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1 DbœZgv bi wkÿv mvgvwrk AMÖMwZi PvweKvwV * W. gbryi Avng` 1. f~wgkv DbœZ wkÿvi m ½ mvgvwrk AMÖMwZi hvmm~î wb q wezk ev wøg Zi we kl AeKvk bb wkš GB wk ivbv gb h wzbwu eo gv ci welq DÌvcb Kiv n q Q, m jv K Mfxifv e Abyave bi cö qvrb i q Q welq jv n QÑÔDbœZgv bi wkÿvõ, ÔmvgvwRK AMÖMwZÕ Ges GB `yb qi g a hvmm~ Îi aib 2. gvbm Z wkÿv DbœZgv bi ev gvbm Z wkÿvi mvaviy me RbMÖvn Kv bv msáv Av Q ejv hvq bv wkÿvi gv bi wewfbœ w`k ev Dcv`vb i q Q ÿîwe k l Gi G KKwU K ev GKvwaK K we kl MyiæZ `Iqv nq me Rbxb wkÿvi AwaKvi wb q 1990 mvj _ K ÔmK ji Rb wkÿvõi wek gq Av `vj bi m~îcvz nq _vbj v Ûi RÖgwZ qb kn i 2000 mv ji g a, we klz AbybœZ we k, me Rbxb wkÿvi AMÖMwZi wkqz jÿ gvîv wba viy Kiv nq gšwjk Ges cöv_wgk wkÿvq AwfMg Zvi welqwu K Gme j ÿ AMÖvwaKvi `Iqv nq Z e wkÿvi gv bi cöwz ` wó `Iqvi cö qvrbxqzvi ^xkvi Kiv nq ÔmK ji Rb wkÿvõi jÿ AR b m Pó niqvi Rb evsjv `ki A½xKvie nq 2000 mvj ch ší wkÿvi AMÖMwZ ch jvpbv Ki Z wm q `Lv hvq, wkÿvkvh µ g cö e ki ÿ Î AMÖMwZ n ji me RbxbZvi ch v q Zv cušqvqwb Ges wbw` ó `ÿzv AR bi wbwi L gv bi ÿ Î A bk NvUwZ _ K hvq ZvB 2000 mv j m bmv ji WvKvi kn i mk ji Rb wkÿvi GKwU Kg KvVv gv (Framework for Action) M nxz nq GB Kg KvVv gv Z AwfMg Zvi cwie Z wkÿvi wewfbœ avc m ú~y Kiv I wbw` ó `ÿzv AR b we kl iæz w` q cöwz ` k Kg cwikíbv MÖn Yi Avnevb Rvbv bv nq GKB mv _ RvwZms N 2000 mv j M nxz mn ªvã Dbœqb j ÿ i (Millennium Development Goal) g a wbw` ó `ÿzvmn cöv_wgk wkÿv m ú~y Kiv Ab Zg jÿ wnmv e AšÍfz ³ Kiv nq 2015 mv ji 1 g a Gme jÿ AR bi mgqmxgv wba viy Kiv nq evsjv ` k mn ªvã j ÿ i wewfbœ Dcv`v bi g a cöv_wgk wkÿvq cö_g köwy Z fwz niqvi ÿ Î Ges Q j I g q `i mgvbfv e AskMÖn Yi ÿ Î jÿ AwR Z nq wkš S i bv c o cöv_wgk ÍiwU m ú~y Kiv Ges wbw` ó `ÿzv AR bi jÿ AwR Z nqwb eq mvÿizvi ÿ Î wbiÿizv 2000 mv ji Zzjbvq AšÍZ A a K bvwg q Avbvi jÿ I AwR Z nqwb * B gwiuvm Aa vck, eª vk wek we` vjq evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx 9

2 2015 mv j mn ªvã j ÿ i mgqmxgv AwZµvšÍ niqvi ci 2030 mv ji Rb wek gq UKmB Dbœq bi 17wU Afxó wba vwiz nq GB 17wU Afx ói g a PZz_ wu n Q wkÿvi Rb mvgwmök AfxóÑÔmK ji Rb gvbm Z mgzvwfwëk I AšÍfz w³g~jk wkÿv wbwðzkiy I Rxebe vcx wkÿvq Drmvn`vbÕ wkÿvi GB ˆewk K Afxó 1990 I 2000 mv ji NvwlZ Afx ói P q D Pvwfjvlx Ges gvb, mgzv, AšÍfz w³ I Rxebe vcx wkÿvi my úó A½xKv i wewkó 1990-Gi mk ji Rb wkÿvi aviyvi m~pbv _ KB µgk mȳ úó n q D V Q h, wkÿvi gv bi welqwu wkÿve e vi wewfbœ w`k _ K wew Qbœfv e `Lv hvq bv gvb, mgzv I AšÍfz w³ IZ cövzfv e G K A b i m ½ Rwo q Av Q gvb hfv eb msávwqz nvk bv Kb, D Pgv bi Kv bv wkÿvkvh µg hw` gywó gq fvm ev bi Rb Db y³ _v K, Z e mb wkÿv K gvbm Z ejv hv e bv Zvi m ½ 2030-Gi wkÿv Afx ó Rxebe vcx wkÿvi my hvm I ms vb m wói cöwzköæwz Z gv bi aviyvq GK bzyb gvîv ms hvwrz n q Q 2030-Gi wkÿv Afx ói wewfbœ Dcv`vb I DcRxe K qkwu jÿ wnmv e ewy Z n q Q wkÿv Gi mvzwu j ÿ wkÿv Kx Ges Kb Zv e vl v Kiv n q Q wkÿvi gva g Kx AwR Z n e Zv eysv Z wkÿvi gv bi aviyv úózi Kiv n q Q D`vniY wnmv e ejv hvq, cöv_wgk I gva wgk ch v qi wkÿv webv Li P, webv ˆel g mk ji Rb cömvwiz n Z n e Ges mkj wkÿv_ x mywbw` ó wb œzg `ÿzv I hvm Zv AR b Ki e GKBfv e gvbm Z cöviw K ˆkke I cövk-cöv_wgk wkÿvi my hvm mkj wkïi Rb Db y³ n e AvÂwjK, fšmwjk, A_ bwzk, RvwZMZ, wj½ Ges cöwzewüzvmn we kl Pvwn`vi Kvi Y wkÿvi my hvm I ms v bi ÿ Î mkj ˆelg wbim bi jÿ NvwlZ n q Q mkj ZiæY I eq K jv Ki Rxeb I RxweKvi Rb h_v_ `ÿzv I hvm Zv AR bi my hvm eûjvs k cömvwiz Ki Z n e G ÿ Î `ÿzvi wba vwiz gvb iÿv Ki Z n e Ges ˆelg cwinvi Ki Z n e 2030-Gi wkÿv Afx ói mßg j ÿ wkÿv KbÑG cö kœi DËi mwbœ ewkz n q Q hv wkÿvi gv bi Av jvpbvi Rb we klfv e cövmw½k ˆewk K UKmB Dbœqb Afxómg~ ni cöwÿ Z mßg j ÿ A bk jv wel qi AeZviYv Kiv n q Q GMy jvi g a Av Q cöwzwu ZiæY I eq gvbyl mgv Ri `vwqz kxj I ˆbwZKZv m úbœ m`m n e; wek bvmwikz PZbv, mvs wzk ˆewPÎ I wfbœzv K ei Yi gvbwmkzv AR b Ki e; me gvby li m ½ GK Î I cök wzi m ½ mn-ae vb Ges kvwší I UKmB Dbœq b Ae`vb ivl e wkÿvi Kx I Kb Gi m ½ GB jÿ jv AR bi Dcv qi K_vI ejv n q Q Gai bi wzbwu Dcv qi g a Av QÑRvZxq wkÿve e vi Rb cö qvrbxq fšz AeKvVv gvi ms vb, `ÿzv I hvm Zvm úbœ h _ómsl K wkÿk wbwðz Kiv Ges D Pwkÿvi Rb DbœZ `k _ K `wi`ª ` ki Rb e wë cö`vb I my hvm m wó AvšÍR vwzkfv e Av jvwpz I M nxz wkÿvi Gme Afxó I j ÿ wkÿvi mvgwmök iƒc ilvi g a DbœZgv bi wkÿvi wewfbœ welq mwbœ ewkz n q Q evsjv `k UKmB Dbœqb 2030 I wkÿv evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx

3 Gi D Ïk I jÿ MÖnY K i Q Avgv `i ` ki Av_ mvgvwrk cwiw wz Z Gm ei cwigvr b I ev Íevq bi Kg -cwikíbv wb q mikvwi D ` v M I emikvwi AskxR bi mswkøózvq Av jvpbvmsjvc Pj Q G-wel q cöavbgš xi `ß i D Pch v qi GKRb mgš^qk wb qvm `Iqv n q Q Gme Av jvpbv-ch v jvpbvi Ask wn m e jÿ msµvší wewfbœ m~pk wby qi Rb AvšÍR vwzk GK we klá `j KvR K i Q mvzwu jÿ I wzbwu jÿ -AR b Dcv qi Rb 42wU m~pk ˆZwi Kiv n q Q RvZxq ch v q Gme m~pk vbxq cöwÿ Z cö qvrbgz cwigvwr Z K i e envi Kiv n e e j Avkv Kiv n Q gv bi wewfbœ Dcv`vb úózi Kivi Rb Ges G jv K ev Í e Kv R jvmv bv Z Gme m~pk we kl f~wgkv ivl e G cöe Üi ^í cwim i GB m~pkmg~n Ges wkÿvi gv b G jvi cövmw½kzv wb q Av jvpbv m e bq Z e G K_v úó h, Avgv `i wkÿvkvh µ g gv bi wewfbœ Dcv`v b A bk NvUwZ i q Q Ges 2 G e vcv i A bk wkqzb KiYxq Av Q welqwu Z Avgiv Avevi wd i Avme 3. mvgvwrk AMÖMwZ A_ bxwzwe` AgZ mb I Ab vb `i M elyvk g i wfwë Z hy³iv óªi GK`j mgvr-weávbx mvgvwrk AMÖMwZi msáv I m~pk wb q KvR Ki Qb nvf vw wer bm z ji Aa vck gvb Kj cvu vi 2013 mv j RvwZms Ni Dbœqb-msµvšÍ GK D Pch v qi mfvq mvgvwrk cömwzi m~pk wb q e³e `b 2014 mv j câvkwu `k wb q cö_g mvgvwrk cömwz cöwz e`b cökvk Kiv nq 2015 mv ji wøzxq cöwz e` b evsjv `kmn 134wU ` ki Z_ mwbœ ewkz nq ZvwjKvq evsjv ` ki µwgk Ae vb nq 100Zg fvi Zi vb 101-G, cvwk Ívb 122, bcvj 98, köxjskv 88, I wgqvbgvi 119 ZvwjKvi kx l Av Q bii q Ges kxl ` k i q Q DËi-BD iv ci `kmg~n Ges KvbvWv, wbdwrj vû I A ªwjqv hy³ivr 11 b ^ i Ges Rvcvb I hy³ivóª i q Q h_vµ g 15 I 16Zg Ae v b GB m~p Ki wzbwu gvîv n QÑ gšwjk gvbwek cö qvrb c~iy, RbKj v Yi wfwë ˆZwi Kiv I gvbwek m vebv c~i Yi my hvm (Basic human needs, Foundations of wellbeing, Opportunities) cöwzwu gvîvq Av Q PviwU Dcv`vb Ges m jvi m ½ mswkøó wzb _ K cuvpwu djvdjrwbz m~pk ZvwjKvf~³ `kmg~ ni Rb GKB Dcv`v bi Z_ msmön I we køl Yi `vwqz `Iqv nq GKB cöwzôvb ev M elk `j K Gfv e G jvi Zzjbvg~jK wbf i hvm Zv iÿv Kivi Póv Kiv nq mgvr cömwzi GB m~pkgvjvi ˆewkó n jvña_ bwzk Z_ -DcvË AMÖvn K i mvgvwrk Dbœq bi ÿî jv K iæz `Iqv n q Q wrwwwc-wbf i Dbœqb m~p Ki I msávi wekí wn m e GB M elyv Kvh µ gi m~îcvz mgvr cömwzi wzbwu gvîvi Dcv`vb jv wb œiƒc : gšwjk gvbwek c Ö qvrb : cwy ó I gšwjk v^ mev, cvwb I cqtwb vkb, AvkqÖ, e w³mz wbivcëv evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx 11

4 RbKj v Yi wfwë : Ávb AR b AskMÖnY, Z_ I hvmv hvm e e vq AskMÖnY, ^v I mȳ Zv, cwi ek iÿv, gvbwek m vebv m wó m vebv c~i Yi my hvm : e w³ AwaKvi, e vw³ ^vaxbzv I wm vší MÖnY, mnbkxjzv I AšÍfz w³, D PZi wkÿvq AwfMg Zv 3 Gme Dcv`vb K we epbvq i L m~pk I Z_ msmö ni c wz wba viy Kiv n q Q GKB m ½ B Uvib vkbvj c v bj Ab mvk vj c Ö MmÖ bv g dv«ýwfwëk GKwU M elk `ji GKkz st kz Ki mgvr m ú K bzbz wpšví (Rethinking society of the 21 century) wk ivbv g KvR Ki Q GKzk kz Ki ïiæ Z wek cuf~wg Z Mfxi I e vck cwiez bi cöwÿ Z mvgvwrk Rxe wn m e gvby li Rxe b bvbv cwiez b I AwfNv Zi ch v jvpbv cö qvrb Gme cwiez bi g a D jøl Kiv hvqñwek vq bi cöfv e RvwZwfwËK iv óªi `ye jzv, cöhyw³, cuywr I kö gi cvi úwik m ú K i cwiez b kög I K g wekvj iƒcvšíi, wkÿv I ^v i my hvm I djvdj fv M Mfxi AmgZv, Avq I m ú ` wewfbœ `k I Rb Mvôxi g a wecyj ˆelg Ges GKw` K ag xq I mvs wzk AvZ cwipq I Ab w` K eûgvwîk I GKgvwÎK AvZ cwip qi Ø Ø 2014 mv j GB AvšÍR vwzk M elyv K g i m~pbv nq G eqi A_ vr 2017 mv ji g a M elyv cöwz e`bwu cökv ki K_v evbkwu Aa v qi cöwz e` bi Rb 259 Rb jlk I M elk KvR Ki Qb cöv_wgk Lmov Aa vq jv gzvgz I Av jvpbvi Rb I qemvb U cökvk Kiv nq cövß gzvgz I gšíe we epbvq wb q P~ovšÍ Lmov ˆZwii KvR Pj Q GB jlvi welqe i Rb cövmw½k Aa v qi g a i q Q : Aa vq 18 - wkÿv wk mgzv I b v qi cömvi NUv Z cv i? (Can education promote equity and justice?) Aa vq 19 - MYgva g, hvmv hvm I fvlv (Media, communication and languages) Aa vq 21 - mvgvwrk cömwzi eûgvwîk w`kmg~n (The multiple directions of social progress) GB M elyvi c bi m` m i Dc `óv cwil `i mfvcwzi `vwq Z Av Qb bv ej werqx Aa vck 4 AgZ mb 4. DbœZ wkÿv I mvgvwrk cömwz DbœZ wkÿv I mvgvwrk cömwzi hvmm~î LuyR Z M j wkÿvi gv bi hme m~pk mgvr cömwzi wby vq Ki m ½ mgv_ K ev mswkøó m jvi w` K we klfv e ` wó `Iqv cö qvrb wkÿvi gvb I mgvr AMÖMwZi Dcv`vb I wby vqk h ci úimswkøó Ges wkqz ÿ Î mgv_ K Zv Dc ii Av jvpbvq cözxqgvb n q Q G wel q wek` hyw³-zk ev e vl vq bv wm q Avgiv ` ki ez gvb wkÿve e v I KvVv gvi wkqz wel q ` wó w` Z cvwi 12 evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx

5 4.1. gšwjk `ÿzv AR b cwiw wz mvaviy cöv_wgk I gva vwgk wkÿvi g~j D Ïk n Q wkÿv_ x `i Ggb wkqz `ÿzv AR b hv ciez x AvbyôvwbK I ckvmz wkÿvi wfwë ˆZwi Ki e Ges Rxebe vcx wkÿv I cö qvrbxq `ÿzv Dbœq bi Rb wkÿv_ x K cö Z Ki e ÔwkL Z klvõ, Bs iwr Z ÔLearning to learnõ, G Í ii cöavb jÿ A bk Z_ I Áv bi evsv wkÿv_ xi gv_vq XzwK q `Iqv G Í ii g~j D Ïk bq wkš GRb cö qvrb jlv, cov, wb Ri e³e cökvk Ki Z cviv, MwY Zi cöavb Kjv KŠkj AvqË Kiv Ges weávb I cwi ek m ^ Ü cöv_wgk aviyv AvniY A_ vr fvlv `ÿzv, MvwYwZK `ÿzv Ges weávb I cwi e ki cöv_wgk Ávb AR b wkÿvi GB `yb Í i iæz w` Z n e Avgv `i wkÿv Kvh µg, wkÿy-wklb I wkÿv_ x g~j vqb cöwµqv wkl Z klvi g~j jÿ K wewfbœfv e e vnz Ki Q A bk welq I Z _ i fvðvi K wkÿvµ g AšÍfz ³ K i wkl Z klvi P q GB Z_ fvðvi K iæz `Iqv n Q d j, Avgiv `L Z cvb cöv_wgk I wb œ-gva wgk cixÿvq 95 _ K 98 kzvsk cv ki nvi n ji wkÿv_ xiv Avm j Kx wkl Q m m ^ Ü Avgiv wbwðz bb cvv eb-wfwëk cixÿvi cwie Z mikvwi D ` v MB hlb `ÿzvwfwëk AR b hvpvb qi bgybv Rwic nq, Zv Z `Lv hvqcâg köwyi wkÿv_ x `i gvî 25 kzvsk evsjv fvlv I MwY Z wba vwiz wb œzg `ÿzv AR b Ki Z cv i Aóg A_ vr wb œgva wg K GK-Z Zxqvsk wkÿv_ x G `yb Riæwi wel q `ÿzv AR b Ki Q `kg I Øv`k köwy A_ vr cövk-d Pwkÿv ch v q GKB ikg Rwic mikvwifv e Kiv nqwb wkš wek we` vj qi fwz cixÿvq djvd j Ges wek we` vj qi wkÿk `i Zv `i wkÿv_ x `i AwaKvsk m ^ Ü AwfÁZv _ K ejv hvqñg ch v qi wkÿv-ar b AwZ nzvkve väk wek vq bi hy M ZiyY `i GLb AvšÍR vwzk cöwz hvwmzvq wu K _vkvi g Zv `ÿzv I hvm Zv AR b Ki Z n e c bi eqi eq mi wk kvi `i fvlv ( ` ki cöavb fvlvb G ÿ Î we ep ), MwYZ I weáv b Kx `ÿzv AR b Ki Q Zv hvpvb Gi Rb IBwmwW-Gi D ` v M AvšÍR vwzk wkÿv_ x g~j vqb Kvh µg (Programme in International Student Assessment-PISA) cwipvwjz nq cövq 70wU `k G Kvh µ g AskMÖnY Ki Q IBwmwWfz³ `kmg~n Qvov wkqy DbœwZkxj `k G Kvh µ gi Rwi c mshy³ wkš `wÿy Gwkqvi Kv bv `k G Rwi c Ask wb Q bv fvi Zi wngvpj I Zvwgjbvo ivr (wkÿvi ÿ Î AMÖmi e j ÁvZ) 2012 mv j G Rwi c Ask bq wkš me ` ki g a me wb œ dj niqvi ci fviz Rwic _ K m i Av m ga g Av qi ` ki ZvwjKvf~w³i cöz vkx wn m e PISA Rwi c AskMÖn Yi K_v evsjv ` ki we epbv Kiv DwPZ GRb GKwU cö wz ch vq cvi n Z n e GB cö wzi Rb mwvk c` ÿc wb j 5 wkÿvi gv bi e vcv i h_v_ KŠkj I D ` vm biqvi c_ Db y³ n Z cv i evsjvfvlvi Rb Me cökvk K i GLv b Av ikwu K_v ejv cö qvrb we k i ÁvbfvÐv ii c~y my hvm MÖn Yi Rb AvšÍR vwzk fvlv Bs iwri wekí bb Avgv `i ` ki gva wgk Íi ch ší wkwÿz me ZiæY K cök Z wø-fvlx n Z n e evsjv I Bs iwr Dfq fvlvq cvi`k x n Z n e G jÿ mvg b evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx 13

6 i L cöwz we` vj q Bs iwr fvlv wkÿvi Rb Dchy³ e e v MÖnY Ki Z n e GwU n e wkÿvi gv bi Ab Zg m~pk 4.2. wkÿk I wkÿvi gvb m½zfv eb ejv nq h, wkÿ Ki Ici wbf i K i wkÿvi gvb wkÿ Ki msl v Ges Zuv `i `ÿzv I hvm Zv Dfq w`k _ KB Avgiv wecbœ cöv_wgk ch v q wkÿk-wkÿv_ x Mo AbycvZ câv ki KvQvKvwQ wkš A bk we` vj q `yrb wkÿk cuvpwu köwy Z cvv`vb K ibñˆ`wbk `yb cvjvq P j Avwk kzvsk we` vjq AvšÍR vwzk wnmv e eq i AšÍZ nvrvi NÈv cvv`v bi mgq _vkv DwPZ evsjv ` k Zv A a KiI Kg gva wgk Í i AwaKvsk we` vj q MwYZ I weáv bi Rb h_v_ A vkv WwgK wwwmö I cöwkÿyavix wkÿ Ki Afve evsjv I Bs iwri Rb GKB cwiw wzñ h KvD K w` q GB welq jv Pvwj q biqv nq ejv n Q, gva wgk ch v q weávb wkÿv_ xi msl v K g Avm Q wkÿkb hw` bv _v Kb Ges GKB m ½ j ve iuwi I DcKi Yi Afve _vk j wkÿv_ x Kxfv e _vk e ev Zv `i K G e vcv i K DrmvwnZ Ki e? cöv_wgk wkÿvq 45 nvrvi c` k~b 17 nvrvi we` vj q cöavb wkÿk bb Dchy³ I hvm wkÿ Ki Afve Avgv `i wkÿve e vi GKwU KvVv gvmz mgm v G mgm v ïay ezb, gh v`v I cö Yv`bvi e vcvi bq D Pwkÿvi œvzk `i GKwU eo Ask me ` kb wkÿkzv ckvq wb qvwrz nb AwaKvsk ` kb gva wgk ch v qi ci K jr wwwmöi Í i wkÿv ckvi Rb wkÿv_ x `i wbe vwpz K i mvaviy wkÿvi m ½ wkÿv-welqk Kvm cov bv nq, hvi gqv` AšÍZ Pvi eqi Gfv e cöwz hvwmzvi wfwë Z wbe vwpz K i wkÿkzvi Rb gvbwmkfv e Ges Ávb I `ÿzvmn ZiæY `i ˆZwi Kiv nq Avgv `i ` kb ïay wkÿkzvq wb qvm cviqvi ci wkÿk `i cöwkÿ Yi my hvm K i `Iqv nq wkš wkÿkzvi ckvq Kviv Av mb? GwU AZz w³ n e bv hw` ejv nq ckv wn m e wkÿkzv (AšÍZ cöv_wgk I gva wg Ki Rb ) K jr-wek we` vjq _ K DËxY `i Rb me kl ev mvgwqk wekí cöv_wgk I gva wgk Í ii wkÿkzvq hviv Av mb, Zvu `i wmsnfvm RvZxq wek we` vj qi œvzk mvaviy wek we` vj qi œvzkiv we` vjq wkÿ Ki PvKwi wb Z cö Z bb RvZxq wek we` vjq AšÍfz ³ K jr jvi HwZnvwmK gvb I gh v`v GLb Avi bbñgk_v wbwø avq ejv hvq mv úªwzk GKwU ms vi D ` vm n Q K jr jv K Avevi mbvzbx wek we` vj qi AvIZvq wb q Avmv XvKvi mvzwu K jr XvKv wek we` vj qi m ½ hy³ Kiv n q Q GZ Kx dj n e Zv úó bq mvzwu K j Ri wkÿv_ xmsl v cöwz K j R cövq 25 nvrvi, Avi wkÿk Av Qb GMv ivk A_ vr, 150 R bi wkÿv_ x Rb GKRb wkÿk GKB m ½ köwyk ÿi Afve GLv b XvKv wek we` vjq Kx g vwrk `Lv Z cvi e Zv eysv hvq bv A hvm I A`ÿ wkÿk bzzb cörb K we` vj qi wkÿv w` Qb GivB Avevi RvZxq wek we` vj qi K jr jv _ K A`ÿ I A hvm œvzk wn m e ewi q wkÿkzvq wb qvwrz n Q 14 evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx

7 GB cvcpµ _ K ewi q Avm Z n j Ab vb ` ki g Zv wkqz c` ÿc wb Z n e D Pgva wg Ki ci cöwz hvwmzvi gva g ZiæY `i wbe vwpz K i Pvi eq ii wwwmö Kv m mvaviy wkÿvi m ½ ÔwkÿvÕ welq K AšÍfz ³ K i wkÿkzvi Rb cö Z Ki Z n e wekvj msl K wkÿk ˆZwii Rb wwwmö K jr jv Z Pvi eq ii G wkÿk cö wz Kvm Pvjy Ki Z n e cö_g ch v q GKk wwwmö K j R Dchy³ gvb iÿv K i G Kvm Pvjy n Z cv i Z e cöwzfvevb I D Pvwfjvlx ZiæY `i G Kv m Kxfv e AvK ó Kiv hv e? K jr jvi gvb hw` fv jv nq Ges cöwz hvwmzv I Dce wëi cö Yv`bv `Iqv nq, Zvn j Kvm wu AvKl Yxq n e wkÿv_ x `i Rb GKB m ½ GKwU RvZxq wkÿv mev Kvi (Naional Teaching Service Corps) cöwzôv K i Dchy³ ezb I gh v`vmn wkÿkzvi c ` GB œvzk `i wb qvm `Iqv h Z cv i 6 wkÿvi gvb Dbœqb hw` RvZxq AMÖvwaKvi nq, Zvn j G ai bi Kvh µg MÖnY Ki Z n e 4.3. ag wkÿv I ag wfwëk wkÿv ^vaxb evsjv ` ki Rb cöyxz Kz`ivZ-G-Lỳ v wkÿv Kwgk bi cöwz e` b gv`ªvmv wkÿv K ckvmz wkÿv wn m e we epbv Kiv n qwqj gv`ªvmvi msl v, we klz mikvi cwipvwjz ev mvnvh cövß gv`ªvmvi msl v, wqj bmy Gme cöwzôv b wkÿvmöny Kiv wkÿv_ xiv cvwievwik ag wkÿv`vzv, we` vj qi ag welqk wkÿk, Bgvg I gyqvw¾b Ges KvwR (weevn wbeük) BZ vw` wn m e ckvmz `vwqz b ebñgwub wqj Lỳ v Kwgk bi aviyv gv`ªvmv ev ag wfwëk wkÿv K GKwU ^Zš wewfbœ Íim úbœ mgvšíivj RvZxq wkÿve e v wn m e `Lv nqwb ag I ˆbwZK wkÿv Ges mgvšíivj ag wfwëk wkÿvi wfbœzv Lỳ v Kwgk b úó Kiv n q Q e½eüzi nz v-ciez x mg q mvgwik kvm bi m~pbv n j msweavb _ K ag wbi cÿzvi g~jbxwz cwinvi K i GKB m ½ gv`ªvmv wkÿv K mikvwi c ô cvlkzvq m úªmvi Yi my hvm K i `Iqv nq mikvi-wbqwš Z gv`ªvmv wkÿv ev W i Aaxb cöwzôvb QvovI `wk-we `wk mvnvh cyó KIwg gv`ªvmvi e vck cömvi N U cwinv mi welq, 1990 mv j MY-Av `vj bi gy L mvgwik kvm bi Aemvb NU ji gv`ªvmvi cömvi Ae vnz _v K `yb cöavb ivr bwzk Rv Ui ÿgzvq AwawôZ _vkvi mgq G e vcv i Kv bv Zdvr `Lv hvq bv 1990 _ K 2010 mvj ch ší gva wgk ch v q mikvwi mvnvh cövß gv`ªvmvi wkÿv_ xmsl v mvaviy we` vj qi wkÿv_ xi P q `o Y nv i e w cvq gv`ªvmv ev W i AšÍfz ³ cöwzôvb jvi wkÿvµg I cvv`vb AvaywbKxKi Yi Póv Kiv nq wkš Zvi dj I Kvh KvwiZv Avkve ÄK bq KIwg gv`ªvmv Z mikv ii Kv bv wbqš Y bb Ges Zviv bxwzmzfv e mikvi-av ivwcz Kv bv wkÿvµg ms v ii we ivax gva wgk ch v q gvu wkÿv_ xi AvbygvwbK GK-PZz_ vsk gv`ªvmv ev W i AšÍfz ³ cöwzôvb I KIwg gv`ªvmvq Aa qbiz KIwg gv`ªvmv I Z_vKw_Z AvaywbK gv`ªvmvi wkÿv_ xiv AvaywbK Rxeb, mgvr I RxweKvi Rb Kxfv e cö Z n Q Ges mvgvwrk AMÖMwZ Z G wkÿv Kx f~wgkv ivl Q Zv GK weivu cökœ gv`ªvmv wkÿvi ms vi I AvaywbKxKiY Kvh Kifv e Kiv hvk ev bv hvk, GwU ivóªxqfv e g b biqv n q Q hñgv`ªvmv wkÿvi Rb mikvwifv e c ô cvlkzv Pj e G ÿ Î, Lỳ v Kwgk bi cöwzcv` _ K Avgiv m i G mwq h cökœwu RvZxq wkÿvbxwz Z we ewpz nqwb Ges bxwzevsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx 15

8 wba vik `i hv wb q Av jvpbvq cöej Abxnv Zv n jvñavaywbk we` vjq I D Pwkÿv Ges gv`ªvmv wkÿvi g a mikvwi A_ vqb, c ô cvlkzv I wkÿv_ x-msl vi AbycvZ Kx n e ev niqv mgxpxb ivr bwzk I mvgvwrk cucwiez b Avgiv Ggb GK Ae v b cuš QwQ hlv b cökœwu Zvjv nq Zv ivr bwzkfv e AMÖnY hvm hw` ev Íem Z ivr bwzk Ae vb nq h ag wfwëk wkÿv eü Kiv m e ev mgxpxb bq, hw`i Zv mgvr AMÖMwZi cök ó avik I evnk bq, Z e mvaviy wkÿvi gvb DbœZ K i Ges Zv wblp vq mk ji Rb AvKl Yxq K i ZvjvB n e wkÿv_ x `i gv`ªvmv wkÿv _ K mwi q Avbvi Dcvq e nëi ivr bwzk cuf~wg Z GB jÿ Ges KŠkj mdjfv e biqv hv e wkbv Zv cökœmv cÿ mv úª`vwqk gâ ndvr Z Bmjv gi ZvwjKv a i cvv cȳ Í K cwiez b Avbv n q Q wemz ZË veavqk mikv ii Avg j kvnrvjvj wegvbe `i msjmœ PŠiv Ívq GKZviv nv Z evdj Mvq Ki ` wób `b fv h iv Zi AÜKv i mwi q biqv nq GLb Avevi mywcög Kv U i PZ i b vqwepv ii cözxk bvixg~wz i fv h AcmviY Kiv n q Q m~² wnmve-wbkvk K i Gme cðv`&c` `vwe I cöeyzv K cökª qi dj ïf n Z cv i bv GKwU Av`wk K Ae vb wb q Zv AbymiY Ki Z n e, 7 we klz wkÿvi ÿ Î 4.4. KvwiMwi I ckvmz cöwkÿy AvšÍR vwzk kög ms vi (ILO) GK wnmv e `Lv hvq, c bi _ K PweŸk eq ii evsjv `wk ZiyY `i Pwjøk kzvsk Kv bvcökvi wkÿv, Kg ev cöwkÿy ewnf ~Z Giv ` ki gvu Kg x Rb Mvôxi GKcÂgvsk ev 12 wgwjqb wkÿv ev cöwkÿ YI bb Ges K g I wb qvwrz bq (Not in Education, Employment or Training NEET) weivu msl K GB Ziæ Yiv Giv wbðq wkÿv ev cöwkÿ Y _vk Z Pvq hv Zv `i m šívlrbk RxweKvi c_ `Lv e A_ev RxweKv wbe vn hvm K g wb qvwrz n Z Pvq wkš Giv GLb mgvr Ges kögevrv i cövšírb cöwzeqi AšÍZ wek jvl ZiæY kögevrv i cö ek Ki Q G `i GK eo As ki Kg Rxe bi Rb mvaviy wkÿv ev Kv bv ckv MÖn Yi cöwkÿ Yi cö wz bb Avgv `i ` ki kögevrv ii ˆewkó, Ab vb AbybœZ ` ki g Zv, Avwk kzvs kii ewk Kg x AbvbyôvwbK A_ bxwz Z wbhy³ G Lv Zi aib n QÑGwU gvuvgywu mikvwi wbqš Yi evb i Ges GB Kg x `i AwaKvsk AwZ ^í cvwiköwg K cöwzk~j cwi e k KvR K i G `i `ÿzv AR bi e e vi AbvbyôvwbK cövwzôvwbk cöpwjz KvwiMwi I ckvmz cöwkÿy e e v G `i Kg `ÿzv AR b ev Kg Rxe b we kl Kv bv f~wgkv iv L bv A_P GivB ` ki A_ bxwz K Pvjy ivlvi g~j Kg xevwnbx ez gvb KvwiMwi I ckvmz wkÿvq I cöwkÿ Y ZiæY `i AskMÖnY Ab vb A bk ` ki Zzjbvq AcÖZzjÑgvÎ `yb _ K wzb kzvsk huzkz i q Q Zvi e e vcbv, gvb I cvvµg `ªyZ cwiez bkxj RvZxq I AvšÍR vwzk kögevrv ii Dchy³ bq ZvB ez gv b G ÿ Î h cövwzôvwbk e e v Av Q ïay Zvi m úªmviy Ki j Pj e bv Gi KvVv gv, e e vcbv I wkÿy cöwµqvi Avg~j ms vi cö qvrb Gme wb q K_v ejv n ji h _ó Kvh Ki c` ÿc `Lv hv Q bv 16 evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx

9 caö vbgšx kl nvwmbv m úwª Z `v fvm wek A_ bwzk dviv g Rvwb q Qb, evsjv ` ki gvb y li GK- ZZ xqvs ki eqm 10 _ K 24 eq ii g a AvMvgx wzb `kk a i ZvB Avbcy vwzk nv i Kgx `i msl v RbmsL vq A b i K g wbfi kxj `i _ K ewk _vk e d j A_ bwzk ceö w GwM q biqvi Rb RbmsL v gby vdvi (Population Dividend) m y hvm _vk e wkš GB m y hv Mi mø envi Ki Z n j ZiæY Kgx evwnbxi `ÿzv I Drcv`bkxjZv ew Ki Z n e A_ bwzk KgK v Ð Zv `i 8 môy fz v e wb qvwrz K i Zv `i Rxebgvb I mvgwmkö RbKj v Yi Dbqœ b NUv Z n e 4.5. wkÿv cökvmb I e e vcbv evsjv ` ki wkÿv ckö vmb I e e v cbvi wkqz PvwiwÎK ˆewkó i q Q hv AvšRÍ v wzk cpö jb _ K wfb œ - `yb jvl wkÿv cöwzôvb, Pvi KvwU wkÿv_ x I `k jvl wkÿ Ki G weivu Av qvrb AZ ší K `ªxf~Zfv e cwipvwjz nq me ` ki AvaywbK wkÿve e v e vckfv e we Kw `ªKiY Kiv n q Q, cöwzôvb I vbxq KZ cÿ K A bk `vwqz `Iqv n q Q evsjv ` k G m ú K A bk K_vevZ v n ji Kvh Ki AMÖMwZ nqwb ivravbxi Awa`ßi I gš Yvj qi c~y Avwac Z G ÿ Î we kl cwiez b Av mwb - msl vmz cömvi A bk n ji wkÿvlv Z mikvwi e qi AvšÍR vwzk ZvwjKvq wb œzg Í i evsjv `k AbybœZ `k jvi Mo nvi RvZxq Av qi cuvp kzvs ki KvQvKvwQ wkš Avgiv `yb kzvs ki Av kcv k Ave dj ^iƒc gv bi Aeÿ q GK eo g~j `Iqv n Q - wkÿv cökvmb I e e vcbvi Rb ckvmz I we klá Ávbm ^wjz Rbm ú` ˆZwi Kiv I Zuv `i `vwqz biqvi e e v bb meikg D Pc ` cökvmwbk Kg KZ v `i AwacZ, hv Ab `k _ K wfbœ ga ch v qi e e vcbv I cökvm b wkÿk `i `vwqz `Iqv nq wkš Zv `i K we klfv e cöwkwÿz K i ckvmzfv e ˆZwi Kivi h _ó my hvm bb mvaviy cökvm bi Kg KZ v `i wkÿvcökvm b hy³ niqvq AvcwË bb hw` Zvuiv wkqz AwfÁZv I A½xKvi wb q Av mb Ges `xn mgq wkÿv ÿ Î _vk Z cöwzköæwze nb wkšíy Zv nq bv ZvB `Lv hvq wkÿv mwpe, AwZwi³ mwpe I Awa`ßi gnvcwipvj Ki c ` Anin bzzb Kg KZ v - GKwU Af~Zc~e cökvmwbk e e v n Q we` vjq wkÿvi Rb `yb wfbœ gš Yvjq, hv c w_exi Kv_vI `Lv hvq bv cövk-cöv_wgk _ K cövk-wek we` vjq wkÿvi wkÿvµg, ms vb, gvb, wkÿv_ x g~j vqb I wkÿk cö wzi avivevwnkzv I mvhyr cö qvrb `yb gš Yvj qi Kvi Y wb œgva wgk Í ii lô _ K Aóg köwy ch ší me Rbxb Kivi e vcviwu GK gš Yvjq _ K Av ik gš Yvj q vbvší ii GKwU cökvmwbk mgm v wn m e `Lv n Q we` vjq wkÿvi gvb I avivevwnkzvi e e vwu MŠY n q M Q Gme weåvwší Z 1974 mv ji Kz`ivZ-G-Lỳ v Kwgk bi mycvwik AvRI ev ÍevwqZ n Q bv - gva wgk I D Pwkÿvi ms v bi wmsnfvm K emikvwi ejv hvq G A _ h, cöwzôvb jv mikvi-cwipvwjz bq wkš wkqz Abỳ vb cö`v bi gva g I wkÿk `i GK As ki ezb w` q evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx 17

10 bvbvikg wbqš Yi e e v Kiv n q Q G ÿ Î Gme wbqš Y gvbiÿvi P q Abỳ vb cö`vb I MÖn Yi wewa-wbqg cö qv M hzœevb hv AcPq I Ae e v iva Ki Z mnvqk n Q bv wkÿv ckö vm bi Gme Abb ˆewk ó i bwzevpk dj i^ ƒc A`ÿZv, AcPq I `by x wzi GK mgvnvi N U Q, hv wkÿvms vi I Dbqœ bi bvbv D ` vm K e vnz Ki Q ` ki ivr bwzk ms w Z Gme AvPvi AvPiY K g`` hvmv Q wkqy D`vniY `Iqv h Z cv i, hv m úwª Z MYgva g ckö vwkz n q Q - MZ 24 Rvbyqvwi cökvwkz msev ` Rvbv bv nq, evsjv `k KvwiMwi wkÿv ev W i wkqz Kg KZ v A _ i wewbg q gva wgk- fv Kkbv ji mb` wewµ Ki Qb wkÿv gš Yvj qi GK Z`šÍ cöwz e` b ejv n q QÑGB mb` evwyr e vck AvKv i n q Q - wkÿk I AeKvVv gvi Afv e wpwkrmv wkÿv f ½ co Q 105wU mikvwi I emikvwi gww Kj K jr c Ö qvr bi Zjz bvq A ak msl K wkÿk w` q Pvjv bv n Q 52 nvrvi wkÿv_x GB wb gœ v bi cwö Zôvb jv Z ` ki gvb y li v^ mevi `vwqz biqvi c Ö w Z wb Q - mikvwi I emikvwi wek we` vj qi gvb wb q bvbv cökœ m Ë I AviI 16wU emikvwi wek we` vj qi Aby gv`b `Iqvi cö wz Pj Q ivr bwzk cöfvekvjx e vw³iv GB Aby gv` bi Av e`b K i Qb B Zvg a 95wU Aby gvw`z emikvwi wek we` vj qi 86wU GLb Kvh µg Pvjv Q G jvi g a I 42wU Z vqx DcvPvh bb Ges gvî 12wU kz vbymv i wbr ^ K v úv m cvv`vb Ki Q - UªvÝcv iwý B Uvib vkbv ji cöwz e`b Abyhvqx, A bk jv emikvwi wek we` vjq wbw` ó A _ i wewbg q œvz Ki mb` weziy K i D³ cöwz e` b A vkv WwgK hvm Zvi cwie Z A _ i wewbg q ev ivr bwzk hvmv hv M mikvwi wek we` vj q wkÿk wb qv Mi Awf hvm DÌvwcZ nq G e vcv i wkÿk mwgwz cöwzev ` mv Pvi nb, wkš A _ i wewbg q wwwmö cö`v bi Awf hvm wb q Zuviv gšíe K ibwb wkÿv GKwU evwywr K mvgmöx Z cwiyz n q Q e emv-evwy R i `yb xwz I Ae e vcbv 9 wkÿve e vqi msµwgz n q Q gvb I mgzvwfwëk wkÿv Dbœqb `yiƒn n q D V Q 5. Dcmsnvi wkÿvi gvb I mgvr cömwz DfqB eûgvwîk cöcâ `y Uvi wg_w Œqv A bkvs k we kl cwiw wz I Avenwbf i me ÿ Î `y Uvi ms hvm cöz ÿ ev mivmwi bq Ges Zv MvwYwZK wnmv e wbiƒcy hvm bq wkš mvgwmökfv e gvbm úbœ wkÿvi iæz Ab ^xkvh e w³ gvby li I mgv Ri m`m wnmv e Zvi `ÿzv, hvm Zv, ÿgzvqb, wb Ri cwiw wz I m vebv wb q wepvi-we køly I ^vaxb wpšívi ÿî cömvwiz Kivi Rb cövwzôvwbk wkÿvq I Rxebe vcx wkÿvq AskMÖnY Acwinvh wkÿv Dbœqb I mgvr cömwz Df qb cöavb gvckvwv gvbwek AwaKvi I gh v`vmn ^vaxbfv e cö Z Ki eûgvwîk AvZ cwipq NvlYvi my hvm 18 evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx

11 Z_ m~î (D jø Li µg Abymv i) 1. Government of Bangladesh (2015). EFA 2015 National Review. UNESCO, Asia- Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok. th 2. CAMPE CPD (2016). Framework for Action - Reaching Education 2030: 7 Five Year Plan and Beyond. Dhaka: Campaign for Popular Education and Center for Policy Dialogue. th 3. The Economist (2013). Beyond GDP. 18 April, 2013: Peter, Michael E. (2015). Social Progress Index International Panel on Social Progress. th 5. Ahmed, Manzoor (2017). Reaching Education Can the 7 Five Year Plan Lay the Ground? The Independent. Supplement on Our education: Progress, challenges and looking ahead, December 31, CAMPE (2015).Quality Education- Teachers for the Next Generation. Dhaka: Campaign for Popular Education. 7. Ahmed, Manzoor (2016). The Education System in Riaz, Ali and Rahman, Sajjaur (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh, Ch. 27. London: Routledge. 8. Ahmed, Manzoor (2017). Technical/Vocational Education: Just Expansion is Not the Answer. The Daily Star special anniversary supplement, 22 February, Haque, Nurul A.N.M. (2017). Business in Education The Sun, 7 February, evsjv `k wk v mvgwqkx 19