institute of Plantation Management (IIPM), Bangalore for establishing Research Chair under the Commodity Boards of India Chair Professorship program. The Research Chair is headed by a Senior Faculty/Post- Doctoral fellow, as a Chair Professor. Spices Board has deputed Dr. G. K. Vidyashankar, Deputy Director, Spices Board for the Chair Professorship for a period of two years. The the Chair would provide a much needed sector. Spices Board has provided an annual grant of ` lakhs to IIPM for establishing the Chair for Spices Board of India Chair Professorship in The fund will be utilized for the purpose directly related to the setting up of Chair, its research & CARP activities, and in the conduct of various studies in the Spices sector in consultation with Spices Board. A Monitoring Committee constituted by the Board monitors and reviews the activities as well as the utilization of the funds by the IIPM. (vii) Buyer Seller Meets There is a wide gap between the farm gate price and the terminal market price of spices. In order to improve the value chain and to realize better price to growers, the Board organised three buyer-seller meets at Guwahati, Kota and Hyderabad during in the spices growing areas including NE region by bringing the farmers/farmers groups, NGOs, exporters, and institutional buyers on one platform to establish linkage between them and to eliminate middlemen in market channel. (viii) GI Registration of Spices The Board has obtained the GI registrations for Malabar Pepper, Alleppey Green Cardamom, Coorg Green Cardamom, Guntur Sannam Chilli and Byadagi Chilli. 27

92 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT TRADE INFORMATION SERVICE Trade Information Service of the Marketing Department is responsible for the collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination of statistics relating to Exports, Imports, Area, Production, Auction and Domestic and International prices of spices. compiling the monthly estimated export of spices from India is the Daily List of Exports (DLE) released by the Customs authority. Similarly, the Daily List of Imports (DLI) released by the Customs is the source for estimating the monthly import of Spices into India. The Board compiles the export/import details of Spices on a monthly basis and of spices to its stakeholders and Ministry/ Departments on a regular basis. For this purpose, the Board is regularly collecting Cochin, JNPT, Chennai, Tuticorin, Mundra, Calcutta, Petrapole, Mohadhipur, Raxual, Amritsar, etc. Moreover, the information is of the Board for this purpose. The Board compiles and disseminates both the domestic and international prices abroad on regular basis to the end-users through its websites and publications. details are agencies like India Pepper and Spice Trade Association, Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees, Merchants Associations, International Trade Centre (Geneva), International Pepper Community (Indonesia), AA Sayia & Co (USA), etc. These information is collected through the regional from the international agencies. Since the Board is responsible for the production development of cardamom (small and large), the area, production and productivity of these spices are estimated by Trade Information Service by the and production details of other spices are collected from the State Economics and Statistics/Agriculture/Horticulture Departments/DASD for compilation. Information on area and production of all spices is disseminated through the Board s publications as well as through the website to the stakeholders and policy makers. As per the Registration of Exporters (Regulations), all the Registered Exporters of Spices have to submit their quarterly export returns to the Board. Currently around 6,150 exporters are registered with the Board and the Trade Information Service is compiling the Quarterly Export Returns of these exporters and maintaining the exporter-wise database of export of spices. By using this database, the details of leading exporters of each spice are compiled and published through the Board s website. Spices Board conducts e-auction for trading of cardamom through e-auction centres developed by the Board at Bodinayakanur, Tamil Nadu and Puttady, Kerala. The details of daily auction quantity and price of cardamom are compiled and published on a daily basis through Board s website. The consolidated details on auction sale and average prices were compiled and disseminated through Board s publication. Compiling the weekly domestic price of different spices for different market centres and published through the publication of the Board namely Spices Market on a weekly basis and Spice India on a monthly basis for 28

93 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT A. Area and Production of Spices The area, production and productivity of Cardamom (Small) and Cardamom (Large) for compared to are given in Table I & II (A&B). Area and production of other spices is given in Table-III. State State-wise Area and Production of Cardamom (Small) (Area in Hect., Prodn in Tonnes, Yield in Kg/Hect) Total Area (P) Yielding Area Prodn. Yield Total Area Yielding Area Source:- Estimate by Spices Board. (P) Provisional State-wise Area and Production of Cardamom(Large) Sikkim & West Bengal (Area in Hect., Prodn in Tonnes, Yield in Kg/Hect) State-wise Area and Production of Cardamom(Large) Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland Prodn. Yield Kerala Karnataka Tamil Nadu Total State Total Area (P) Provisional source : Estimate by Spices Board (P) Yielding Area Prodn. Yield Total Area Yielding Area Prodn. Yield Sikkim West Bengal Total State-wise Area & Production of Cardamom(Large) State Total Area (Hect) Production (Tonnes) Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Total Source : State Horticulture Department 29

94 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT (Area in Hect., Production (Prdn.) in Tonnes) Spice (P) (P) Area Prdn. Area Prdn. Pepper Chilli Ginger Turmeric Garlic Coriander Cumin Fennel Fenugreek Source: State Directorate of Eco. & Stat. /Agri./Horti. Departments, Directorate of Arecanut & Spices Development, Kozhikode (P): Provisional B. Auction Sales and Prices of Cardamom (Small) The state-wise auction sales and weighted average price of cardamom (small) for (August 2016-April 2017) and (August 2015-July 2016) are given in Table-IV. State Auction sales and prices of cardamom (small) (Qty. in Tonnes, Price in Rs./kg.) (P): Provisional Source: Reports received from licensed auctioneers C. Prices of cardamom (large) (August-April) (P) (August-July) Quantity auctioned Weighted average auction price Quantity auctioned Weighted average auction price Kerala and Tamil Nadu (e-auction) Karnataka Maharashtra Total The average wholesale prices of cardamom (large) at Gangtok and Siliguri markets for and are given in Table V. 30

95 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Average wholesale prices of cardamom (large) Centre Grade Gangtok Badadana Siliguri Badadana D. Prices of Other Major Spices below. These prices have been collected from secondary sources like Chamber of Commerce, Indian Pepper and Spice Trade E. Export Performance of Spices from India (Price in Rs./kg.) Association, market reviews prepared by the merchants, associations, etc. Prices of are given in Table VI. Spice Market Black Pepper(Mg-1) Cochin Chilli Guntur Ginger Cochin Turmeric Chennai Coriander Chennai Cumin Chennai Fennel Chennai Fenugreek Chennai Garlic Chennai Poppy Seed Chennai Chennai Mustard Chennai Tamarind Chennai Saffron Delhi Clove Cochin Nutmeg (without shell) Cochin Mace Cochin Indian spices exports have been able to continue its increasing trend during also. During the period, the spices export from India attained an all time record in both volume and earnings. 31

96 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT ,47,790 tonnes of spices and spice products valued ` crores (US$ Million) were exported from the country as against 8,43,255 tonnes valued ` crores (US$ Million) in registering an increase of 12 per cent in volume, 9 per cent in rupee terms and 6 per cent in dollar terms of value. period , the total export of spices exceeded the target in terms of both volume and value. Compared to the target of 8,70,000 tonnes valued ` crores , the achievement is 109 per cent in terms of volume and 112 per cent in rupee and 109 per cent dollar terms of value. During , the exports of Cardamom (Large), Chilli, Turmeric, Cumin, Celery, Fennel, Garlic and Nutmeg and Mace have shown an increase both in volume and value as compared to previous year. The export of value added products like Curry Powder/ Paste and Spice Oils and Oleoresins had also shown increase both in volume and value as compared to However in the case of Ginger and Fenugreek the increase has shown in volume only. All other spices have shown decline both in volume and value as compared to last year. As far as the individual spices are concerned, 780 tonnes of Cardamom (Large) valued `82.66 crores have been exported as against 600 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 30 per cent in volume and 9 per cent in value. During , a total volume of, 4,00,250 tonnes of chilli valued ` crores as against 3,47,500 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 15 per cent in volume and 27 per cent in value. During , a total volume of, 1,16,500 tonnes of turmeric valued ` crores as against 88,500 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 32 per cent in volume and 35 per cent in value. During the year, a total volume of 1,19,000 tonnes of cumin valued ` crores as against 97,790 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 22 per cent in volume and 28 per cent in value. During the year, a total volume of 35,150 tonnes of Fennel valued ` crores as against 15,320 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 129 per cent in volume and 79 per cent in value. During the period, a total volume of 6250 tonnes of Celery valued ` crores have been exported as against 5310 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 18 per cent in volume and 17 per cent in value. During , a total volume of 32,200 tonnes of garlic valued ` crores have been exported as against 23,085 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 39 per cent in volume and 92 per cent in value. During , a total volume of 5070 tonnes of Nutmeg and Mace valued ` crores have been exported as against 4050 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 25 per cent in volume and 13 per cent in value. In the case of value added products, the export of curry powder/paste was 28,500 tonnes valued ` crores as against 26,550 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 7 per cent in volume and 13 per cent in terms of value. During the year, a total volume of 12,100 tonnes of Spice Oils and Oleoresins valued ` crores as against 11,635 tonnes valued ` crores of last year registering an increase of 4 per cent in volume and 8 per cent in value. Item-wise estimated export of spices from India during compared with is given in Table VII and in comparison with target proposed for and per centage achievement of target is given in Table VIII. 32

97 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Item Table VII Export of spices from India during compared with Estimated Export of Spices from India during compared with Qty (Tonnes) Value (` lakhs) Qty (Tonnes) Value (` lakhs) Per cent change in Qty Value Pepper 17, , , , Cardamom(S) 3,850 42, ,500 44, Cardamom(L) 780 8, , Chilli 400, , , , Ginger 24,950 25, ,800 27, Turmeric 116, , ,500 92, Coriander 30,300 29, ,100 42, Cumin 119, , , , Celery 6,250 6, ,310 5, Fennel 35,150 30, ,320 17, Fenugreek 34,680 18, ,330 23, Other seeds (1) 18,100 15, ,880 16, Garlic 32,200 30, ,085 15, Nutmeg & mace 5,070 23, ,050 20, Other spices(2) 40,210 50, ,955 58, Curry powders/ paste 28,500 59, ,550 53, Mint products(3) 22, , , , Spice oils & oleoresins 12, , , , Total 947,790 1,766, ,255 1,623, Value in million US $ , (2) Include Tamarind, Asafoetida, Cassia, Saffron etc. (3) Include Mint Oils, Menthol & Menthol Crystal. Source: Estimate based on dle from customs, report from RO's and last year's export trend, etc. 33

98 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Item Table VIII Export of spices from India during compared with target Estimated export of spices from India during compared with target Qty Target for Value Qty (Tonnes) Value (` lakhs) Per cent Achievement of Target Qty Value Pepper 18, , , , Cardamom(S) 3,750 30, ,850 42, Cardamom(L) 500 6, , Chilli 350, , , , Ginger 33,000 42, ,950 25, Turmeric 90,000 99, , , Coriander 40,000 36, ,300 29, Cumin 110, , , , Celery 5,000 5, ,250 6, Fennel 22,000 20, ,150 30, Fenugreek 38,000 20, ,680 18, Other Seeds (1) 26,000 19, ,100 15, Garlic 25,000 18, ,200 30, Nutmeg & Mace 4,500 21, ,070 23, Other Spices(2) 43,250 49, ,210 50, Curry Powders/Paste 27,000 56, ,500 59, Mint Products(3) 22, , , , Spice Oils &Oleoresins 12, , , , Total 870,000 1,572, ,790 1,766, Value In Million US $ (2) Include Tamarind, Asafoetida, Cassia, Saffron Etc. (3) Include Mint Oils, Menthol & Menthol Crystal. Source : Estimate Based On Dle From Customs, Report From Ro's And Last Year's Export Trend Etc. 34

99 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT PUBLICITY AND PROMOTION Designing a good promotional strategy is vital for enhancing the reputation and public conception of the Spices Board. Board continued to popularize its schemes and activities for the branding of Indian spices across the globe. The strategies were designed for publicizing and promoting Indian spices, spice industry and the activities of the Board. year were participation in established International and Domestic fairs, press releases, advertisement campaigns, online promotional campaign, printing and publication of magazine, brochures and releasing video spots on spices. The multi-disciplinary promotional activities have lent support to the Board and spice industry, boosting the demand of Indian spices both nationally and internationally. A. Participation in Domestic Fairs One of the best means to reach out to the various stakeholders of spice industry is participation in domestic fairs. During every in important domestic fairs with a focus to cover main spice growing and marketing centers. The participation in fairs provides a platform to the Board to interact with various levels of spice industry like farmers, traders, exporters, scientists, other export promotional agencies/ organizations, which helps in designing Indian spice industry as well as the Indian spices. The participation in the fairs during domestic and international spice demands and generating awareness on the activities of the Board on a pan-india level. Board participated in 19 domestic exhibitions, which occurred in prime locations of India enlisted in the table below. Sl. No. Name of the Exhibition Place Date 1 North-East Business Summit and Exhibition Manipur 7-9 April National Cooperative Spice Fair April Food and Technology Expo 2016 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi July th National Exhibition Kolkata, West Bengal August Food Ingredients and Health Ingredients India India International Seafood Show, MPEDA Kerala Union of Working Journalists (KUWJ) Convention 2016 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh August September 2016 Ernakulam, Kerala October Destination Uttarakhand 2016 Dehradun, Uttarakhand October th India International Trade Fair (IITF) Pragati Maidan, New Delhi November

100 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Sangai Festival Imphal, Manipur November ATMA Idukki Technology Meet-2016 Thodupuzha, Kerala 3-5 November Field Day organised by Coffee Board Paderu, Visakhapatnam 8 December th Onattukara Agri Fest Charummoodu, Kerala December th Assam Agri-Horti Show Guwahati, Assam 6-9 January IASOWA Winter Carnival Chanakya Puri, Delhi 22 January th Kerala Science Congress 17 CFTRI-National Conference on Spices 18 Vision J&K 19 AAHAR - International Food & Hospitality Fair Mar Thoma College, Thiruvalla, Kerala January 2017 Mysuru, Karnataka 2-3 February 2017 Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir Pragati Maidan, New Delhi February March 2017 B. Participation in International Fairs The Board is an international link between the Indian exporters and the importers abroad. As part of its initiatives for promotion of Indian spices in international international trade fairs. The participation in international exhibitions with Spices Board gives a cost effective opportunity to the Indian spice exporters to interact and develop trade contacts with the existing as well as potential spice importers, thereby expanding the business horizon of the Indian spice industry. It also helps the Board to understand the various aspects of consumer behaviour and food habits, retail and wholesale market and the food safety and security related norms of the importing countries. The selection of events was based on strategy of tapping unexplored potential market regions. Exporters were given priority in slots were provided for their independent promotional activity under Board s banner. events effectively communicated and interacted with the visitors. Trade enquiries for various spices, herbs and formulations including products received at various events were disseminated to exporters for further follow up. Board represented itself in 10 International fairs listed out in the table below. Sl No. Name of the fair Place Date 1 Alimentec Bogota Colombia 8-11 June nd Summer Fancy Food Show New York, USA June Food Ingredients South America Sao Paulo, Brazil August

101 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Fine Food Australia Melbourne, Australia September BIOFACH America-All Things Organic Baltimore, MD, USA September Expoalimentaria Lima, Peru September SIAL Food, Paris Paris, France October Gulfood Manufacturing Dubai, UAE 7-9 November BIOFACH 2017 Nuremberg, Germany February Foodex 2017 Chiba, Japan 7-10 March 2017 C. Promotional Campaigns (i) Screening of Advertisements/Video spots on Indian spices The Board had produced and approved 15 video spots (60 sec) and 2 advertisements on Indian spices, with a view to promote and popularize culinary as well as non-culinary aspects of various Indian 16. During FY , the spots were screened in approximately 300 theaters/ multiplexes each in three phases. (ii) Online promotional campaign IBEF in association with Spices Board, Tea Board and Coffee Board, is running an online promotional campaign. The campaign gained popularity on social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, along with google ad links to spices and spice products. Designed to educate the online viewers, the campaign generated awareness on spices including its botanical, geographical, therapeutic, culinary aspects and non-culinary aspects and trade data via social media as well as blogs. D. Periodicals (i) Periodical publication, Spice India languages, English, Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada and Tamil was released on time. The quarterly issues in Telugu and Nepali languages were also released as per the schedule. The monthly issues dealt with the following themes: April - 13 th World Spice Congress Quality Rules the Spice World May - Gangtok Spice Complex: Harbinger of Development June July - E-Auction Facility in Tamil Nadu [New Milestone] - In Search of Spices and Herbs in Ethiopia August - Poppy : A Spice under Surveillance September October November December January February March - Spices for Veterinary Care - Convert Waste into Wealth - Empowering Women Entrepreneurs through Value Addition - Restricting Cassia Imports: Will Cinnamon do a Phoenix? - Pepper Revolution Across AP- Odisha Borders - Pepper Climbs New Heights in Arunachal Pradesh - Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs Goes Full Stream (ii) Foreign Trade Enquiry Bulletin: Trade enquiries received by the Board directly from overseas trade fairs, and 37

102 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT consolidated and published as FTEB, to facilitate export of spices. The publication was sent to the subscribers through on time. E. Other Publications Booklets and brochures printed during were: (i) General Brochure on Spices Board India (English) (ii) Brochure for International fairs: Gulfood Manufacturing (English) Food Ingredients South America (English and Portuguese) (iii)recipe pamphlet: Spice Escapades of the North-East 38

103 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT CODEX CELL AND INTERVENTIONS The Board has taken up activities in diverse international platforms to ensure the quality of spices through development of standards for spices and spice products, grass-root level interventions and development of best practices for production and processing of safe and clean spices. A. Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) The international platform of CAC for setting global standards for food and agricultural commodities has provided the Board with adequate opportunities to effectively bring into force quality standards to protect the interest of the Indian spices sector. (i) Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs (CCSCH) This vertical committee of Codex for spices and culinary herbs is currently hosted by India, and Spices Board is holding the secretariat for this committee on behalf of India. So far, three sessions of this committee have been concluded successfully - CCSCH1 (February 2014) in Kochi, CCSCH2 (September 2015) in Goa and CCSCH3 (February 2017) in Chennai. The third session of the Committee saw considerable progress in the standards development activity. Some of these are: (a) Three draft standards, viz. Black/White/ Green Pepper, Cumin and Thyme, being forwarded to the Codex Alimentarius (b) A novel grouping strategy was adopted by the committee for future elaboration of standards, so that related spices can be taken up at one time for developing standards. This is expected to shorten the time required for standards development. (c) Following this strategy, the third session of CCSCH has approved new work proposals for the following products, CAC40 session to be held in July 2017: (ii) Other Codex Committees The Board s activities in other Codex committees are highlighted below: (a) The Codex Cell is involved in three Electronic Working Group (ewgs) under Codex Committee on Food Import Systems (CCFICS): 1. Proposed principles and/or guidelines for the exchange of information (including Questionnaires) between countries to support food import and export, 2. Proposed guidelines for the exchange of information between countries 3. Proposed draft revised Principles and Guidelines for the Exchange of Information in Food Safety Emergency Situations. (b) The Codex Cell actively worked in two Electronic Working Groups (ewgs) in Codex Committee on Contaninants in Food (CCCF): 1. The ewg on code of practice for the prevention and reduction of mycotoxins in spices, and 2. The ewg for discussion paper on the development of maximum levels for mycotoxins in spices and possible prioritization of work. 39

104 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT B. WTO: STANDARDS AND TRADE DEVELOPMENT FACILITY The Spices Board had submitted a Development Facility (STDF) under WTO, for assistance on capacity building and knowledge sharing to address sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) issues in spices. STDF is the global partnership supporting developing countries in building capacity to implement international SPS standards, guidelines and recommendations as a means to improve their human, animal and plant health status and ability to gain or maintain access to markets. WTO had considered Board s proposal, and WTO- approved consultant, for submission to STDF. This is now underway, and Ms. Shashi Sareen, Senior Food Safety and chosen by STDF Secretariat to undertake the study in India. pepper, coriander, cumin, fennel and nutmeg including mace, which are in good demand for their multiple applications individually and in combination. (i) To enhance the food safety and to export quality spices due to sanitary and phytosanitary challenges (ii) To generate national level data on quality parameters of spices (iii) Establishing a technical platform for designing and developing operational methods to meet the requirements of SPS and CODEX (iv) Developing a national and international level collaboration and platform for data sharing between the various apex organizations involved in spice research (v) Extrapolation of data for setting up of international standards for spices Project Areas: The following areas are considered for the locations could yield the actual impact for they are all principal growing areas for the respective spices in the country: 1. Cumin/fennel in Mehsana district of 3. Coriander in Guna district of Madhya Pradesh 4. Pepper in Idukki district of Kerala 5. Nutmeg and mace in Ernakulam district of Kerala 6. Chilli in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh Ongoing activities: The following workshops were held at different locations in India, guided by the consultant and organized by the Spices Board, which were attended by important stakeholders including farmers, processors and exporters: (i) Workshop on chilli, Paderu and Guntur, Andhra Pradesh (conducted on March 2017) (ii) Workshops on cumin and fennel, (scheduled from May 2017) in May 2017) (iii) Workshop on coriander, in Guna, Madhya Pradesh (scheduled from May 2017) 40

105 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT (iv) Workshop on nutmeg, in Kochi, Kerala (scheduled from 30 May - 2 June 2017) for comprehensively addressing SPS issues in workshop is scheduled to be held at India International Centre, 40, Max Mueller Marg, New Delhi on 8th June 2017 from AM till 1.30 PM. This session would highlight the activities conducted under the 41

106 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT for chilli and turmeric in Andhra Pradesh Board India and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), , aimed to bring the spices farmers in the supply chain ensuring traceability and enabling direct connectivity of the farmer with the buyers. A feature of this Organisations which could collectively gather the farmers for group initiatives in procuring inputs and for selling the produce more professionally and with competence. farmers in Edlapadu Mandal of Guntur district and their farms were surveyed and the details were, besides their crop practices, uploaded on the webpage As a test, a sample purchase sales deal was done on the web portal. Simultaneously, 1000 turmeric farmers were surveyed in Tenali region states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, four organizations were selected to serve four districts. M/s Effort was chosen to cover 14,000 farmers in Prakasam district and Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, M/s Nilagiri Foundation to cover 12,000 farmers in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, M/s Pothana Educational Society to cover 15,000 farmers in Warangal district in Telangana and M/s PRDIs to cover 10,000 farmers in Khamam district of Telangana. A total number of 52 Field Coordinators (1000 farmers per coordinator) are working in the farmers and to do farm surveillance. The Field Coordinators also facilitate the linking Agriculture and Horticulture Departments besides banks and other required service agencies. covered 52,745 farmers of which 11,138 are turmeric farmers and 41,607 are chilli farmers. Global location Numbers are allotted to all the farmers as assigned by GS1 India. The web portal is now functional. The details of all the farmers, their farms and farming practices including fertilizer and pesticide applications are given in the web portal. The Field Coordinators are uploading information on the web portal. The portal has developed a directory of buyers who can register on line easily. Farmer Producer Organisations are also listed in the portal to enable transactions of their member farmers with the buyers. Real time weather report, price of commodities Agriculture Practices, Integrated Pest Management, crop advisories, videos on farming, etc., are also made available on the web portal. 42

107 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT QUALITY IMPROVEMENT The Quality Evaluation Laboratory (QEL) of the Board was established in 1989 at Kochi. Quality Management System since 1997 and ISO Environmental Management System since 1999 by the British Standards Institution, U.K. and accredited under ISO/IEC: since September 2004 by the National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories (NABL), Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India. As a part of providing speedy analytical services to exporters, now Spices Board has seven Quality Evaluation Laboratories Kochi, Chennai, Guntur, Mumbai, New Delhi, Tuticorin and Kandla. The QEL, at Kochi, Mumbai, Guntur, Chennai and Delhi have NABL Accreditation and the other two laboratories are in the process of getting accreditation. The construction of QEL, Kolkata is also in progress and expected to be completed in Taking into account the high volume of samples tested in Mumbai laboratory and to upgrade the same to a centre of excellence in Spice/Spice products analysis, Spices Board has constructed a new laboratory at Mahape, Navi Mumbai in a building area of 4000 sq.mts. It was inaugurated on with all the modern infrastructure facilities. The laboratories are equipped with sophisticated instruments to undertake the analyses as per the requirements of importing countries. The documents pertinent to analytical services of the laboratories, including the generation of worksheets and submission of analytical results were made online through the software called QUADMAS. To ensure the analytical credibility, the laboratories regularly participate in check samples/validation programme organized by National/International agencies like American Spice Trade Association (ASTA), Scheme (FAPAS) and Food Examination by Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), U.K., International Pepper Community (IPC), Jakarta, and with the by the NABL accredited laboratories in India. The QELs also conduct regular inter laboratory check sample programs for the Dye I-IV and pesticide residues with the laboratories in India. The technical staff in the laboratories are also periodically trained in reputed National/International laboratories like CFTRI, Mysuru, International Food Safety Training Laboratory, USA, Institute of Science of Food Production - National Research Centre, Italy, etc., to update their analytical skill on par with the International standards. QELs undertake analysis of consignment samples under the mandatory inspection policy of Spices Board. The QELs continued to provide analytical services to the Indian spice industry and to monitor the quality of spices produced and processed in the country. QELs have facilities to analyze various physical, chemical and microbial parameters including pesticide residues, products. The QELs follow internationally accepted testing methods for various analyses and validate new methods as and when necessary. A. Analytical Services During the current year the laboratory continued the analysis of chilli and chilli 43

108 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT products for the presence of Sudan dye sampling of consignments of chilli, chilli products, turmeric powder and other food products containing chilli. Also, analysis of export consignments of sugar coated fennel seeds (for sunset yellow), curry leaves (for pesticides namely profenofos, triazophos and endosulfan to EU), cumin seeds (for extraneous matter and other seeds) was done during the period under mandatory inspection of the Board. Analytical services were also provided for parameters like illegal dyes (Para Red, Rhodamine B, Butter Yellow, Sudan Red 7B and Sudan Orange G), Ochratoxin A, detection of mineral oil in black pepper, illegal colorants in cardamom, Coumarin content in cassia/cinnamon, etc., apart from the general physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Quality Evaluation Laboratories have also undertaken mandatory testing of spices and spice products like whole and ground form (excluding oils and oleoresins) of chilli, cumin, turmeric, black pepper, fenugreek and small cardamom from India to Japan for pesticide residues like Iprobenfos, Profenofos, Triazophos, Ethion, Phorate, Parathion, Chlorpyrifos and Methyl Parathion during the period. The mandatory sampling and testing of Salmonella has been introduced for export consignments of chilli (whole), chilli powder and chilli products, curry powder, curry masalas, curry paste and pickles, cumin (whole and ground) to USA from February analysed 1,06,811 numbers of samples for Illegal dyes, Pesticide residues, salmonella and an amount of ` 16,50,47,037 was collected as the analytical charges. B Human Resources Development Programme As part of improving the technical capabilities of the laboratory personnel and getting update on requirements of various quality systems adopted by the laboratories the following national/international training programme/workshops were attended by (i) (ii) Training programme on ISO/IEC Revisions conducted by NABL at Jaipur on Training programme on analytical approaches to current food safety issues Techonological Central-Food Research Institute (CSIR) Mysuru to (iii) Training programme on standards and technical regulations conformity assessment and accreditationunderstanding standards and technical regulations issues in manufacturing conducted by IIFT at New Delhi on (iv) Training programme on Spectrometric Techniques in Food Analysis by CFTRI, Mysuru from to (v) Training programme on ISO/ IEC Revisions by CMTI at Bengaluru on (vi) Training programme on Chemical, Microbiological, Mechanical and Clinical Measurements conducted by Q India Consulting services at Kochi during January 2017 (vii) Training programme on MS Service Seminar by Waters, Chennai on (viii) Training programme on FSPCA preventive control in Human Foods conducted by Sathguru consultants, Bengaluru at Cochin on

109 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT C (ix) Training programme on Mycotoxin conducted by EU at Rome, Italy from to (x) International Workshop and Training on Good Food Laboratory Practices conducted by FSSAI and International Life Science Institute India at Mumbai from to (xi) Training programme on ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System-Lead Auditor Course at Kochi from to organized by BSI, India. Training Programme for the Technical Personnel from Spice Industry (i) During the year the QEL conducted four training programmes on the analysis of spices and spice products for physical, chemical, residual and Microbiological parameters. A total of 27 members including technical personnel from various spice industries participated in the programmes and revenue of ` 3.16 lakhs was collected as the training fee. (ii) The QEL provided dissertation year M.Sc students and three B.Sc Students (3Nos) from different colleges. (iii) Technical staff from the QEL imparted training to sampling agencies on the standard sampling procedure for Salmonella on ; marketing department coordinated the training programme. D Participation in National/ International Events The laboratory actively participated in national/international meetings related to the quality issues, formulation of sp During the year , technical staff from the laboratory attended the following events: The 3 rd session of Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs organized Codex Alimentarius Commission at Chennai from to Meeting on Adulteration of Cassia and Cinnamon organized by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Delhi on Meeting with Japanese Delegation on Food Safety organized by FSSAI Delhi from to Discussion on enhancing multilateral trade conducted AP Chamber and Strategic Law Group at New Delhi on other codex committees 22 CCFICS, CCMA, 48 CCFA, 30CCOP and 48 CCPR conducted by FSSAI at New Delhi on Second Shadow Committee meeting of 39 th session of Codex Alimentarius Commission by FSSAI at New Delhi goods for EU generalized system of preferences with the registered exporters conducted by Ministry of Commerce held on Meeting of the technical committee for the scheme monitoring of pesticide residue at national level conducted by IARI at New Delhi on Meeting on EU regulation on endocrine disruptors conducted by Ministry of Commerce at New Delhi on High level India-EU dialogue seminar, New Delhi on

110 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT th session of CC-Asia FAO/WHO coordinating committee for Asia conducted by Codex Committee at New Delhi on directory of traditional food recipes at New Delhi on Ninth meeting of steering committee for implementation of the central sector scheme on monitoring of pesticide residue conducted by Krishi Bhawan at New Delhi on CCPR review conducted in Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi on Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH) conducted by FDA from to Seminar on legal liabilities and possibilities in accreditation system for laboratory at New Delhi on on fruits and vegetables and other oleoresin standards at New Delhi on Meeting in connection with the visit of CFIA led delegation from Canada conducted by EIC at New Delhi on th Meeting of export Inspection Council at New Delhi on MIDH review meeting by Krishi Bhawan at NewDelhi on CODEX First shadow committee meeting in FSSAI at New Delhi on AAHAR Fair 2017 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi on th Plenary meeting of ISO/TC 34/ SC7 conducted by BIS in Cochin from to Fifteenth Meeting of Spices, Culinary Herbs and Condiments Sectional Committee by FAD 9 BIS at Cochin on Inspection as part of Assessment team at Central Agmark Lab, Nagpur on Joint Inspection of QC Lab, Vaishali Industries, Kalamassery, Kerala on Session on Quality Evaluation in spices - Methods and Issues conducted by IISR Kozhikode on Internal audit of ISO/IEC quality systems implemented at Coconut Development Board, Aluva, on Seminar on legal liability and possible improvement in laboratory accreditation system organized by AOIL at Mumbai on Sampling of spices according to EU Regulation organized by CITD and Spices Board at Mumbai on National Seminar on seed spices for enhancing farmers prosperity and livelihood security conducted by from to Lab technical staff also presented lead paper on Management of pesticide residue problem in seed spices. IPC Quality Committee Meeting at Indonesia from to Alimentec Bogota Fair at Bogota, Columbia from to Regional codex committee meeting at Delhi during to conducted by Codex India. 46

111 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs (CCSCH 3) conducted by Codex Secretariat at Chennai from to E ISO Systems Related Activities (i) During QEL, Chennai was re-accredited under NABL ISO 17025:2005 (NABL) for testing of 8 Chemistry parameters including present accreditation is valid up to (ii) QEL, Narela ISO/IEC 17025:2005 obtained accreditation under ISO 17025:2005 on and is valid up to (iii) Surveillance audit of Quality Evaluation Labs at Mumbai and Guntur was conducted by NABL during the period. (iv) QEL, Kochi continued its implementation/compliance to quality systems viz ISO/IEC 17025, ISO 9001:2008 & ISO 14001:2004. QEL Kochi successfully completed re during the month September 2016 and desk top audit on ISO/IEC during the month September F ASTA Check Sample Programme The laboratory regularly participates in the ASTA check sample programme conducted by American Spice Trade Association. During the year QELs at Kochi, Mumbai, Guntur, Chennai, Tuticorin and Narela participated in the P. T. programme for the parameters viz colour value, capsaicin, water activity, total ash, acid insoluble ash, steam volatile oil, moisture, piperine content, e coli, salmonella and coliforms in spices like red pepper, black pepper and oregano. Four rounds of the above check sample programme were conducted by ASTA, and all the Z scores of the test reports generated by QELs were found satisfactory. G Spices Board check sample programme QELs conducted Inter-Laboratory Check Sample Programme for various physical, chemical, residual and microbiological parameters and the results were well within the limit of Z-score. QEL, Kochi conducted three rounds of inter laboratory check sample programme with private testing labs and other QELs for microbiology parameters like standard plate count, yeast and mould count, bacillus cereus, enterobacteriaceae, clostridium perfringens and salmonella from August 2016 and January Performance of QEL, Kochi was satisfactory in all rounds of the ILC program conducted. conducted by an international agency FAPAS, all the QELs participated for various other illegal dyes. All the results submitted by the laboratory are found well within the Z score limit. H Harmonization of Indian Standards with ISO Standards The staff from the QELs participated in meetings for the harmonization of Indian standards with ISO standards and FSSAI, which is being carried out in collaboration with the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), FSSAI and ISO Secretariat. The laboratory staff also actively participated in the Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs (CCSCH) by heading the various electronic working groups (ewgs) to formulate (i) The 29 th session of ISO TC-34/ SC7 - Spices, Culinary Herbs and Condiments Subcommittee of ISO 47

112 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT was held at Spices Board, Kochi from 24 to 25 January 2017, under the chairmanship of the Chairman, Spices Board. (ii) As Chair/Co Chair of ewg for the preparation of draft standards for cumin, pepper, oregano and thyme, technical staff from QELs made presentation/assisted in CCSCH-3 Board/CAC, WHO/FAO. (iii) The comments/suggestions were provided to BIS, ISO, IPC and CODEX Secretariats on various documents issues of spices as and when called for by the national/international organizations/agencies. I Projects Undertaken Center of Excellence in Microbiology by procuring the latest advanced equipment in QEL, Mumbai for the microbiological analysis and other activities to commence functioning as referral lab in microbiology. Also upgraded all the QELs with advanced equipment that reduce the analysis time of salmonella under the mandatory inspection programme of Spices Board. Spices Board on developing a simple method to differentiate true cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum syn. C.zeylanicum) and Cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) is approved and arrangements to sign the MOU with IISR is in progress. (iii) Under ASIDE scheme a Regional Quality Evaluation laboratory was constructed on 4 th May of a multi residue method for the analysis of pesticide residues in cardamom, chilli and cumin by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with NRCG, of training programme was completed during the period. 48

113 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT EXPORT ORIENTED RESEARCH Indian Cardamom Research Institute (ICRI), Spices Board, during , undertook research on small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) and large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) on various aspects such as germplasm conservation and varietal improvement, biotechnological interventions, integrated nutrient, pest & disease management and transfer of technologies. Extension activities such as advisory services on Integrated Pest Management, soil test based fertilizer recommendations, spice clinics, training on spices production technology, bioagents production and supply of small and large cardamom planting materials were also carried out. A. Crop Improvement (i) Small cardamom Germplasm surveys were undertaken in forests and wild habitats of lower Pulney hills of Tamil Nadu and resulted in four unique collections of small cardamom. The National Conservatory at Myladumpara was maintained with 563 cardamom accessions and 12 allied taxa. At Sakleshpur, germplasm was maintained with 244 accessions of cardamom and 10 accessions of allied genera. The released/elite clones like ICRI-3, ICRI-5, ICRI-8 and MCC-260 were multiplied and distributed to farmers. Yield from PET showed that MCC172 kg/ha). In thrips tolerance experiments, the per cent incidence of thrips on capsule was least in SKP 169 (0.09 per cent) and it was maximum in MCC 260 (2.10 per cent). In evaluation of F1 hybrids, high yield (880kg/ha) in Karnataka and multi locational trials are in progress. Hybrid progenies of small cardamom cross combinations are being evaluated in ICRI Saklespur farm and in farmers, plots as part of Participatory Breeding Programme. Large cardamom pollination trials initiated at ICRI, Myladumpara revealed that hand pollination was inevitable as honey bees acted as pollen robbers. (ii) Large Cardamom Survey was conducted in Sikkim and germplasm collection. Three hundred and one accessions of large cardamom and allied genera were maintained at ICRI-RRS Germplasm conservatory at Pangthang and Kabi research farm based on their traits of B. Biotechnology Molecular Biology lab was established in ICRI Myladumpara. Genetic diversity and relationships among all released varieties of ICRI were evaluated and data sheets were prepared. Molecular diagnostics of different viral diseases of pepper viz., CMV & PYMoV; small cardamom viz., CdMV and large cardamom LCCV were worked out. Training was imparted to PGTs on viral diagnostics DNA & RNA virus isolation and analysis. Dioecy characterization of nutmeg through molecular markers was carried out. A marker studies on archaeobotanical samples of spices viz. black pepper and cardamom from Pattanam archaeological site was concluded and report is under compilation. Two SRFs (UGC & CSIR) have submitted their Ph.D thesis on (i) Molecular Characterization of Dioecy in Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and (ii) Agro-Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Some Released Varieties of Small Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) respectively. completed with data analysis for generating 49

114 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT information on disease related markers and is ready for publication. The externally Indian spice plants was implemented by ICRI, Myladumpara during August 2016 and monograph preparation of spices is in progress. C. Agronomy and Soil Science a) Small cardamom A total of 1,750 soil samples received from cardamom planters from Kerala and Tamil Nadu were analysed for all nutrients and ph levels. The soil test results revealed that ph is acidic to very acidic in 69 per cent of the soils which necessitated the application of soil amendments (lime or dolomite). Among the primary nutrients available, phosphorous was high to very high in 62 per cent of soils which the secondary nutrients, magnesium was soils. Among micro nutrients, boron was Application of 10 t/ha along with two rounds of cow dung slurry resulted in sustainable yield of cardamom in eight cropping seasons. Weather data recorded and updated was provided to user agency for planning. Combined application of soil and foliar nutrients to plants had impact on agronomical practices and root biomass in small cardamom. Relatively lower root biomass was observed in plants that received only foliar nutrition as compared to soil application. At RRS Saklespur, it was found that application of Jeevamruta in cardamom microbes in soil. Likewise, urea coated with Pongamia cake followed by neem cake and gypsum were found effective as slow releasing nitrogenous fertilizers for (ii) Large cardamom Application of Borax (foliar/soil) in combination into Zn, Mn and Mg proved yield of kg ha -1 and kg ha -1 respectively. Foliar application of ZnSO 4 +MnSO 4 +MgSO 4 also increased dry yield ( kg/ha -1 ) as compared to other treatments. Studies on in-situ soil moisture conservation practices, surface mulching recorded highest soil moisture content (24.11 per cent) and maximum dry yield ( kg ha -1 ) of large cardamom. D. Plant Pathology (i) Small cardamom: Disease surveillance in small cardamom was carried out in Idukki district in different locations. Four hundred and twenty nine soil samples were collected from Idukki district for screening for soil borne fungus In-situ observation on incidences of various fungal and viral diseases was recorded among 403 small cardamom genotypes maintained at ICRI germplasm conservatory at Myladumpara. The study conducted on effect of ozone on pesticide residue in fresh small cardamom capsule revealed that ozone could remove more than 75 per cent of quinalphos residue from cardamom. Among four plots for black pepper maintained under Area Wide Integrated Pest Management region, Pochonia + Trichoderma followed by Bordeaux mixture + CoC + Carbosulfan were effective in controlling slow wilt or yellowing disease. Forty numbers of bacterial and fungal bio-agents were sub cultured and maintained. Eight numbers of bio-organic inputs and soil samples received from various stakeholders and farmers were analysed for microbial population. A total of 278 numbers of diseased plant samples comprising small cardamom, black pepper, vanilla, nutmeg, and ginger were diagnosed 50

115 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT progressive farmers. Six spice clinics were organised and the scientists from plant pathology division attended as resource persons. Nine germplasm accessions t collected and maintained at ICRI farm, Myladumpara. Mass multiplied fungal and bacterial bioagents such as Trichoderma liquid (1444 l) and Pseudomonas liquid ( l) were supplied to the progressive farmers during the period at ICRI Myladumpara. Six batches comprising progressive farmers, unemployed youth and NGOs were given hands-on training on production of biocontrol agents such as Pseudomonas and Trichoderma at Plant Pathology division. Eight rhizome rot resistant accessions and poly house screening. Capsule borer tolerant accessions, thrips tolerant accession and in hot spot areas for evaluation. The katte tolerant after initial poly house screening was planted in (ii) Large cardamom Spraying of biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas showed least incidence of leaf blight than the application of butter milk (5 per cent) and control. A survey on diseases of large cardamom carried out in plantations in Bengal) and Arunachal Pradesh revealed blight incidence in the entire plantations, which is relatively higher in Arunachal Pradesh. The occurrence of chirkey and foorkey viral diseases was recorded in several plantations. A total of 1,650 litres of was produced and supplied to progressive farmers of Bengal for disease management in large cardamom, ginger, turmeric and other spices. Hands-on training on bio-agent carried out for farmers of Sikkim. E. Entomology For cardamom shoot borer, Conogethes punctiferalis, the active pheromone components viz., hexadecenoic acid and from female moths and sex-pheromones for management of shoot and capsule borer and pest and natural enemy survey conducted in ICRI farm, Myladumpara revealed the absence of secondary outbreak of minor mites, tingids and relatively lesser incidence of cardamom root knot nematodes (< 5.0 per cent). The natural enemy survey revealed per cent to per cent incidence of larval parasitoids viz., Apanteles sp. and Glyptapanteles sp. on shoot and capsule borer (Conogethes punctiferalis). For the bio-management of cardamom root grubs, the potential and effective biopesticide ICRI-EPN -18 (Heterorhabditis indica) in Galleria cadaver formulations (Numbers: 1, 41,700) was supplied to farmers of Idukki district, Kerala. F. Transfer of Technology (i) Small cardamom Six spice clinics in Idukki district were organised. Cardamom suckers of ICRI-5 and MCC-260 (1825 nos.), black pepper cuttings-(16673 nos.), herbal spices (1000 nos.) and small cardamom planting materials (3000 suckers), cardamom seed seeds kg, black pepper-5700, herbal spices-425 numbers to farmers were distributed at Myladumpara and Sakleshpur respectively. Planters (1022 numbers) visited ICRI, Myladumpara and RRS, Sakleshpur (142 numbers) for advisory services on various aspects of cardamom and pepper cultivation. Twelve training/awareness programmes on 51

116 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT various aspects of cardamom and pepper cultivation were conducted for spice farmers at ICRI, Myladumpara and seven at Sakleshpur respectively. Four numbers of hands-on training programme on mass multiplication of biocontrol agents were organised for farmers and SHGs of Idukki district at ICRI, Myladumpara during Three training programmes on nutrition/pest/disease management were conducted at ICRI, Myladumpara. Analysis was carried out at Myladumpara for 2,022 numbers of soil samples; 31 numbers of leaf samples; and recommendations were given to farmers. Entomopathogenic nematode cadavers 1,01,875 numbers were multiplied and supplied to farmers for management of root grubs in cardamom. (ii) Large cardamom: Eleven mobile spice clinics on large cardamom were organised for the farmers of Bengal. Thirty one training programmes on improved agro techniques of large cardamom, ginger and turmeric and advisory services were given on different aspects of large cardamom production and post - harvest management in Sikkim state The XXIV Annual Research Council (ARC) meeting of large cardamom was conducted at Indian Cardamom Research Institute (ICRI), RRS, Tadong on 16 th November 2016 and the progress of research programmes was reviewed. Mr. B.A. Gudade, Scientist-B, Agronomy was honoured with Fellow Award-2016 for outstanding contribution in agriculture research (Agronomy) by Society and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. Dr. K. Dhanapal, Deputy Director (Research) was honoured with Best Presentation Award-2017 for research article titled Hailstorm Damage in Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) at Sikkim, by Botanical Survey of India. 52

117 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING The activities of the Board have changed Technology. Many manual operations are replaced with online systems which effectively reduce the workload of various departments of Board and reduce the turnaround time for their operations. EDP department facilitates the use of Information Technology in various departments of the Board by working along with them. In effect, this makes the whole system faster and more productive and enables the Board A. Main Activities of EDP Department are (i) Advise, guide and assist various for the effective use of Information Technology. (ii) Help desk management for existing applications, messaging solutions, Internet and Website maintenance (ii) Administration of organization-wide IT resources hardware, software, databases, networking and peripheral equipment (iv) Formulate strategies for technology acquisition, integration, and implementation (v) Upgradation of IT infrastructure (vi) and procedures for the smooth functioning of IT equipment and software (vii) Data processing (viii) Identify the need for new systems (or respond to requests from users (ix) Designing, development, documentation, testing, implementation and maintenance of information systems and application software (x) Maintenance and updation of Board s websites - indianspices.com, spicesboard.in, indianspices.org.in, worldspicecongress.com, spicesboard.org (xi) Formulate and conduct computer training programmes B. Achievements during the Period (i) Implemented Annual Property Return Management System, a software solution to manage property returns of employees of Spices Board. Employees can submit their annual property returns online through this system. Administrator login has the privilege to view the submissions. (ii) E-Auction Systems at Puttady, Kerala and Bodinayakanur, Tamil Nadu have been enhanced to accommodate 75 concurrent users. 53

118 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT IMPLEMENTATION OF RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2005 The Right to Information Act 2005 (22 of 2005) was enacted by Parliament and the assent of the President was obtained on is to provide for setting out the practical regime of Right to Information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority. The citizens can have access to the information of the Board under the provisions of the Right to Information Act except certain of the Act. The citizens may obtain the information about the Board on payment of prescribed fees. The Board has effectively implemented the RTI Act, 2005 and complied with all the directions of the Government in this regard. The Board has designated the Deputy Director (Audit & Vigilance) as the Co-ordinating Central Public Information of information by CPIOs and PIOs. The Board has designated seven Central to disseminate information under Right to Information Act, 2005 and 21 Central (CA of the Right to Information Act, The Secretary, Spices Board is nominated as the the proactive disclosure Guidelines of the RTI Act 2005 and Appellate Authority of the Board to hear appeals under Section 19(1) of the Right to Information Act, The Deputy Director (EDP) has been designated oversee the implementation of obligations under Section 4 of the RTI Act. The Board has disclosed every information required to be disclosed suo motu in such form and manner, which is accessible to the public (Section 4(1) of RTI Act 2005) through 17, a total of 98 RTI applications through physical and through the online portal and 7 appeals were received under the RTI Act. The required information was disseminated to all the cases within the stipulated time. Two CIC hearings were also held during this period. An amount of ` 350 was received as RTI registration fee and additional charges received was ` 40. The Quarterly RTI Returns (1st quarter to 4th quarter) were updated in the Central Information Commission s website as scheduled

119 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT List of Members of the Board (Term of some of the Board Members was valid till February, 2017) Govt. of India Gazette Extraordinary Part II Section 3-Sub Section (ii) No.269 New Delhi, Tuesday, February 4, 2014, MAGHA 15, 1935 Annexure I Sl. Name and address No. 1 Dr. A. Jayathilak IAS, Chairman, Spices Board, Palarivattom, Kochi , Kerala. 2 Shri S. Thangavelu, Member of Parliment, C-204 Swarna Jayanti Sadan, Dr. B.D. Marg, New Delhi Shri S. Thangavelu, Member of Parliment, 126/6, Gandhi Nagar East, 4 th Street, Kalugumalai Road, Sankarankoil Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu 3 Shri. B S Yeddyurappa Member of Parliament, Shivamoga District, Karnataka Res: 381, Devalagiri, 6 th cross Road, 80 ft. Road, RMV 2 nd stage, Bangaluru Status Telephone/Mobile/Fax/ Chairman Ph: Mob: Fax: chairman@indianspices.com Member Ph: Mob: Ph: Mob: , thangavelubscmp@gmail.com info@thonustraining.com Member Ph: Mob: bsy@yeddyurappa.in ms @gmail.com Term valid upto 03/02/ /10/

120 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Shri. Pratap Simha Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) Mysuru Jaladarshini, DC-2 Cottage, Hunsur Main Road, Mysuru Karnataka 5 Director/Deputy Secretary, Incharge of Export Promotion (Agriculture division) Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, New Delhi Joint Secretary and Mission Director (NHM) Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, Department of Agriculture, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi Director/Deputy Secretary Incharge of Finance Division, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Commerce, New Dehi 8 Director, M/s. Synthite Industries Ltd., Kadayirippu, Kolencherry, Ernakulam, Kerala, Pin Member Ph: Mob: mpmysoresimha@gmail.com 20/10/2017 Member 03/02/2017 Member Telefax: ; /02/2017 Member 03/02/2017 Member Ph: /210 Mob: Fax: /02/

121 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Shri. Bhaskar Shah, Managing Director, M/s.Jabs International Pvt. Ltd, A-350, TTC Industrial Area, MIDC Mahape, Navi Mumbai Maharashtra 10 M/s.AVT Mc-Cormick Ingredients Pvt Ltd, Chennai Member Ph: / Mob: Member Ph: mail@avtspice.com 11 Vacant Member representing growers 12 Shri. Kumarlal M Thailiani Partner, M/s.Asian Food Industires, NH No.8, Opp. Escort Tractors, Dabhaan, Nadiad, Kheda, 13 Mohan, M/s.ITC Limited, 37, Virginia House Kolkata West Bengal Member Ph: Mob: asianfoods2002@yahoo.com Member Ph: Mob: Vacant Member Member representing growers 15 Pottamkulam Estate, Koottickal (P.O.) Kottayam, Kerala Pin Executive Director, MAS Enterprises, Vandanmettu, Idukki District, Kerala Pin Member Ph: Mob: Fax: Member Mob: mail@masindia.com 03/02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/

122 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Shri. K. Zia-ud-Din Ahamed, Joint Managing Director, M/s. KCPMC Ltd, Bodinayakanur, Theni, Tamil Nadu Smt. Anita Karnavar President, ARS International, Kerala 76, LGF, World Trade Centre, Babar Lane, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi Director Phalada Agro Research Foundations Pvt. Ltd, 92/5, Kannalli Village, Segehalli Cross, Magadi Main Road, Bangaluru to Chief Minister, Chief Minister Secretariat, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh Pin Shri Mathew Samuel Kalarickal, Kalarickal Estate, Pulianmala, Idukki District, Kerala Pin Shri.Ravela Gopala Krishna, Nekkallu (P.O), Thulluru Mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh Pin Member Ph: ziauddinahamed@yahoo.com Member Ph: Mob: anitakarnavar@gmail.com Member Ph: /63/64 info@phaladaagro.com Member Ph: (O) (O) hotmai1@rediffmail.com hatobinmai5@gmail.com 03/02/ /02/ /02/ /02/2017 Member drmathew.sk@gmail.com 03/02/2017 Member Ph: Mob: gopalakrishnaravela@gmail.com 03/02/

123 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT Shri. E.M. Augasthy, Ex-MLA, Edamanakunnel, Thovarayar (P.O) Kattappana, Idukki District, Kerala Pin Chikkati Village and Post, Hobli, Gundlupet Taluk, Karnataka Pin The Principal Secretary (Horticulture) Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Bahukkandi Bhavan, UP Civil Secretariat, Lucknow The Principal Secretary (Horticulture) Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Room No.262 A, D-Block, Ist Floor, Secretariat, Hyderabad The Secretary, (Horticulture), Govt. of Sikkim, Krishi Bhavan, Tadong, Gangtok The Director (IE) NITI Ayog New Delhi 29 The Director, Indian Institute of Packaging [IIP], E-2, MIDC Area, P.B.No.9432, Andheri (East), Mumbai Member Mob: padidcb@gmail.com Member Mob: /02/ /02/2017 Member 03/02/2017 Member apcprlsecy1@gmail.com 03/02/2017 Member 03/02/2017 Member Ph: Mob: Fax: Member Ph: /9469/ Fax: director-iip@iip-in.com 03/02/ /02/

124 SPICES BOARD ANNUAL REPORT The Director, Central Food Technological Research Institute [CFTRI], Mysuru The Director, Indian Institute of Spices Research [IISR], P.B.No.1701, Marikkunnu P.O, Kozhikode , Kerala. Member Ph: Fax: Member Ph: Fax: Vacant Member representing labour interests 03/02/ /02/

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