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3 Dr. Narendra Dabholkar's first book in English Understanding the Anti-superstition Movement The Case for Reason Translated by Suman Oak Published by Context, an imprint of Westland Publications. Pages 300, Rs. 700 Part 1 : 9 Chapters The Theoretical Basis of the Anti-Superstition Movement Part 2 : 20 Chapters ANIS and its Campaigns {V{ amvyzr VoOmH$S>o m amr>r nwñvh$mmm hm AZwdmX Amho. Available at Sadhana Media Center 431, Shaniwar peth, Pune Ph. : mediasadhana@gmail.com 3

4 g ñwmnh$ g nmxh$ gmzo JwéOr (ñwmnzm 15 Am JñQ> 1948) A Va J Date of issue 10 Zmoìh ~a Vo 1 {S>g ~a 2018 df 72 / A H$ : g nmxh$ : {dzmox {eagmr> gh mojr g nmxh$ S>i : A^ {Q>iH$, AVwc XoD$iJmdH$a Zmoha OmYd, a{p m nq>oc _win ð> amzm d A H$ _m S>Ur : {Jare ghò~wõo (n VàYmZ Zohê$ nm{h$ñvmzà m ^oq>rcm {ZKmco Voìhm {X rà m nmc {d mzvimda 26 E{àc 1950 amoor KoVcoco N>m m{mì) Om{hamV _m S>Ur d A H$ {Z{_ Vr : gwaoe _mzo _w{ðvemoyz> : {_qcx ~moah$a ho gmám{hh$ _wðh$, àh$meh$ ho V ZmB H$Zdao `m Zr AmZ X cmq>h$a, H$m ån-qàq> H$ënZm àm.{c.>, nwuo 30 `owo N>mnyZ gmyzm gmám{hh$, 431 e{zdma nor>, dra mévr Mm H$, nwuo `owo àh$m{ev Ho$co. gmyzm H$m`m c`rz ghh$mar gwaoe _mzo, _Zmoha nmq>rc, n[avmof JmoS>~moco, Jmonmi Zodo, gwdum XoR>o, {dzm`h$ gs>oh$andma, gm[ah$m H$mdS>o, ^r me H$a ^mos>}, JwUd V OmYd, gwxm gmzn, ñdaxm AamUHo$, YZmOr amd$v. {deof ghh$m JUnVamd nmq>rc, XÎmm dmýðo, Oo. ~r. nmq>rc, ^yfu à^y Am{U gmyzm {_Ì_ S>i XÿaÜdZr : dj Ur, nîmm d A H$mg ~ Yr, (020) / Mob. : weeklysadhana@gmail.com / web.weeklysadhana.in gmyzm _r{s>`m g Q>a (nwñvh$ {dh«$s H $Ð) (020) dm{f H$ dj Ur : EH$ dfm gmr>r : é. 700, XmoZ dfmªgmr>r : é VrZ dfmªgmr>r : é (A H$mV ì`º$ Pmcoë`m gd M _Vm er g nmxh$ gh_v AgVrcM Ago Zmhr.) (A H$mVrc gd N>m m{mìo B Q>aZoQ>dê$Z gm^ma.) 13 {h mc mà m Hw$erV, ^mfoà m àm VmV am M Ð Jwhm 23 Jm Yr-Am ~os>h$a : cìh-hoq> [acoez{en har ZaHo$ 29 Zohê$ EH$Q>o Am{U EH$mH$s hmovo Voìhm... gwaoe ÛmXerdma 4

5 37 Zohê $À m ^oq>rcm cmb í m hmamo gwxrn R>mHy$a 73 AmQ> A ÝS> hm Zr (H$bm Am{U gm hmx ) ear $m {doirdmcm 47 Q> >oìha Zmoìhm : ~m Z A H«$mB rzm H${U H$ 87 gwyra H$ $a : Z-AaÊ mà m emoymv AVwc XoD$iJmdH$a 57 S>ocm OÝ evmpãx{z{ Îm Ho$coco ^mfu ~amh$ Amo~m m 109 "ñdmyrz' {dxþfrmo Zmok qmvz {dz hs>uh$a dj UrXmam gmr>r gymzm :- gmyzmà m dm{f H$ dj UrXmam Zm 27 Am ³Q>mo., 3 Zmoìh., 10 Zmoìh., ho VrZ A H$ AZwH«$ o ~mchw$ ma, wdm d w» {Xdmir A H$ åhuyz nmr>{dê mv Amcoco AmhoV. mz VaMo VrZ A H$ à{gõ hmouma ZmhrV. 8 {S>g ~anmgyz {Z { VnUo A H$ à{gõ hmovrc. 5

6 ñwmnê`m g_vm em Vr R>odwZr ewõ gmyzm & H$[aVr gmyzm Ë`m Zm R>odmo CËñ\y$V gmyzm g nmxh$s {j{vomda 80 {XgVmhoV... H$mcÀ m 15 Am JñQ>cm gmyzm gmám{hh$mzo 70 df} nyu Ho$cr. gmyzmà m n{hë m A H$mVrc g nmxh$s mv, gmzo JwéOtZr {c{hco hmovo, "{df Vm Am{U d a^md Zï> H$aÊ mmr Wmoa gmyzm AmnUmg H$amd mmr Amho, m Ü o mzo ho gmám{hh$ OÝ KoV Amho.' JwéOtÀ mz Va AmMm OmdS>oH$a, amdgmho~ nq>dy Z Am{U XþZmW WÎmo m g nmxh$m À m ZoV ËdmImcr gmyzmmr am ß hmoëgdr dmq>mmc Pmcr Voìhm åhuoo gmyzmcm 25 df} nyu Pmcr Ë m A H$mV, gxmz X dx} m Zr {c{hcoë m g nmxh$s coimmo erf H$ hmovo "Amåhr Y«wdmMo mìrh$'. Ë mz Va gmyzmmm gwdu hmoëgd Amcm, åhuoo 50 ì m dfmªv gmyzmzo nxmn U Ho$co VoìhmÀ m g nmxh$s mv dg V ~mnq> m Zr {c{hco, "XodmenW gm JVmo, Amåhr amo ±{Q>H$ AmhmoV!' Am{U gmyzmzo gmr>mdo åhuoo hrah$ hmoëgdr df nyu Ho$co Voìhm S>m.Za Ð Xm^mocH$am Zr g nmxh$s mv åhq>co hmovo, "Oar m dv mzmcm H$ioZm A wmr ^mfm, {dom KoD$Zr oumè m {nt>çm er ~mocvmo Amåhr...' gmam e H$m Va, Ü o dmx Am{U AmXe dmx hm gmyzmmm Jm^m H$m am{hcm Amho. AWm VM, Ë mv Aì dhm VoMo Am{U ^m~s>onummo A e hmovo, AmhoV; nu J Ë mm {ZH$fmda {dmma Ho$cm Va ñdv Ì ^mavmmo g {dymz H$m gm JVo? g {dymzmà m àmñvm{dh$m Ü o gmd ^m, g modmxr, Y {Zanoj cmoh$emhr, JUamÁ KS>dÊ mmm {ZYm a Am{U gdmªzm ñdmv Í, Ý m, g mzvm, ~ YwËd àd{y V H$aÊ mmm g H$ën hm H$m àh$ma Amho? mv AmXe dmx Am{U Ü o dmx AmhoM! Am{U AWm VM, Ho$di ì mdhm[ah$ Ñï>rZo d m {XV H$joVM {dmma H$ê$ nmhumè m Zm Ë mv ^m~s>onum {Xgoc, wq>mo{n m {Xgoc. na Vw g {dymzmvrc Á m yë m Mm n[anmof H$aÊ mmr enw ^mavr ZmJ[aH$m Zr KoUo Ano{jV Amho, Vo nmhvm gmyzmà m nyd gwatmr XÿaÑï>r ñdàn> Amho, AgmM {ZîH$f H$mT>mdm cmjvmo. åhuoo Yw«dmMo mìrh$, amo ±{Q>H$ Am{U {dom KoD$Z oumè m {nt>çm er ~mocumao cmoh$ gd àh$mamr {df Vm d d a^md Zï> H$aÊ mmo ñdßz Zmhr ~mijuma Va H$m H$aUma? AWm VM, m gdmªzm mmr nyu OmUrd hmovr H$s, ì º$sMm H$m H$mi H$mhr XeH$m Mm AgVmo, g mommm Am{U amï >m Mm B{Vhmg AZoH$ evh$m Mm AgVmo. Ë m wio {Xem {ZpíMV hmovr, ZmV H$gcmhr g ^«ZìhVm. Aem nmíd ^y rda Ë mm {XeoZo A{YH$ JVrZo àdmg H$aÊ mgmr>r Amåhr à ËZerc AmhmoV Am{U AmVm {j{vomda 80 Mm Q>ßnm ñnï> {XgVmo Amho, ghogmonm ^mgvmo Amho. åhuoo nwt>rc Xhm dfmªà m dmq>mmcrv H$m H$am cm hdo, H$m Q>mim cm hdo mmr ñnï>vm Va AmhoM; nu Oo Ano{jV Amho Vo H$go KS>dyZ AmUm Mo m~m~v H$gcmhr g ^«Zmhr. gmyzmcm 60 df} nyu Pmcr Voìhm S>m.Za Ð Xm^mocH$a g nmxh$ hmovo Am{U gmyzmà m A V hmoëgdr dmq>mmcrgmr>r H$mhr XrK H$mcrZ hovy g moa R>odyZ Ë m Zr H$m H«$ -CnH«$ hmvr KoVco hmovo. Joë m Xhm dfmªv Ë mvrc {H$Vr eñdr Pmco, {H$Vr AY eñdr Pmco, {H$Vr AÚmn AnyU AmhoV, m~m~vmo Vnerc gmyzmvyz doimodoir od$z Joco AmhoV. Ë m gdmªvyz Ü dvu gyì AYmoao{IV hmovo Vo hom H$s, mü m À m H$mocmhcmVhr gmyzmgma» m {Z VH$m{cH$m Mr JaO nydunojm 6

7 OmñV Amho. gå H$-gH$mamË H$ Am{U {dícofumë H$-{M{H$ËgH$ coizmmr JaO A{YH$m{YH$ {Z m U hmov Amho. AWm VM, AmìhmZo AZoH$ AmhoV, nu AZwHy$cVm d g Yr OmñV Amho. Ë m wio H$V ì ~OmdÊ mcm Am{U H$V ~Jmar {gõ H$am cmhr A{YH$m{YH$ dmd Amho. Agmo. hmamï >m Ü o {Xdmir A H$m Mr evh$^ammr na nam {H$Vr g Õ Amho, ho Amnë mcm mhrv Amho. nu Ë mvrc Ac{jV wôm hm Amho H$s, {Xdmir A H$m YyZ Ë m Ë m {Z VH$m{cH$m Mr, g ñwomr A{^ê$Mr dm g ñh $Vr à{vq~{~v Pmcocr {XgVo, Ë m Mo ñq>oq> Q>hr Ë mv A{c{IV ê$nmv ov AgVo. gmyzmmo {Xdmir A H$hr Ë mcm AndmX ZgVmV. Joë m nmm dfmªnmgyz Va gmyzmmo ~mchw$ ma, wdm d àm T> Aem VrZ d mojq>m Zm g moa R>odyZ VrZ ñdv Ì {Xdmir A H$ H$mT>co OmVmV. Ë m gdmªà m Ü o Ame -{df m Mr {d{dyvm Agcr Var Am V[aH$ gyì n o$ AgVo. Amnë m dmmh$m Mr g mom{^ wi OrdZÑï>r d {ddoh$s OrdZe cr A{YH$ {dh${gv ìhmdr Agm Vmo à ËZ AgVmo. Vmo à ËZ {H$Vr eñdr dm A eñdr hmovmo, m~m~v V{^ÞVm Agy eh$vo, nu à ËZ mì VgmM AgVmo ho Iao! m dfuà m {VÝhr {Xdmir A H$m VyZ dmmh$m À m H$jm amï >m~mhoa Omì mv Agm à ËZ OmUrdnyd H$ Ho$cocm Amho. ~mchw$ ma d wdm A H$m YyZ Vmo à ËZ A{YH$ c{cvaå Pmcm Amho, àñvwv {Xdmir A H$mV Oam OmñVrMm J ^ra gya cmjcocm Amho. na Vw Ago A H$ AmH$mamcm ovmv, Ë mv OmUrdnyd H$ Ho$coë m à ËZm Mm Ogm dmq>m AgVmo, VgmM g^modvmcà m n[apñwvrzo {Z m U Ho$cocm aoq>mhr H$mhrEH$ ^y{ H$m ~OmdV AgVmo. Ë m wiom {ZgJ, n m dau, gm{hë, H$cm-g ñh $Vr, g mommo ~XcVo mzg Am{U Amdí H$ g mo~xcm gmr>rmo ZoV Ëd BË mxr KQ>H$m Zm hm A H$ ZwgVmM ñne H$aUmam ZgyZ, H$mhr Zdr XmcZo Iwcr H$ê$Z XoUmam Pmcm Amho. m dfumr EH$ {deofvm hr Amho H$s, ~mchw$ ma, wdm d w» m {VÝhr {Xdmir A H$m Yrc Odinmg AYm dmq>m nmm VéUm Zr CMccm Amho. g H$ën JwO a, Zrcoe mos>h$, {hzmh$m ga ImZ, {Xnmcr AdH$mio Am{U gm{ox BZm Xma m VéUmB Zo coiz, eãxm H$Z, AZwdmX, g nmxz m AmKmS>çm da CÎm àh$mao H$m Ho$co Amho. mnwt>rc H$mimV VéUmB Mm dmq>m A{YH$m{YH$ dmt>vm amhrc. gmyzmmo H$m H«$ d CnH«$ am~dvmzm JwUmË H$ d g» më H$ dmt> m XmoÝhtda cj H ${ÐV hmob c, Ü o dmx d ì mdgm{ H$Vm m Mr nañnanyah$vm d qõjv hmov OmB c, V ÌkmZ Am{U go ZercVm m Mr wvr A{YH$m{YH$ n $s hmov OmB c, {dídmgmh Vm Am{U Am{W H$ ñw m Xmohm Mohr ~moq> gmosy>z MmcUma Zmhr, m gdmªmo ^mz R>odmdo cmjoc. ho gd H$aVm Amco Va 80 Mm Q>ßnm oê mà m AmVM {j{vomda 100 Mm AmH$S>m {Xgy cmjoc. m gd à{h«$ ogmr>r gmyzmmo {dídñv S>i nyu "V ma' Amho. coih$, H$m H$V} Am{U {d{dy joìm Vrc chmz-wmoa ghh$m H$am cm nwt>o ov AmhoV. Ë m wio, gmyzmv H$m H$aUmao H$m m c rz ghh$mar Am{U n[akmda amhÿz àë j dm AàË j gh^mj XoUmao m gdmªzm Amnë m ew^oàn>m hì m AmhoV. 7

8 gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmv gmyzm {deof dmvm 1. hmamï > $md $S>oeZ (A o[ah$m) nwañh$ma : 2018 A o[aho$v ñwm{ H$ Pmcoë m amr>r mugm Zr ñwmnz Ho$coë m " hmamï > $mc S>oeZ' m g ñwoà m dvrzo, mjrc 24 dfmªnmgyz amr>r gm{hë d hmamï >mvrc g moh$m m joìm V H$m H$aUmè m ì º$s Zm dm g ñwm Zm, Ë m À m C oizr d AZwH$aUr mojxmzmgmr>r nwañh$ma XoD$Z Jm a{dco OmVo m dfumo gm{hë d g moh$m m XmoÝhr joìm Vrc { iyz AmR> nwañh$ma {dvarv H$aÊ mgmr>rmm g ma ^, a{ddma 27 OmZodmar 2019 amoor, Xþnmar 2 Vo 4 d gm H$mir 5 Vo 8 m doiov nwuo owo hmouma Amho. g ma ^mmo ñwi, à wi nmhþuo d nwañh$maàmá ì º$s/g ñwm ho gd Vnerc {S>g ~aà m n{hë m AmR>dS>çmV Omhra Ho$co OmVrc. Ho$ed Jmoao ñ mah$ Q >ñq> ( w ~B ) d gmyzm Q >ñq> (nwuo) m À mh$sy>z g wº$nuo m nwañh$mam Mo g mooz Ho$co OmV Amho. 3. {ZdS>H$ Hw$ ma gmyzm 2. VrZ {X½Xe H$m Mr wcmiv S>m.gwaoe VcmR>r m À m nwt>mh$mamvyz, hmamï > $mc S>oeZ (A o[ah$m) m À m dvrzo mjrc XmoZ dfmªnmgyz, AmOÀ m VéUmB gmr>r EH$m {deof wcmivrmo Am mooz wdh${xzmà m nmíd ^y rda Ho$co OmVo. XmoZ dfmªnydu A{Zc AdMQ>, A^ ~ J, AmZ X ZmS>H$Uu m VrZ S>m ³Q>mam Mr EH${ÌV wcmiv {ddoh$ gmd V m Zr KoVcr hmovr. Joë m dfu OmZoída wio (Am.E.Eg) hoe ^mjdv (Am.nr.Eg.) d àoaum Xoe^«Vma (Am.E.Eg) m VrZ àemgh$s A{YH$mè m Mr wcmiv {Z{Ic dmjio m Zr KoVcr hmovr. m dfu VrZ {gzo{x½xe H$m Mr EH${ÌV wcmiv Jidma, 29 OmZodmar 2019 amoor gm H$mir 6 dmovm, nwuo owrc {Q>iH$ ñ mah$ {XamV hmouma Amho. VrZ {X½Xe H$ d wcmiv KoUmar ì º$s hr Zmdo {S>g ~a Ü o Omhra Ho$cr OmVrc Vo 1968 Aer ~mam df} A{Ve {Z { VnUo gmzo JwéOr O VrÀ m {Z{ ÎmmZo (11 OyZ) gmyzm gmám{hh$mmo Hw$ ma {deofm H$ à{gõ Ho$co Joco. Ë m {deofm H$mV chmzm À m coizmmm EH$ {d^mj Am{U mor>çm Zr {c{hcoë m coizmmm Xþgam {d^mj Ago. m Xþgè m {d^mjmv lr.. mq>o, h rx XcdmB, XþJm ^mjdv, {X.Ho$. ~os>oh$ma, {do V Sw>cH$a Aem AZoH$ Zm d Vm Zr coi, Jmoï>r {c{hë m hmoë m. Ë mvrc {ZdS>H$ 25 Jmoï>r/coI m Mm g J«h, Ë mvrc yi aoim{mìm gh ({ZdS>H$ Hw$ ma gmyzm) o-oyz 2019 Ü o gmyzm àh$mezmh$sy>z nwñvh$ê$nmzo ov Amho. 8

9 myzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm 4. cmc í m ehm ñdmv Í mz Va Am{XdmgtMo àíz AO S>çmda AmUÊ mgmr>r Oo Am{Xdmgr ZoVo {deof {Zð>oZo H$m av am{hco, Ë mv cmc í m ehm m Mm g mdoe hmovmo. Ü àxoe, N>ÎmrgJS> d hmamï > m VrZ amá m À m gr mdvu àxoemv cmc í m hmamo H$m H$arV hmovo. Vo EH$Xm ImgXma Va XmoZXm Am Xma åhuyz {ZdSy>Z Amco hmovo. {VÝhr doim Ë m Zr (H $Ð d amá gah$mao Am{XdmgtÀ m àízm H$S>o Xþc j H$aVmV mmm {ZfoY åhuyz) {ZdSy>Z Amë mda WmoS>çmM H$mimV amorzm o {Xco hmovo. Aem m cmc í m ehm m Mo M[aÌ Aä mg d g emoyz H$ê$Z "A a COmcm' m qhxr X {ZH$mMo g nmxh$ gwxrn R>mHy$a m Zr qhxr ^mfov {c{hco Amho. m nwñvh$mmm amr>r AZwdmX M ÐH$m V ^m Omi m Zr Ho$cm AgyZ, Vo gmyzm àh$mezmà m dvrzo {S>g ~a 2018 Ü o g ma ^nyd H$ àh$m{ev hmouma Amho. 6. "Pw S>rMo mzgemó' Am{U "S>mH $Zog A Q> ZyZ' 5. "Zmam Ur ' Am{U " mpr dmq>mmc' ZmZmgmho~ Jmoao d J.à.àYmZ m Mr AmoiI ^mavr ñdmv Í ct>çmvrc g {ZH$, amoh$s -gm m{oh$ joìmvrc ZoVo, c{cv d d Mm[aH$ coiz H$aUmao gm{hpë H$ Aer ~arm H$mhr Amho. Ë m XmoKm À m ì [º$ ÎdmMm Jm^m d AmdmH$m g OyZ KoÊ mgmr>r Ë m Mr AZwH«$ o "Zmam Ur ' d " mpr dmq>mmc' hr nwñvho$ {deof hîdmmr AmhoV. hr XmoÝhr nwñvho$ gmyzm àh$mezmh$sy>zm Amcr AmhoV. nu Jocr H$mhr df} CncãY Zgcoë m m XmoÝhr nwñvh$m À m Zì m Amd Î m o$~«wdmar- mm 2019 Ü o gmyzm àh$mezmh$sy>z Zì m ê$nmv àh$m{ev hmovrc. "Zdr {j{voo'h$ma {dídmg nmq>rc m Zr WmoS>oM nu A{Ve ycjm r {dmma H$am cm cmdumao coiz Ho$co. Ë mv "Pw S>rMo mzgemó' hr coi mcm {deof hîdmmr hmovr. "X H«$mD$S>' Am{U "Q > {~{cìha' m XmoZ B J«Or nwñvh$m À m AmYmao Vr coi mcm {c{hcr hmovr. Z Va Vr coi mcm nwñvh$ê$nmzo Amcr, nu Jocr H$mhr dfo} Vo nwñvh$ AmD$Q> Am $ qàq> Amho. {edm, AmW a H$moñca m À m "S>mH $Zog A Q> ZyZ' m B J«Or H$mX ~armm {dídmg nmq>rc m Zr Ho$cocm AZwdmX "Zdr {j{voo' Ì m{gh$mmm EH$ g nyu A H$ åhuyz à{gõ Ho$cm hmovm, Vmo nwñvh$ê$nmzo H$YrM Amcocm Zmhr. AmVm "Pw S>rMo mzgemó' Am{U "S>mH $Zog A Q> ZyZ' hr XmoÝhr nwñvho$ gmyzm àh$mezmh$sy>z mm 2019 Ü o ov AmhoV. AmOÀ m amoh$s -gm m{oh$ n[apñwvrv hr nwñvho$ nwt>o AmUUo A{YH$ Am {MË nyu R>aUma Amho. 9

10 gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm {deof dmvm & gmyzm gmám{hh$ gmyzm : {S>{OQ>c AH$m Bìh gmyzm gmám{hh$mmo mjrc 70 dfmªà m A H$mMo {S>{OQ>m PoeZ nydum Pmcoco Amho. nu AmYrÀ m 58 dfmªmo A H$ ñh $Z Ho$coco AmhoV, Va Z VaÀ m 12 dfmªmo A H$ nrs>re $ Ü o CncãY AmhoV. Ë m wio Ë m XmoÝhr àh$mamvrc A H$m À m nwzdm namcm d àgmamcm AZoH$ m Xm ovmv. Ë m m Xm Amocm S>Ê mgmr>r "{S>{OQ>c AH$m Bìh' àh$ën hmvr KoV AmhmoV. n{hë m Q>ßß mv AcrH$S>À m 12 dfmªmo gd 600 A H$ (åhuoo Odinmg ghm homa coi) w{zh$mos> Ü o AmUm Mo Am{U J coih$ d {df mzwgma Ë m Mo djuh$au H$ê$Z, Vo gd coi do~gmb Q>da AncmoS> H$am Mo. Ë m wio Aä mgh$ d g emoyh$ m Mr ~arm gmo hmouma Amho Am{U w» åhuoo Ë mvrc coim Mm nwzdm na, àmma-àgma A{YH$ gwc^ d OcX hmouma Amho. 8. gmyzmvrc gdm}îm 100 gmyzm gmám{hh$mà m gmr> dfmªà m A H$mVrc {ZdS>H$ coim Mm, AmR> I S>m Mm J«Wg M 2007 Ü o àh$m{ev Pmcm hmovm. Ë mz VaÀ m Xhm dfmªvrc nmmeo A H$m Ü o, chmz- mor>o Ago nmm homa coi à{gõ Pmco AmhoV. Ë mvrc H$mhr A H$ Am{U coi mcm m Mr nwñvho$ Amcr AmhoV. Cd [av gms>omma homa coim Yrc gdm}îm 100 coi nmm I S>m Ü o Am JñQ> 2019 Ü o àh$m{ev H$aUma AmhmoV. 9. gmyzmvrc {ZdS>H$ coi B J«OrV gmyzm gmám{hh$mvyz df ^amv { iyz Odinmg 500 coi à{gõ hmovmv, Ë mvrc H$mhr coi Ago AgVmV H$s, Vo B J«OrV AZwdmX Ho$co Va A amr>r dmmh$ Am{U amr>r OmUUmao (nu amr>r Z dmmumao) B J«Or dmmh$ m Zm dmmm cm AmdS>Vrc. {edm, H$mhr coizmvrc {ddomz-{dícofu Ago AgVo H$s, Vo B J«Or gm{hë dvw imv qh$dm {dmma{dídmv nmohmomco Va A{YH$ Cn wº$ R>aoc. åhuyz Xadfu Ago gmymauv: 50 coi B J«OrV AZwdmX H$ê$Z Vo gmyzmà m do~gmb Q>da Q>mH$co OmUma AmhoV. mjrc XmoZ-VrZ dfmªvrc {ZdS>H$ 50 coim Mo AZwdmX, OmZodmar 2019 Ü o gmyzmà m do~gmb Q>da AncmoS> H$ê$Z m CnH«$ mmm àma ^ hmob c Am{U Z Va àë oh$ AmR>dS>çmcm EH$ B J«Or coi do~gmb Q>da ob c. 10. gmyzmà m dj UrV dmt> gmyzm gmám{hh$mmo df ^amv { iyz 48 A H$ à{gõ hmovmv; Ë mv VrZ {Xdmir A H$ (~mchw$ ma, wdm, w» ) Am{U nmm AÝ {deofm H$ AgVmV. {Z { V Mmirg A H$ àë oh$s 44 nmzm Mo AgVmV, {deofm H$ Am{U ~mchw$ ma d wdm A H$ 44 Vo 80 nmzm Mo AgVmV, Va {Xdmir A H$ gmymauv: 200 nmzm Mm AgVmo. ho gd A H$ dj UrXma dmmh$m Zm àë oh$ AmR>dS>çmcm nmoñq>mûmao nmr>{dco OmVmV. mjrc XmoZ dfmªnmgyz gmyzm gmám{hh$mmr dm{f H$, Û dm{f H$ d Ì m{gh$ dj Ur AZwH«$ o 700, 1400 d 2100 én o BVH$s Amho (31 {S>g ~a 2018 n ªV mm XamZo dj Ur ñdrh$macr OmB c). AmVm Ë mv WmoS>r dmt> H$arV AmhmoV. 1 OmZodmar 2019 nmgyz gmyzm gmám{hh$mmr dm{f H$, Û dm{fh$ d Ì dm{f H$ dj Ur AZwH«$ o 800, 1600 d 2400 én o BVH$s hmob c.

11 YZm àh$m{ev Pmco 50 dfmªnydu gmyzm gmám{hh$mvyz à{gõ Pmcocr coi mcm AmVm nwñvh$ê$nmv nmzo 140 & qh$ V 150 én o à^mh$a nmü o E{àc 1967 Vo mm 1968 m df ^amv gmyzm gmám{hh$mvyz à^mh$a nmü o m Zr "Agohr {dûmz' m erf H$mMr EH$nmZr coi mcm H«$ e: df ^a {c{hcr hmovr. Ë mvyz Ë m Zr OJ^amVrc Ë m Zm ^oq>coë m {d{dy joìm Vrc 99 {dûmzm À m m{ H$ AmR>dUr c{cvaå e crv gm {JVë m AmhoV. Ë mvrc {ZdS>H$ 75 AmR>dUtMm g J«h. àmñvm{dh$ d ViQ>rnm : g H$ën JwO a {d^mj 1 : ^mavr {dûmz S>m. Am ~os>h$a & nwê ícmoh$ ao & S>m. X m H $îu & AmMm OmdS>oH$a & nw. b. Xoenm S>o & {X. ~m. moh$mer o. nw. aojo & H$dr gwyrz XÎm & ~mbm Ð amoz² & H$m «os> S>m Jo & S>m. Oo. gor>ro & YZ O amd JmS>Jri & àmo. hþ m yz H$~ra S>m. bmo{h m S>m. amymh $îuz² & S>m. M~² & AemoH$ ohvm & àm. ZmZmgmho~ ZmaiH$a & H $îu M VÝ & E. Ama. O H$a AÀ wvamd nq>dy Z & gr. S>r. Xoe wi & Odmhabmb Zohê$ & S>m. J.. {MQ>Urg & bmo{h m-am ~os>h$a ~r. Q>r. au{xdo XÎmm Xoe wi & AZ V H$mUoH$a & àm. a. nw. nq>dy Z & AmMm ZaoÝÐ Xod & ZmZmgmho~ MmnoH$a àmo. amo H $îu & O àh$me Zmam U {d^mj 2 : Am{e m r {dûmz Hw${H«$V à moo & E. Ho$. ~«mohr & àmo. Zmå~mam {ejoê & {bz wvm J & C m±j m±j & S>m. hmogo {dë $mz & gvz ehara h X ZmËgra & C ~m ñdo & hmogo{ $Zm H$m ÝñQ>m {Q>Zmo & S>m. nwam gmývm{bzmo H$móoÝgo & mo»vma bw~rg & ãb {X{ a Xo{X oa amcb Jbmnyg & C Wm Q> & C MmZ Qy>Z & {gar JwUqgho & dramë mo gw{h$vmo & gmoomv moh$mo & ½V Jyb Amgm {d^mj 3 : nmímmî {dûmz àmo. Ooamo_ ~«yza & bwb { $ea & mjm aoq> { $ea & pñq>ìhz H$Z a & ³g ãb H$ & Om O Ho$ZmZ & h~ Q> nmgrz moamo ~J a mëh$ "E³g' & ³g B ñq> Z & ga Am gm m ~{b Z & ~m~}b BÝhoëS>a & àmo. [ams> J«oJar H$mb {à~ «& àmo. S>ãë y. EM. Wm n & S>m. ES>dS> {eëg & am ~Q> Jmo{hZ & opëìhz bmñh$s & AmW a H$moEñba pñq> $Z ñnoês>a & {ZH$mobg Z~m H$m ìh & JwÞa { S>m b g nh $$ : gmyzm àh$mez 431 e{zdma nor>, nwuo 30 $moz

12 2 cmi 12 homa àvtmr {dh«$s Pmcr 28 homa àvtmr {dh«$s Pmcr 12

13 ram~oz gacm~oz am M Ð Jwhm ram~oz Am{U gabm~oz `m À`mà muom M S>ràgmX ^Å> Am{U gw Xabmb ~hþjwum `m VmMo hmovo H$s, {h mb`m Ü`o mzdmmm H$ rv H$ r hñvjon AgUo hm wôm $º$ Am{W H$ d n`m daur` ÑîQ>çmM Zmhr, Va gm ñh ${VH$ ÑîQ>çmXoIrb hîdmmm Amho. H$maU `mm nd Vam Jm Ü`o ^mavmà`m gdmªv n{dì mzë`m OmUmè`m ZÚm Mr CJ ñwmzo AmhoV. Z VaÀ`m H$mimVrb n`m daur` bt>m C^maUmè`m H$mhr ì`º$s ZrXoIrb ^mavmmr gdmªv n{dì ZXr- J JoÀ`m ZmdmZo hmoumam {dzme Wm ~dê`mgmr>r à`ëz Ho$bo. [ams> A Q>Z~am À`m "Jm Yr' (1982) `m {MÌnQ>m wio S>brZ ñbos> `m Mr H$Wm gd Ì à{gõ Pmbr. EH$m {~«{Q>e A S>{ abmr wbjr Agboë`m S>brZ `m Zr ^mavmv `ovmm hmë m Jm YtÀ`m Midirer ñdv bm OmoSy>Z KoVbo. BVHo$M Zmhr, Va Ë`m Zr Amnbo Zmd ~XbyZ ram~oz Ago Ho$bo Am{U ñdmv Í` Midirer g ~ {YV AZoH$ Am XmobZm Ü`o ^mj KoD$Z {H$Ë`oH$ doim Vwé Jdmghr ^mojbm. EH$m lr V, ídovduu` órzo ^mavmv `od$z H $îuduu` Am{U dgmh{vh$ ^mavr`m Mr ~moy `mdr, Ago AZwH$aUr` dmq>umao H$WmZH$ Z Va A a {MÌH$WoÀ`m EH$m nwpñvho$mm {df`xoirb ~Zbo. ram~oz `m Zr Jm YtÀ`m Aml mv Am{U Vwé JmV ì`vrv Ho$bobm H$mi Vgm ~è`mn H$s kmv Amho; nu Amnë`m Jwê$Mm (Jm YtMm) Aml gmos>ë`mz Va, Ë`m Zr ^mavmv ì`vrv Ho$bobm {VVH$mM amo m MH$ H$mi Vgm A YmamVM am{hbm Amho Ü`o AñdñW Am{U Zì m AmìhmZm À`m emoymv Agboë`m ram~oz `m Zr godmj«m Aml gmos>bm Am{U {h mb`mà`m Hw$erV öfrho$e `owo ñwm{`h$ hmoê`mmm {ZU ` KoVbm. nwt>rb 13

14 EH$ XeH$ Ë`m Zr CÎmamI S> owom ì`vrv Ho$bo. {VWo Ë`m Zr nhms>r O Jbm Mm Zme hmovmzm VgoM VoWrb ZÚm da ~m Y (YaU) ~m YÊ`mMo à`ëz Ho$bo OmV Agë`mMo nm{hbo. Voìhm, XÿaÑï>rMm A^md Agboë`m Am{U nm{ü më` Xoem Mo A YmZwH$aU H$aUmè`m ^mavmvrb "gah$mar {dh$mg' YmoaUm {df`r ^mî` H$aVmZm ram~oz `m Zr (1949 Ü`o) {b{hbo, "XþX dmzo Amnë`m `owrb {e{jv Am{U Y{ZH$ dj AmO nyu V mzdr ApñVËdmÀ`m (åhuoo Amnbr n Ïdr Am{U Vr Á`m àmur, njr, dzñnvr AmXtMo OVZ H$aVo) yb^yv VÎdm nmgyz {dbj hmov Mmbbm Amho. Ooìhm Ooìhm gÿr { iob Voìhm mzdmzo Amnë`m {ZgJ -{Z`mo{OV OJmg {ZX `rnuo bwq>ê`mg, Ë`mMm Zme H$aÊ`mg Am{U Ë`mg {dñh$irv H$aÊ`mg gwédmv Ho$br Amho. {dkmz Am{U AË`mYw{ZH$ ` Ìm À`m Omoamda muyg àm S> mor>m navmdm ( $m`xm) { idy eh$vmo, nu hm $m`xm VmËH$m{bH$ ñdê$nmmm Agob; H$maU `mz Va mzdmbm {dzmembm gm moao Omdo bmjob. emar[ah$ ÑîQ>çm {ZamoJr Am{U Z {VH$ ÑîQ>çm gä` àomvr åhuyz Oa Amnë`mbm OJm`Mo Agob, Va {ZgJm Mm g Vmob Aä`mgÊ`mMr d {ZgJm À`m `m `m Xm Ü`o Amnë`m OrdZmbm AmH$ma XoÊ`mMr {ZVm V Amdí`H$Vm Amho.' J JoÀ`m Imoè`mVrc JT>dmb `m ^mjmv ram~oz dmñvì`mg hmoë`m. JT>dmbÀ`m nyd}bm { l àh$mamr dzo Am{U wº$ d ObXJVrZo dmhumè`m ZÚm Zr g Õ Agbobm Hw$ md$± hm àxoe Amho. H $W[aZ oar hob Z åhuyz OÝ boë`m Am{U Z Va gabm~oz ho Q>monUZmd YmaU Ho$boë`m Jm YtÀ`m AmUIr EH$m B p½ce ór {eî`mmr Hw$ md$± hr H$ ^y r hmovr. gabm~oz ñdrh$maboë`m mv ^y rà`m mvrer AmUIr OmñV EH$ê$n Pmboë`m hmoë`m. "Mbo Omd' MidirÀ`m {Z{ ÎmmZo Ë`m Zr àxrk Am{U H$R>moa H$mamdmg ^mojbm hmovm. {VWyZ gwq>ë`mz Va Ë`m Zr Hw$ md±$ ^mjmvrb H$m gmzr `m {h màn>m{xv {eiam Mo {dh J Xe Z KS>dUmè`m JmdmV bú r Aml gwê$ Ho$bm. gabm~oz `m Zr 1950 Am{U 1960 À`m XeH$mV AZoH$ Agm mý` gm m{oh$ H$m` H$Ë`mªZm à{e{jv d ào[av Ho$bo. `m Ü`o gw Xabmb ~hþjwum, {d bm ~hþjwum, M S>ràgmX ^Å>, amym ^Å> `m Mm g mdoe hmovm. gabm~oz `m À`m `m Am{U BVa {eî`m Zr nwt>o OmD$Z nhms>r ^mjmvrb OZg wxm`m Ü`o g{h«$` gh^mj KoVbm Am{U gw Xacmc ~hþjwum 14

15 {MnH$mo Am XmobZmMr gwédmv Ho$br. ì`mdgm{`h$ $m`úmgmr>r hmov Agcoë m O JbVmoS>rbm {damoy H$aÊ`mgmR>r `m Am XmobZmMr gwédmv Pmbr hmovr. `m MidirZo ^mavmv VgoM OJ^a AemM àh$maà`m dzgäju MiditZm àoaum {Xbr. mor> mor>çm YaUm wio An[a{ V gm m{oh$ Am{U n`m daur` hmzr hmovo, Ë m wio Vr ~m YÊ`mg nhms>r ^mjmvrb `m Jm YrdmÚm Zr {damoy Ho$bm. Ë`mM~amo~a AmonZ-H$mñQ> CËIZZ à{h$`o wio hmoumè`m ^`mzh$ ZwH$gmZrH$S>o gdmªmo bj doyê`mmm Ë`m Zr à`ëz Ho$bm. `m Jm YrdmÚm Zr $º$ Am XmobZ H$aÊ`mV g mymz Z mzvm, amzmë H$ H$m H$aÊ`mdaXoIrb ^a {Xbm. `mm AZwf JmZo Ë`m Zr dzrh$au Am{U Obg dy ZmMo àh$ën am~dbo. Ë`m Mo ho H$m Ë`m À`m Jwê$ gabm~oz A{Ve` VÝ `VoZo Am{U H$m VwH$mZo nmhv hmoë`m Ü`o d mà`m gîmarv Agcoë m gabm~oz m Zr n`m daumg ~ Yr EH$ nwpñvh$m {b{hbr. "[aìhmbìh Ada S>mB J ßb ZoQ>' `m ZmdmÀ m Ë`m nwpñvho$v, n`m daumà`m ajumg ~ Yr VmVS>rZo H $Vr H$aÊ`mg ~ Yr AmdmhZ Ho$bo Jobo, Vo AmOhr {VVHo$M g n H$ Amho. ram~oz Am{U gabm~oz `m Zm OmD$Z AmVm ~amm H$mi bmoq>bm Amho. Á`m BVam Mr Zmdo r `m boimv KoVbr AmhoV, VoXoIrb AmVm Ë`m À`m d mà m E erv AmhoV. n`m daumà{v AgUmè`m Amnë`m O~m~Xmè`m gmr>r Ë`m Zr {Xboë`m bt>çmbm { l ñdê$nmmo `e Ambo Amho. `mmo H$maU Á`m Mo {hvg ~ Y `mv Jw Vbo hmovo, Aem A{YH$ à^mdembr ì`º$s À`m {damoymbm Ë`m Zm gm moao Omdo bmjbo. amoh$maur, H $ÌmQ>Xma, H$maImÝ`m Mo mbh$ `m KQ>H$m Zr ñdv Mm $m`xm Am{U ñdv Mr VmH$X dmt>dê`mgmr>r, {h mb`mà`m g nþ Z g{j H$ gmyzg nîmrmr {niduyh$ H$am`bm gwédmv Ho$br. mjrb H$mhr XeH$m V `m KQ>H$m Zr O rz, nmur, I{ZOo `m Mr b`byq> AË` V {ZX `rnuo Mmbdbr Amho. ram~oz Am{U gabm~oz `m À`mà muom M S>ràgmX ^Å> Am{U gw Xabmb ~hþjwum `m VmMo hmovo H$s, {h mb`m Ü`o mzdmmm H$ rv H$ r hñvjon AgUo hm wôm $º$ Am{W H$ d n`m daur` ÑîQ>çmM Zmhr, Va gm ñh ${VH$ ÑîQ>çmXoIrb hîdmmm Amho. H$maU `mm nd Vam Jm Ü`o ^mavmà`m gdmªv n{dì mzë`m OmUmè`m ZÚm Mr CJ ñwmzo AmhoV. Z VaÀ`m H$mimVrb n`m daur` bt>m C^maUmè`m H$mhr ì`º$s ZrXoIrb M S>ràgmX 15

16 16 ñdm r {ZJ mz X ^mavmmr gdmªv n{dì ZXr- J JoÀ`m ZmdmZo hmoumam {dzme Wm ~dê`mgmr>r à`ëz Ho$bo. J JoÀ`m {H$Zmar hmoumè`m dmiy CËIZZmcm {damoy H$aÊ`mgmR>r o$~«wdmar 2011 Ü`o {ZJ mz X ZmdmMo EH$ VéU gmyy CnmofUmbm ~gbo. Ë`m Mm hm g Kf gms>ovrz {hzo Mmbbm, Omo Ë`m À`m Ë`yZ VaM g nwï>mv Ambm. Ë`m doir gîmov AgUmè`m Z mohzqgj gah$mada `m KQ>ZoMm H$moUVmM n[aum Pmbm Zmhr. AJXr AemM àh$mamm AmUIr EH$ XþX dr AJXr AcrH$S>o Ë`y ñdm r gmz X `m À`m ê$nmzo Amnë`mg moa Amcm Amho. yi Zmd Or.S>r.AJadmb Agbobo ñdm r gmz X, EHo$ H$mir Am`Am`Q>r H$mZnya owo {dúmï`mª Ü o AË` V {à` AgUmao B {O{ZA[a JMo àmü`mnh$ hmovo. $º$ ì`mdgm{`h$ CËH $ï>vmm Zmhr, Va g momgmr>r `mojxmz XoVm `ob b Ago H$[aAa {ZdS>Ê`mgmR>r {dúmï`mªà`m {H$Ë`oH$ {nt>çm Zm Vo ào[av H$arV am{hbo. {Zd Îm hmoê`mnydu àmü`mnh$ AJadmb Xoemà{V Agbobr ~m {YbH$s Amnë`m AÜ`mnZmVyZ nyu H$aV hmovo. {Zd Îm Pmë`mZ Va mzdmà`m {düd gh$ H $Vr nmgyz J JoMo aju H$aÊ mgmr>r g Kf C^m H$ê$Z, XoemàVrMr Amnbr O~m~Xmar Ë`m Zr nma nms>br. n VàYmZ Za Ð moxr `m Zm Ë`m Zr Amnë`m eodq>à`m CnmofUmXaå`mZ {b{hbobr nìo ñdm r gmz X åhuoo, d km{zh$ VH $g JVVm Am{U {ZgJm {df`rmr Imob AmÜ`mpË H$ OmU `m Xmohm Mo CËH $ï> { lu hmovo. Ë`m À`m nìm Zm XþX dmzo H$moUVoM CÎma {Xbo Jobo Zmhr. Oar Ë`m À`m Ë`yZ Va n VàYmZm Zr Xþ:I Pmco Agë mmo {Q >Q> Ho$bo Agbo, Var `m gd Jmoï>tH$S>o {Z:njnmVrnUo nmhumè`mbm `mvrb H$ mbrmr Xm {^H$Vm cjmv `ob b. Va ram~oz `m À`mnmgyZ àm.ajadmb `m À`mn`ªV AZoH$ kmzr ^mavr`, gdmªv hîdmà`m Am{U AË` V ZmOyH$ pñwvrv Agboë`m {h mb`mà`m nd Vam JmMm {düd g amoiê`mgmr>r Bemam XoV Ambo AmhoV. VoWrb { ldzm Zm O d{d{dyvm Zgboë`m ( $º$ EH$mM àh$mamr) dzm Mr ~oq>o ~ZÊ`mnmgyZ amoiuo, amgm`{zh$ IVm Mm A{Vdmna, mor>çm YaUm Mo Xþîn[aUm, dmiy CËIZZm wio hmoumam {düd g `m Am{U Aem BVa AZoH$ ~m~vtv Vo AmnUmg gmdy H$aV Ambo AmhoV. Varhr gd M njm À`m amá` Am{U H $Ð gah$mam Zr Ë`mH$S>o Xþb j H$ê$Z, Amnbr g ñh $Vr {Q>H$dyZ R>odUmè`m ZÚm d nd Vm Mm Zme Am{U Ë`m Zm CX²ÜdñV H$aUo MmbyM R>odbo Amho. Ë`m wio {h mb`mà`m Am{U J JoÀ`m ZmdmZo AmUm-^mH$m KoUmao, Amnbo amoh$maur Ë`mgmR>r {Z{üVnUo AnmÌ AmhoV.

17 17

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19 OwZr dv mznìo m`h«$mo{ $ë da dmmvmzm AJXr AZno{jVnUo H$mhr ZdrZ gẍ^ Vw À`m hmvr bmjuo hr EH$ A{Ve` AmZ {XV H$aUmar ~m~ AgVo. Am JñQ>-gßQ> ~a 1947 Yrb Jm YtÀ`m H$mobH$Ë`mVrb dmñvì`mer g~ {YV, d ÎmnÌm V àh$m{ev Pmboë`m ~mvå`m Mo Ahdmb nmhv AgVmZm bm EH$m AkmV ^mavr`mmo nì gmns>bo. {X. 12 Am JñQ> 1947 À`m "X ñq>oq²g Z'À`m A H$mV à{gõ Pmbobo ho nì E.Eg. Abr `m S> S> (H$mobH$Ë`mMo CnZJa) AmVm gdmªzmm ho mhrv Amho H$s, CXÿ bm ~ Jmbr ^mfoà`m damm XOm {Xcm OmUo ho nyd nm{h$ñvmz Ü`o AbJmddmXr ^mdzm À`m dmt>rmo EH$ à wi H$maU hmovo. nwt>o OmD$Z, hrm ^mdzm dmt>rg bmjcr Am{U Ë`mMo n` dgmz ñd VÌ ~m JbmXoemÀ`m {Z{ Vr Ü`o Pmbo. OrZm Amnë`m ^mfumv åhumbo hmovo, "EH$mM amï >^mfo{edm` H$moUVohr amï > EH$gŸ amhÿz H$m` H$ê$ eh$v Zmhr.' àë j n[apñwvr `mà`m AJXr CbQ> {ZKmbr. nm{h$ñvmzmzo EH$M ^mfm bmxê`mmm à`ëz Ho$ë`m wio Vo amï > EH$gŸ amhÿ eh$bo Zmhr Am{U nwt>o OmD$Z Ë`mMr XmoZ eh$bo Pmcr. nm{h$ñvmzà`m g ñwmnh$m Zm Oa E.Eg. Acr `m Mo àh$m{ev Pmbobo nì dmmê`mmo ^m½` Am{U Ë`m nìmvrb gymzm da A b~omdur H$aÊ`mMo ehmunu bm^bo AgVo, Va H$Xm{MV ~m ½bmXoe ApñVËdmV AmbmM ZgVm. 19

20 À`m a{hdmgr Agboë`m J hñwm Mo hmovo. Ë`mV Ë`m Zr {b{hbo hmovo- ""ga, nmm àm Vm Mo EH$ÌrH$aU H$ê$Z nm{h$ñvmz ho amï > ~ZUma Amho. `m nmmhr àm Vm Zm ñdv Mr Aer {d{eï> ^mfm Amho. `mn H$s ~ Jmbr ^mfm hr gdm V OmñV àjv Am{U eãxg nxoà`m Ñï>rZohr A{Ve` g nþ d n[adv Zerb Amho. ~ Jmbr ^mfoà`m VwbZoV BVa ^mfm H$mhr à mumv X[aÐr AmhoV. Oar CXÿ A{Ve` àjv Am{U g nþ Agbr Var Vr ^mavmà`m qh$dm nm{h$ñvmzà`m gm mý` OZVoMr ^mfm Zmhr. CXÿ Mm dmna ^mavmà`m CÎma Am{U n{ü ^mjmvrb {e{jv wpñb m n`ªvm `m {XV Amho. Am{U Ë`m wiom CXÿ bm nm{h$ñvmzà`m amï >^mfomm XOm Va {Xbm OmD$M Z`o, nu Ë`mM~amo~a nm{h$ñvmzà`m {dúmnrr>m VXoIrb AÜ`mnZmMr ^mfm CXÿ Agy Z`o. nah$s` (`wamo{n`z qh$dm ^mavr`) ^mfm Oa nm{h$ñvmzà`m àm Vm da Wmondbr Jobr, Va nm{h$ñvmzr OZVoda $º$ Vr ^mfm ~moby eh$umè`m H$mhr mooš`m ì`º$s Mm damî m amhrb. `mmr n[auvr EHy$UM nm{h$ñvmzà`m àjvr Ü`o mor>m AS>Wim {Z m U hmoê`mv hmob b. Ë`m wio bm Ago gwmdmdo dmq>vo H$s, àë`oh$ àm VmV {d{dy ^mfm Vrb VÁkm Mo EH$ S>i J{R>V Ho$bo Omdo. A{YH $V Am Vaàm Vr` gah$mar nìì`dhma Am{U BVa nañnag ~ {YV ~m~th$[avm à^mar åhuyz `m S>imH$S>o O~m~Xmar gmondmdr. m wio ^m{fh$ AS>MUrda Amnë`mbm mv H$aVm `ob b. àm Vm à muom H $ÐmH$S>ohr ^mfmdma VÁkm Mr S>io AgmdrV, OoUoH$ê$Z H $Ðmbm ñdv Mr H$moUVrhr EH$M-EH$ amï >^mfm A {JH$maÊ`mMr JaO ^mguma Zmhr. Am{U Oa H $ÐmVrb gah$mabm EH$ {d{eï> ^mfm {ZdS>Uo JaOoMo dmq>co Va B J«Or ^mfm {ZdS>mdr Ago r gwmdrz.'' nì {b{humao J hñw ~ Jmbr ^m{fh$ wpñc hmovo, Á`m Zm H$Xm{MV nm{h$ñvmz {Z m U Pmë`mZ Va nyd}h$s>o ñwbm Va H$amd`mMo hmovo. mì Ë`m Mo nì $º$ ~ Jmbr ^mfo{df`rmo AmH«$ñVmio ào Am{U gḧw${mv d Îmr Xe dumao ZìhVo. lr`wv AbtZm `mmr Mm JbrM H$ënZm hmovr H$s, bdh$am ApñVËdmV `oumè`m nm{h$ñvmzà`m àë`oh$ àm VmV EH$m {d{eï> ^mfomo dm ñd hmovo, Am{U CXÿ ^mfomo dm ñd Hw$R>ohr ZìhVo. n Om~ àm VmMo bmoh$ w»`ëdo n Om~r ^mfm ~mobv hmovo. qgy àm VmVrb bmoh$ w»`ëdo qgyr ^mfm ~mobv hmovo. AemMàH$mao dm`ì` gahô àm VmVrb bmoh$ nívmo Am{U ~bmom àm VmVrb bmoh$ w»`ëdo ~bwmr ^mfm ~mobv hmovo. `mm H$maUmZo lr`wv Abr `m gd ^mfm Mm AmXa H$aÊ`m~m~V Am{U `m ^mfm Zm àmoëgmhz XoÊ`m~m~V AmJ«hr hmovo. ^{dî`mvrc nm{h$ñvmzmv VoWrb ~hþg»` ZmJ[aH$m gmr>r nyu nuo nah$s` AgUmar CXÿ ^mfm bmxbr OmD$ Z`o, Aer Ë`m Mr mjur hmovr. lr`wv AbtÀ`m ^mdzm àe gzr` Am{U XÿaXeu Agë`m Var nm{h$ñvmzmo g ñwmnh$ h X Abr OrZm {Z{üVnUo ho mý` H$aUma ZìhVo. `m~m~v Vo {Zü`r hmovo H$s, Á`m Xoembm Vo OÝ XoV AmhoV, Ë`m XoemV EH$mM Y m Mr Am{U EH$mM ^mfomr {deof ºo$Xmar AgUma Amho. BWo ho bjmv KoUo Amdí H$ Amho H$s, amï >{Z{ VrÀ`m nm{ü më` àvr mzmzo ( m S>obZo) OrZm AË` V à^m{dv hmovo. `m nm{ü më` à{v mzm VJ V EH$m {d{eï> ^yàxoemvrb ZmJ[aH$m Zm EH$M gm mb H$ ^mfm Am{U EH$mM Y m À`m N>ÌmImbr (Am{U àg Jr ~io~arzo) EH$Ì AmUyZ EH$sH$aU gmybo Jobo hmovo. 20

21 `mà`m AJXr CbQ>, OrZm Mo g H$mbrZ Am{U Ë`m Mo hmz à{vñnyu hmë m Jm Yr m Mo hmovo. Ë m Zr amï >{Z{ VrgmR>r nyu V dojù`m àh$mamo à{v mz {ZdS>bo hmovo. Jm YrÀ`m amï >-{Z{ VrÀ`m à{v mzma VJ V XoemMo ZmJ[aH$Ëd $º$ EH$M ^mfm qh$dm EH$mM Y m Zwgma R>aUma ZìhVo. BWo {d{dyvomm Am{U AmnAmngmVrb {^ÞVoMmXoIrb AmXa Ho$bm OmUma hmovm. nm{h$ñvmzmr {Z{ Vr Pmë mda ghm {hý`m Zr nm{h$ñvmzmo JìhZ a OZab ~.OrZm m Zr XoemÀ`m nyd ^mjmbm ^oq> {Xbr. T>mŠ`mV 21 mm 1948 amoor {Xboë`m EH$m hîdmà`m ^mfumv OrZm åhumbo, "AbrH$S>oM `m àm VmMr qh$~hþzm nm{h$ñvmzmr amï >^mfm ~ Jmbr Agob H$s CXÿ Agob, `m àýmda {Z{üVM H$mhr à mumv CËgmh {Z m U Pmbm Amho. Am{U `mm AZwf JmZo mâ`mn`ªv `m ~mvå`m Amë`m AmhoV H$s, H$mhr g {YgmYy amoh$s` KQ>H$m Zr CXÿ À`m wúmda T>mŠ`mVrb {dúmï`mªzm hmvmer Yê$Z àemgzmbm AS>MUrV AmUÊ`mgmR>r qzxzr` R>aVrb Ago à`ëz Mmbdbo AmhoV.' nwt>o OrZm `m ^mfumv åhuvmv, " r AmYrXoIrb gm {JVë`mà muo, nm{h$ñvmz Am{U {deofv Vw À`m àm Vmbm AÚmnhr Vm S> Úmdo bmjv Agboë`m gḧ$q>m {df`r ñnï> eãxm V Vwåhmbm gmdy H$ê$ BpÀN>Vmo. nm{h$ñvmzmr {Z{ Vr amoiê`mv An`er R>aboë`m Am{U Ë`mVrb An`em wio {Zame Pmboë`m eìy Zr Amnë`m amï >mbm {dñh$irv H$aÊ`mgmR>r, XoemVrb wpñc m Ü`o y$q> nms>ê`mmo à`ëz Mmbdbo AmhoV, Am{U AmVm `mm à`ëzm Zr wiëdo àm VdmXmbm IVnmUr KmbÊ`mMo H$m Mmcy Ho$bo Amho.' Ë`m ^mfumv nwýhm EH$Xm ^mfoà`m àýmbm hmv KmbVmZm OrZm åhuvmv, "`m àm VmMr A{YH $V ^mfm ~ Jmbr Agmdr H$s Agy Z`o, `mmm {ZU ` `m àm VmVyZ {ZdSy>Z Amboë`m bmoh$à{v{zytzm `md`mmm Amho. bm `m{df`r H$moUVmM gẍoh Zmhr H$s, `m àýmmo CÎma `mo½` doir owrc ñwm{zh$ OZVoÀ`m BÀN>m-AmH$m jm {dmmamv KoD$ZM emoybo OmB b. r Vwåhmbm A{Ve` ñnï> eãxmv gm Jy BpÀN>Vmo H$s, ~ Jmbr ^mfomm àý `ob b Voìhm Vw À`m amooà`m OrdZmda `mmo {dnarv n[aum 21

22 hmovrb qh$dm Vw À`mda ~ YZo AmUbr OmVrb Aem A $dm Ü`o H$moUVoM VÏ` Zmhr. Am{U eodq>r Vw À`m àm VmMr ^mfm H$moUVr Agmdr hm {ZU ` VwåhmbmM åhuoo `m àm VmÀ`m OZVobmM `md`mmm Amho.' OrZm Mr darb dmš`o ~ Jmbr ^m{fh$m À`m àm {VH$ ^mdzm Zm gdbv XoUmar Am{U ~ Jmbr ^m{fh$m Zm Ë`m À`m ^mfo{df`r Agboë`m A{^ mzmbm XmX XoUmar dmqy> eh$vmv. mì Ë mm ^mfumv OrZm nwt>o åhuvmv, "nu r Vwåhmbm ho ñnï> H$ê$ BpÀN>Vmo H$s, CXÿ ì`{v[aº$ BVa H$moUVrhr ^mfm nm{h$ñvmzmr amï >^mfm ~ZUma Zmhr. Oo H$moUr `m~m~v Vwåhmbm ^«{ V H$aÊ`mMm à`ëz H$aV AgVrb Vo Ho$di nm{h$ñvmzmo eìy AmhoV. BVa Xoem À`m B{VhmgmH$S>o nm{hë`mda Vwåhmbm bjmv `ob b H$s, EH$m amï >^mfo{edm` H$moUVohr amï > EH$gŸ amhÿz H$m` H$ê$ eh$v Zmhr. åhuyzm amï >^mfomm àý `ob b, Voìhm nm{h$ñvmzmr amï >^mfm CXÿ M Agm`bm hdr.' `mmmm AW, OrZm À`m nm{h$ñvmz Ü`o {eju, amoojma, gah$mar OZg nh $ Am{U àemgzmer g ~ {YV BVa ~m~t Ü`o CXÿ À`m VwbZoV ~ Jmbr ^mfobm Xþæ` XOm {Xbm OmUma hmovm. $º$ EH$M EH$ amï >^mfm Agmdr `mmm AmJ«h Yê$Z ~.OrZm, Ë`m Zm AgUmè`m EH$m AZm{ H$ ^rvrmo àxe Z H$aV hmovo. OrZm Zm qmvm hmovr H$s, ZmJ[aH$ËdmÀ`m H$mhr g mz {ZH$fm Mm Adb ~ Z Ho$ë`mg Zì`mZo ñwm{nv Pmboë`m Ë`m À`m amï >mmm S>mobmam H$mob Sy> eh$vmo. Ë m wio nm{h$ñvmz ho EH$ wpñb amï > Am{U EH$ CXÿ ~mobumao amï > ìhmdo Ago Vo gw{z{üv H$ê$ nmhv hmovo. OrZm À`m AJXr CbQ> Jm Yr Am{U Jm YtÀ`mM nmdbmda nmd$b R>odV Zohê$ Zr Amnco YmoaU A {JH$maco. Ë m Zr ^mavmà m ZmJ[aH$ËdmMr ì`mnh$ ì`m»`m ñdrh$mabr. BWo H$moUVmhr EH$M Y amï >mmr AmoiI ~ZUma ZìhVm; ^mavmvrb BVa gd ^mfm À`m VwbZoV H$moUË`mhr EH$mM ^mfobm loð> qh$dm Cƒ XOm àmá hmouma ZìhVm. ^mav qhxÿ amï > ~ZUma ZìhVo Am{U ^mavmà`m X{jUr d nyd ^mjmda O~aXñVrZo qhxr ^mfm bmxbr OmUma ZìhVr. BWo H$moUË`mM ^mfobm A{YH $V amï >^mfomm XOm {Xbm OmUma ZìhVm. àë`oh$ àm Vmbm ñdv À m ^m{fh$ na nam Mm àgma H$aÊ`mMm Am{U Ë m na nam OmonmgÊ`mMm A{YH$ma AgUma hmovm. AmVm gdmªzmm ho mhrv Amho H$s, CXÿ bm ~ Jmbr ^mfoà`m damm XOm {Xcm OmUo ho nyd nm{h$ñvmz Ü`o AbJmddmXr ^mdzm À`m dmt>rmo EH$ à wi H$maU hmovo. nwt>o OmD$Z, hrm ^mdzm dmt>rg bmjcr Am{U Ë`mMo n` dgmz ñd VÌ ~m JbmXoemÀ`m {Z{ Vr Ü`o Pmbo. OrZm Amnë`m ^mfumv åhumbo hmovo, "EH$mM amï >^mfo{edm` H$moUVohr amï > EH$gŸ amhÿz H$m` H$ê$ eh$v Zmhr. àë j n[apñwvr `mà`m AJXr CbQ> {ZKmbr. nm{h$ñvmzmzo EH$M ^mfm bmxê`mmm à`ëz Ho$ë`m wio Vo amï > EH$gŸ amhÿ eh$bo Zmhr Am{U nwt>o OmD$Z Ë`mMr XmoZ eh$bo Pmcr. nm{h$ñvmzà`m g ñwmnh$m Zm Oa E.Eg. Acr `m Mo àh$m{ev Pmbobo nì dmmê`mmo ^m½` Am{U Ë`m nìmvrb gymzm da A b~omdur H$aÊ`mMo ehmunu bm^bo AgVo, Va H$Xm{MV ~m ½bmXoe ApñVËdmV AmbmM ZgVm. EH$ eodq>mm wôm m Sy> BpÀN>Vmo. amï >r` ñd` godh$ g KmMr amï >r`ëdmmr gḧ$ënzm hr h X Abr OrZm À`m amï >r`ëdmà`m gḧ$ënzoer AJXr { ivr-owivr Amho. Y m Zo qhxÿ Am{U qhxr ~mobvm `oumam Bg g KmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ `mo½` ^mavr` Amho. gü`mmo gag KMmbH$ ^mavmvrb BVa Y mªà`m VwbZoV qhxÿ Y m À`m loð>ëdm{df`r ^mî` H$aV AgVmV. Va {VH$S>o g KmMo AZẁ m`r qhxÿ ZgUmè`m ì`º$s {déõ ^a añë`m Ü`o qhgm H$ê$Z gag KMmbH$m À`m H$ënZm àë`jmv CVadVmV. Xaå`mZ ^monà{uv H $Ð gah$ma YyV nuo BVa ^mfm Zm ~moybm gmê$z qhxr ^mfomm àgma H$aVmZm {XgVo. E.Eg. Abr Á`màH$mao nm{h$ñvmz~ôb {dmma H$aV hmovo, VgmM {dmma H$aUmè`m AZoH$ ì`º$s gwx dmzo AmOÀ m ^mavmvhr AmhoV. Am{U Ë`m wiom Y d ^mfomm ~hþg»`mh$dmx BWo ghomghor ê$oy {Xbm OmUma Zmhr. (AZwdmX : gm{ox BZm Xma, Mob ) am M Ð Jwhm, ~ Jiwê$ 22

23 hmë m Jm Yr Am{U S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$a `m XmoZ g H$mbrZ, {X½JO, amï >r` ZoË`m Mo nañnag ~ Y Jw VmJw VrMo hmovo. XmoKm Mr ^º$ S>ir mì `m g ~ Ym Mo gwb^rh$au H$ê$Z "Vo H$go EH$ oh$m Mo {damoyh$ hmovo, H$S>do Q>rH$mH$ma hmovo' `mmrm EH$V $r m S>Ur H$arV AgVmV. AmVm Ë`m XmoKm Zm OmD$Z ghm-gmv XeHo$ har ZaHo$ "IoS>çm H$S>o Mbm' hm Jm YrOtMm Zmam hmovm. ~m~mgmho~m Zm ho {dmma mý` ZìhVo. "eham H$S>o Mbm' Ago ~m~mgmho~ gm JV hmovo. gm m{oh$ ÑîQ>çm gḧw${mv Agbobo Jm YrOr ~m~mgmho~m wio {dñvmav Jobo. Ë`m Mm d Mm[aH$ {dh$mg hmov Jobm. ~m~mgmho~gwõm $º$ X{bVm Mo ZoVo Z amhvm eovh$ar, {hbm, ~bwvoxma-abwvoxma, H$m Jma `m Mo ZoVo ~ZV Jobo. Jm YrOter Ë`m Zr Ho$boë`m g Kfm VyZ Vo amï >r` ZoVo ~Zbo. Vo XmoKohr ~ [añq>a hmovo. àm S> bmoh${à`vm ho XmoKm Mohr g mz d {eîq>ç hmovo. J[a~m {df`r H$idim ho XmoKm Mohr w»` gyì hmovo. Ë`m À`m njm Mo Vo gd}gdm hmovo. Ë`m wio H$m` H$Ë`mªÀ`m {Zð>obm, {eñvrbm Vo $ma hîd XoV AgV. 23

24 CbQy>Z Jobobr AmhoV. Vo hmnwéf Agbo Var ybv: muyg hmovo Am{U {OË`mOmJË`m mugmà`m `m Xm Ë`m XmoKm Zmhr hmoë`mm. Vo EH$ oh$m Mo ñny H$ hmovo. Ë`m À`mV Ogo d Mm[aH$-VmpÎdH$ V^oX hmovo, VerM ZoV ËdmMr ñnym hr hmovr. AmVm AmUIr {H$Vr df} hr H$Qw>Vm, hm {dima H$m` R>odm`Mm? EdT>çm dfmªzr Var Jmi Imbr ~gyz Ìr, H$éUm, ~ YwVoMo nmur {ZdiUma H$s Zmhr? hm coi dmmyz H$mhr H$S>do bmoh$ dñgh$z A Jmda `ouma `mmr bm ImÌr AgyZgwÕm, EH$m H$V ì`- ^mdzonmoq>r ho {bhrv Amho. 1. Jm Yr-Am ~os>h$a EH$ oh$m Mo { Ì qh$dm MmhVo hmovo H$m? Va, Zmhr. 2. Vo EH$ oh$m Mo eìy hmovo H$m? Va, Zmhr. 3. Ë`m Zr EH$ oh$m da H$S>H$ ^mfov Q>rH$m Ho$br` H$m? Va, hmo. AJXr EH$ oh$m Mo dm^ms>o H$mT>Uo m àh$mamrhr H$R>moa Q>rH$m Amho, `mv e H$mM Zmhr. {deofv: S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$a `m Zr "amzs>o, Jm Yr Am{U OrZm' `m Ë`m À`m JmOboë`m ^mfumv Am{U "ìhm Q> Jm Yr A±S> H$m±J«og h d S>Z Qy> {X AZQ>Mo~ëg' `m hmj«wmv hmë m Jm Ytda Q>rHo$Mm dfm d Ho$bobm Amho. Vmo Ë`m n[apñwvrv `mo½` Am{U Amdí`H$hr hmovm. nu hrm H$Qw>Vm Ë`m À`mV H$m` am{hbr` H$m? Va, Z $sm Zmhr. 4. " r Jm YtZm hmë m H$Yrhr åhq>bobo Zmhr' Ago ~m~mgmho~ EH$m ^mfumv åhumbo hmovo. àë`jmv mì Ë`m À`mV H$mhr doim {Oìhmim Agë`mMo nwamdo CnbãY AmhoV. " hms> gë`mj«hmà`m S>nmV $º$ EH$M $moq>mo bmdbobm hmovm Am{U Vmo hmë m Jm YtMm hmovm' Ago ~m~mgmho~ g nmxh$ Agboë`m ~{hîh $V ^mavmv Z yx Ho$bobo Amho. (nmhm- S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$a `m Mo ~{hîh $V ^mav Am{U yh$zm`h$, hmamï > emgz, w ~B, 2008, n.162) gë`mj«hmmr gḧ$ënzm AmnU hmë m Jm YtH$Sy>Z KoVbr, Ag ~m~mgmho~ AJ«boImV åhuvmv. ~{hîh $V ^mavmv ~m~mgmho~m Zr EH$XmM Zmhr Va AZoH$Xm am.am. mohzm X H$a M X Jm Yr m Mm C oi hmë m Jm Yr Agm Ho$bobm Amho. Z wý`mxmib nmhm- Cnamoº$, n.16, 19, 61, 72, 92, 129, 130, 134, 142, 159, 162. Amnë`m Omhra ^mfum Ü`ohr ~m~mgmho~m Zr hmë m Jm YtMm C oi hmë m Agm AZoH$Xm Ho$bobo Amho. EH$Q>çm 18 ì`m I S>mÀ`m ^mj XmoZ Ü`o Jm YrOtMm C oi 52 doim Ambobm AgyZ, Ë`mV AZoH$Xm hmë m åhq>bobo Amho. nmhm-s>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$a boiz Am{U ^mfuo, I S>, 18, ^mj 2, n.20, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225. {X. 4 OyZ 1927 Mm hmë m Jm YrOtMm gẍoe ~m~mgmho~m Zr ~{hîh $V ^mavmv N>mnbobm Amho. Ë`mV Jm YrOr åhuvmv, "Amnë`m Añn í` Xoe~m Ydm Zm AmnU {XamV àdoe ZmH$maë`m wio Xod Amnë`m {Xam VyZ {ZKyZ Jobobo AmhoV. Añn í`m Zm {XamV Am{U Amnë`m A V:H$aUmV àdoe {Xë`m{edm` Xod nav `ouma ZmhrV.' nmhm- Cnamoº$, n.60. "Añn í`vm Vm~S>Vmo~ Zï> Ho$br Zmhr Va qhxÿ Y Zm eof Pmë`mdmMyZ amhuma Zmhr' Agohr Jm YrOtMo V Agë`mMo ~m~mgmho~ nwt>o gm JVmV. nmhm- Cnamoº$, n hmnwéfm Mo ~mobuo eãxe: KoÊ`mEodOr Ë`m mjmm Ame`, hovy Am{U d Mm[aH$ Jm^m nmhmdm bmjvmo. eãxàm mê`, nmowr{zð>m Am{U {d^y{vnyom `m Jmoï>tZm ~m~mgmho~m Mm R>m {damoy hmovm, AmOH$mb Ë`m Zm ^bvmm D$V Ambobm Amho. "~m~mgmho~ åhumbo hmovo,' Ago Z yx H$ê$Z, Amnmnë`m ñdmwm gmr>r Ë`m Mm dmna gwê$ Amho. ~m~mgmho~ IaoM Vgo åhumbo hmovo H$m? Agë`mg Ë`mMm gẍ^ H$m` hmovm, Ë`mZ Va Ë`m À`m Ë`m VmV H$mhr ~Xb Pmbm hmovm H$m, ho ~{KVboM OmV Zmhr. `mnwt>o qhxÿ, wpñc, p¼üz, O Z, eri, nmaer AmXr Y mªà`m J«Wàm mê`mzwgma B œa, A m, ào{fv `m À`m {dmmam Mr {M{H$ËgmM eš` Zmhr. N>.{edam`, ~m~mgmho~, Jm YrOr `m Zmhr XodËd ~hmb Ho$bo Joë`mZo Ë`m À`mhr {dmmam da moh$ionumzo ~mobm`bm ~ Xr `ovmzm {XgVò. N>ÌnVr {edam` Am{U ~m~mgmho~ `m Mr {M{H$Ëgm Va EìhmZm ~ X Ho$br Jobobr Amho. {X.26 AmŠQ>mo~a 1938 amoor ~m~mgmho~ åhumbo hmovo, "amoh$maumv ~mobbob OoìhmÀ`m Voìhm {dgab nm{hoo.' nmhm- S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$a boiz Am{U ^mfuo, I S>, 18, ^mj 2, n.225. Vo nwt>o åhuvmv, "`mà`mcbq> Amnë`mV EH$ Xmof Amho H$s, EH$Xm ^m S>U Pmb H$s Vo {nt>çmz²{nt>çm Mmbmd. hm nmjbnum ~ X 24

25 ìhm`bm hdm. H$mimZwê$n gmyh$~myh$ m S>Ur ìhm`bm hdr. MMm H$aÊ`mgmR>r XheV{da{hV wº$ dmvmdau Agm`bm hdo.' 6. Jm YrOr Am{U ~m~mgmho~ XmoKohr H$V ËddmZ ZoVo hmovo. Ë`m Mr EH$ oh$m er ñnym hr hmovr. Jm YrOr AmYr A{Ve` gzmvzr hmovo. Vo MmVwd Ê` mzv AgV. Vo JrVm^º$ hmovo. Ë`m Mm am amá`mda {dœmg hmovm. "IoS>çm H$S>o Mbm' hm Jm YrOtMm Zmam hmovm. ~m~mgmho~m Zm ho {dmma mý` ZìhVo. "eham H$S>o Mbm' Ago ~m~mgmho~ gm JV hmovo. gm m{oh$ ÑîQ>çm gḧw${mv Agbobo Jm YrOr ~m~mgmho~m wio {dñvmav Jobo. Ë`m Mm d Mm[aH$ {dh$mg hmov Jobm. ~m~mgmho~gwõm $º$ X{bVm Mo ZoVo Z amhvm eovh$ar, {hbm, ~bwvoxma- AbwVoXma, H$m Jma `m Mo ZoVo ~ZV Jobo. Jm YrOter Ë`m Zr Ho$boë`m g Kfm VyZ Vo amï >r` ZoVo ~Zbo. Vo XmoKohr ~ [añq>a hmovo. àm S> bmoh${à`vm ho XmoKm Mohr g mz d {eîq>ç hmovo. J[a~m {df`r H$idim ho XmoKm Mohr w»` gyì hmovo. Ë`m À`m njm Mo Vo gd}gdm hmovo. Ë`m wio 25

26 H$m` H$Ë`mªÀ`m {Zð>obm, {eñvrbm Vo $ma hîd XoV AgV. XmoKm Mohr AZẁ m`r Ë`m Zm à{vna oœam mzv AgV. Ë`m wio ho AZẁ m`r nañnaqzxoà`m mo{h m am~dv AgV. XmoKm Ü`o AZoH$ wúm da V^oX hmovo. gm` Z H${ ezda H$m±J«ogZo ~{hîh$ma KmVbm hmovm. ~m~mgmho~ gm` Zbm ^oq>bo. n{hë`m Jmob oo n[afxodahr H$m±J«ogZo ~{hîh$ma KmVbm hmovm. ~m~mgmho~ n[afxobm CnpñWV hmovo Ü o S>m.Am ~os>h$a {~«{Q>e {Ì S>imV gh^mjr Pmbo hmovo. Ë`m H$mimV H$m±J«ogZo "Mbo Omd'Mm Zmam {Xbobm hmovm. 7. Jm Yr-Am ~os>h$am À`m {VÝhr ^oq>r JmOë`m. n{hë`m ^oq>rà`m doir Jm YrOtZr " r Vwåhmbm ^oq>m`bm `ovmo' Ago H$idbo, nu ~m~mgmho~ {eï>mmma nmiumao hmovo. Vo Jm YrOtZm ñdv: ^oq>m`bm Jobo. Jm YrOr mì Voìhm AmT>çVoZo dmjbo. Ë`m Zr wôm M ~m~mgmho~m Mm nmucvmam Ho$bm. hm An mz ~m~mgmho~m À`m {Oìhmar bmjbm. Jm YrOr Ago H$m dmjbo? hmxod^mb Amnë`m S>m`arV {b{hvmv, "~mny S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$am Zm Añn í`m ~ÔbMm {XImD$ H$idim Agbobo ~«m U g OV hmovo. X{jU Am{ «$Ho$hÿZ ^mavmv navë`mda Jm YrOr Zm Xma Jmo.H $.JmoIë`m Zm ^oq>bo. JmoIë`m Zr Ë`m Zm ^mav^«u H$aÊ`mMm d hîdmà`m amoh$s` ZoË`m Zm ^oq>ê`mmm g m {Xbm. Ë`m H$mimV Jm YrOr AZoH$m Zm ^oq>bo. Ë`mV Ho$VH$a, Xm S>oH$a, OmdS>oH$a, ~mds>oh$a, JmoidbH$a VgoM Am ~os>h$a m Mm g mdoe hmovm. n{hbm ^oq>rv Ooìhm ~m~mgmho~ åhumbo, "Jm YrOr, bm mv ^y r Zmhr' Voìhm Jm YrOr MaH$bo. Amnbr MyH$ Pmë`mMo Ë`m À`m bjmv Ambo. Xþgar ^oq> b S>Zbm Pmbr. Voìhm Jm YrOtZr Amnbm {dœmgkmv Ho$bm, Agm ~m~mgmho~m Mm g O Pmbm. Jm YrOr XþQ>ßnrnUmZo dmjbo. wpñc m Zm Jm YrOr åhumbo, " r Vw À`m gjù`m mjê`m mý` H$aVmo, mì Vwåhr Añn í`m À`m mjurbm {damoy H$am.' hr wëgôo{jar Jm YrOtZm hmj ns>br. ~m~mgmho~ AmUIr Xþamdbo. Jm YrOtdaMm ~m~mgmho~m Mm {dœmgm CS>mbm. "Jm YrOr ho {dœmg-kmvh$s AmhoV, Ë`m À`m dmjê`mzo Amnë`m H$miOmda S>mJÊ`m {Xë`m Joboë`m hmoë`m,' Ago ~m~mgmho~ åhuv AgV. nmhm- S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$a boiz Am{U ^mfuo, I S>, 18, ^mj 2, n S>m.Am ~os>h$am Mo n I N>mQ>Ê`mMm à`ëz Jm YrOtZr Ho$bm. eoamg gìdmeoa åhuyz H$m±J«og Ü`o y$q> nms>m`mm à`ëz ~m~mgmho~m Zr Ho$bm. nmhm- S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$a boiz Am{U ^mfuo, I S>, 18, ^mj 2, n.226. nwuo H$amamdoir `m XmoKm Ü`o Z ^yvmo Z ^{dî`{v Aer H$Qw>Vm {Z m U Pmbr. "A {Z{hboeZ Am $ H$mñQ>' Yë`m nìì`dhmamv `m XmoKm Yë`m H$Qw>VoMo ns>gmx C Q>bobo AmhoV. KQ>Zm n[afxovë`m ~m~mgmho~m À`m n{hë`m ^mfumzo ({S>g ~a 1946) Jm YrOr Am{U H$m±J«og ZoV Ëd M{H$V Pmbo. ~m~mgmho~m Mr amï >{hvmmr ì`mnh$ ^y{ H$m ~KyZ Ë`m Zr ~m~mgmho~m er Agbobo gjio V^oX {dgê$z ghh$m`m Mm hmv nwt>o Ho$bm. H$m±J«og d ~m~mgmho~ `m Xmohmo Zr KQ>Zm n[afxov EH$Ì { iyz-{ giyz H$m Ho$bo. ~m~mgmho~ Am{U Jm YrOr EH$Ì Ambo ZgVo Va Ago Ðï>o, nmobmxr Am{U gå`h²$ g {dymz ^mavmbm { imbom ZgVo. KQ>Zm n[afxoda 1946 Ü`o ~m~mgmho~ n{hë`m Xm Á`m VXmag KmVyZ {ZdSy>Z Ambo hmovo, Vmo ^mavmà`m $miur wio nm{h$ñvmzmv Joë`mZo Owb 1947 Ü o ~m~mgmho~m Mo KQ>Zm n[afxodarb gxñ`ëd aô Pmbo hmovo. mì Xaå`mZ H$m±J«ogMo gxñ` ~.O`H$a `m Zr amorzm m {Xë`mZo [aº$ Pmboë`m OmJoda H$m±J«ogZo ~m~mgmho~m Zm {~Z{damoY {ZdSy>Z {Xbo. hr dñvwpñwvr{zxe H$ ~m~ H$mhr {hvg ~ Yr`m H$Sy>Z wôm hÿz XS>dbr Jobobr Amho. H$m±J«ogMo ZoVo Jm YrOtÀ`m eãxm ~mhoa ZìhVo. Jm YrOr, Zohê$, nq>ob, amo Ð~m~y Am{U m bmzm AmPmX ho nmm OU H$m±J«ogMo hm`h$ m S> hmovo. Ë`m Zr AmnmngmV {dmma{d{z ` Ho$bm Am{U ~.~m~mgmho~ O`H$a `m H$m±J«og gxñ`mzo {Xboë`m amorzmå`m wio [aº$ Pmboë`m OmJoda S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$am Zm KQ>Zmg^oda {~Z{damoY {ZdSy>Z AmUyZ Ë`m Zm XoemMo H$m`Xo {ÌnX {Xbo Jobo. åhuyz ~m~mgmho~ g {dymz {bhÿ eh$bo, ^mavr` g {dymzmmo à wi {eënh$ma ~Zy eh$bo. 9. ~m~mgmho~m Mm VXmag K H$m±J«ogÀ`m ZoË`m Zr wôm M nm{h$ñvmzmv KmVbm, B J«Om Zr IS>gmdbo åhuyzm ~m~mgmho~m Zm KQ>Zm gwxm g{ VrMo AÜ`jnX {Xbo Jobo- hm ~m go $s àmma {Zìdi ImoQ>maS>m Va 26

27 AmhoM, nu ZWwam r àd Îmrbm OmUrdnyd H$ ~i XoUmam Amho. Jm YrOr Am{U ZWwam JmoS>go `m V {ZdS> H$am`Mr Agob, Va Vwåhr H$m` {ZdS>mb? 10. ~m~mgmho~m Mo S>m.g{dVm H$~ra `m À`mer E{àb 1948 Ü`o b¾ Pmbo. Jm YrOtÀ`m hë`omr KQ>Zm VmOr Agë`m wio Agob ~hþym, Amnë`m ew^oàn>mnìmv nq>obm Zr "Vw Mo ho Am VaOmVr` b¾ ~mny Zm $ma AmdS>bo AgVo' Ago {b{hbo. Jm YrhË`obm AS>rM {hzo Pmbobo hmovo. nìmà`m CÎmamV ~m~mgmho~m Zr nq>obm er gh Vr ì`º$ H$aVmZm, "hmò, ~mny Zm `m b¾mmm AmZ X Pmbm AgVm' Ago Z yx Ho$bo. Zmam`U XogmB gm JVmV, ""EHo$ H$mir MmVwd Ê` Am{U OmVrnmVr mzumao Jm YrOr eodq>r " r $º$ Am VaOmVr` {ddmhm ZmM CnpñWV amhrz' Aer AQ> KmbÊ`mBVnV nwt>o Jobobo hmovo.'' H$mimZwê$n Jm YrOr Iyn ~Xbbo. à{vgmxmv ~m~mgmho~hr ~Xbbo. KQ>Zmg^oV H$m±J«ogMo 82 Q>³³ m nojm Á`mXm ~hþ V AgVmZmhr KQ>ZoV Añn í`vm {Z y bz, AmajU, amï >ÜdOmda Yå MH«$ `m gma»`m AZoH$ Jmoï>r ~m~mgmho~ AmUy eh$bo. H$m±J«ogMo ghh$m` ZgVo, Va m Jmoï>r Oya Pmë`mM ZgË`m. H$m±J«og d ~m~mgmho~ EH$ oh$m wio AmUIr mor>o Pmbo. amï >ì`mnr {dñvmabo. {damoy{dh$mgdmxmmm Z wzmm OUy. Ë`m À`mVbr bìhhoq> [aboez{en mor>r JmoS> hmovr. Jw VmJw VrMr {Z Am^mimEdT>r mor>r hmovr. mì {Vbm EH$nXar Am{U Ûof~wÕrMr ~ZdÊ mmo H$m XmoÝhr ~moy À m ^º$m Zr Ho$co. 11. Jm YrOr d ~m~mgmho~ ho XmoKohr hms>mmo amoh$maur hmovo. Xþgè`m Jmob oo n[afxov hmë m Jm YtZr Agm Xmdm Ho$bm H$s, Vo gd ^mavr`m Mo à{v{z{yëd H$aVmV. Ë`m wio "Añn í`m Mm à{v{zyr H$moU? Jm YrOr H$s ~m~mgmho~?' Agm àý {Z m U Pmbm. Ë`mVyZ Vo EH$ oh$m Mo ñny H$ ~Zbo. Jm YrOtMm Añn í`m Zm AmajU Úm`bm AmYr {damoy hmovm. ~m~mgmho~m À`m AmJ«hm wio Ë`m Zm AmajUmbm mý`vm XoUo ^mj ns>bo. nwuo H$amambm Xoe{hVmgmR>r ~m~mgmho~m Zr mý`vm {Xbr. XmoKohr hmnwéf à{v^md V hmovo. H$ mbrmo hå>r Am{U H$V ËddmZ hmovo. nu V^oXm da mv H$ê$Z Xoe{hVmgmR>r EH$Ì H$m H$aÊ`mBVnV Vo bd{mh$ hmovo. Amnmnbm BJmo {Z` {ÌV H$ê$Z, ñd^mdmvë`m Xmofm da mv H$ê$Z gm mý` mugmà`m ^ë`mgmr>r Ë`m Zr H$m Ho$bo. amï >ZoVo åhuyz bmoh$emhrda R>m {dœmg Agbobo ho XmoKo OU AmVyZ mì {eñv, nj~m YUr Am{U Amnmnbm H$m` H«$ nwt>o ZoÊ`mgmR>r àg Jr wëgôrnumzo dmjbo, ^m S>bo. Ë`m Zr EH$ oh$m da dmahr Ho$bo, àg Jr EH$ oh$m À`m Jù`mV hmahr KmVbo. nj{eñv, erbnmbz, Mm[aÍ`g dy Z, àm m{uh$num Am{U Xþ~ bm Zm PwH$Vo mn `m ~m~vrv ho XmoKohr EH$ àh$mamo hþhy$ ehm hmovo. nmhm- S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am ~os>h$a boiz Am{U ^mfuo, I S>, 18, ^mj 2, n.226. Jm YrOtMm OÝ 1869 Mm, Va ~m~mgmho~m Mm OÝ 1891 Mm. `m XmoKm À`m d`mv gw mao 22 dfmªmo A Va hmovo. ho EH$m {nt>rmo A Va Amho. hr OZaoeZ J n Ë`m XmoKm Ü`o Agë`mZo àmymý`h«$ dojdojim hmovm. ~m~mgmho~m Mo aº$ VéU Agë`mZo Vo AmH«$ H$ hmovo; Va Jm YrOr em V, ghzerb Am{U g dmxr. Ë`m XmoKm Mr gm m{oh$ nmœ ^y r, Ë`m Mo H$m Qw> {~H$ g ñh$ma Am{U EH$ oh$m Mo g H$mbrZ AgyZhr dojdojim Agbobm H$mi d d`mojq> `m Mmhr Ë`m À`m OS>U- KS>Urda n[aum Pmbobm Amho. XmoKm À`m n{hë`m ^oq>rv Jm YrOtZr hm d`mmm, Amnë`m {g{za [aq>rmm wôm CnpñWVhr Ho$bm hmovm. Jm YrOr åhumbo, "Am ~os>h$a, Vw Mm OÝ hr Pmbm ZìhVm VoìhmnmgyZ r h[aozm gmr>r H$m H$aVmò.' ~m~mgmho~m Zr `mda hoao~m~rnuo A{Ve` H$R>moa CÎma {Xbo hmovo. "Jm YrOr, AmYr OÝ bobo gjiom bmoh$ Agm Xmdm H$ê$ eh$vmv. àý Agm` H$s, hmë o `ovmv {Z OmVmV; Ë`m À`m wio gm mý` mugm Mm OrdZñVa C MmdVmo H$s $º$ Yyi VodT>r CS>Vo, hohr Vnmgbo Om`bm hdo.' AmO ho XmoKo AgVo Va XoemMr bmoh$emhr, g {dymz, ~hþgm ñh ${VH$Vm, Y {ZanojVm, ñdmv Í`, Ý`m`, g Vm Am{U ~ YwVm mgmr>r XmoKm Zr Amnmnbo V^oX ~moybm R>odyZ hmvmv hmv KmbyZ EH$Ì H$m Ho$bo AgVo. `m XmoKm hm mzdm Zm d XZ. àm. har ZaHo$, nwuo harinarke@gmail.com Mob.:

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29 gwaoe ÛmXerdma Zohê$ Á`m {Xder ^mavmmo n Vn«YmZ Pmbo Ë`m {Xder Vo Iè`m AWm Zo EH$Q>o d EH$mH$s Pmbo. nydu gmè`m amoh$s` {ZU `m Mm ^ma Jm YrOtÀ`m {eamda Agm`Mm. gmo~v gaxma, amo Ð~m~y, amomor `m gma»`m {X½JOm Mr d{hª$j H${ Q>r Agm`Mr. Ë`m wio {ZU `m À`m Mm Jë`m d dmb Q> Aem gjù m n[aum m Mr O~m~Xmar Ë`m gmè`m V dmq>br Om`Mr. Ë`mVhr gdm {YH$ ^ma Jm YrOtÀ`m mï`mda Om`Mm. AmVm Zohê$ gah$mamo gdm}ƒ n«wi hmovo. gah$ma d n«emgzmvrb gdm}àm {eiamda hmovo Am{U {eiamda OmJm Zoh rm $ma WmoS>r AgVo. Ë`mda Oo Vo EImÚmbmM d Vohr H$go~go amhvm `ovo. Ë`m wio n Vn«YmZnXmMm H$m` H$mi hm Zohê $gmr>r Ho$di gý mz d A{YH$maemhrMm H$mi ZìhVm. n«ë`oh$ {XdgmJ{UH$ EH$ Zdr narjm KoUmam d Ë`m narjomm {ZH$mb VmËH$mi gmè`m XoemÀ`m Z nq>bmda C Q>{dUmam Am{U Ë`mVë`m `emn`emmo mn Ë`m À`m nxamv Q>mH$Umam hmovm. Xoe EH$mË ZìhVm Am{U n«ë`j H$m±J«og njmvhr EH$dmŠ`Vm ZìhVr. `mm H$mimV MrZZo {V~oQ> Ü`o Amnbo g Ý` CVadyZ Vmo n«xoe Vmã`mV KoVbm d Amnbr gr m ^mavmà`m CÎmaobm AmUyZ {^S>{dbr hmovr. a{e`mmr amodq> MrZÀ`m ~moyzo Am{U A o[aho$mr hmgîmm ^mavm~m~v gme H$ d Xþï>mì`mMr ^y{ H$m KoD$ZM Ë`m H$mimV C^r hmovr. Zohê $Zm EdT>çm gjù`m g ñ`m Zm gm moao Om`Mo hmovo. 29

30 Jm YrOr XoemVë`m X Jbr e {dê`mv Jw Vbo hmovo. gaxmam gh AÝ` ZoVo Ë`m À`mdarb Zì`m O~m~Xmè`m g OyZ KoÊ`mV d Ë`m {ZH$mbmV H$mT>Ê`mV JT>bo hmovo. n Vn«YmZmMo nx Ë`m gmè`m Zm mj Xe Z H$aUmao, Ë`m À`m H$m mda ZOa R>odUmao, Ë`mVë`m MwH$m XþéñV H$aUmao Am{U Ë`mVë`m `mo½` ~m~tzm n«moëgmhz XoUmao hmovo. {edm` Ë`m À`m nxmda eoomar Xoem er g ~ Y amimd`mmm d XÿañW eº$sër Owi{dÊ`mMm ^ma hmovm. OJmVë`m H$moUË`mhr XoemÀ`m n«wimbm EdT>o gmao H$amdo bmjvom. mì Zì`mZo ñdv Ì Pmboë`m XoemÀ`m ZoË`mda `m gmè`m Jmoï>tgmo~VM Xoe OnÊ`mMo, bmoh$ mzg amor amiê`mmo, n«emgzmbm ZoV Ëd XoÊ`mMo, bmoh$emhr éo{dê`mmo, {Vbm AmYma XoUmè`m KQ>ZoÀ`m A b~omdurmo Am{U OwÝ`m gîmmymè`m hÿz Amnë`m gîmomo ñdê$n dojio d ñdv Ì amidê`mmohr CÎmaXm{`Ëd AgVo. Ë`mVyZ Zohê $À`m hmvr Ambobm Xoe gmym ZìhVm. Vmo Cnmer hmovm. ñdmv Í`mMm {Xdg COmS>Ê`mÀ`m nmmm df} AmYr ~ Jmb Ü`o ns>boë`m XþîH$mimV 40 bmim hyz A{YH$ mugo AÞmdmMyZ VS> $Sy>Z obr hmovr. H$bH$Î`mÀ`m añë`mda ê$z ns>boë`m A^m½`m Mr n«ovo CMbyZ eham~mhoa ZoÊ`mÀ`m H$m r eoh$s>mo mb moq>mar bmjë`m hmoë`m. XþîH$mi XoemÀ`m nmmdrbmm nyobm hmovm. gm mý`nuo Xa VrZ dfmªzr Xoe XþîH$mimbm gm moam OmV hmovm. Ë`mVyZ XoemÀ`m n Vn«YmZmMr n{hbr O~m~Xmarhr {Z{üV hmov hmovr. ñdmv Í`mÀ`m AmXë`m {Xder XoemMr $miur hmod$z Ë`mMm EH$-V Vr`m emedt>m mor>m ^mj Ë`mnmgyZ Xÿa Pmbm hmovm. XoemMo CËnÝZmMo mor>o òmov Va Ë`m wio Xþamdbo hmovo. {edm` XoemMr $miur Y m À`m Zmdmda Pmë`m wio Xÿa Pmboë`m nm{h$ñvmzmvyz qhxÿ {Zdm {gvm Mo bm T>o ^mavmv `ov hmovo. Ë`m Mr g»`mm EH$ H$moQ>r Xhm bmim hÿz A{YH$ hmovr. Ë`mMdoir ^mavmvyz nm{h$ñvmzmv OmUmè`m wgb mz {Zdm {gvm Mo bm T>ohr VodT>oM mor>o hmovo. bmoh$g»`omr B{VhmgmV Hw$R>ohr Pmbobr AXbm~Xb H$Yrhr em VVoV nyu Pmbr Zmhr. IyZ, bwq>mbyq>, mbm Mr nidmnidr, pñì`m damo AË`mMma Am{U n«m S> aº$nmv Ago gmao AZw^dVM OJmVë`m $miê`m Vmoda Pmë`m hmoë`m. ^mavmmr $miurhr Ë`mhÿZ dojir ZìhVr. OmUmè`m Zm gäju Úm`Mo hmovo. `oumè`m Zm Amgam Úm`Mm hmovm. Á`m Zr gd ñd J mdbo Ë`m Mo nwzd gz H$am`Mo hmovo. {edm` EH$ H$moQ>r Zì`m OZVoÀ`m AÝZ, dñì d {Zdmè`mMm n«íz hmovm. aº$ Wm ~{dvm `ov ZìhVo Am{U Aly Zm dmq> Úm`bmhr OmJm ZìhVr. Aem doir gmè`m À`m ZOam ñdm^m{dh$nuo XoemÀ`m ZoV Ëdmda åhuoo Zohê $da {Iië`m hmoë`m. nm{h$ñvmzà`m {Z{ Vr wio XoemMm ZwgVm Xþ^ JM Pmbm ZìhVm. Ë`mVbo AZoH$ n«xoe ^mavmnmgyz Xÿa hmoê`mmr d ñdv Ì amîq > ~ZÊ`mMr ^mfm Ë`m H$mimV ~mobv hmovo. n Om~mV mñq>a VmamqgJm À`m ZoV ËdmV I{bñVmZÀ`m MidirZo Omoa Yabm hmovm. X{jUoV Ð{dS>rñVmZMr mjur noq>v hmovr. nyd d n{ü ~ JmbMo ñdv Ì amï > ìhmdo Aer mjur ehrx gwèhmdxu d gw^mfm Ð ~mogm Mo ~ Yy eax~m~y H$arV hmovo. ÌmdUH$moa, ^monmi, h Ðm~mX `m Zm dojio ìhm`mo hmovo. {Unya d { Pmoam "Amåhmbm ñdv Ì H$am' Aer mjur H$arV hmovo. H$mí ramo amoo Ë`m Mo g ñwmz ^mavmv gm rb H$am`bm amor ZìhVo Am{U h Xam~mXMm {ZOm Ë`m Mo g ñwmz nm{h$ñvmzer OmoS>Ê`mÀ`m V`marV hmovm. Xoe EH$mË ZìhVm Am{U n«ë`j H$m±J«og njmvhr EH$dmŠ`Vm ZìhVr. `mm H$mimV MrZZo {V~oQ> Ü`o Amnbo g Ý` CVadyZ Vmo n«xoe Vmã`mV KoVbm d Amnbr gr m ^mavmà`m CÎmaobm AmUyZ {^S>{dbr hmovr. a{e`mmr amodq> MrZÀ`m ~moyzo Am{U A o[aho$mr hmgîmm ^mavm~m~v gme H$ d Xþï>mì`mMr ^y{ H$m KoD$ZM Ë`m H$mimV C^r hmovr. Zohê $Zm EdT>çm gjù`m g ñ`m Zm gm moao Om`Mo hmovo. EH$Q>çmZo d EH$mH$s À`m OmZodmarV Jm YrOtMm IyZ Pmbm Am{U 15 {S>g ~a 1950 amoor gaxmam Mm Ë`y Pmbm. Zohê $Mo XmoÝhr ~ih$q> gh`mojr Ago H$mimÀ`m ns>úmams> Pmbobo Am{U XoemVbr OZVm Ë`m À`mH$S>o AmeoZo nmhumar. " mâ`m g moa `m KQ>Ho$bm 45 H$moQ>r n«íz AmhoV' Ago dº$ì` Ë`mdoir Zohê $Zr EH$m nìn[afxov Ho$bo hmovo. EdT>çmdaM ho Wm ~Umao ZìhVo. Zohê $gmo~v AgUmar XmoZ mugo Ë`m Zm n«o mzo "^mb ' åhuv. EH$ O`n«H$me 30

31 Zmam`U Am{U Xþgao hmo r ^m^m. O`n«H$mem Mo Zohê $er ImgJrVrb g ~ Y gbmo»`mmo Agbo Var g modmxmà`m wúmda Vo Q>moH$mMr ^y{ H$m KoUmao hmovo. ñdmv Í` { ivmm H$m±J«og Ü`o amhê`mmr Ë`m Mr d Ë`m À`m H$m±J«og gmoe {bñq> nmq>umr JaO g nbr. {edm` AmVm Á m Mm H$m±J«ogda {dídmg Zmhr, Ë`m Zr nj gmos>mdm hr gaxmam Mr mjurhr hmovr. Ë`mZwgma {X. 24 mm 1948 `m {Xder Zm{eH$bm Pmboë`m njmà`m A{YdoeZmV O`n«H$mem Zr AmnU H$m±J«ognmgyZ Xÿa hmov Agë`mMr KmofUm Ho$br. Ë`mMdoir H$m±J«ogda Y mªy, bmoh$emhr{damoyr d hþhy$ emhr n«d Îmtda damî m dmt>bm Agë`mMm Amamonhr Ë`m À`m gmoe {cñq> njmzo Amnë`m EH$ homa eãxm À`m R>amdmV Ho$bm. Zohê$ ñdv bm g modmxr åhum`mo. nu g modmúm Zm Ë`m Mm H$m` H«$ Á`m KmB V A bmv AmUm`Mm hmovm Vr KmB Zohê$ Zm Oya ZìhVr. ñdmv Í`mÀ`m bt>çmzo {Xbobr yë`o d ^mavmmr na namjv Ü` mju ^y{ H$m `mda Ë`m Mm ^a hmovm. PmboM Va g modmúm Mr gaxma nq>ob Am{U Ë`m À`m ghh$mè`m gmo~vmo Zohê $Mo V^oX H$m` M hmovo. XoemVrb g ñwmzo (H$mí ra, h Ðm~mX d ÁmwZmJT>Mm AndmX djiyz) nq>obm À`m n«`ëzm wio XoemV {dbrz Pmbr hmovr. mì `m {d{bzrh$aumà`m doir `m g ñwmzm À`m n«wim Zm VZIo XoÊ`mMo gaxmam Zr gah$maà`m dvrzo mý` Ho$bo hmovo H$moQ>r én`m Mr hr ašh$ H$a wº$ amiê`mmo A{YH$mahr `m g ñwm{zh$m Zm Ë`mV hmovo. gaxmam Zm hm H$ama KQ>ZoV g m{dï> H$ê$Z Ë`mbm gah$ma d OZVoÀ`m A{^dMZmMm XOm Úm`Mm hmovm. Zohê $Zm Aem VZ»`m Mr d Ë`m Zm KQ>ZoV g m{dîq> H$aÊ`mMr ~m~ wimvm A mý` hmovr. H$m±J«ogÀ m A{YdoeZmV Zohê$ Am{U nq>oc 31

32 amoh$maumvbr VmH$Xhr Vo AmoiIyZ hmovo. Amnbm H$m` H«$ A bmv AmUm`bm hm ehar bmoh$m Mm Cƒ^«y nj Ag W Agë`mMo Vo Mm Jbo OmUyZ hmovo. mì g modmúm À`m Xÿa OmÊ`mZo AmnU Amnbo {dídmgmmo g W H$ J mdë`mmo Xþ I Ë`m À`m ZmV hmovo. 1 Owb 1948 amoor n. JmoqdX dëb^n Vm Zm {b{hboë`m nìmv Vo åhuvmv, "O`n«H$me hm EH$ gai ZmMm d ZoH$ {XbmMm muyg Amho. Vmo Mm[aÍ`g nýz Amho. Agm muyg Amnë`mnmgyZ Xÿa OmUo Mm Jbo Zmhr!' mì Amnë`m ~immm nwaogm A XmO ZgUmè`m O`n«H$mem Zr nwt>o 10 {S>g ~a 1948 amoor Zohê $ZmM EH$ ^mfu EoH${dbo. Vo åhumbo, "Vwåhr ^m S>dbXmam À`m XVrZo g modmx AmUy nmhvm. Vw Mo An`e {ZpíMV Amho!' Z VaÀ`m H$mimV Va Zohê$ Xoemda ${gp bmxv AmhoV, Agm Amamon H$aÊ`mn`ªV Ë`m Mm Jë`m mugmmr Ob Jobr. Am{U dmñvd ho H$s, Ë`m H$mimV Zohê $Mm eãx Ë`m À`m njmvhr AIoaMm R>aV ZìhVm. Ë`mda COì`m {dmmamà`m bmoh$m Mr nh$s> mor>r hmovr... $miurz VaMm XoemMm H$mi ZmZohr "Bñbm {damoyr' d H$mhrgm nq>obm À`m ~moyzo PwH$bm hmovm. Ë`mVM S>mdo (g modmxr) H$m±J«og~mhoa ns>ë`mzo COì`m VmMo doz Ë`m njmv dmt>bo hmovo. Ë`mM wio 6 OmZodmar 1948 `m {Xder bizm À`m g^ov ~mobvmzm gaxma nq>obm Zr "amï >r` ñd` godh$ g Kmbm H$m±J«og Ü`o n«doe H$aÊ`mMo' gai Am ÌUM {Xbo! Vo åhumbo " r wgb mzm Zm Amnbm { Ì mzvmo. mì Ë`m Zr Ë`m À`m ^mavmdarb {Zð>oMo n«mu {Xbo nm{hoo. H$m±J«og Yrb AZoH$ gîmmymè`m Zm, Vo g Kmbm g ndy eh$vrb Ago dmq>v Agbo Var Vo Iao Zìho. H$moUVrhr g KQ>Zm gîmoà`m ~imda g n{dvm `ov Zmhr. dmñv{dh$ hm H$mi g KmZo H$m±J«og Ü`o `od$z Ë`m njmvrb amï >dmxr {dmmam Zm ~ih$q> Ho$bo nm{hoo!' nq>obm À`m ~mobê`mmm amoi AWm VM Zohê $da hmovm. amo Ð n«gmxm gma»`m ZoË`mÀ`m ^y{ H$mhr Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ H$S>ì`m d Q>moH$mÀ`m hmoë`m. 17 gßq> ~a 1948 `m {Xder Zohê $Zm {b{hboë`m nìmv Vo åhumco, " wgb mzm Zm bîh$ammo gäju XoÊ`mMo Vw Mo YmoaU H$m±J«ogMr bmoh${n«`vm d Vo H$ r H$aUmao Amho, Vo Vwåhr Wm ~{dbo nm{hoo.' amo Ð~m~y Zm {b{hboë`m CÎmamV {X. 19 gßq> ~aà`m nìmv Zohê$ åhuvmv, "Omoda ~mny Mm dmh$ hmovm Vmoda AmnU gmaom EH$amï >r`ëdmmr ^mfm ~mobv hmovmo. Ë`mV Y dm OmVrbm ñwmz ZìhVo. AmO Ooìhm Y m À`m Zmdmda H$Îmbr hmov AmhoV Am{U H«$m `m À`m H$Wm Zr gmè`m Mr Zo CX²ÜdñV Ho$br AmhoV, Voìhm Aer ^mfm dmnauo Amnë`mbm Z emo^umao Amho'. Vo nwt>o åhuvmv, " bm n Vn«YmZnXmMr AmdS> Zmhr. Omon`ªV AmnU H$mhr `m Xm d yë`o OmonmgV Zmhr Vmoda { i{dboë`m ñdmv Í`mbmhr $magm AW CaV Zmhr. Vwåhr gm JVm Vgo Ho$ë`mZo AmnU ñdßzmv nm{hbobm ^mav H$Yr ApñVËdmVM `ouma Zmhr!' n«ë`jmv gaxma d amo Ð n«gmx hohr Y amá`dmxr ZìhVo. na Vw $miurà`m KQ>Zm Zr Ë`m Zm wpñb {damoyr ~Z{dbo hmovo. AZoH$ wpñb A{YH$mar $miurz Vahr ^mavmv am{hbo Agbo Var Vo ^mavmer EH${Zð> amhuma ZmhrV Ago Ë`m XmoKm Zmhr, (qhxÿ hmg^oà`m í`m mn«gmx wiovà muom) dmq>v hmovo. ^mavmv am{hbobo wgb mz hr nm{h$ñvmzmv am{hboë`m qhxÿ À`m gwa{jvvomr h r Amho, AgoM Ë`m {VKm Mo V hmovo. mì 30 OmZodmar 1948 `m {Xder ZWwam JmoS>goZo Jm YrOtMm IyZ Ho$bm Voìhm Ë`m À`m hm VmËå`mÀ`m H$S>H$S>mQ>mZo gmam Xoe hmxabm. Vmo hmxam nq>ob d n«gmxm Zmhr hmovm. EdT>m H$s, Ë`mZ VaÀ`m XrS> {hý`mv nq>obm Zm öx`{dh$mammm Vrd«PQ>H$m Ambm Am{U Ë`m Zm {dlm VrgmR>r S>ohamSy>Zbm hbdmdo bmjbo. mì $miurvrb X JbtZr H$m±J«ogMo AZoH$ ZoVo Ë`m À`m VmH$S>o Ë`m H$mimV dibo hmovo ho dmñvd Amho. Ë`mV {~YZM Ð am `m nmgyz X{jUoVrb AZoH$ H$m±J«og ZoË`m Mm g mdoe hmovm. "Á`m n«mumv ^mavmv qhxÿ `ovrb Ë`m n«mumv nm{h$ñvmzmv wgb mz admzm Ho$bo OmVrb' Aer gai Y H$s Zohê $Zr nm{h$ñvmzbm Úmdr Aer gymzm H$aÊ`mn`ªV `m ZoË`m Mr Voìhm Ob Jobr hmovr. Zohê$ `m X~mdmnwT>o PwH$bo ZmhrV Am{U Ë`m Zr Ë`m Mo gd Y g ^mdmmo YmoaU Amnë`m g ÁmwVrn«mUo H$R>moanUo am~{dbo. Zohê $Zm Xþgam g Kf H$amdm bmjbm Vmo amo Ð~m~y er. `mdoir amo Ð~m~y Zr XoemV JmodY~ Xr Ho$br Omdr d 32

33 Ë`mg ~ YrMr Jm YrOtMr BÀN>m gah$mazo VmËH$mi nyu H$amdr Aer mjur {Ì S>imV Ho$br. Ë`m{df`rMo EH$ g{dñva nìhr Ë`m Zr n Vn«YmZm Zm {b{hbo. 7 Am JñQ> 1948 amoor amoo Ð~m~y Zm {b{hboë`m CÎmamV Zohê$ åhuvmv, "JmodY~ XrMm {dmma ~mny Zr Ho$bm ho dmñvd Amnë`mEdT>oM bmhr Mm Jbo R>mdyH$ Amho. mì H$moUVmhr {ZU ` Ë`mÀ`m gd n[aum m Mm {dmma H$ê$Z KoVbm Omdm Agohr ~mny åhuv. AmnU gah$mamv AmhmoV, Ë`m wio Aem n[aum m {df`rmr ì`mnh$ MMm H$ê$ZM Ë`m{df`rMm {ZU ` KoVbm nm{hoo. JmodY ~ XrMr gü`m gwê$ Agbobr Midi am H $îu Xmb{ `m `m CÚmoJnVrZo Amnë`m n emà`m ~imda Mmb{dbr Amho. Vr bmoh$midi Zmhr. EH$mM VèhoMr d EH$Ì {bhÿz gah$mah$s>o nmr>{dbobr `mg ~ YrMr nìo ZwgVr nm{hbr Var `m MidirMm ~mob{dvm YZr Amnë`m bjmv `oumam Amho. {edm` Xmb{ `m ho $mago Mm Jbo J hñw ZmhrV ho Vwåhrhr OmUVmM!' (Xmb{ `m `m CÚmoJnVrda ~hþnëzrëdmà`m Amamonmdê$Z d Y mªy MiditZm n gm nwa{dê`mdê$z 1940 À`m XeH$mV Zohê$ Am{U nq>obm À`m V^oXm Mm EH$ {df` amo Ð~m~y hmhr hmovm. bm S> md$ Q>~ Q>Z `m À`m nümv JìhZ a OZacMr OmJm KoUmao MH«$dVu amojmonmbmmmar `m ZrM XoemMo amï >nvrnx ^yfdmdo hr Zohê $Mr BÀN>m. Va `m OmJr amo Ð~m~y Zr `mdo hm nq>obm Mm {dmma. `m XmoÝhr ~moy OZVog moa Amë`m Voìhm Zohê $ZrM Ë`m OmJr `mdo hm nq>obm Mm Ë`mdaMm VmoS>Jm. `m gmè`m ~mámy OZVog moa Amë`m Voìhm Zohê$ ZrM amo Ð~m~y Zm nì {bhyz, Ë`m Zr Amnbo Zmd mjo mdo d Ë`mEodOr amojmonmbmmmatmo Zmd gwmdmdo Aer {dz Vr Ho$br. nu Ë`mda amo Ð~m~y Zr {Xbobo CÎma amoh$s` hmovo. Vo åhumbo "`m~m~v Vw Mo d gaxmam Mo EH$ V hmov Agob Va r mpo Zmd mjo `m`bm V`ma Amho'... S>m. amo ÐàgmX, n. Zohê$ Am{U amojmonmbmmmar 33

34 nmo{bgm Zr bj R>odbo hmovo ho `owo C oizr`.) gaxma nq>ob Am{U Ë`m À`m ghh$mè`m gmo~vmo Zohê $Mo V^oX H$m` M hmovo. XoemVrb g ñwmzo (H$mí ra, h Ðm~mX d ÁmwZmJT>Mm AndmX djiyz) nq>obm À`m n«`ëzm wio XoemV {dbrz Pmbr hmovr. mì `m {d{bzrh$aumà`m doir `m g ñwmzm À`m n«wim Zm VZIo XoÊ`mMo gaxmam Zr gah$maà`m dvrzo mý` Ho$bo hmovo H$moQ>r én`m Mr hr ašh$ H$a wº$ amiê`mmo A{YH$mahr `m g ñwm{zh$m Zm Ë`mV hmovo. gaxmam Zm hm H$ama KQ>ZoV g m{dï> H$ê$Z Ë`mbm gah$ma d OZVoÀ`m A{^dMZmMm XOm Úm`Mm hmovm. Zohê $Zm Aem VZ»`m Mr d Ë`m Zm KQ>ZoV g m{dîq> H$aÊ`mMr ~m~ wimvm A mý` hmovr. ~aom {Xdg MMm d IS>mO Jr Mmbbr. Zohê $Mo {Ì S>i hr Ë`mda {d^mjbo hmovo. AIoa Zohê $Zr Amnbm AmJ«h mjo KoVbm d nq>obm Mr ^y{ H$m mý` Ho$br. KQ>ZoV mb ÎmoÀ`m A{YH$mamMm g mdoe H$amdm `m Vm mjo gaxma, Va Vmo H$ê$ Z`o `m ^y{ Ho$Mo Zohê$ hmovo. XoemVrb O rzxmar g ndm`mr d Hw$im Zm O{ Zr XoÊ`mMr Zohê $Mr V`mar hmovr. Va Vgo H$ê$Z J«m ru OZVoVrb O rzxmam Mm amof g K{Q>VnUo C^m hmoê`mmr {^Vr gaxmam Zm dmq>v hmovr. `mhrdoir Zohê $Zr mkma KoVbr d mb ÎmoMm A{YH$ma KQ>ZoV g m{dï> Pmbm. nwt>o gaxmam À`m Ë`yZ Va KQ>ZoV XþéñVr H$ê$Z "gmd O{ZH$ {hvmgmr>r EImÚmMr mb Îmm H$mTy>Z KoÊ`mMm d {VMm mo~xbm R>a{dÊ`mMm A{YH$ma gah$mabm amhrc' Aer KQ>ZmXþéñVr 1951 Ü`oM Zohê $Zr H$ê$Z KoVbr. gah$mazo R>a{dboë`m mo~xë`m{déõ Hw$Umbmhr Ý`m`mb`mV Xmdm XmIc H$aVm `ouma Zmhr Aer VaVyXhr Zì`m XþéñVrÛmao (1955 Ü`o) Ho$br Jobr. ñdmv Í mz Va nq>ob Am{U Zohê$ Yrb V^oX CKS> Pmbo hmovo À`m {S>g ~abm nq>obm Zr Cnn VàYmZ, J h ÌrnXmMm amorzm m XoÊ`mMrM V`mar Ho$br hmovr. Zohê$ Amnë`m Ìmb`mÀ`m H$m H$mOmV hñvjon H$aVmV, Agm Ë`mdoir Ë`m Mm Amamon hmovm. Ë`mbm XmoZ H$maUo Pmbr. OwZmJS>Mo g ñwmz {dbrz H$ê$Z KoVmZm, bîh$amzo Ho$boë`m H$madmB V AÝ`m` Pmë`mÀ`m VH«$mar Amë m Voìhm Zohê $Zr Ë`mMr Mm H$er H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$m nwéfmoîm Xmg Q> S>Z Am`moJmMr {Z`wº$s Ho$br. gaxmam Zm Vmo Ë`m À`m H$m` joìmvrb hñvjon dmq>bm. Z Va H$mí ramm n«íz g `wº$ amï >g KmV ZoÊ`mMm {ZU ` gah$mazo KoVbm Voìhm Vmo n«íz g ñwmzm Mm Z amhvm Am Vaamï >r` Pmë`mZo Zohê $Zr Vmo naamï > Ìmb`mÀ`m AIË`m[aV KoVbm. gaxmam Mm Ë`m {ZU mdahr amj hmovm. mì `m V^oXm À`m H$mimV Ë`m XmoKm Mr g OyV H$mT>m`bm Jm Yr hmovo. Ë`mhr doir Zohê$ d nq>ob `m À mvrb gm Xmh Ago H$s, EH$m {dxoer nìh$mambm {Xboë`m wbmivrv Zohê$ åhumbo, " r ZwgVm ZOaoMm Bemam Ho$bm Var gaxma amorzm m XoVrb Am{U Ë`m Mm Vgm Bemam { imbm H$s rhr mpo nx gmos>oz, ho Amåhm XmoKm Zmhr Mm Jbo R>mdyH$ Amho Am{U Ë`mda njmmmhr {dídmg Amho!' `mm H$mimV XoemMo CÚmoJ ÌrnX gm ^miumè`m í`m mn«gmx wiou `m Zr, XoemÀ`m Am Úmo{JH$ YmoaUmMm EH$ AmamIS>m V`ma H$ê$Z Vmo {Ì S>imbm gmxa Ho$bm. Vmo AmamIS>m ^m S>dbXmam Zm d CÚmoOH$m Zm A^` XoUmam Am{U l{ H$m Mo A{YH$ma H$ r H$aUmam hmovm. nq>obm Zr Vmo A mý` Ho$bm d Vmo V`ma H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar 34

35 ñdv H$S>o KoVbr. Ë`mdoir wiovzm {b{hboë`m 5 mm 1948 À`m nìmv gaxmam Zr {c{hco. "Vw Mm AmamIS>m H$m±J«ogÀ`m `moozm Zm VS>o XoUmam d OZVoV gah$ma{df`r gë` CËnÝZ H$aUmam Amho. ho gah$ma gm mý` mugm À`m {hvmmr OnUyH$ H$aUmao Amho, `m~ôb AmnU gx d gmdy Agbo nm{hoo'. wiovà`m amorzmå`mmr gwédmv `m V^oXmV Amho, ho `owo bjmv `m`mo. Zohê$ Am{U nq>obm À`m V^oXm Mm EH$ {df` amo Ð~m~y hmhr hmovm. bm S> md$ Q>~ Q>Z `m À`m nümv JìhZ a OZacMr OmJm KoUmao MH«$dVu amojmonmbmmmar `m ZrM XoemMo amï >nvrnx ^yfdmdo hr Zohê $Mr BÀN>m. Va `m OmJr amo Ð~m~y Zr `mdo hm nq>obm Mm {dmma. `m XmoÝhr ~moy OZVog moa Amë`m Voìhm Zohê $ZrM Ë`m OmJr `mdo hm nq>obm Mm Ë`mdaMm VmoS>Jm. `m gmè`m ~mámy OZVog moa Amë`m Voìhm Zohê$ ZrM amo Ð~m~y Zm nì {bhyz, Ë`m Zr Amnbo Zmd mjo mdo d Ë`mEodOr amojmonmbmmmatmo Zmd gwmdmdo Aer {dz Vr Ho$br. nu Ë`mda amo Ð~m~y Zr {Xbobo CÎma amoh$s` hmovo. Vo åhumbo "`m~m~v Vw Mo d gaxmam Mo EH$ V hmov Agob Va r mpo Zmd mjo `m`bm V`ma Amho'... `mvyz Oo g Om`Mo Vo g OyZ Zohê $Zr amojmonmbmmmatà`m ZmdmMm AmJ«h gmos>bm. Z VaMm dmx H$m±J«og njmà`m AÜ`jnXm~m~VMm Ü`o njmà`m AÜ`jnXmgmR>r d{hª$j H${ Q>rZo AH$am ZoË`m À`m Zmdm Mr `mxr V`ma H$ê$Z Vr Zohê $À`m ng VrgmR>r Ë`m À`mH$S>o nmr>{dbr. Ë`mV n{hë`m H«$ m H$mda Zohê $Mo d Xþgè`m H«$ m H$mda AmMm` H $nbmztmo Zmd hmovo. `mxrvrb AIoaMo AH$amdo Zmd nwéfmoîm Xmg Q> S>Z `m Mo hmovo. Zohê $Zr AÜ`jnX ñdrh$mam`bm ZH$ma {Xbm. n Vn«YmZnX gm ^mivmzm H$m±J«ogMo AÜ`jnXhr r ñdv H$S>o KoUo ho bmoh$emhrbm Yê$Z Zmhr, Ago Ë`m Zr d{hª$j H${ Q>rbm H$i{dbo. mì Ë`mEodOr Ë`m Zr H $nbmztà`m ZmdmMr, (Ë`m À`mer V^oX AgVmZmhr) {e $mag Ho$br. nq>ob d amo Ð~m~y À`m ZmV Q> S>Z `m Mo Zmd hmovo. Ë`mbm ~ JmbÀ`m {~YZM Ð am `m gh AZoH$m Mr mý`vm Ë`m Zr { i{dbr hmovr. Q> S>Z ho CKS>nUo qhxþëddmxr hmovo. " $miurz Va wgb mzm Zr qhxÿ g ñh $Vr ñdrh$mamdr. O àh$me Zmam U O bom Va Ë`m Zr Vmo Y hr ñdrh$mamdm' Aer ^mfuo Vo CÎma n«xoemv gmvë`mzo H$arV hmovo. COì`m {dmmam Zm d Y mªy eº$s Zm Ë`m Mm nmqr>~m hmovm d Vmohr Vo OmhranUo gm JV hmovo. Ë`mdoir CÎma n«xoemo w»` Ìr n.jmoqdx dëb^ n V `m Zm nì {bhÿz "Q> S>Z `m Zm AmdaÊ`mMr' gymzm Zohê $Zr Ho$br. hm {dmma H$m±J«ogÀ`m yë`m er d {dmmaymaoer OwiUmam Zmhr, Vmo XoemV nwýhm Ym{ H$ Xþhr mo{dumam Amho, Agohr Ë`mV Ë`m Zr {b{hbo... nwt>o AÜ`jnXmMr {ZdS>UyH$ Pmbr Voìhm Q> S>Z `m Zm 1306, H $nbmztzm 1092 Va e H$aamd Xodm Zm 203 Vo ns>br. mì `mdoir Zohê $Zr Z Vo KoVbo Zmhr. Ë`m Zr Q> S>Z `m Mo A{^Z XZ H$am`bm ZH$ma {Xbm. {edm` "Vw Mr YmoaUo nj d Xoe `m Zm Ë`mÀ`m Iè`m dmq>odê$z Xÿa ZoVrb' Agohr Ë`m Zm EoH${dbo. Q> S>Z `m Zr AÜ`jr` H$maH$sX gwê$ Pmë`mZ Vahr Amnbo OwZoM YmoaU OmhranUo gm Jm`bm gwédmv Ho$br, Voìhm g Vmnboë`m Zohê $Zr d{hª$j H${ Q>rÀ`m gxñ`ëdmmm amorzm mm Ë`m H${ Q>rH$S>o nmr>{dbm. n Vn«YmZm dmmyz H$m` H$m[aUr, hm {df` Ë`m H${ Q>rMo doz Kmb{dUmam Am{U {Vbm 35

36 í m màgmx wiou hmñ`mñnx ~Z{dUmam hmovm. n[aum r Q> S>Z `m ZrM amorzm m {Xbm d Ë`m nxmda 9 gßq> ~a 1951 amoor Zohê $MrM {ZdS> Ho$br Jobr. Z VaMm dmx qhxÿ H$moS> {~bm~m~vmm. Ë`m {dyò H$mZo {ó`m Zm {Xbobo A{YH$ma H$ R>m À`m djm bm mý` hmoumao ZìhVo. Vo {~b g gxov AmUbo OmD$ Z`o `mgmr>rm J njmvrb COì`m {dmmamà`m bmoh$m Zr H $~a H$gbr. Ë`mgmR>r Vo n«ë`j amo Ð~m~y n`ªv nmohmbo. Ë`mdoir XoemMo amï >nvrnx ^yfdrv Agboë`m amo Ð~m~y Zr {Ì S>imbm ~moybm gmê$z, n«ë`j bmoh$g^oà`m g^mnvtzmm, (AZ V e`z ² Aæ` Jma `m Zm) Vo {dyò H$ MM}bm KoD$ ZH$m Aer Amkm Ho$br. hm KQ>Zm~mhç n«h$ma hmovm. amï >nvrzo {Ì S>imÀ`m gëë`mzwgma {ZU ` `m`mo AgVmV Am{U amo Ð~m~y {Ì S>imbmM ~moybm gmav hmovo. `mdoir nwýhm Zohê $Zr Ë`m À`mer bt>v KoD$Z n Vn«YmZnXmMm amorzm m Ë`m À`mH$S>o nmohmomvm Ho$bm. Zohê $Mr bmoh${n«`vm Voìhm EdT>r O~a hmovr H$s, Ë`m À`m amorzmå`mzo amï >nvrm hmxabo d g^mnvtzm nmr>{dbobo Vo AmXoedOm nì mjo KoVbo. amo Ð~m~y Mo H$mhr Amjonhr M ËH$m[aH$ d n«g Jr ~m{be dmq>mdo Ago AgV. Amnbr KQ>Zm bmjy H$ê$Z ^mavmbm JUamÁ` ~Z{dÊ`mMr R>abobr VmarI 26 OmZodmar hr hmovr. mì hm {Xdg Á`mo{Vî`m Zr Aew^ Agë`mMo amo Ð~m~y Zm gm {JVbo. Ë`m wio Vr VmarI ~XbÊ`mMm hå> Ë`m Zr Yabm. `mhrdoir "`m XoemMm amá`h$ma^ma AmnU Mmb{dUma AmhmoV H$s XoemVbo Á`mo{Vfr' Agm n«íz {dmmê$z Zohê $Zr Ë`m Zm Jßn Ho$bo. dmñvd ho H$s 26 OmZodmar hm Amnbm ñdmv Í`{XZ åhuyz gmoam H$aÊ`mMo YmoaU H$m±J«ogZo 1930 Ü`oM ñdrh$mabo hmovo d Ë`m {ZU `mmo EH$ ^mjrxma amo Ð~m~yhr hmovo. Z Va Pmboë`m Zm{eH$À`m H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmV ñdv Zohê $ZrM EH$ R>amd m Sy>Z Ë`mV "H$m±J«og nj Jm YrOtÀ`m mjm dê$z H$Yr T>iUma Zmhr Am{U Ë`m Mr {eh$du Vmo {dgauma Zmhr' Ago åhuvmzmm "H$m±J«og nj gx d OmVr`Vm d Y mªyvm `m Zm {damoy H$arb d gd Y g ^mdmmo gd g mdoeh$ YmoaU nwt>o Mmbdrb' ho ñnï> Ho$bo. n«m S> ~hþ VmZo (Mma OUm À`m {damoymgh) Vmo R>amd Ámya Pmbm. Ë`m A{YdoeZmÀ`m AÜ`jnXmda S>m.nÅ>m{^ {gvmam æ`m hmovo. mì H$m±J«ogÀ`m AÜ`jnXmMm Xamam AmVm mdibm hmovm Am{U Zohê $À`m A{YH$mamnwT>o d bmoh${n«`vonwt>o Hw$UmMo $mago H$mhr MmboZmgo Pmbo hmovo. njmvbm g Kf g nvmm Zohê $Zr XoemÀ`m EH$mË VonwT>o C^r Pmbobr AmìhmZo g ndm`bm gwédmv Ho$br. n Om~mV mñq>a VmamqgJm Zm AQ>H$ hmod$z VoWrb I{bñVmZMr Midi g n{dbr Jobr. eaxm Ð ~mog `m Zm Amnë`m Ìr S>imV KoD$Z Ë`m Zm ñdv Ì ~ JmbMr mjur gmos>m`bm bmdbo Jobo À`m {ZdS>UwH$sV X{jUoVrb gd amá`m V n«m S> ~hw V { idyz Ð{dS>rñVmZÀ`m mjur mjo OZ V Zgë`mMohr Zohê $Zr {gõ Ho$bo. (Odmhabmb Zohê$ `m À mdarc coi mcm nwt>rc ghm {hzo gmyzmvyz H«$ e: à{gõ hmouma Amho, Ë mvrc hm n{hcm coi.) gwaoe ÛmXerdma ZmJnya sdwadashiwar@gmail.com Mob. :

37 Xþgè m gmd {ÌH$ {ZdS>UwH$sZ Vahr n VàYmZ Odmhabmb Zohê$ `m Mr bmoh${à`vm H$m` hmovr Am{U Ë`m À`m gîmobm H$moUVohr AmìhmZ ZìhVo. A{YH$m e amá`m V H$m±J«ogMr gîmm hmovr. Ho$di Ho$ai Ü`o 5 E{àb 1957 amoor B.E.Eg. Z ~wðrnmx `m À`m ZoV ËdmImbr bmoh$emhr mjm Zo {ZdSy>Z Ambobo XoemVrb n{hbo H$å`w{ZñQ> gah$ma hmovo, nu Ë`m Mo Am{U H $Ð gah$mamo g ~ Y Mm Jbo ZìhVo. Vo g ~ Y BVHo$ {~KS>bo H$s, 31 Owb 1959 gwxrn R>mHy$a 37

38 amoor Z ~wðrnmx `m Mo gah$ma H $Ð gah$mazo ~aimñv Ho$bo. amá` nwzj R>Z Am`moJmÀ`m {e $maerda AmYm[aV amá`m Mo {Z`moOZ hmod$z À`m Xaå`mZ H$mhr Zdr amá`o ~Zbr hmovr. Am`moJmÀ`m {e $maetà`m AmYmamdaM 1 o 1960 amoor ~m å~o ñq>oq>mo {d^moz Pmbo. Ë`mMm n[aum åhuyz XmoZ Zdr amá`o- EH$ hmamï > Am{U Xþgao JwOamV- ~Zbr. {VH$S>o ZmJm d {dðmohr ho Zohê$ gah$magmr>r AmìhmZ ~Zbo hmovo. eodq>r 30 Owb 1960 amoor ZmJm nrnëg H$ÝìhoeZZo n VàYmZ Zohê$ `m Zm EH$ o moa S> gmondbm Am{U ^mavr` g KmÀ`m A VJ VM ñdv Ì ZmJmb±S> amá`mmr mjur Ho$br. H $Ð gah$magmr>r hr Mm JbrM KQ>Zm hmovr. H$maU ZmJm {dðmohr EH$ dojio amá` mjv hmovo, nu ^mavmv amhm`bm V`ma hmovo. hr Aer H$mhr mjur ZìhVr H$s, Á`mda {dmma Ho$bm OmD$ eh$v ZìhVm. `mxaå`mz nyd nm{h$ñvmzmvyz `oumè m ~m Jcm eaumwvà`m g ñ`odaxoirb Cnm` emoybm Jobm hmovm. OyZ 1957 Ü o Pmboë`m amï >r` {dh$mg n[afxoà`m ~ R>H$s Ü`o Am nmm[ah$ ê$nmzo Ago R>a{dÊ`mV Ambo H$s, XoemÀ`m Ü`mdarb KZXmQ> O Jbm Ü o Agboco X S>H$maÊ` joì `m eaumwvzm H$m` ñdê$nmv dgdê`mgmr>r {dh${gv H$aÊ`mV `ob b. Iao åhuoo A{d^m{OV Ü àxoemvrb X S>H$maÊ`mÀ`m ^mjmv `m {ZU `m{df`r {VWo amhumè`m Am{XdmgtÀ`m ZmV gë` hmovm. Vgohr " m{bh$ H$~wOm'À`m AmSy>Z O JbmVrb PmS>m Mr Or H$Îmb Mmbbr hmovr, Ë`m wio Am{Xdmgr Ìmgbo hmovo. mor>çm g»`ozo eaumwvzm {VWo dgdm`mo Agob, Va O Jb gm $ Ho$ë`m{edm` Vo eš`m ZìhVo. ñwm{zh$ ñvamda eaumwvzm dgdê`mgmr>r {damoy gwê$ Pmbm hmovm. nu g K{Q>V ê$nmzo `m {damoymmo ñda {X rn`ªv nmohmomy eh$bobo ZìhVo. H $Ð gah$mazo g nyu XoemV Am{XdmgtÀ`m pñwvrmm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mgmR>r {H$Ë`oH$ H${ Q>çm {Z`wº$ Ho$ë`m hmoë`m. Ë`m Mo [anmoq> XoIrb gah$mabm àmá Pmbobo hmovo. `mvrb EH$m H${ Q>rMr O~m~Xmar do[a`ma EpëdZ `m À`mH$S>o gmon{dê`mv Ambr hmovr. `m H${ Q>rMr {Z`wº$s J h Ìmb`mZo Ho$br hmovr. do[a`ma EpëdZ EH$ B J«O hmovo. Amnë`m H$[aAaMr gwédmv Ë`m Zr B ½b S> Ü`o {ejh$ åhuyz Ho$br hmovr. nu Z Va Vo { ezarà`m ê$nmv ^mavmv Ambo hmovo. ñdmv Í { iê`mnydu Ë`m Zr XoemÀ`m Ü`dVu ^mjmv- {deofv ~ñva ^mjmv- Am{Xdmgt Ü`o Iyn H$mi Kmbdbm hmovm Am{U ñdmv Í { ion`ªv Ë`m Mr AmoiI EH$ Am{Xdmgr H$m` H$Vm d mzdd eemók AerM ~Zbr hmovr. Ë`m Zr {H$Vr Var nwñvho$ {b{hbr hmovr. Ë`mVrb ~ñvaà`m Am{Xdmgtg ~ YmV {b{hbobr Ë`m Mr nwñvho$ MMo V hmovr. "X Qḿ`~b dës> Am $ do[a`a EpëdZ' `m ZmdmZo {b{hboë`m Ë`m À`m AmË H$Wobm 1965 Ü o gm{hë` AH$mX r nwañh$mamzo gý m{zv H$aÊ`mV Ambo. ñdmv Í { imë`mz Va bjomm n VàYmZ Zohê$ Zr Ë`m Zm nydm}îma àxoemvrc Am{XdmgtMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Ë`mda CÎmao emoyê`mmr O~m~Xmar gmondbr hmovr. EH$ àh$mao Vo Am{Xdmgtg ~ YmV Zohê$ `m À`m g mjmamà`m ^y{ Ho$V hmovo. J h Ìmb`mZo Am{XdmgtÀ`m n[apñwvrmm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1 o 1959 amoor H${ Q>r ñwmnz Ho$br hmovr. H${ Q>rMo AÜ`j `m ZmË`mZo do[a`ma EpëdZ `m Zm Xoe^amVrb 43 {deof ~hþôoer` Am{Xdmgr ãbm ŠgÀ`m pñwvrmm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Amnbm [anmoq> V`ma H$am`Mm hmovm. Oo ãbm Šg AË` V mjmgbobo åhuyz Zm Xdbo Jobo hmovo; Á`m Zm Xþgè m n Mdm{f H$ `moozo Ü`o g m{dï> H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV Ambo hmovo, Aem Mm Ë`m [anmoq> Ü`o g mdoe AgUma hmovm. `m 43 ãbm Šg Ü`o Ü àxoemvrb A{d^m{OV ~ñva {OëømVrb X VodmS>m Am{U Zmam`Unya `m À`m~amo~a eoomarb ~m å~o ñq>oq> Yrb Mm Xm {OëømVrb Ahoar ãbm ŠgMmhr g mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmovm. EpëdZì`{V[aº$ `m H${ Q>rV Oo nmm AÝ` gxñ` hmovo, Ë`mV am`nyamo VËH$mbrZ H${ eza Ama.gr.ìhr.nr. ZamoÝhmXoIrb gm rb hmovo. ñdmv Í`mnydu MmirgÀ`m XeH$mV gr.nr. A±S> ~oama àm Vm Ü`o ^mavr` àemgh$s godovyz Ambobo ZamoÝhm ho am`nyamo H${ eza åhuyz {Z`wº$ hmoê`mnydu A{d^m{OV ~ñva Ü`o OdiOdi ghm df o S>oß`wQ>r H${ eza åhuyz H$m H$arV hmovo. Ë`m Zm 1956 Ü o amá`m À`m nwzj R>ZmZ Va ~Zboë`m Zì m Ü àxoemvrb O~bnya hgyc {d^mjmmo n{hbo H${ eza åhuyz nmr>dê`mv 38

39 amohw$ ma H$m coo, am nya (N>ÎmrgJS>) Ambo hmovo. Am{U OdiOdi VrZ dfmªz Va 1959 Ü o Ë`m Zm am`nyabm nmr>dê`mv Ambo. åhuoo H${ Q>rV EpëdZ Am{U ZamoÝhm `m À`m ê$nmzo XmoZ Ago gxñ` hmovo, Oo X S>H$maÊ`- {deofv N>ÎmrgJS>À`m Am{Xdmgr joìm~ôbmr Mm Jbr m{hvr AgUmao hmovo. Á`m ãbm ŠgMm Aä`mg Ho$bm OmUma hmovm, Ë`mV mohbm-nmzm~ag (Voìhm mznya Ü`o gm rb) ãbm H$Mm g mdoe ZìhVm. nu VoWrc pñwvr X VodmS>m qh$dm Ahoarnojm dojir ZìhVr. `m gy{mv AhoarMm g mdoe hmovmm, Vo Ë`m doir Mm Xm bmoh$g^m VXmag KmV `ov hmovo. {VWyZ bmb í`m emh `m Zr 1962 Ü o bmoh$g^omr {ZdS>UyH$ qoh$br hmovr Am{U `mm bmoh$g^m joìmà`m A VJ V `oumè m Ahoar owyz amom {dœoœa amd mjrb {dymzg^m {ZdS>UyH$ qohy$z bmoh$à{v{zyr ~Zbo hmovo. EpëdZ H${ Q>rZo 10 {hý`m V Aä`mg H$ê$Z Amnbm [anmoq> V`ma Ho$bm Am{U 30 mm 1960 amoor J h Ìr JmoqdX d ^ n V `m À`mH$S>o gmondbm. `m [anmoq> Mr gwédmv EpëdZ n Vm Zm {b{hboë`m nìmzo hmovo. Ë`mV Ë`m Zr {b{hbo : Ü àxoe, hmamï > Am{U N>ÎmrgJS> m À m gr maofodarc Am{Xdmgr àxoemv H$m av am{hcoco, cmc í m emh hmamo ho Am{XdmgtMo ZoVo EH$ A $cmvyz ì {º$ Îd hmovo. Ë m À m OrdZH$m m Mm doy KoUmao, Aä mg-g emoyz H$ê$Z {c{hcoco gwxrn R>mHy$a {c{iv "cmc í m emh' ho qhxr nwñvh$ AcrH$S>oM àh$m{ev Pmco Amho. m nwñvh$mmm amr>r AZwdmX {S>g ~a 2018 Ü o gmyzm àh$mezmh$sy>z nwñvh$ê$nmzo ov Amho, Ë mvrc EH$ àh$au owo KoVco Amho ho df cmc í m hmamom Mo OÝ evmãxr df Amho, Ë m{z{ ÎmmZo Am{XdmgtÀ m àízm H$S>o cj doyê mmm hm EH$ à ËZ Amho. - g nmxh$ 39

40 "Amåhmbm Am{XdmgtMr J[a~r nmhÿz Iyn Y $m ~gbobm Amho. Ë`m Zm AmOhr emofummr {eh$ma ìhmdo bmjvo. Ë`m À`mer Á`m àh$mao ì`dhma Ho$bm OmVmo, Vo nmhÿz qmvm dmq>vo. Ë`m Zm ^` Am{U qmvm `m À`m gmdq>mimbrm OJmdo bmjvo Amho. Á`mMm Ë`m Zm n[am` Zmhr, Agm X~md Ë`m À`mda {Z m U Ho$bm OmVmò. Ë`m À`m na naovrb Am{U g ñh $VrVrb AZoH$ Mm Jë`m Jmoï>r Ë`m À`mnmgyZ IoMyZ KoVë`m OmV AmhoV. Amåhmbm ho OmUdVo Amho H$s- Oa Am{Xdmgr joìmmm {dh$mg H$am`MmM Agob, Va Ë`m {dh$mg`moozm `mo½`arvrzo nyu H$am`bm hì`mv. eš` {VVŠ`m bdh$a Am{XdmgtZm `m n[apñwvrvyz ~mhoa H$mT>m`bm hdo. Á`m AmOmam da {nt>çmz²{nt>çm CnMma Pmbobo ZmhrV, Vo Xÿa Ho$bo Jobo nm{hoov. Ë`m À`mH$S>o ImÊ`mgmR>r n`m á Jmoï>r Agm`bm hì`mv Am{U Ë`m Zm ^ wº$ OrdZ OJVm Ambo nm{hoo. Amåhmbm ho OmUdVo Amho H$s, gjù`m OZOmVtMm {dh$mg EH$mM doir ìhm`bm hdm. Ë`mgmR>r Amåhr {deof `moozm AnojmH $V Am{U mor>çm joìmv bmjy H$aÊ`mMr {e $mag H$arV AmhmoV.' mjmgboë`m 43 Am{Xdmgr ãbm H$ Ü`o Omo à`ëz gwê$ Amho, Vmo {Vgè m n Mdm{f H$ `moozovhr gwê$ amhm`bm hdm, Ago EpëdZ H${ Q>rbm dmq>v hmovo. Ë`m Mm {dñvmahr H$am`bm hdm Ago Ë`m Mo V hmovo. EpëdZ H${ Q>rZo J h Ìmb`mbm [anmoq> gmxa Ho$bm, Vmon`ªV {Vgè m n Mdm{f H$ `moozoda MMm gwê$ Pmbr hmovr. gah$ma~amo~a H$m±J«og Ü`ohr {Vgè m n Mdm{f H$ `moozoda WZ gwê$ Pmbobo hmovo. Ë`mXaå`mZ ApIb ^mavr` H$m±J«og H${ Q>rZo Am ŠQ>mo~a 1960 À`m eodq>à`m AmR>dS>çmV am nya Ü`o A{YdoeZ Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mMm {ZU ` KoVbm. `m A{YdoeZmÀ m AO S>çm Ü`o, {d{^þ wúm ~amo~am {Vgè m n Mdm{f H$ `moozoda {dmma{d e H$aÊ`mbmhr àmymý Úm`Mo R>abo hmovo. H$m±J«ogÀ`m Ë`m A{YdoeZmV {Vgè m n Mdm{f H$ `moozoà`m gwúmbm Owar {Xbr OmUma hmovr, Ë`mV Am{XdmgtÀ`m wúm da {deof MMm hmouma hmovr; mnojm Mm Jbr Jmoï> H$moUVr AgUma hmovr? Am{U Vo A{YdoeZ N>ÎmrgJS> Ü`oM hmov hmovo. am nya Ü`o (N>ÎmrgJS> Ü`ohr) n{hë`m XmM ApIb ^mavr` H$m±J«og g{ VrMo A{YdoeZ hmov hmovo. `mv H$m±Jo«gÀ`m Xoe^amVrb à{v{zyt~amo~am n VàYmZ Zohê$ Am{U Ë`m Mo nyu {Ì S>i VgoM H$m±J«og AÜ`jm g{hv nmq>uvrb V m amï >r` ZoË`m Zm ^mj `m`mm hmovm. Ë`mgmR>r gjir gmò hmob b Ago ñwi {ZdS>Uo Amdí`H$ hmovo. AWm V, Ë`m doir gwajo{df`r AmOÀ`mgmaIr H$miOr H$aÊ`mMo H$maU ZìhVo. Ë`m doir am nyamr bmoh$g»`m XmoZ bmixoirb ZìhVr. am nya {d mzgodozo OmoS>bobo hmovo Am{U w ~B H$bH$Îmm aoëdobmb Zdahr hmovo. w ~B Am{U H$bH$Îmm `m Zm OmoS>Umam Eo{Vhm{gH$ J«oQ> B ñq>z amos>xoirb owyzm OmV hmovm. nu ehamv EH$mM doir mor>çm g» ozo H $Ðr` Am{U BVa amá`m Vrb Ìr d H$m±J«og ZoVo `ouma hmovo. Ë`m wio n`m á OmJm hdr hmovr. J Ago R>abo H$s, n VàYmZ Zohê$ Am{U H$m±J«og AÜ`j Zrb görd aoè>tg{hv AÝ` d[að> ZoË`m Zm ehamvrb Eo{Vhm{gH$ amohw$ ma H$m boomv d {dkmz hm{dúmb`mà`m hmoñq>ob Ü`o CVadÊ`mV `mdo. `m XmoÝhr OmJm `mgmr>r {ZdS>Ê`mV Amë`m H$s, Ë`m EH$ oh$m nmgyz Odi hmoë`m. {dkmz hm{dúmb`mà`m n[agamv mor>o XmZ hmovo. Vo H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmgmR>r {ZdS>Ê`mV Ambo. `m A{YdoeZñWimg Ü àxoemo {Xd JV àw w»` Ìr a{de H$a ew³c `m À`m ñ VrgmR>r "a{de H$a ewšb ZJa' ho Zmd {Xbo Jobo. {X.1 Zmoìh ~a 1956 amoor Ü àxoe ho ñdv Ì amá` Pmë`mZ Va XmoZ {hý`m Zr {X.31 {S>g ~a 1956 amoor ewšb `m Mo {ZYZ Pmbo hmovo. Ë`m À`m ehamv hmoumè m `m A{YdoeZmV Ë`m Zm `mnojm mor>r lõm Obr H$m` Agy eh$v hmovr?... {X.28 Vo 30 Am ŠQ>mo~a 1960 À`m Xaå`mZ m g obzmmr V`mar gwê$ hmovr, nu {VWyZ OdiOdi 175 {H$bmo rq>a Xÿa ~ñva Am{U JS>{Mamobrbm bmjyz Agboë`m mznya, mohbm-nmzm~agà`m O JbmV H$mhr dojirm V`mar Mmbbr hmovr. am nya Ü`o H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ hmouma Amho Am{U Ë`mV gh^mjr hmoê`mgmr>r n VàYmZ Zohê$ am nya Ü`o `ouma AmhoV ho bmb í`m emh `m Zm g Obo, Voìhm Ë`m Zr Amnë`m gmwrxmam Mr EH$ ~ R>H$ ~mobmdbr. Ë mv 40

41 Ago R>adbo H$s, Am{XdmgtMo wôo KoD$Z Ë`m Zm ^oq>mdo Am{U Ë`m À`mer MMm H$amdr. `mnojm Mm Jbr gÿr Ho$ìhm { iuma hmovr? Vgohr nmm dfmªnydu ( mm 1955 Ü o) ~ñva Ü`o {Vgè m Am{Xdmgr g obzmv ^mj KoÊ`mgmR>r Zohê$ Ambobo hmovo; nu `m doir am nya Ü`o Vo Iyn H$mi Wm ~duma hmovo. `m Xaå`mZ Ë`m Zm {^bmb Mm nmobmx H$maImZmhr nmhm`bm Om`Mo hmovo. Iao Va `m dfm Ü`o bmb í`m emh `m Mr»`mVrXoIrb N>ÎmrgJS> Am{U {dx^ Bbm»`mV Iyn ngabr hmovr. Ë`m Zr {ZdS>UyH$ XmoZ doim qohy$z Amë`mdaXoIrb amorzm m {Xbm hmovm. Vo bmoh$g^omr {ZdS>UyH$ 1957 bm Mm Xm VXmag Km YyZ habo hmovo, nu Am{XdmgtÀ`m A{YH$mamgmR>r Ë`m Mm g Kf MmbyM hmovm. Vo H$moUË`mhr amoh$s` njmv gm rb Pmbobo ZìhVo. `mxaå`mz Ë`m Mr g modmxr ZoË`m er OdirH$ dmt>br hmovr. Ë`mV amozm XJmd Ü`o Agboë`m "~ Jmb ZmJnya H$m Q>Z { ëg' (~rezgr { ëg) Yrc g{h«$` H$m Jma ZoVo OonrEb «$mpýgg Am{U XZ {Vdmar `m Mmhr g mdoe hmovm. `m H$m Q>Z { ëgmr ñwmnzm amozm XJmd g ñwmzmo amom ~bam Xmg `m Zr 1894 Ü o Ho$br hmovr. Ë`m doir N>ÎmrgJS> Yrc Vmo EH$ à wi CÚmoJ hmovm. ~rezgr { ëg $º$ H$nS>çm Mm EH$ H$maImZmM ZìhVm, Va Vo amoh$s` Am{U l{ H$ g Kfm Mo mor>o H $Ðhr hmovo. Iao åhuoo 100 dfmªnojmhr A{YH$ H$min`ªV amozm XJmdÀ`m amoh$s` Am{U gm ñh ${VH$ OrdZmMm w» ^mj AgyZhr Am{W H$ ê$nmzo Vr { b OO a Pmbr. (qh$dm Vgo H$aÊ`mV Ambo.) Vr O rzxmoñv H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Zì`m Am{W H$ ZrVr wio Am{U CXmarH$maUm wio Ago KS>bo hmovo À`m XeH$mV $m`úmv Agboë`m gd gmd O{ZH$ CnH«$ m Mr hrm AdñWm hmovr À`m {dymzg^oà`m {ZdS>UwH$sV l{ H$ ZoVo OonrEb «$mpýgg owrc Owam À`m OrdmdaM Am Xma åhuyz n{hë`m Xm {ZdSy>Z Ambo hmovo. «$mpýgg `m Zr hr {ZdS>UyH$ àom gmoe {bñq> nmq>umo C oxdma åhuyz bt>dbr hmovr. `m nõvrzo Xþgao l{ H$ ZoVo XZ {Vdmar hoxoirb 1962 d 1967 Ü o amozm XJmdÀ`m S>m JaJmd {dymzg^m VXmag KmVyZ Am Xma åhuyz XmoZXm {ZdSy>Z Jobo hmovo. Vo amozm XJmd owyz ImgXma åhuyzhr 1977 Ü o {ZdS>bo Jobo. bmb í`m emh 1960 À`m XeH$mV `m g modmúm À`m g nh$m V Va hmovom, nu Z Va AmUIr EH$ mor cmoh$à{v{zyr Am{U g modmxr ZoVm {dúm^yfu R>mHy$a ho Ë`m Mo ghh$mar åhuyz nwt>o Ambo. Ü àxoeà`m 1977 À`m OZVm nmq>uà`m gah$mamv Ìr Agbobo R>mHy$a Xa~maqghXoIrb Ë`m À`m~amo~a dojdojù`m Am XmobZm V ^mj KoV am{hbo. g modmúm {edm` H$m±J«og, OZg K Am{U Ë`m doir N>ÎmrgJS>À`m amoh$maumv à^mdr ^y{ H$m ~OmdUmè`m H$å`w{ZñQ> nmq>uà`m ZoË`m erhr Ë`m Mo Mm Jbo g ~ Y hmovo; nu bmb í`m emh `m Zr dojir dmq> MmoImibr hmovr. Vo H$moUË`mhr amoh$s` nmq>uer OmoS>bo ZìhVo. OonrEb «$mpýgg Am{U XZ {Vdmar `m À`m ì`{v[aº$ 1960 À`m `m nx`mìov bmb í`m emh `m Mo EH$ {dœgzr` ghh$mar åhuyz XodàgmX Am` hohr gm rb Pmco hmovo. Vo bmb í`m emh `m À`mà muom Jm S> Am{Xdmgr AmhoV. H$Å>a Jm YrdmXr d g modmxr. gz 1942 À m "^mav N>moS>mo' Am XmobZmXaå`mZ Vo Oob Ü`ohr hmovo. ñdmv Í { imë`mz Va Vo {ejh$ hmovo. nu Z Va bmb í`m emh `m Zr Ë`m Zm amoh$maumv `oê`mgmr>r ào[av Ho$bo, åhuyz Ë`m Zr ZmoH$ar gmosy>z {Xbr. Am` ho 1962 Am{U 1967 Ü o Mm H$s {dymzg^m VXmag KmMo Am Xma åhuyz XmoZXm {ZdS>bo Jobo hmovo. VoWrb à{v{z{yëd n{hë`m Xm bmb í`m emh `m Zr Ho$bo hmovo. am`nyabm OmÊ`mMm {ZU ` Pmë`mZ Va ho R>abo H$s, A{YH$m{YH$ g»`ozo nm`r {VWo nmohmommdo. JS>{MamobrnmgyZ ~mbmkmq> Am{U XþJ {Oëømgma»`m XþñVa joìmv Y Var d H$m Ho$an`ªV Am{Xdmgr godm S>imÀ`m H$m` H$Ë`mªÛmao bmb í`m emh hmamo `m Mm gẍoe nmohmomdbm Jobm. emh `m Mm Vmon`ªV N>ÎmrgJS>, {dx^ Am{U Amo[agmÀ`m mor>çm Am{Xdmgr joìmv Mm JbmM à^md hmovm. Am{Xdmgr godm S>imMo Vo AÜ`j hmovo, Ë`m wio Ë`m Mo åhuuo Hw$Ur Q>miy eh$v ZìhVo. 41

42 emh `m Zr ñdv nmzm~agnmgyz nm`r momm H$arV OmÊ`mMm {ZU ` KoVbm. Ë`m À`m~amo~a XodàgmX Am` hoxoirb hmovo. OonrEb «$mpýgg Am{U XZ {Vdmar `m ZrXoIrb amozm XJmdnmgyZ {ZKUmè m momm Ü`o gm rb hmoê`mmm {ZU ` KoVbm. nm`r momm H$arV OmÊ`mMm hm {ZU ` Jm YrdmXr hmovm Am{U Am{XdmgtgmR>r hm H$mhr {deof H$R>rU ZìhVm. XoemÀ`m Ü`^mJmVyZ, KZXmQ> O JbmVyZ OmUmè`m `m momm Mr Zm X KoÊ`mgmR>r Voìhm Hw$Ur nìh$ma qh$dm B{VhmgH$mahr CnbãY ZìhVm. AmVm mohbm-nmzm~ag Am{U mznya joìmv Vmo momm AmR>dUmao H$mhr {ZdS>H$ bmoh$m {e H$ AmhoV. EoH$sd Jmoï>r Iyn AmhoV. Ago gm JVmV H$s- O JbmVrb Á`m añë`mzo Am{XdmgtMo ho bm T>o {ZKmbo, Ë`m añë`mda gh$mir bmoh$m Zr AZoH$ gmn, qdmy ê$z ns>bobo nm{hbo. Ë`m bm T>çm Yrb H$mhr bmoh$ gm`h$br KoD$Zhr {ZKmbo hmovo. H$mhtÀ`m Im Úmbm ao{s>amo bq>h$dbobo hmovo. {X.5 Zmoìh ~a 2013 Mr Xþnma. am nyanmgyz gmymau nmduoxmozeo {H$bmo rq>a Xÿa Agboë`m hwam Jmdr Amnë`m H$m bmê$ KamÀ`m ns>drv ~gbobo 90 dfmªmo XodràgmX Am` `m À`m S>moù`m g moa Ë`m momm À`m AmR>dUr AOyZhr VmÁ`m hmoë`m. Ë`m AmR>dUtZr Ë`m Mo S>moio M H$V hmovo. Mm Jë`m Vã ovrmo XodràgmX Am` AmVm amoh$s` joìmv g{h«$` ZmhrV. Vo åhumbo, ""gmho~, {VWo nmohmomm`bm Iyn {Xdg WmoS>oM bmjbo hmovo. mor>r mugo, {ó`m Am{U bhmz wbo dmov- JmOV {ZKmbr hmovr. H$mhr H$m Va ZìhVoM, $º$ nm`r MmbV Om`Mo hmovo Am{U añë`mv ñd` nmh$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Wm ~m`mo hmovo.'' emh `m Zm MmbÊ`mMm Mm JbmM AZw^d hmovm. nm`r MmbUo hr Am{Xdmgr g momgmr>r H$mhr {deof ~m~ ZìhVr. AmOhr N>ÎmrgJS>gma»`m XÿaÀ`m joìmv Am{XdmgtZm nm`rm Mmbmdo bmjv Agob, Va 1960 À`m XeH$mVrb pñwvr~m~v {dmma Ho$bm OmD$ eh$vmo. nmm XeH$m nydu N>ÎmrgJS>Mm hm ^mj KZXmQ> O JbmZo dot>bobm hmovm. añë`m Mm BVH$m {dñvma Pmbobm ZìhVm. AmOhr amozm XJmdnmgyZ mznya añvm ~am Amho, nu mznyanmgyz JS>{Mamobrn`ªVMm añvm IynM Iam~ Amho. Hw$R>o añvm gwê$ hmovmo Am{U Hw$R>o g nvmo mmm nîmmm bmjv Zmhr. Ë`m doir Va pñwvr AmUIrM dmb Q> hmovr. `m momm V gh^mjr hmoumao am bmb R>mHy$a ho VéU hmovo. AmVm Vo emioà`m w»`mü`mnh$nxmdê$z {Zd Îm Pmbo AmhoV. Vo mohbm-nmzm~ag joìmv amhumao hmovo. Vo Ë`m {Xdgm V H$m boo Ü`o {eh$v hmovo. bmb í`m emh `m À`m Aem àh$maà`m AZoH$ momm V Vo gh^mjr Pmbo hmovo. Vo gm JVmV H$s- JmdmVyZ Ooìhm BVHo$ bmoh$ {ZKmbo, Ë`mMm gm`h$m bm {OH$b n[aum BVam da Agm Pmbm H$s, BVHo$ bmoh$ Hw$R>o {ZKmbo AmhoV? Ë`m wio Ë`mMm VgmM àmma hmov Jobm. hr JXu nmhÿz AÝ hr bmoh$ gm rc Pmco. BVŠ`m Xÿadê$Z am`nyabm MmbV `ouo hr H$mhr J V ZìhVr. Iyn bmoh$ amozm XJmd, ~mbmox, amoham `m añë`m Zr Ambo. S>bm, ~mbmkmq>dê$zhr Ambo, Va H$mhr Y VarH$Sy>Z Ambo. A ~mjs> Mm H$s d Jw S>aXohr dj ao {R>H$mUmhÿZhr bmoh$ Ambo hmovo. Vo gjio ñd` àoauozo Ambo hmovo. ho gjio bmoh$ nm`r Ambo hmovo. Ë`m À`mda emh `m Mm Iyn à^md hmovm, bmoh$m Mm {dœmg hmovm. gjù`mv hîdmmo åhuoo Vo ~moby bmjbo åhuoo bmoh$m Mm CËgmh dmt>v Ago. am bmb R>mHy$a `m À`m Vo, bmb í`m emh `m À`m Ñï>rZo amì Am{U {Xdg `mv H$mhrM $ah$ ZìhVm. Vo ñdv nm`rm MmbV hmovo. Ë`m Zr M Ðnyabm Oar EImXm H$m` H«$ R>odbm AgVm, Var bmoh$ MmbVM Jobo AgVo. Ë`m doir gm`h$bzo OmÊ`mMr àwmhr $maer àm{bv ZìhVr, nu H$mhr bmoh$ gm`h$b KoD$Z {ZKmbo hmovo. ñdv emh {OWo OmV {VWo Amnbm {eym KoD$Z OmV. O JbmVrb em VVm ^ J H$arV {ZKmbobm hm Owbyg nwt>onwt>o OmV hmovm. Am ŠQ>mo~aMm {hzm g nv Ambm hmovm Am{U W S>r gwê$ Pmbr hmovr. KZXmQ> O JbmVrb añë`mzo OmVmZm W S>r A{YH$ OmUdV hmovr. bmoh$ Im Úmdarb Am{U S>moŠ`mdarb Q>monë`m YyZ Amnë`mbm bmjumao gm mz KoD$Z {ZKmbo hmovo. Oo H$mhr V`ma hmovo, Vo Amnë`m~amo~a KoD$Z gjio {ZKmbo hmovo. Ë`mV bmhy$s>- $mq>çmnmgyz ñd` nmh$mà`m ^m S>çm n`ªv gd H$mhr hmovo. JmR>moS>çm YyZ Ë`m Am{XdmgtMo gm mzm Zmhr, Va Ë`m Mo ApñVËdhr hmovo. H$m±J«ogMo ho A{YdoeZ OdiyZ nmhumè`m Ü`o 42

43 Am{XdmgtMo àíz AÚmnhr Xþc {jv AmhoV, åhuyz Va AcrH$S>oM N>ÎmrgJS> Ü o nëwcjt>r Am XmocZ Pmco H$m±J«ogMo H$mofmÜ`j movrbmb ìhmoamxoirb hmovo. Ë`m doir Vo VéU hmovo Am{U nìh$m[avoer g ~ {YV hmovo. H$m±J«oger OmoS>bo OmÊ`mnydu Ë`m Zr amozm XJmd Ü`o OonrEb «$mpýgg Am{U XZ {Vdmar `m À`m~amo~a Amnbo amoh$s` H$[aAa gwê$ Ho$bo hmovo. Z Va Ë m Zr H$m±J«og Ü o àdoe Ho$cm. gmymau 55 dfmªnydu Pmboë`m `m g obzmà`m H$mhr A YwH$ AmR>dUr Ë`m À`m ZmV AmOhr AmhoV. {X r Ü`o Amnë`m gah$mar KamV EH$m g Ü`mH$mir Pmboë`m wbmivrv Ë`m Zr gm {JVbo, ""Zohê$ Am{U H$m±J«ogÀ`m BVa ZoË`m À`m AmJ ZmMr V`mar OmoamV H$aÊ mv Ambr hmovr. bmoh$m Ü`o Zohê$Ot{df`r EH$ AmH$f U hmovo. ñdmv Í Am XmobZmMo ZoV Ëd Ho$ë`m wio gjirh$s>o H$m±J«og~Ôc AmXa hmovm. nu am nya Ü`o O coë m Am{Xdmgt Ü`o EH$ dojiom AmH$f U hmovo. bmb í`m emh EH$ mor>o Am{Xdmgr ZoVo hmovo Am{U Ë`m Zr H$mhrhr åhq>bo Var Ë`mMm n[aum hmov hmovm. Ë`m Zr EH$ hmh$ macr Var Am{Xdmgr EH$Ì hmov hmovo. Ë`m wiom Ë`m À`m AmdmhZmdê$Z BVHo$ gmao Am{Xdmgr EH$Ì Pmbo hmovo. Am{XdmgtgmR>r emh ho Xodmà muo hmovo. bmoh$ Ë`m Zm gý mzmzo bmb í`m emh hmamo åhuv. V`mar Ho$ë`mà muo Am{XdmgtMo bm T>o dmov-jmov amohw$ ma H$m booà`m mjo Agboë`m qhx ñnmo{q>ªj XmZmV O m hmod$ bmjbo. Ë`m XmZmbm bmjyz BXJmh ^mq>mxoirc hmovo, {OWo 1960 À`m XeH$mV Iyn mor>r OmJm hmovr. ehammm {dñvma Pmbm Vgo BWohr A{VH«$ U Pmbo. nu Ë`m doir {VWo homa bmoh$ O m hmod$ eh$v hmovo. N>ÎmrgJS> Am{U {dx^m À`m AZoH$ ^mjm VyZ BWo nmohmomumao Am{XdmgtMo bm T>o amoh$s` Am XmobZH$V} Z dmq>vm gm ñh ${VH$ H$m` H«$ H$aUmao dmq>v hmovo. Ë`m wio àemgzxoirb {ZqüV hmovo. Iao åhuoo H$mhr bmoh$m Zm "H$m±J«ogÀ`m A{YdoeZmV ^mj KoÊ`mgmR>r ho Am{Xdmgr Mmbbo AmhoV', AgoM dmq>v hmovo. H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ 29 Am{U 30 Am ŠQ>mo~abm hmouma hmovo. gwédmvrbm àemgzmbm BWo homam À`m g»`ozo Am{Xdmgr nmohmomuma AmhoV `mmr H$ënZm ZìhVr. H$maU H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmV gm rb hmoê`mgmr>r n VàYmZ Zohê$ Am{U V m H $Ðr` Ìr VgoM w»` Í`m {edm` H$m±J«ogMo AÜ`j görd aoè>rg{hv AZoH$ mor>o ZoVo `ouma 43

44 hmovo. àemgz Ë`m À`m V`marV Jw Vbo hmovo. am nya Ü`o Am{Xdmgr nmohmomvmhov, Aer ~mv r 27 Am ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m "Q>mBåg Am $ B {S>`m' Ü`o àh$m{ev Pmë`mda àemgz gvh $ Pmbo. am nya S>oQ>bmB ZZo àh$m{ev ~mv rv Agm C oi hmovm H$s, am nya Ü`o hmov Agboë`m ApIb ^mavr` H$m±J«og H${ Q>rÀ`m A{YdoeZmÀ`m nyd g Ü`on`ªV OdiOdi 30 homa Am{Xdmgr am nya Ü`o nmohmomuma AmhoV. ~mv rv Ago åhq>bo hmovo H$s, Am{XdmgtMo ZoVo Am{U Am{Xdmgr godm S>imMo AÜ`j bmb í`m emh Amnë`m gmwrxmam g dov A{YdoeZmV gm rb hmoê`mgmr>r BWo nmohmomv AmhoV. ~mv rv Agohr åhq>bo hmovo H$s, n VàYmZ n {S>V Odmhabmb Zohê $nwt>o Amnë`m mjê`m m S>Ê`mgmR>r emh Ë`m Zm ^oqy> BpÀN>VmV. Ë`m ~mv rv Ë`m À`m XmoZ à wi mjê`m Mm C oi hmovm. Ë`mVrb EH$ mjur N>ÎmrgJS> Jm S>dmZm `m ZmdmZo amá`mmr {Z{ Vr H$aÊ`mgẌ^m Vrb hmovr- Á`mV am nya, XþJ, {~bmgnya, gajwom, am`js>, ~mbmkmq>, ehs>mob Am{U ^ S>mam VgoM Mm Xm(M Ðnya)Mm H$mhr ^mj gm rb H$amdm. Xþgar mjur Am{XdmgtÀ`m ~oamoojmarg ~ YmVrb hmovr. Am{Xdmgr godm S>imMr Aer mjur hmovr H$s, {^bmb À`m nmobmx H$maImÝ`mV J an>îmrgjs>r Am{XdmgtEodOr N>ÎmrgJS>À`m Am{XdmgtZm ZmoH$ar Úmdr. bmb í`m emh ho amohw$ ma H$m boo Ü`oM {eh$bobo Agë`mZo am nya Am{U Img H$ê$Z hr OmJm Ë`m À`m nyu nuo n[am mmr hmovr. Ë`m Zr Am{Xdmgr g obzmgmr>r Or OmJm {ZdS>br hmovr, Vr amohw$ ma H$m boonmgyz EH$ {H$bmo rq>axoirb Xÿa ZìhVr- {OWo n VàYmZ Zohê$ `m À`m w $m mmr ì`dñwm H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmovr. Ë`m H$mimV oar>odià`m EH$m O rzxma n[admamer OdirH$ Agbobo R>mHy$a akwamoqgh ho amohw$ ma H$m boomo àmmm` hmovo. Ë`m Mm Zohê$ `m À`mer OwZm n[am` hmovm. Vo Iyn {dûmz hmovo. oar>, A{bJT> Am{U Ho$på~«O Ü`o Ë`m Mo {eju Pmbo hmovo. Ë`m Zr H$dYr, am`js>, gajwom Am{U ~ñva Ü`o {XdmU d H${ eza åhuyzhr H$m Ho$bo hmovo. H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmV gm rb hmoê`mgmr>r `oumao Ìr Am{U ZoVo `m À`m {ZdmgmMr ì`dñwm H$aÊ`mgmR>r gm`ýg H$m boomo hmoñq>ob [ah$m o H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV Ambo hmovo. hmoñq>ob Ü`o amhumè`m H$mhr {dúmï`mªzm H $Ðr` Í`m À`m Am{U H$m±J«ogÀ`m d[að> ZoË`m À`m godogmr>r Wm ~dyz KoÊ`mV Ambo hmovo. Ë`mV hmoñq>obmo aošqa> H$ZH$ {Vdmar hoxoirb hmovo. BWo bmb~hmxÿa emór, H$ bmnvr {ÌnmR>r, M Ð^mZ Jwám Am{U g nyum Z X `m À`mgmaIo d[að> ZoVo Wm ~bo hmovo. n {S>V Zohê$ Am{U H$m±J«ogMo AÜ`j Zrb görd aoè>r ho amohw$ ma H$m booà`m n[agamvm Wm ~bo hmovo. H$m booà`m nyd}h$s>à`m $mq>h$mvyz {ZKyZ A{YdoeZñWimn`ªV Zohê$ `o-om H$arV hmovo. AmVm 76 dfmªmo Pmbobo d[að> dh$sb H$ZH$ {Vdmar gm JVmV H$s, Zohê$ Mo Ë`m doir Iyn AmH$f U hmovo. Vo A{YdoeZmV OmÊ`mgmR>r Iwë`m Orn YyZ ~mhoa ns>v AgV. Ë`m Zm nmhê`mgmr>r JXu hmov Ago. gm`ýg H$m boo Ü`o H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmMr V`mar gwê$ AgVmZmM ñnmo{qª>j XmZmda Am{Xdmgr g obzmmr V`mar gwê$m hmovr. H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmXaå`mZ Á`m XmoZ d[að> àemgh$s` Am{U nmocrg A{YH$mè m Zm ì`dñwm nmhm`mr hmovr, Ë`mV am`nyamo H${ eza Ama.gr.ìhr.nr. ZamoÝhm `m À`m~amo~a Ü àxoemmo nmobrgà wi Ho$.E $. éñvw Or hoxoirb hmovo. éñvw Or `m Zr 1952 Vo 1958 `mxaå`mz n VàYmZ Zohê$ `m À`m w»` gwajm A{YH$marnXmMr O~m~Xmar gm ^mibobr hmovr. ZmJnyaOdirc H$m R>r Ü`o bhmzmmo mor>o Pmbobo Am{U ZmJnya {dœ{dúmb`mv {eh$bobo éñvw Or ho nmagr hmovo. nu Ë`m À`m Am`wî`mVrb ~amgmm H$mi Ü àxoe Am{U N>ÎmrgJS> Ü`o Jobobm hmovm. ZamoÝhm ho Jmoì`mMo hmovo. nu Ë`m Mo bhmznu h Xam~mX Ü`o Jobobo hmovo, mì àemgh$s` A{YH$mar åhuyz Vo Iyn df o Ü àxoe Ü`oM hmovo. åhuoom `m XmoKm H$[aVm hm àxoe AZmoiIr ZìhVm. ho XmoÝhr A{YH$mar {dx^ Am{U Ü àxoe Yrb ZoË`m Zmhr Mm JboM n[a{mv hmovo. emh hoxoirb Ë`m À`mgmR>r AZmoiIr ZìhVo. emh `m À`m~amo~a Ambobo Am{Xdmgr ho H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmV gh^mjr ìhmdov, AgmM àemgzmmm à`ëz hmovm. nu 44

45 Zohé Zm, Am{Xdmgr eoh$s>mo {H$bmo rq>a MmbV `od$z Amnbo åhuuo gm Jy BpÀN>VmV hom Va emh m Zm gm Jm`Mo hmovo. n VàYmZ Zohê$ Am{XdmgtZm ^oq>m`bm `mdov, Aer Ë`m Mr BÀN>m hmovr. H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ gwê$ Pmbo. A{YdoeZmV {Vgè m n Mdm{f H$ `moozog{hv {d{^þ wúm da MMm gwê$ Pmbr. A{YdoeZmV ^mj KoÊ`mgmR>r n VàYmZ Zohê$ nmohmombo hmovo. doi nwt>o gah$v hmovm. nu n VàYmZm À m H$m` H«$ mv Am{XdmgtMr ^oq> R>abobrM ZìhVr. mì, homamo Am{Xdmgr {VWo nmohmombo AmhoV `mmr m{hvr Zohê$ `m À`mn`ªV nmohmombr hmovr. àë`jmv Am{Xdmgr dmov-jmov, hmg^omo P S>o hmvmv KoD$Z ehamvyz Owbyg H$mT>V hmovo. nu bmb í`m emh `m Mr AñdñWVm dmt>v hmovr. H$maU Vwåhr WoQ> n VàYmZm er ~moby eh$mb, Ago gm JyZ Ë`m Zr Am{XdmgtZm am`nyabm AmUbo hmovo. n VàYmZm Zr Am{Xdmgt Ü`o `od$z Ë`m À`m AS>MUr EoH$mì`mV, `m Jmoï>rda Ë`m Mm ^a hmovm. emh hmamo Zohê $Zm ^oqy> BpÀN>V hmovo, nu àemgz Ë`mgmR>r V`ma ZìhVo. A{YdoeZmMm eodq>mm {Xdg Ambm hmovm Am{U Zohê $Zm ^oq>ê`mmr nadmzjr { imbobr ZìhVr. Ë`m À`m B mvrmm àý hmovm, H$maU BVŠ`m bmoh$m Zm KoD$Z Vo {VWo nmohmombo hmovo. AIoa Amnë`mOdiÀ`m bmoh$m er g m gbv Ho$ë`mda {Xdgm ~mamà`m gw mamg Zohê$ `m Zm ^oq>m`bm emh gai amohw$ ma H$m boo Ü`o nmohmombo. {VWo Zohê$ Wm ~bobo hmovo. Ë`m doir ìham S>çmV J h Ìr JmoqdX d ^ n V Am{U I amjs> g ñwmzmmo amom d mor ImgXma {~a Ð ~hmxÿag{hv {H$Vr Var ZoVo C^o hmovo. XodàgmX Am` gm JVmV- Zohê$ Zm Ooìhm g Obo H$s, Am{Xdmgr ZoVo bmb í`m emh Ë`m Zm ^oq>m`bm Ambo AmhoV, Voìhm Zohê$ Zr Ë`m Zm ImobrV ~mobmdbo. emh `m Zr Ë`m Zm gm {JVbo H$s, "XÿaXÿadê$Z MmbV Am{Xdmgr BWo Ambo AmhoV Am{U VrZ {Xdgm nmgyz Amnbr dmq> nmhv AmhoV. Vwåhr Ë`m À`m Ü`o m Am{U Ë`m À`m AS>MUr EoH$m.' emh Amnë`m~amo~a EH$ o moa S> XoIrb KoD$Z Jobo hmovo. Vo Ë`m Zr Zohê$ `m Zm XmIdbo. Ë`mda Zohê$ åhumbo, "" r `mv bj KmbrZ. Varhr g ñ`omo {ZamH$aU VËH$mi Ho$bo OmD$ eh$v Zmhr, nu Ë`m g ñ`m gmos>{dê`mmo AmœmgZ XoVmo.'' Zohê$ Zr BVHo$ gm {JVbo H$s, g nyu XoemVrb Am{XdmgtÀ`m g ñ`m gmos>dê`mgmr>r bdh$am EH$m Am`moJmMr ñwmnzm H$aÊ`mV `ob b, åhuoo Xoe^a gìh} H$ê$Z Ë`m g ñ`m gmos>dvm `ovrb. nu emh hmamo åhumbo, ""bmoh$ Vw Mr dmq> nmhv AmhoV. Vwåhr Oo bm gm JVm`, Vo Ë`m Zm àë`j `od$z gm Jm; åhuoo Amnbo åhuuo Hw$Ur Var EoH$Vo Amho `mda Ë`m Mm {dœmg ~gob.'' amohw$ ma H$m boo Ü`o 1940 À`m XeH$mV bmb í`m emh `m Zm Á`w{ZAa Agbobo N>ÎmrgJS>À`m nyd H$mo[a`m (~ H $R>nya) g ñwmzà`m amommo d eo A{U N>ÎmrgJS>Mo mor {dîm Ìr am M Ðqgh Xod gm JVmV H$s- àemgh$s A{YH$mè`m À`m gëë`m{déõ OmV AMmZH$ Zohê$ CRy>Z C^o am{hbo Am{U emh `m Mm hmv nh$sy>z Ë`m À`m~amo~a qhx ñnmo{qª>j XmZmH$S>o {ZKmbo. Zohê $Zm Ooìhm Hw$UrVar gm {JVbo H$s, "Vwåhr {VWo OmUo R>rH$ Zmhr Ago H${ eza ZamoÝhm `m Mo gm JUo Amho,' Voìhm Zohê$ åhumbo, ""ZamoÝhm Amnbo H$m H$arV AmhoV, bm mpo H$m H$ê$ XoV.'' {X.31 Am ŠQ>mo~a 1960 À`m "Q>mBåg Am $ B {S>`m' Ü`o "{ ñq>a Zohê$O² gaàmbo pìh{oq> Qy> Am{Xdmgr' `m erf H$mZo am nya S>oQ>bmB Zdê$Z EH$ ~mv r àgm[av Pmbr. am nya, 30 Am ŠQ>mo~a... d[að> nmobrg A{YH$mè m Zm AñdñW H$aUmao nmd$b CMbV n {S>V Zohê$ Zr Xþnmar qhxÿ ñnmo{qª>j J«mD$ S>da O boë`m Am{XdmgtZm ^oq>ê`mmm {ZU ` AMmZH$ KoVbm. Ü àxoemo w»` Ìr H $bmgzmw H$mQ>Oy `m À`m~amo~a Vo H$ma Ü`o ~gyz Am{XdmgtZm ^oq>ê`mgmr>r Jobo. XmZmV nmohmomë`mda Ë`m À`m Mhÿ ~moybm Koamd KmbyZ Cä`m Agboë`m nmo{bgm Zm S>mdbyZ Vo gai Am{Xdmgt Ü`o nmohmombo, Ë`m doir {VWo gmymau Xhm homa Am{Xdmgr hoa hmovo... `mnydu Am{Xdmgr godm S>imZo n VàYmZm Zm EH$ {ZdoXZ {Xbo hmovo. Ë`mV Vm Xÿi {Z`m Vrdarb ~ Xr hq>{duo Am{U ^y{ hrz Am{XdmgtZm O rzdmq>n H$aUo, Aem 45

46 mjê`m m S>ë`m hmoë`m. n {S>V Zohê$ OdiOdi 10 { {ZQ>o XmZmV hmovo Am{U Am{Xdmgter Vo ~mobboxoirb. Ë`m Zr Hw$UmÀ`m Im Úmda hmv R>odbm, Va Hw$UmMr nmr> WmonQ>br Am{U Ë`mMr {dmmanyg Ho$cr. H$mhr bmoh$ Ë`m Zm dmhy$z Z ñh$ma H$ê$ BpÀN>V hmovo, Ë`m Zm Ë`m Zr hgv-hgv ZH$ma {Xbm. Ë`m À`m mjê`m da Oê$a {dmma H$ê$, Ago AmœmgZ Ë`m Zr Am{XdmgtZm {Xbo. Vo {VWyZ OmVmM Zohê$ Mm Am{U gah$mamm O`O`H$ma gwê$ Pmbm. Ë`m wio Am{XdmgtÀ`m momm À`m Am`moOH$m Mr pñwvr mor>r {d{mì Pmbr... Ë m Zr P S>çmg{hV am`nyaà`m w»` añë`mdê$z { aduyh$ H$mT>br hmovr Am{U S>m.H$mQ>Oy `m À`m amorzmå`mmr mjur Ho$br hmovr, VgoM H$m±J«og emgzm{déõ KmofUmhr {Xë`m hmoë`m. ñdmv Í`àmárZ Va BVH$m mor>m momm n{hë`m XmM {ZKV hmovm. àë`jmv H$m±J«ogÀ`m A{YdoeZmV ^mj KoÊ`mgmR>r Amboë`m H$m±J«og AÜ`jm Mm (S>m.Zrb görd aoè>r) Owbyg Ë`mnwT>o { $H$m ns>bm... `m àxe ZmV {hñgm KoÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ Am{Xdmgr 100 bm dê$z MmbV Ambo hmovo. Amnë`m nma n[ah$ a Jr~oa Jr doe^yfov Ambobo ho Am{Xdmgr nma n[ah$ ZmMJmUrhr gmxa H$arV hmovo. `m momm Mo ZoV Ëd Am{Xdmgr godm S>imMo AÜ`j bmb í`m emh Am{U àom gmoe {bñq> nmq>umo ZoVo H$arV hmovo... Am{Xdmgter ~mobvmzm Ë m Zm hohr H$ibo H$s, nm`r am`nyabm nmohmombobo AZoH$ bmoh$ Zohê$ Zm nmhê`mgmr>r {VWo Ambo hmovo. Ë`m À`m ZoË`m Zm Zohê$ Am{XdmgtZm ^oq>vrb Ago dmq>v ZìhVo. nu n VàYmZ AMmZH$ {VWo `od$z nmohmomë`mda VoXoIrc h amu Pmbo. `m Eo{Vhm{gH$ jum Mo gmjrxma Agbobo XodàgmX Am` `m Zr `m KQ>Zo~Ôb Ago gm {JVbo H$sg^mñWimda Zohê$ À`m ~amo~arzo Mmda C^o amhÿz bmb í`m emh hmamo `m Zr Am{XdmgtZm N>ÎmrgJS>r ^mfo Ü`o gm {JVbo, ""~Km- Amnë`m XoemMo n VàYmZ Zohê$Or Amnë`m Ü`o Ambobo AmhoV... ~Km- Ë`m Mo Jmb H$go Q>m oq>mogmaio bmb AmhoV. Ë`m Mm Moham ~Km... H$gm M H$Vmo Amho. Am{U Vwåhr Amnbm Moham nmhm. Vwåhr bmoh$ H$m` ImVm Am{U Vo H$m` ImVmV?...'' Ago åhq>ë`mda bmoh$ Q>mù`m dmody bmjbo hmovo. Zohê$OtZm H$mhrM g OV ZìhVo. J hmamo åhumbo, ""Vwåhr Amnbo Jmc ~Km- H$go AmV Jobo AmhoV.'' Ë`mZ Va Vo EHo$H$ g ñ`m m S>V Jobo. {VWo Agboë`m bmoh$m Ü`o emh `m Mr bmoh${à`vm ~KyZ Zohê$Or Iyn à^m{dv Pmbo. AmnU BVŠ`m bmoh$m Zm AmUbo Am{U Oa Zohê$ `m Mr `m bmoh$m er ^oq> Pmbr Zmhr Va H$m` H$am`Mo `mm qmvov bmb í`m emh hmamo hmovo. A{YdoeZmMm eodq>mm {Xdg Ambm hmovm. Voìhm Ë`m Zr Amnë`mOdiÀ`m mugm Zm åhq>bo hmovo H$s- r Agm {dmma H$arV hmovmo H$s, Oa Zohê$ Mr ^oq> Pmbr Zmhr Va r `m bmoh$m Zm H$m` CÎma XoUma hmovmo? mâ`m ZmV EH$M Jmoï> Ambr H$s, Zohê$Or `m XoemMo n VàYmZ AmhoV... Hw$Ur dmk Va ZmhrV H$s, Vo bm ImD$Z Q>mH$Vrb! mpm ñdm{^ mz OmJm Pmbm Am{U r gai Ë`m Zm ^oq>m`bm {ZKyZ Jobmo. (AZwdmX : M ÐH$m V ^m Omi) gwxrn R>mHy$a ZmoES>m, {X r g X^ : 1. Report of the Special Multipurpose Tribal Blocks, ministery of Home Affairs, 1960 (Verrier Elwin) 2. H$m±J«og A±S> gmoe {bp : BH$m Zm { H$ àmoj«m A±S> nm {bgro, Ama. gr. H$moMa 3. mor Am Xma Am{U bmb í`m emh `m Mo OdiMo ghh$mar XodàgmX Am` `m À`mer boih$mmr ~mv{mv. 4. bmb í`m emh `m Mo OdiMo ghh$mar Am{U mor àmmm` am bmb R>mHy$a `m À`mer boih$mmr ~mv{mv. 5. H$m±J«ogMo H$mofmÜ`j movrbmb Zohê$ `m À`mer boih$mmr ~mv{mv. 6. Q>mBåg Am $ B {S>`m, 27 Am ŠQ>mo~a 1960 Am{U Social Science Special series: The Scheduled Tribes of India, Govind Sadashiv Ghurye. 7. d[að> dh$sb H$ZH$ {Vdmar `m À`mer boih$mmr ~mv{mv. 8. N>ÎmrgJS>Mo mor {dîm Ìr Am{U H$mo[a`m (~ Hw $R>nya) g ñwmzmmo mor amom am M Ðqgh Xod `m À`mer boih$mmr ~mv{mv. 46

47 Q oìha Zmohm hm X{jU Am{ «$Ho$Mm ZmJ[aH$ Amho. A o[aho$ Ü`o ñq>±s> An H$m { H$ åhuyz Vmo àm S> bmoh${à` Amho. Q>o{bpìhOZda "X boq> emo' hm Ë`mMm ñdv:mm H$m` H«$ Amho. AË` V Jar~ H $îuduu` AmB À`m nmoq>r OÝ mbm Amboë`m `m wbmà`m `emmr hr Jmoï>- rzm H${U H$ Q >oìha Zmohm : ~m Z A H«$mB ""hm` Qóìha, r A±S >çy ~mobvmò.'' ""hm`!'' ""H$gm Amhog Vy?'' ""CÎm. Vy H$m` åhuvmò g?'' ""{~Pr Amhog?'' "" r PmonV hmovmo. H$m ao?'' ""AmB da Jmoù`m PmS>ë`mV.'' n Mdrg dfmªà`m Qóìha ZmohmZo hr ~mv r EoH$br, Voìhm Ë`mÀ`m ZmV EH$mM doir AZoH$ {dmmam Zr W mz KmVb. Amnë`m ^mdmzo H$m` KS>b `, ho 47

48 Vm~S>Vmo~ gm JÊ`mAmYr Amnbr Mm H$er H$m Ho$br? Á`m AWu ^mdmzo BVŠ`m em VnUo hr ~mv r {Xbr`o, Ë`m AWu AmB J ^ra OI r Pmbobr ZgUma. w»` åhuoo, AmB da H$moUr Jmoir PmS>br`o, ho A±S >çyzo gm Jm`Mr JaOhr ^mgbr ZìhVr. A±S >çyà`m ~mnmm - åhuoom EHo$ H$mir Amnbm gmdì ~mn Agboë`m E~bM - ho H$m AgUma, `m{df`r QóìhaÀ`m ZmV qh${mvhr e H$m ZìhVr. ho gjio {dmma Mmby AgVmZmM QóìhaZo JmS>r H$mT>br hmovr Am{U hm pñnq>bà`m {XeoZo Vmo {ZKmbm hmovm. n{hbr Jmoir E~bZo AmB À`m m S>rda mabr hmovr Am{U Xþgar S>moŠ`mÀ`m {XeoZo. A±S >çy Voìhm n Yam dfmªmm hmovm Am{U YmH$Q>m Am`g H$ Mma. AmB bm Am`gr`y Ü`o nmhÿz QóìhaÀ`m S>moŠ`mV {VS>rH$ Jobr. Á`m gmdì ~mnmmm {VañH$ma dmqy>z AmnU KamVyZ ~mhoa ns>bmo, Á`mMr Amnë`mbm EH$ àh$mao XheV dmq>m`mr, Ë`m E~b{df`r ZmV àm S> g Vmn XmQy>Z Ambm hmovm Am{U EH$ àh$mamr Aghm`Vmhr. Ë`mM {Var{ arv QóìhaZo E~bbm $moz Ho$bm. ""Vy mâ`m AmB bm mab g.'' ""hmo`.'' ""Vy mâ`m AmB bm mab g!'' ""hmò. Am{U Vy gmns>bmg Va r Vwbmhr R>ma maoz,'' Ag åhuyz E~bZo $moz Imbr R>odyZ {Xbm. E~b Oo ~mobbm`, Vo H$ê$Z XmIdm`bm mjo-nwt>o nmhuma Zmhr, ho Qóìhabm mhrv hmov. Vo df hmov QóìhaZo Amnë`m AmB bm dmmdê`mgmr>r 50 homa a±s²g IM Ho$bo. {VM dmmu åhuoo EH$ M ËH$ma hmovm, Ag S>m ŠQ>am Zr åhq>b. X{jU Am{ «$Ho$ Ü`o Ë`mZo Vmoda ~è`mn H$s nw Or Am{U Zmd H$ mdb hmov. EH$m gmon Am noam Ü`o {H$aH$moi ^y{ H$m H$ê$Z Ë`mZo A{^Z`mÀ`m joìmv nmd$b R>odb. nu {dzmoxmm A J Amnë`m Ü`o Amho `mmr OmUrd Ë`mbm Pmbr Am{U Ho$di Ë`mdaM bj H ${ÐV H$am`M - Agm {ZU ` QóìhaZo KoVbm. Vmo N>moQ>çm-N>moQ>çm nãg Ü`o "{J½g' H$am`bm bmjbm. ñq>±s> An H$m o{s>`ýg- àojh$m g moa C^ amhÿz H$m` H«$ gmxa H$aUmao {dzmoxdra X{jU Am{ «$Ho$ Ü`o Ë`m doir $mago ZìhVo. Ë`mVyZ QóìhaH$S>o V I Xÿ hmovm. g momvë`m {dg JVr Ë`mbm OmUdm`À`m. Ë`mda bmoh$m Zm hgdv ^mî` H$aU Ë`mbm O m`m. gmon Am noam, ao{s>amo Aem {R>H$mUr H$m Ho$ë`mZ Va ñq>±s> AnÀ`m joìmv Vmo pñwamdbm. ZmohmM d {eîq>ç ho H$s, Vmo Hw$R>ë`m EH$mM àh$maà`m àojh$m gmr>r H$m` H«$ H$aV Zgo. H $îuduu` àojh$ Agbo Va Ë`m À`mda {dzmox H$am`Mo ZmhrV, Jmoao AgVrb Va Ë`m Zm djim`m - Ag Ë`mZo H$Yr Ho$b Zmhr. Ë`mÀ`m {dzmoxmmo MQ>Ho$ gjù`m Zm ~gv. {VWo H$moUrhr AndmX ZìhVm. {dzmoxmmr VmH$X Amnë`mbm bhmz AgVmZmM H$ibr hmovr, Ag Qóìha gm JVmo. EH$Xm Amnë`m AmOmo~m ~amo~a Vmo EH$m momm bm Jobm hmovm. ~moybm KmoS>çm da ñdma Pmbobo Jmoao nmobrg hmovo. Ë`mVbmM EH$ AmOmo~m À`m A Jmda IoH$gbm. AmOmo~m Ë`mbm åhumbo, "" bm EH$ Jmoï> {dmmam`mr hmovr. mjà`m AmR>dS>çmV Amnë`m AÜ`jm Zr S>~u Ü`o qoh$boë`m EH$m KmoS>çmM Mw ~Z KoVb hmov. Vo Oa KmoS>çmM Mw ~Z KoD$ eh$vmv, Va mâ`m ~{hurm H$m Zmhr?'' "" bm H$m` mhrv?'' nmo{cgmzo CÎma {Xb. ""Vwbm mhrv Zmhr H$maU Vy mâ`m ~{hurbm ~{KVbob Zmhrg.'' `mda Vmo nmobrg OmoaOmoamV hgm`bm bmjbm, Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a AmOmo~mhr. Amnë`m Am`wî`mV n{hë`m XmM AmnU EH$m Jmoè`mbm Am{U EH$m H $îuduu`mbm EH$Ì hgvmzm nmhv hmovmo, Ag Qóìha åhuvmo. Ë`mbm OmohmÝg~J À`m AmOy~mOyÀ`m eham YyZ hiyhiy Am{U J X{jU Am{ «$Ho$Vë`m dojdojù`m eham YyZ ~mobmdu `od$ bmjb. hmvr WmoS>o $ma n go Ioiy bmjbo. Jar~ åhuyz OÝ mbm `m`m Am{U Jar~ åhuyz am`m, ho H $îuduu`m À`m mwr `ouma Xþï>MH«$ Amnë`m wbmn`ªv `od$z Wm ~m`bm hd, Ë`mZo Ë`mVyZ ~mhoa ns>m`bm hd - ho Amnë`m AmB M ñdßz gmh$ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m {XeoZo Ë`mMm àdmg gwê$ Pmbm hmovm....am{u gmdì d{s>bm Zr AmB da Jmoù`m PmS>ë`m. 48

49 N>moQ>m Q >oìha AmB gmo~v E~bZo {Xboë`m Y H$sZ Va AmnU `m XoemV amhÿ eh$v Zmhr `mmr OmUrd Qóìhabm Pmbr. hmvmv Agbobo H$m` H«$ Am{U H$m g ndyz AIoa 2012 Ü`o Ë`mZo Xoe gmos>bm. AmVm Ë`mbm A o[aho$ Ü`o Amnb Zer~ AO mdm`m hmov. Qóìha Zmohm AmO 34 dfmªmm Amho. H$m os>r g Q b `m A o[ah$z M Zobda gßq> ~a 2015 nmgyz "X S>obr emo' ZmdmMm amoh$s`-gm m{oh$ ^mî` H$aUmam AË` V bmoh${à` Agm {dzmoxr H$m` H«$ gmxa H$aVmò. ñq>±s> An H$m os>rà`m Ë`mÀ`m H$m` H«$ m Zm Vw $mz JXu hmovo. OJ^amVë`m ZmdmOboë`m H$m o{s>`ýg Ü`o Ë`mM Zmd KoVb OmV. Ë`mMr dfm Mr H$ mb gw mao 13 H$moQ>r S>m bg EdT>r Amho. wimv A{^Z`mMr AmdS> Am{U ZH$bm H$aÊ`mV hmvi S>m Agë`m wio A o[aho$mo AÜ`j S>m ZëS> Q ån hm ZmohmÀ`m Img AmdS>rMm {df`. Ë`m Mr hþ~ohÿ~ Z $b Va Vmo H$aVmoM, nu Ë`m À`m YmoaUm da H$R>moa Q>rH$mhr H$aVmo. Zmohm Agob qh$dm Om Z Am {bìha hm {~«{Q>e H$m o{s>`z Agob; Am À`m XoemV `od$z amhvm Am{U Am À`mM gah$mamr qq>jb H$aVm, Agm Amamon Ë`m À`mda AZoH$Xm hmovmo. nu Zmohm Agob qh$dm Am {bìha, Vo H$mhr Ho$di A o[aho$v Oo KS>V ` Ë`mdaM ^mî` H$aVmV Ag Zmhr; Va Amnmnë`m XoemV KS>Umè`m KQ>Zm Mmhr Ianyg g mmma KoVmV. Am {bìhazo B ½b S>À`m amokamê`mda Ho$br VodT>r H$R>moa Q>rH$m Xþgè`m H$moUr ¹${MVM Ho$br Agob. ZmohmZo X{jU Am{ «$Ho$Vë`m ^«ï>mmmamda, `m AmYrMo amï >mü`j OoH$~ Pw m `m À`mda AmoT>bobo H$moaS>o, Jwám `m ^mavr` CÚmoJnVr Hw$Qw> ~mzo Pw m À`m gmømzo { idbobr àm S> H$ mb Am{U CÚmoJnVramOH$maUr `m Mo nañnag ~ Y `mmr Ë`mZo Or H$mhr pi r CS>dbr, Vr wimvyzm EoH$m`bm Am{U ~Km`bm hdr. A o[ah$m, B ½b S>, Am ñqó{b`m Am{U X{jU Am{ «$Ho$Vhr Ë`mMo H$m` H«$ hmod$ bmjbo AmhoV. "hm crdws> [anmoq> a' `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mZo Ý`ỳ m H $ Yë`m àgma mü` m Vë`m 35 VmH$XdmZ mugm Mr `mxr 2017 Ü`o à{gõ Ho$br hmovr. Qóìha ZmohmM Zmd Ë`mV hmov. "Q>mB ' J{PZÀ m OJ^amVë`m à^md nms>umè m 100 mugm Ü`ohr ZmohmMm 2018 Ü`o g mdoe Ho$bobm Amho. mì `m `emà`m mjo Iyn mor>m PJS>m Amho. du ÛofmMo MQ>Ho$ AmhoV. J[a~rer XmoZ hmv AmhoV. JwÝhoJmar Amho. Am{U namh$moq>rmr {OÔhr Amho. QóìhaMr Zìho, Ë`mÀ`m AmB Mr, qh$~hþzm, QóìhaÀ`m Jmoï>rMr Iar Zm{`H$m VrM Amho. n {Q {e`m Zm på~gobmo hr Zmohm bhmz Agë`mnmgyZ ~ S>Imoa hmovr. X{jU Am{ «$Ho$ Ü`o H $îuduu` åhuyz OÝ mbm `ou åhuoo Ho$di IñVm ImV Am`wî` OJU hmov. Jmoè`m Zr ~ZdyZ {Xboë`m KoÅ>m À`m ZaH$mV amhu. Ë`m doir OmohmÝg~J Ü`o H $îuduu`m Zm g Ü`mH$miZ Va Wm ~m`mr nadmzjr ZìhVr. {Xdgm Vo `od$ eh$v hmovo, H$maU Jmoè`m Zm Amnbr H$m H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m Mr JaO ^mgm`mr. OmohmÝg~J nmgyz H$mhr Vmgm À`m A Vamda Agboë`m gmodoq>o Ü`o Ë`mgmR>r N>mdÊ`m Cä`m H$aÊ`mV Amë`m hmoë`m. X{jU Am{ «$Ho$Vë`m dojdojù`m ^mjm VyZ H$m mà`m emoymv Amboë`m H $îuduu`m gmr>r {VWo amhê`mmr ì`dñwm Agm`Mr. gah$maà`m ZmV Amho Vmon`ªV gmodoq>mo ho Ë`m M Ka hmov. Aem H$mimV n {Q {e`m Q>m`qnJ {eh$br. 80 À`m XeH$mMm Vmo H$mi. Am Vaamï >r` nmvirda gah$maà`m du ^oxr ZrVrÀ`m {ZfoYmMm gya bmjv hmovm Am{U Ë`mda Cnm` åhuyz X{jU Am{ «$Ho$À`m gah$mazo N>moQ>çm- 49

50 N>moQ>çm gwymaum AmnU H$aV AmhmoV, Ag XmIdm`bm gwédmv Ho$br hmovr. Jmoao H$aV Agboë`m {ZåZ ñvamdamr H$mhr H$maHw$Zr H$m H $îuduu`m Zm { iy bmjbr hmovr. n {Q {e`mbm Ë`mMm $m`xm Pmbm Am{U Vr OmohmÝg~J Ü`o N>moQ>çm- mor>çm ZmoH$è`m H$ê$ bmjbr. {VWoM amhê`mmo mj emoyy bmjbr. ehamvë`m H$mhr doí`m Zr {Vbm XV Ho$br. VrgwÕm doí`m Amho, Agm Jmoè`m Mm g O H$mhr doim ìhm`mm; nu n {Q {e`mzo Ë`mH$S>o Xþb j Ho$b Am{U M $ ^ms>çmzo Ka KoÊ`mn`ªV {VMr Ob Jobr. H$moUË`mhr n[apñwvrv gmodoq>o Ü`o AmB À`m qh$dm {VÀ`mnmgyZ dojù`m Pmboë`m d{s>bm H$S>o amhm`m Zmhr, ho {VZo n $ R>adb hmov. Aem àh$mao âb Q> Ü`o amhê`mv YmoH$m hmovm. H$mhr doim Vr nh$s>brhr Om`Mr. H$mimoI Pmë`mZ Va "Jmoè`m À`m dñvrv VwP H$m` H$m?' åhuyz nmobrg {Vbm KoD$Z OmV. ^a gmq> X S> H$ê$Z gmosy>z XoV. ~mhoa ns>br H$s n {Q {e`m nwýhm Amnë`m Kar Om`Mr. Vr {OWo amhm`mr, Ë`mM B mavrv am ~Q> M hr Ka hmov. pñdëpbªs>hÿz Ambobm hm O Z ¹${MV H$moUmer ~mobm`mm. AmnU ~ao H$s Amnb H$m ~a, Aem d ÎmrMm. Am{U Jmoam. {VM d` hmov 24 Am{U Ë`mM 46. n {Q {e`m Am{U am ~Q> Mr Ìr Pmbr. Vo ào mv ns>bo Am{U EH$ {Xdg n {Q {e`mzo Amnë`mbm yb hd `, Ag Omhra Ho$b. am ~Q> bm yb~mi ZH$mo hmov. nu Ë`mZo wbmmr O~m~Xmar `mdr, Aer {VMrhr BÀN>m ZìhVr. {Vbm $º$ Ë`mÀ`mnmgyZ yb hd hmov. {X.20 o$~«wdmar 1984 `m {Xder Qóìha ZmohmMm OÝ Pmbm. Vmo YS> H $îuduu`hr ZìhVm Am{U YS> Jmoamhr ZìhVm. Ë`mMr H$m Vr Jìhmi hmovr. X{jU Am{ «$Ho$V Ë`m doir Aem dum À`m bmoh$m gmr>r dojim eãx hmovm, "H$bS>.' yb Pmb åhuyz n {Q {e`m Am{U am ~Q> bm Og EH$Ì Am`wî` KmbdU eš` ZìhV, Vg M n {Q {e`mbm Jìhmi dum M yb Amnb Amho, ho gm JVm `ou AeŠ` hmov. H$maU Ë`m doir Aem àh$mamm g J JwÝhm mzbm Om`Mm. Ë`mgmR>r A{Ve` H$R>moa {ejm hmovr, Img H$ê$Z H $îuduu`m Zm. QóìhaMm OÝ hmm EH$ JwÝhm hmovm. hr dm O ~m Z A H«$mB. "~m Z A H«$mB ' ho Qóìha ZmohmÀ`m AmË M[aÌmM Zmd Amho. XmoZ dfmªnydu à{gõ Pmboë`m `m nwñvh$mv Ë`mÀ`m n{hë`m Mmodrg dfmªà`m Am`wî`mMr H$hmUr Amho. H$mhrem VQ>ñWnUo gm {JVbobr. H$Yr H$Yr {dzmoxmzo w$bdbobr Am{U àg Jr dmmumè`mà`m S>moù`m V nmur AmUUmar. nu `mv Hw$R>ohr "Jar~ {~Mmao Amåhr' Agm gya Zmhr. AmB ~amo~a Pmbobr ^m S>U AgmoV H$s, d{s>bm Zm OmUyZ `m`mm Ho$bobm à`ëz Agmo- ZmohmZo àm OinUo Amnë`m Am`wî`mMm nq> m S>bm` Am{U Ë`m~amo~aM du ÛofmÀ`m n[aum m Mr XmhH$Vmhr. g»`ozo H$ r AgyZhr Jmoè`m Zr ~hþg»` Agboë`m H $îuduu`m Zm Ë`m À`m O mvtzwgma {d^mjb hmov. H$moUr Pmogm hmov, Hw$Ur Pwby. H$moUr Ëgm Jm, Va Hw$Ur gmowmo. àë`oh$mbm dojdojio A{YH$ma. Ë`m wio àë`oh$ O mvrmm Xþgè`m O mvrda amj. Ë`mMmM Cn`moJ Jmoè`m Zr Ho$bm Am{U Amnb amá` àñwm{nv Ho$b. AË`mMma dmt>bo H$s, {damoymmo gya C Q>m`bm bmjvmv. Qóìha ZmohmÀ`m nwñvh$m Ü`o ZoëgZ S>obm Mm Am{U Am{ «$H$Z Z ezb H$m±J«ogMm C oi AWm VM Amho, nu Ë`mÀ`m OJÊ`mÀ`m AmoKmV Vmo Zmhr. Ë`mÀ`m Am`wî`mMr Jmoï> Ë`mbm Amboë`m AZw^dm {df`r, Ë`mZo ^mojboë`m H$ï>m {df`r Amho. Ë`mÀ`m OÝ mz Va df ^amvm XmoZ dojù`m dumªmo ZmVog ~ Y qh$dm b¾ ~oh$m`xm R>adUmè`m H$m`ÚmV gwymaum Pmbr. Ë`mZ Va nmm dfmªzr S>obm Mr Vwé JmVyZ gwq>h$m Am{U AmUIr Mma dfmªzr X{jU Am{ «$Ho$ Ü`o gjù`m dumªà`m ZmJ[aH$m Zm VXmZmMm h $ XoUmar n{hbr {ZdS>UyH$. S>obm amï >mü`jnxr {ZdSy>Z Ambo Am{U H $îuduu`m Zm moh$ionumzo OJVm `od$ bmjb. nu `mmm AW H $îuduu`m Mr Xþ:I g nbr hmovr, Agm Zmhr. du ^ox AgVmZm Jmoè`mMr Jwbm r H$ê$Z H $îuduu`m Zm WmoS>o Var n go { iv. nu AmVm Ë`m Mr n MmB V hmov hmovr. H$m H$aÊ`mM Xþga H$moUV hr H$g~ Ë`m À`mVë`m AZoH$m nmer ZìhV. Ë`m wio nmoq> ^aê`mgmr>r, Hw$Qw> ~mm nmbznmofu H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m` H$amd, ho Ë`m Zm H$ioZm. Ë`mVyZM JwÝhoJmar dmt>rbm bmjbr, Ag Qóìha åhuvmo. 50

51 H$mhr H$mhr ~m~vtv Q oìhamr V Iyn R>m AmhoV. Amnb yi {dgau mugmbm eš` Zmhr, ho Ë`mVb M EH$. A o[aho$ Ü`o "Amåhr Am{ «$H$Z A o[ah$z' åhuyz AmoiIbo OmVmo Am{U Vo `mo½`m Amho, Ag Ë`mbm dmq>v. åhuyzm `m dfumm w$q>~m bmm {dœmfh$ «$mýgzo qoh$ë`mz Va Ë`mZo "Am{ «$H$m dz X dës> H$n' Agm {dzmox Ho$bm Am{U Ë`mdê$Z EH$M JXmamoi Pmbm. «$mýg Ü`o w$q>~m bà`m MmhË`m Zr Q oìhada gs>hy$z Q>rH$m Ho$br. AZoH$m Zr Ë`mMm {ZfoY Ho$bm. BVH $M Zìho, Va «$M A å~ogos>ahr Ë`mÀ`mda amjmdbo Am{U Ë`m Zr EH$ nì nmr>db. `m nìmv åhq>b hmov, "VwÂ`m åhuê`mv H$mhrhr VÏ` Zmhr. IwÔ IoimSy >ZrM Ag gm {JVb ` H$s- Ë`m Mo nmbh$ Xþgè`m XoemVyZ BWo Ambobo AgVrb, nu Vodrgn H$s XmoKo OU gmos>bo Va ~mh$s gjù`m Mm OÝ «$mýg Ü`o Pmbobm Amho. Ë`m M {eju «$mýg Yb Amho Am{U gm H$a Ioim`bmhr Vo «$mýg Ü`oM {eh$bobo AmhoV. Vo «$M ZmJ[aH$ AmhoV Am{U Ë`m Zm Amnë`m XoemMm A{^ mz Amho. `m IoimSy >Mr {Za{Zamir nmœ ^y r ho «$mýg Yë`m {d{dyvom à{vq~~ Amho. (Q oìhaà`m Vo, ho «$mýgà`m dgmhvdmxmm à{vq~~ Amho). «$mýg hm EH$ H$m ñ m nm {bq>z Xoe Amho...' dj ao dj ao. "X S>obr emo' `m Amnë`m H$m` H«$ mv QóìhaZo Ë`mM g{dñva CÎma {Xb. Vmo åhumbm, ""A å~ogos>a H$m` åhuvmhov Vo bm H$iV `, nu AZoH$ «$M ZmPr `m Am{ «$H$Z yi Agboë`m IoimSy >Zm {hudê`mgmr>r Ë`m À`m H $îuduu` AgÊ`mMm Cn`moJ H$aVmV. "Vwåhr «$M Zmhr, Amnë`m XoemV nav Om' Ag Ë`m Zm gm JVmV. Ë`m À`mda h m H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m À`m dum Mm Cn`moJ H$aVmV. mâ`m Vo, OJ^amVbo ãb H$ bmoh$ «$M IoimSy >M ho Am{ «$H$Z AgU gmoa H$aV hmovo. ZH$mamË H$ nõvrzo Zmhr, gh$mamë H$ nõvrzo nmhm- ho Am{ «$H$Z IoimSy> AmO «$M ~Zy eh$bo, Agm {dmma Ë`m À`m ZmV `ov hmovm. Ë`m IoimSy >Zr Oo { idb `, Vo BVa H $îuduu` gmoa H$aV hmovo. Am{U åhuyzm bm hm dmx {d{mì dmq>vmò. bmoh$ Am{ «$H$Z Am{U «$M Ago XmoÝhr H$m Agy eh$v ZmhrV? Am{U «$M Agm`M Va ñwbm Va Ho$boë`m Zr qh$dm Ë`m À`m wbm Zr Amnbr AmYrMr g ñh $Vr {dgê$z H$m Om`bm hdr? bm ho IoimSy> AmdS>VmV. EH$mM doir Ë`m M Am{ «$H$Z AgU Am{U «$M AgU bm AmdS>V. Ë`m M «$M AgU Og AmnU Ë`m À`mnmgyZ {hamdyz KoD$ eh$v Zmhr, Vg M Ë`m M Am{ «$H$Z AgU hr Ë`m À`m YyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Vm `ouma Zmhr. A o[aho$à`m ~m~vrv bm Zo H $ hom AmdS>V. hm Xoe na o$šq> Zmhr. nu BWo bmoh$m Zm Amnbr AmoiI bndmdr bmjv Zmhr- qh$~hþzm, Vr gmoar H$aVm `ovo. Xþga åhuoo, Ooìhm Am{ «$H$Z yi Agboë`m ì`º$sà`m hmvyz EImXm JwÝhm KS>Vmo, Voìhm «$mýg Ü`o Ë`mMm C oi Am{ «$H$Z ñwbm V[aV Agm hmovmo. nu Ë`m À`m wbm Zr {dœmfh$ qoh$bm H$s mì Ë`m Mm C oi Ho$di «$M åhuyz H$am`Mm AgVmo. hm Hw$R>bm Xm {^H$nUm åhum`mm?'' m m Xy Jgm m `m «$mýg Ü`o ñwbm V[aV Pmboë`m Am{ «$H$Z mugmm CXmhaUhr Ë`mZo {Xb. Qóìha åhumbm, ""Mm Ï`m Oë`mda EH$ bhmz yb AS>H$b hmov. Jgm mzo Amnbm Ord YmoŠ`mV KmbyZ `m wbmbm dmmdb Am{U gah$mazo Ë`mbm «$M ZmJ[aH$Ëd Vm~S>Vmo~ XoD$Z Q>mH$b. åhuoo O{ Zrda AgVmZm Vmo Am{ «$H$Z hmovm. Á`m jur Ë`mZo AS>H$boë`m wbmbm dmmdb, Ë`m jur Vmo «$M Pmbm! g Om Ë`mÀ`m hmvyz Vo ~mi ns>b AgV, Va Am{ «$H$Z mugmzo ~mi nms>b, Ag åhq>b Job AgV. ""gẍ^ Am{U ~mah$mdo, H $Jmoao `m Jmoï>r AmnU hadv Mmbbmò, Agḧr Ë`mM åhuu Amho. A o[aho$ Ybo A{V COdo åhuy bmjbov- "Amåhrhr hom åhuv hmovmo H$s, Am{ «$Ho$Zo {dœmfh$ qoh$bm`. nu Amåhr Vg åhq>ë`mda Amåhmbm du ^oxr mzb Job Am{U QóìhaZo åhq>ë`mda Vo Mmbb.' nu Vo ~amo~am Amho Zm? H$moU ~mobv `, H$moUË`m gẍ^m V ~mobv ` ho hîdmm Zmhr H$m? mâ`m { Ìmbm r, "H$m` ZrJa' Aer hmh$ mau Am{U EImÚm Jmoè`mZo Ver hmh$ mau `mv $ah$ Zmhr H$m? r Ë`m IoimSy >Zm Am{ «$H$Z åhuvmo Voìhm r Ë`m À`mVb «$MnU H$mTy>Z KoV ZgVmo, Va mâ`m Am{ «$H$ZnUm Ü`o Ë`m Mm g mdoe H$aV AgVmo. Am{ «$H$Z yi Agboë`m mâ`m «$M ^mdm H$S>o r ~KV AgVmo. Ë`m À`m Am{ «$H$Z AgÊ`mM H$m VwH$ r `mnwt>ohr H$aV amhrz; H$maU Vo Am{ «$Ho$Vbo AmhoV, Ë`m Mo nmbh$ 51

52 Am{ «$Ho$Vbo AmhoV `mmr OmUrd bm Amho. Ë`mM doir Vo «$M AmhoV, hohr bm mhrv Amho. Am{U «o$m bmoh$m Zm Oa ho mý` Zgob Va Vmo Ë`m Mm àm ãbo Amho, mpm Zmhr. "" r H$moU Amho, Hw$Ry>Z Ambmò, ho Zmhr {dgavm `ouma; H$maU Vmo mâ`m ApñVËdmMm A{d^mÁ` ^mj Amho. r Omo H$mhr KS>bmò, Vmo ~mbnur mâ`mda Pmboë`m g ñh$mam YyZ. ho g ñh$ma H$go nwgyz Q>mH$Vm `ovrb?'' emiov AgVmZmhr Yë`m gwå>rv XmZmda Pmbobr wbm Mr {d^mjur ~KUmam Qóìha AmnmoAmn H $îuduu` wbm À`m KmoiŠ`mV {eam`mm. Jmoè`m wbm Ü`o Vmo { giy eh$v ZìhVm. H$bS> wb $maer ZìhVrM. X{jU Am{ «$Ho$V mor>çm g»`ozo Agboë`m ^mavr`m Ü`ohr Vmo ~mhoamm hmovm. ( mì, AH$amì`m dfu Zì m emiov EH$Q>mM C^m AgVmZm {WgmZ {n o ZmdmÀ`m ^mavr` wbmzom Ë`mÀ`mg moa ÌrMm hmv nwt>o Ho$bm Agë`mM hr Ë`mZo AmdOy Z åhq>b `.) bhmznumnmgyz H $îuduu`m Ü`o dmt>ë`m wio VoM Ë`mbm Ë`mMo gjogmò ao dmq>v, `mv Zdb Vo H$m` AgUma! QóìhaMm OÝ Pmbm Am{U n {Q {e`m Ë`mbm KoD$Z dojù`m Kar amhm`bm Jobr. am ~Q> bm Amnbm Ìmg hmod$ Z`o, hm Ë`m mjmm hovy hmovm. nu Amnë`m wbm{df`r am ~Q> À`m ZmV ào hmov. Ë`m wio n {Q {e`m bnyz-n>nyz Qóìhabm am ~Q> À`m Kar KoD$Z Om`Mr. gwédmvrmo H$mhr {hzo XþnQ>çmV Jw S>mibob ho ~mi H $îuduu` Amho H$s H$bS>, ho H$iU eš` ZìhV. Ë`m wio Vo eš`hr ìhm`m. nu Z Va mì QóìhaMm du bndu H$R>rU hmod$ bmjb. H $îuduu` ~mb bm H$bS> yb AgU JwÝhm Agbm Var H$bS> Xm në`mm H$bS> yb hm JwÝhm ZìhVm. n {Q {e`mzo J Amnë`m EH$m H$bS> {ÌUrbm hmvmer Yab. Qóìha {VMm wbjm Amho Am{U AmnU Ë`mMr XmB AmhmoV, Ag Vr ~mhoaà`m OJmbm ^mgdv Ago. XoemVbo H$m`Xo qh${mv {e{wb Pmë`mZ Va {Vbm Amnë`m wbmbm Amnb åhuu eš` Pmb Am{U n {Q {e`m Qóìhabm KoD$Z gmodoq>mobm Amnë`m mhoar `od$ bmjbr. {VÀ`m AmB M Ka åhuoo PmonS>rM hmovr. EH$ Imobr Am{U Iyn gmar mug. {VWohr Qóìha Ë`mÀ`m dum wio dojim R>am`Mm. Ë`mVyZ n {Q {e`mzo hå>mzo Ë`mbm B p½be {eh$m`bm bmdb hmov. Ë`m wio Ë`mMr AmOr H$YrM Ë`mÀ`mda hmv CJmam`Mr Zmhr. Eadr bhmz wbm Zm mau hm gjù`m mor>çm Mm OÝ {gõ h $ Ago. {eñv bmdê`mmm Vmo EH$ od mj mzbm Om`Mm. EH$m wbmivr Ü`o QóìhaZo gm {JVb `, ""nu mâ`m AmOrbm ^rvr dmq>m`mr. Amnë`m BVa ZmVd S>m Zm H$m Am{U H$g mam`m, ho {Vbm mhrv hmov ; nu bm- EH$m H$bS> wbmbm maê`mmr {VMr qh V ìhm`mr Zmhr. mpo AmOmo~mhr Ë`m À`m JmS>rVyZ bm Ý`m`Mo, Voìhm AmJ«h H$ê$Z mjà`m grq>da ~gm`bm bmdv. {VWo mbh$ ~gvmv åhuyz!'' Amnbm du hm H${Zð> Amho, ho `m S>itÀ`m ZmV {H$Vr n $ ~gbob hmov. QóìhaÀ`m gwx dmzo Ë`mÀ`m AmB bm Agm H$moUVmhr J S> ZìhVm. Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimV {VZo H $Wm {bh$ Y ñdrh$mabobm hmovm. `oeyda {VMr {Zñgr ^º$s hmovr Am{U H$moUË`mhr n[apñwvrv Amnbm Xod Amnë`m nmr>rer Agob, Agm {VMm Xmdm Agm`Mm. Kar XmoZ doim Im`bm Agm`M, nu Ë`mgmR>r $ma n go IM Ho$bo Om`Mo ZmhrV. m g H$mnVmZm Imbr ns>bobr Ma~r ñdñv { ivo, åhuyz Vr {eodbr Om`Mr. Ë`mhÿZ H$ r n go AgVrb Va o$hy$z {Xboë`m hms>m M gyn ~Zdb Om`M. QóìhaZo $mam VH«$ma Ho$br Va AmB {MH$Z AmUm`Mr. mì n {Q {e`mzo n go gmr>dyz EH$ OwZr $mošgd JZ {dh$v KoVbr. Qóìhabm KoD$Z Ë`mVyZ Vr ^anya ^Q>H$m`Mr. `m XmoKm M Ag EH$ OJ {Z m U Pmb hmov Am{U n {Q {e`m Ë`mbm AmH$ma XoV hmovr. Amnë`m wbmbm n {Q {e`m Zoh rm ~amo~arà`m mugmgmai dmjdv Ago. ~mh$s H$embm n go XoU {VÀ`m {Odmda `ob, nu QóìhagmR>r nwñvh $ AmUVmZm {VZo H$Yrhr VH«$ma Ho$br Zmhr. Ë`mV Ym{ H$ nwñvh$m Mm ^aum Agm`Mm, ho Ia ; nu dmmzmmr AmdS> bmjê`mgmr>r hr gwédmv nwaoer hmovr. Amnë`m AmB wio Qóìhahr AZoH$ ^mfm ~moby bmjbm. B p½be hr Ë`mMr n{hbr ^mfm Agob `mmr H$miOr n {Q {e`mzo KoVbr hmovrm. H$maU `mm ^mfo wio Vmo Amnë`m J[a~rda mv H$ê$ eho$b, Ag {VM V hmov. 52

53 nu Pmogm, Pwby, gmowmo, ËñdmZm, Am{ «$H$mZ `m ^mfmhr Ë`mbm B p½bebvš`mm AñI{bV `od$ bmjë`m. Ë`mV O Z ^mfomrhr Z Va ^a ns>br. gmodoq>o Ü`o dojdojù`m ^mfm ~mobumao H $îuduu` hmovo. Ë`mVë`m AZoH$m Zm Amnbr gmosy>z BVa H$moUVrhr ^mfm g Om`Mr Zmhr. Ë`m À`mer ~mobyz, Ë`m M EoHy$Z n {Q {e`m Ë`m {eh$br. {VMr ñdv:mr mv ^mfm Pmogm hmovr. dojdojù`m ^mfm Mm Amnbr AmB H$gm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoVo, ho Qóìha bhmz Agë`mnmgyZ nmhv hmovm. Ë`m wio Vmohr Ë`m gjù`m ^mfm AmnmoAmn {eh$bm Am{U AmB gmaimm Ë`m Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$ bmjbm. EH$Xm añë`mvyz EH$Q>m OmV AgVmZm H$mhr Pwby wb Ë`mÀ`m mjo `od$ bmjbr. Ë`mbm JmRy>Z Ë`mbm bw~ms>m`mm Ë`m Mm ßb Z Mmbbm hmovm. Ë`m M ~mobu EoHy$Z Qóìha dibm Am{U Ë`m Zm åhumbm, ""AmnU gjio { iyz Xþgè`m H$moUmbm Var bw~ms>b Va? mpr V`mar Amho.'' Vr wb JS>~S>br Am{U J gmdê$z åhumbr, ""gm ar S>çwS>. Amåhr Jmoè`m Zm bw~ms>ê`mmm {dmma H$aV hmovmo. VwÂ`mH$Sy>Z Amåhmbm H$mhrhr ZH$mò.'' ^mfo{df`r Qóìha Amnë`m nwñvh$mvyz Am{U Amnë`m dojdojù`m wbmivt YyZ Iyn N>mZ ~mobvmo. "" r EH$ àh$mao gas>m ~Zbmo hmovmo. mpm a J ~Xbm`Mm Zmhr. nu mâ`m a Jm{df`rMr Vw Mr ZOa mì ^mfo wio r ~Xby eh$v hmovmo. Vwåhr mâ`mer ËñdmZm Ü`o ~mobbmv, Va r Ë`m ^mfov Vwåhmbm CÎma Úm`Mmo. Vw Mr ^mfm Pwby Agob, Va mprhr ^mfm VrM Agm`Mr. r Vw À`mgmaIm {Xgm`Mmo Zmhr, nu r Oa Vw À`mgmaIm ~mobv AgoZ Va r Vw À`mn H$s EH$ hmod$z Om`Mmo.'' n {Q {e`mzo AmUIr EH$ Jmoï> Qóìhabm {eh$dbr. OmUrdnyd H$ Zmhr, AmnmoAmn. {VZo Ë`mbm {dmma H$am`bm {eh$db. H$moUVrhr Jmoï> {Z yq>nuo ñdrh$mê$ ZH$mog, àý {dmma- `m {VÀ`m d Îmr wio Qóìhahr VgmM Pmbm. H$moUË`mhr H $îuduu` KamV Zgbob dmvmdau AmB wio Qóìha AZw^dV hmovm, OJV hmovm. H$Yr Var Ë`mÀ`m AmB bm EImXr H $îuduu` ~mb {dmmam`mr, "Am`wî` Oa KoÅ>mo Ü`o H$mT>m`M Agob Va Vy Qóìhabm ~mhoam OJ H$m XmIdVò g?' Ë`mda n {Q {e`m CÎma Úm`Mr, "H$maU, Vmo Oar BWyZ ~mhoa ns>bm Zmhr, Var KoÅ>mo åhuoo OJ Zìho ho Ë`mbm g Oob.' `m XmoKm M OJ ~Xbb, Vo E~bMm Ë`mV àdoe Pmbm Voìhm. E~b moq>a oh ${ZH$ hmovm. dma dma ~ X ns>umar $mošgd JZ XþéñV H$am`À`m {Z{ ÎmmZo n {Q {e`m Am{U E~bMr Ìr Pmbr. H$mhr dfmªzr Ë`m Zr b¾ Ho$b Am{U ~amh$ Amo~m m m À mgmo~v Q >oìha 53

54 A±S ²>>çyMm OÝ Pmbm. A±S ²>>çy gmymau dfm Mm AgVmZmMm EH$ àg J QóìhaZo Amnë`m nwñvh$mv {b{hb `. Ë`mÀ`m AmB À`m ì`{º$ ÎdmM Zo H $ {MÌ Ë`m àg JmVyZ C^ amhv. Xa a{ddmar n {Q {e`m Amnë`m wbm Zm KoD$Z MM Ü`o Om`Mr. EH$ Zìho, VrZ. EH$m a{ddmar Ë`m Mr JmS>r ~ X ns>ë`m wio {VZo { Zr~gZo Om`M R>adb. ""JmS>r MmbV Zmhr`o `mmm AW OrPgbm AmO AmnU Amam H$am`bm hdm`,'' Ag QóìhaZo {Vbm gm JyZ nm{hb, nu Ë`mMm Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmhr. Ë`m doir OmohmÝg~J À`m Amgnmg H $îuduu` bmoh$m Zr { Zr~gMr godm gwê$ Ho$bobr hmovr. S>obm Vwé JmVyZ gwq>bobo Agbo Var gmd {ÌH$ {ZdS>UwH$m Pmboë`m ZìhË`m. g gxoda Jmoè`m M M dm ñd hmov Am{U Ë`m Zr Ho$bobo H$m`Xo aô Pmbo ZìhVo. H $îuduu`m Zm R>amdrH$ doioz Va ehamv AgÊ`mMr nadmzjr ZìhVr. {edm`, H $îuduu`m gmr>r gmd O{ZH$ dmhvyh$hr CnbãY ZìhVr. nu H$m mgmr>r H $îuduu`m Mr JaO ^mgv Agë`m wio { Zr~gMr godm Mmbm`Mr. Vr AWm VM ImgJr hmovr, H$m`ÚmÀ`m n[akm~mhoamr hmovr. Aem n[apñwvrv eodq>à`m MM YyZ n {Q {e`m Amnë`m XmoZ wbm Zm KoD$Z ~mhoa ns>br, Voìhm { Å> H$mimoI ns>bm hmovm. AmOy~mOybm EH$hr { Zr~g {XgV ZìhVr. ~amm doi dmq> nmhÿz {VZo {bâq> mjm`m R>adb. EH$m JmS>rdmë`mZo {bâq> {Xbrhr. nu WmoS >g A Va nma hmov ` Z hmov ` VmoM mjyz EH$ { Zr~g Ambr Am{U JmS>rÀ`m g moa `od$z C^r am{hbr. Amnë`m ì`dgm`mda S> m mabm åhuyz { Zr~gMm Sḿ`ìha g VmnyZ JmS>rÀ`m Sḿ`ìhada Mmb H$ê$Z Ambm. n {Q {e`mzo Ë`mMr g OyV H$er~er H$mT>br Am{U AmnU Ia Va { Zr~gMrM dmq> nmhv hmovmo, Ag gm JyZ Vr Amnë`m XmoZ wbm Zm KoD$Z ~g Ü`o ~gbr. ~g Ü`o Xþga H$moUrhr ZìhV. amì Pmbobr. Sḿ`ìha Am{U H $S>ŠQ>a XmoKm Mmhr nmam MT>bobm. Sḿ`ìhaZo J n {Q {e`mh$s>o Amnbm momm didbm. ""Omo muyg VwPm Zdam Zmhr, Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a JmS>rV ~gm`bm Vwbm ea H$er dmq>br Zmhr?'' Ag Vmo {dmmê$ bmjbm. Pwby Am{U Pmogm ho nma n[ah$ d ar. n {Q {e`m Ë`m Sḿ`ìhaM åhuu Jßn ~gyz EoHy$Z KoU eš`m ZìhV. XmoKm Mr ~mobmmmbr gwê$ Pmbr. {Vbm doí`m åhuon`ªv Ë`mMr Ob Jobr. Sḿ`ìha AmVm dojmzo JmS>r Mmbdy bmjbm hmovm. ""Amåhmbm CVam`M `'' Ag n {Q {e`mzo gm {JVë`mZ Vahr Ë`mZo JmS>r Wm ~dbr Zmhr. hm nwéf Amnë`mda ~bmëh$ma H$ê$ eh$vmo, Amnë`m wbm Zm R>ma mê$ eh$vmo `mmr H$ënZm {Vbm Ambr. EìhmZm n Jwibobm Qóìha ~gà`m ñbm`qs>j XadmOmnmer ~gbm hmovm. {VZo ju^a {dmma Ho$bm Am{U ~gmm doj qh${mv H$ r Pmbm` Ag bjmv Amë`mda XadmOm CKSy>Z Qóìhabm añë`mda T>H$byZ {Xb. Ë`mÀ`m mjmo mj A±S ²>>çybm N>mVrer KÅ> H$dQ>miyZ ñdv:hr CS>r mabr. Imbr ns>vm jur Vr AmoaS>br, ""Qóìha@@ az!'' Am{U ñdv: CRy>Z Ymdy bmjbr. XmoKm Mrhr T>mona aº$mibobr hmovr. nu Vr doi H$ÊhV ~gm`mr ZìhVr. ~g nwt>o OmD$Z Wm ~br. Vmon`ªV m`boh$ Ord KoD$Z niy bmjbo hmovo. gwx dmzo A±S ²>>çybm Hw$R>ohr XþImnV Pmbobr ZìhVr. hm àg J gm JyZ Qóìha åhuvmo, ""ho Y ` Hw$Ry>Z Amb {VÀ`mV? hr VmH$X H$er { imbr {Vbm? XmoZ ~bx S> nwéfm Zm MH$dyZ Amnbm wbjm Am{U AmnU niy ehy$, hm {dœmg H$gm { idbm {VZo? Amnë`m wbm gmr>r AmB H$mhrhr H$ê$ eh$vo, ho AmnU EoH$Vmo; nu Vr Ag H$mhr H$ê$ eh$vo H$m? Ë`m amìr AmB Zo ñdv:mm Am{U Amåhm XmoKm Mm Ord dmmdbm hmovm!'' à{vhy$b n[apñwvr Ü`o ZwgVmM VJ Yam`Mm Zmhr, Va Ë`mVyZ ~mhoa ns>m`m - hr AmB Mr {OÔ Qóìha Ü`ohr Ambr Agmdr. emiov AgVmZmM Am{W H$ n[apñwvr wio Amnë`mda H$mhr `m Xm AmhoV `mmr OmUrd Ë`mbm Pmbr hmovr. nu Amnb e{º$ñwmzhr Ë`mbm mhrv hmov. YmdU. OodUmMr gwå>r Pmbr H$s H±$Q>rZÀ`m {XeoZo gjir wb YmdV gwq>m`mr. am JoV nwt>mm Z ~a { imbm H$s hd Vo OodU KoVm `m`m. Qóìha BWo Zoh r n{hbm Agm`Mm. Ë`mZo J BVa Jmoè m wbm H$Sy>Z n go KoD$Z Ë`m Mm Z ~a bmdm`bm gwédmv Ho$br. `m { imboë`m n em VyZ Ë`mZo Kar EH$ OwZm H$m åß`wq>a {dh$v KoVbm. B Q>aZoQ> KoVb Am{U A o[ah$z g JrVmÀ`m 54

55 nm`aq>os> grs>ro H$ê$Z Vmo Ë`m emiov {dhy$ bmjbm. ~momamvë`m grs>ronojm Ë`mMr qh$ V AWm VM H$ r hmovr. {edm`, AZoH$ ZdZdrZ JmUr Vmo wbm n`ªv nmomdv hmovm. nu Ë`m doir B Q>aZoQ>dê$Z JmU S>mD$ZbmoS> H$am`M Va A»Ir amì bmjo. grs>r am`q>a KoVbm Va ho H$m gmon hmob b `mmr H$ënZm Ë`mbm hmovr. nu VodT>r EonV ZìhVr. Ë`mM Zer~ åhum, Ë`mÀ`m EH$m { ÌmZo emim gmosy>z OmVmZm Amnë`mH$S>Mm OwZm grs>r am`q>a Qóìhabm ^oq> {Xbm Am{U J nm`aq>os> grs>romm ì`dgm` AmUIr dojmzo hmod$ bmjbm. "Jar~ mugmbm mgo ImD$ KmVbo, Va EH$m {XdgmM Ë`mM OodU gwq>v. nu Ë`mbm mgo nh$s>m`bm {eh$db, Va Ë`mbm Ë`mM amoom OodU { idvm `ov,' Aer EH$ åhu Amho. QóìhaÀ`m Vo, `mv WmoS>r gwymaum H$am`bm hdr. mgo nh$s>m`bm J[a~mbm {eh$dm`m Va Ë`mbm { $qej am S>hr Úm`bm hdm. Zmhr Va ZwgV {ehy$z Vmo H$m` H$aUma? { ÌmZo {Xbobm grs>r am`q>a åhuoo Ë`mÀ`mgmR>r Vmo { $qej am S> hmovm. A o[aho$vb bmoh${à` g JrV Qóìhabm AmVm PnmQ>çmZo { idvm `od$ bmjb. Ë`mÀ`mM Omoamda Ë`mZo Jmoè m wbm À`m nmq>çmª Ü`o S>rOo åhuyz n go { idm`bm gwédmv Ho$br. Ë`mMm nwt>mm Q>ßnm åhuyz AmUIr H$mhr { Ìm ~amo~a EH$ ~±S> H$mT>bm. EìhmZm Vmo gkmz Pmbm hmovm. E~bÀ`m XheVrbm H $Q>mibm hmovm. `mbm gmosy>z Xo, Ag AmB bm gm JyZhr Vr EoH$V ZìhVr. nu QóìhaZo AmVm ñdv Ì amhmd, Agm mì {VMm AmJ«h hmovm. Qóìhabmhr Vo gmob M hmov. AmB À`m KamOdiM Ë`mZo EH$ N>moQ>mgm âb Q> ^ms>çmzo KoVbm Am{U Ë`mM Ag ñdv Ì Am`wî` gwê$ Pmb. n gm { idu ho Ë`m doir Ë`mM EH$ od C{Ôï> hmov. Ë`mVyZM JwÝhoJmar OJVmer Ë`mMr AmoiI Pmbr. AÅ>b Zìho, nu hoam o$ar H$ê$Z n go H$ mdumè`m er. amoi ZgUmè`m Zm ì`momzo n go XoÊ`mnmgyZ gwédmv Pmbr. hiyhiy Ë`mM ê$nm Va dojdojù`m dñvy À`m XodmU- KodmUrVyZ n go H$ mdê`mv Pmb. EH$ doi Aer Ambr H$s, ho Am`wî` ~a ` H$s- Ag Qóìhabm dmqy> bmjb. Yë`m H$mimV EH$m N>moQ>çm JwÝømgmR>r Ë`mbm AmR> {Xdg Vwé JmV amhmd bmjb Am{U ~hþym Ë`mMo S>moio Q oìha Zmohm AmO 34 dfmªmm Amho. H$m os>r g Q b `m A o[ah$z M Zobda gßq> ~a 2015 nmgyz "X S>obr emo' ZmdmMm amoh$s`-gm m{oh$ ^mî` H$aUmam AË` V bmoh${à` Agm {dzmoxr H$m` H«$ gmxa H$aVmò. ñq>±s> An H$m os>rà`m Ë`mÀ`m H$m` H«$ m Zm Vw $mz JXu hmovo. OJ^amVë`m ZmdmOboë`m H$m o{s>`ýg Ü`o Ë`mM Zmd KoVb OmV. Ë`mMr dfm Mr H$ mb gw mao 13 H$moQ>r S>m bg EdT>r Amho. wimv A{^Z`mMr AmdS> Am{U ZH$bm H$aÊ`mV hmvi S>m Agë`m wio A o[aho$mo AÜ`j S>m ZëS> Q ån hm ZmohmÀ`m Img AmdS>rMm {df`. 55

56 CKS>bo AgmdoV. Ë`mVyZM J Amnë`mbm H$m` H$am`bm AmdS>V `mmm {dmma gwê$ Pmbm Am{U Qóìhabm EH$m gmon Am noam Ü`o {H$aH$moi ^y{ H$m { imbr. Ë`mVyZ Xþga H$m, J {Vga. ao{s>amoda Ë`mMm ñdv:mm emo gwê$ Pmbm. nu Amnë`mbm ñq>±s> An H$m { H$ åhuyz H$m H$am`bm Om `ovò, ho bjmv Amë`mda Ë`mZo Ho$di Ë`mda bj H ${ÐV Ho$b. Xaå`mZ, AmB Amnë`m XmoZ wbm Zm KoD$Z E~bnmgyZ dojir Pmbr hmovr. {VZo nwýhm b¾ Ho$b hmov. AmOhr Vr Amnë`m Zdè`m~amo~a {VWoM amhvò. gji H$mhr gwairv Mmbb `, Ag dmqy> bmjb hmov. Am{U AMmZH$ Am`wî`mZo Ë`mbm AmUIr EH$m diumda AmUyZ gmos>b. EH$m Zì`m XoemV Zì`mZo O ~gdm`mm hmovm. nav n{hë`mnmgyz H$m mbm gwédmv H$am`Mr hmovr. A o[aho$bm Amë`mZ Va gwédmvrà`m H$mimV QóìhaZo mz mosy>z H$m Ho$b. { iob Vo H$m` H«$ Vmo ñdrh$mav hmovm. Ooar gmb Z o$ës> `m ZìdXÀ`m XeH$mVë`m A o[aho$vë`m A{Ve` bmoh${à` Am{U à{gõ H$m o{s>`zmm EH$ Zdm H$m` H«$ ZoQ>pâbŠgda hmovmo. Ë`mV Vmo AmOÀ`m H$m o{s>`ýgà`m wbmivr KoVmo. Qóìha ZmohmZo Ë`m wbmivr Ü`o gm {JVb `, ""{Xdgmbm ghmgmv H$m` H«$ H$am`Mmo r. Jwédma Vo e{zdma Ý`ỳ m H $ Ü`o Ago Vmg-XrS> VmgmMo H$m` H«$ H$am`Mo Am{U a{ddmar b S>Zbm Om`Mmo. VrZ {Xdg {VWë`m {WEQ>a Ü`o mpo emo ìhm`mo. Am{U J nav Ý`ỳ m H $bm `m`m, H$s mjm M ê${q>z gwê$.'' H$m mà`m ~m~vrv EdT>r {Zð>m `ovo Hw$Ry>Z, Ag {dmmaë`mda Qóìha åhuvmo, ""Jar~ AgÊ`mVyZ.'' b S>Z Ü`o Ë`mbm Ambobm EH$ AZw^dhr gm JÊ`mgmaIm Amho. H$m` H«$ gwê$ Pmbm. Qóìha ZmohmZo Zoh rà muo, "hm`, Am` A Qóìha Zmohm «$m gmd$w Am{ «$H$m...' Ag åhq>b Am{U àojh$m Yë`m H$moUr Var "ñq>oodê$z Imbr CVa ao@@' Ag AmoaS>b. Qóìha ju^a Jm Jabm. H$m` ~mobmd, ho Ë`mbm gwmozm. àojh$hr em V Pmbo. Am{U J QóìhaZo {dmmab, ""Pmb H$m Vw M? m $ H$am, nu r Á`m XoemVyZ `ovmo {VWo Jmoao bmoh$ Vw À`m A Jmda `ovmv Voìhm Hw$Ìo Am{U Q>rAa J g gmos>vmv. Vw À`mnmer ho EH$M dmš` hmov?'' g nyu {WEQ>a Q>mù`m À`m H$S>H$S>mQ>mZo XUmUyZ Job hmov. Qóìha ZmohmM BVŠ`m H$ r AdYrV { idbob AmOM `e hodm dmq>mdm Ag Amho. mì Ë`mgmR>r Ë`mZo ohzvhr VodT>rM KoVbr`o. Ë`mMm {Xdg H$gm OmVmo, ho EoH$b H$s Y $mm ~gvmo. amoo g Ü`mH$mir ghm dmovm Vmo CR>Vmo. ~mvå`m nmhvmo. J A Kmoi dj ao H$ê$Z V`ma hmod$z gmv dmovm {OWo Ë`mMm ñq>±s> An H$m` H«$ Agob {VWo OmVmo. XrS> Vmg {VWo ~mobë`mda Vmo ~mhoa nsy>z ~«oh$ $mñq> KoVmo. {VWyZ AmUIr H$mhr {R>H$mUr, {VWyZ AmUIr Hw$R>ë`m Var OmJr. nav `od$z amìrm OodU H$aVmo. Amnë`m H$mhr H$m o{s>`z { Ì- {ÌUt~amo~a Jßnm mavmo. VrZoH$ dmobo H$s, Kar Om`bm {ZKVmo. dmq>ov {XdgmM dmugm mz, H$mhr IaoXr Agob Va- Ag H$aV-H$aV Kar nmomm`bm Ë`mbm Xhm dmovmv. J Vmo PmonVmo Am{U g Ü`mH$mir ghm dmovm CR>Vmo. H$s, nwýhm MH«$ gwê$. AmVm Jobr VrZ dfª "X S>obr emo' H$am`bm bmjë`mnmgyz `mv WmoS>m $ma ~Xb Pmbm`. H$maU amooà`m eyqq>jmr Ë`mV ^a ns>br`o. Om Z ñqw>aq> `m Iyn mor>çm H$m o{s>`zà`m {Zd ÎmrZ Va QóìhaZo Ë`mMr OmJm KoVbr`o. hr O~m~Xmar mor>r Amho Am{U Vmo Vr {Z^mdVmò, Ag {XgV `. H$maU AbrH$S>oM H$m os>r g Q bzo Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a 2022 n`ªvmm H$ama Ho$bm`. Hw$R>ë`m Var EH$m wbmivr Ü`o Qóìha åhumbm hmovm, "" r A o[aho$v amhumam `m OJmMm ZmJ[aH$ Amho. Ë`m wio r Hw$Urhr Zmhr Am{U àë`oh$ OU Amho.'' H$mhr dfmªnydu Vo Ia hr Agob. nu AmO Qóìha Zmohm Iyn mor>çm C Mrda nmombm`. JwÝhm åhuyz OÝ mbm Amboë`m X{jU Am{ «$Ho$Vë`m Ë`m wbmzo AmO Amnb ñwmz {Z m U Ho$b `. Vmo Hw$Urhr Zmhr Ag AmVm åhuvm `ouma Zmhr, H$maU Vmo Hw$Ur Var ~Zbm`! rzm H${U H$, w ~B meenakarnik@gmail.com Mob.:

57 AmXaUr` J«mgm meob ( S>obm `m À`m nëzr), S>obm Am{U meob Hw$Qw> ~r`... gmd$w Am{ «$H$m m hmz XoemV EH$ Zdr Amem n {dv H$aUmao amï >mü`j amo mo $mogm, S>m ŠQ>a, àmü`mnh$ Am{U AÝ à{v{ð>v A{VWrJU, du ^oxm{déõ bt>m XoUmè`m AmXaUr` {ggwby d Ë m Mo Hw$Qw> ~r` Am{U m XoemMo gd ZmJ[aH$... AmnUm gdmªmo r Z nyd H$ Am^ma mzvmo. B{VhmgmVrb Iè`m AWm Zo {demb åhuvm `ob b, Aem ì`{º$ ÎdmÀ`m OÝ evmãxrà`m àg Jr AmnUm gdmª Ü`o CnpñWV amhuo hr mâ`mgmr>r A{Ve` Jm admñnx ~m~ Amho. {S>~m À`m e ^amì`m OÝ {XZr AmnU Aem EH$m Mm añë`mda C^o AmhmoV. m jur mzdmà`m ^{dî`mvrb dmq>mmbrgẍ^m Vrb XmoZ nyu V dojù`m {dmmaymam OJ^amVrb bmoh$m Mr Z qoh$ê`mgmr>r g moamg moa Cä`m R>mH$ë`m AmhoV. AmnU H$moU AmhmoV Am{U ^{dî`mv H$moU ~Zmd, mg ~ YrMr dojdojir {ZdoXZ m XmoÝhr {dmmaymam H$aV AmhoV. AmnU Hw$Umbm gmx Úm`Mr? Ho$coco ^mfu ~amh$ Amo~m m 57

58 ^mfumbm gwédmv H$aÊ`mnydu EH$ XþéñVr H$ê$Z H$mhr H$~wbr XoD$ BpÀN>Vmo. XþéñVr Aer H$s, r A{Ve` CÎm ZmMy eh$vmo. { eob ( mpr nëzr) m ~m~vrv qh${mv gag Agob, na Vw mâ`m H$m eë`m~m~v mp V AJXr ñnï> Amho. AmVm H$~wbrO~m~mH$S>o divmo. m H$m` H«$ mm Hw$R>b hr {Z ÌU bm { imb ZìhV. J«mgm meob m Zr BWo CnpñWV amhê`mmr AJXr ào i eãxm Ü`o AmkmM Ho$br hmovr. Xþgar àm m{uh$ H$~wbr- bm ^yjmobmmm nyu nuo {dga ns>bm hmovm. mpm OÝ hdmb ~oq>mda Pmbm hmovm. {VWo Owb hm Vgm CÝhmù`mMm {hzm. Ë`m wio BWo `ovmzm r H$moQ> qh$dm BVa C~Xma H$nS>o AmUbo ZìhVo. nu gmd$w Am{ «$Ho$V AmVm {hdmim Agob, Agm {dmmahr Zmbm ñney Z Jobm Zmhr. BWbr ~momumar W S>r AZw^dyZ bjom r EH$m ghh$mè`mbm m b Ü`o em qnjgmr>r nmr>db. {Vgar H$~wbr- mâ`m ghh$mè`m Zr Ooìhm bm gm {JVb H$s, m H$m` H«$ mv bm ì`m»`mz Úm`M Amho, Voìhm ju^a r {Z eãx Pmbmo. ì`m»`mz åhq>b H$s d`ñh$a, ~mo-q>m` bmdboë m, bmoh$armm gyq> KmVboë`m àmü`mnh$m Mr AmR>dU `ovo. mpo {nh$bobo Ho$g Am{U H$mhrem H$ Omoa Pmboë m Ñï>rgmo~VM ho ì`m»`mzmm Am {MË` Am`wî`mVrb m Zì`m ndm Mr AmUIr EH$ IyUM åhum`bm hdr; Zmhr H$m? Ia gm Jm`M Va, h r mâ`m wbtzm mpr àë`oh$ Jmoï> bošmam dmq>vo. A o[aho$vrb nìh$ma mâ`mh$s>o XmoZ { {ZQ>m M gmc S>~mB Q> `m`bm `ovmv Am{U mpr bm ~bmh$ CÎma EoH$VmZm Ë`m Zm `oumam d VmJ ñnï> OmUdVmo. na Vw AmO {d{mì Am{U A{Z{üV H$mimV AmnU dmdav AmhmoV. n[apñwvr Ia M {d{mì Am{U A{Z{üVVoMr Amho. amooà`m ~mv rnìmvyz AñdñW H$aUmè`m, S>moŠ`mbm ^modi AmUUmè`m AZoH$ ~mvå`m Amnë`mn`ªV nmomvmv. Voìhm bm dmq>b H$s, ju^a EH$ nmd$b mjo KoD$Z H$mhr Var Ñ{ï>H$moZ { i{dê`mmm à`ëz Z $sm bm^xm`h$ R>aob. Va "AmnU Hw$R>o hmovmo, AmOÀ`m m n[apñwvrn`ªv AmnU H$go nmombmo' m{df`r mp V m S>VmZmM Ë`mVyZ nwt>rb dmq>mmbrgmr>r H$mhr mj Xe Z { iob, Aer Anojm m ^mfumvyz Amho. W S>r WmoS>r ~momar Agbr Var Vw Mm gh^mj mv { iob, AerM Amem Amho. e ^a dfmªnydu {S>~m Mm OÝ ²...ådoPmo JmdmV Pmbm. ~{KVb V, Am{ «$Ho$V Ambmo H$s r "E ' m AmÚmjamMm Cƒma AJXr AMyH$ H$ê$ eh$vmo. Ia Va m {MdQ> W S>r wio AmoR> WaWaVmhoV Am{U åhuyzm hm Cƒma ZrQ> `ovmò. Va, AmË M[aÌmV {S>~m Zr AmZ Xr ~mbnumm du Z Ho$b Amho. Vo eovmv OZmdam Mr H$miOr KoV, BVa wbm gmo~v IoiV AgV. nwt>o Vo emiov OmD$ bmjbo. {VWo Ë`m À`m {ejh$mzom "ZoëgZ' ho B J«Or Zmd Ë`m Zm {Xb. "ho Zmd bm H$m {Xc Job, mmr `pëh ${MVhr H$ënZm bm Zmhr,' Ag m{s>~m åhumbo hmovo. Ë`m ^y rv, Ë`m H$mir OÝ bobm EH$ H $îuduu` wbjm B{Vhmgmbm Ag diu XoD$ eho$b mda Hw$UmMmhr {dœmg ~gbm ZgVm. n[apñwvrhr VerM hmovr. {~«{Q>e gm «má`mvyz X{jU Am{ «$Ho$cm ñdmv Í` { iyz XeH$hr nyu Pmb ZìhV. bmoh$m Zm dumªà`m AmYmao {d^º$ H$ê$Z Ë m Mo ñdmv Í` {hamdê`mà`m CÔoemZo H$m`Xo ~Zdbo OmD$ bmjbo. Ë`mVyZM du ÛofmM YmoaU ApñVËdmV Amb. mâ`m d{s>bm À`m OÝ ^y rgh Am{ «$Ho$Vrb ~hþvm e àxoe Voìhm dgmhvdmxmzo J«mgbm hmovm. {S>~m À`m OÝ mz Va H$mhr {hý`m VM gḧmah$ n{hc hm`wõ g nb hmov. Ë m `wõmvrb {do`m wio `wamonmvrb gm «má`dmxr Xoe A{YH$ e{º$embr Pmbo hmovo. Am{ «$H$m åhuoo Z g{j H$ gmyzg nîmrzo g Õ Am{U A{Ve` ñdñv H$m Jmam Mm àxoe, AgmM Ë m XoemVrb bmoh$m Mm Ñ{ï>H$moZ hmovm. H $îuduu` bmoh$m àvrmr H${Zð>VoMr ^mdzm, Ë`m Mr g ñh $Vr, Ë m À m AmdS>r-{ZdS>r, Ë m À m BÀN>m-AmH$m jm m~m~v CXmgrZVm hr Va AJXr J hrvm hmovr. OJmVrb H$mhr {d{eï> du, amï > qh$dm bmoh$g yh ho CnOVM BVam nojm loð> AmhoV, qhgm Am{U ~io~arzom amá`h$ma^ma Ho$bm OmD$ eh$vmo, ~bdmz ho Zoh rm Xþ~ù`m M emofu H$aVmV, g Õr àm w»`mzo BVam darb Hw$aKmoS>rVyZM {gõ hmovo- Agm EH$ Omo Ñ{ï>H$moZ gd Ì 58

59 ~imdbm Amho, Ë`mMr nmi wi Am{ «$H$m d `wamonmvrb g ~ Ym Ü`o- qh$~hþzm, œovduu` Am{U H $îuduu`m À`m g ~ Ym Ü`o éobobr AmhoV. AWm V eš` Agoc Voìhm œovduu` BVa œovduu`m M emofu H$aÊ`mVhr AmZ X mzm`mo. Am{U H $îuduu`gwõm BVa H $îuduu`m M emofu H$aÊ`mg AZoH$Xm V`ma Agm`Mo. OJ^amVrb Ag»` bmoh$, Amnë`m Am`wî`mMr {Xem R>adUmao amoh$mau Am{U AW H$maU m{df`r MH$ma eãxhr Z H$mT>Vm, ApñVËdmÀ`m gr maofoda Am`wî` H $R>V hmovo. Xÿa Hw$R>o Var gîmoà`m IwMuda ~gboë`m ZoË`mÀ`m bhar Am{U H«y$a ñd^mdmbm Vo ~ir ns>v AgV. OÝ V { imboë`m hbmirà`m n[apñwvrvyz ~mhoa ns>ê`mmr Hw$R>brhr eš`vm Ë m Zm {XgV Zgo. {ó`m Zm nwéfm nojm Xþæ` XOm gx d {Xbm OmV Ago. XOm Am{U {deofm{yh$mam ^modvr OmVr, Y, du Am{U dm {eh$vm m À m ^ $ q^vr C^maboë m AgV. AJXr mâ`m ñdv À`m XoemV- A o[aho$gma»`m bmoh$emhrdmxr XoemVhr Á`mMr C^maUrM "gd mzd g mz AmhoV' m {dmmamvyz Pmbr, {VWohr dum da AmYm[aV g mommr {d^mjur d ^ox^md {Zåå`m àm VmgmR>r H$m`Xoera Am{U Caboë`m àm VmgmR>r à mu mzcm OmV hmovm. OJmMr hr n[apñwvr e ^a dfmªnydumr. Ë`m H$mimV Am`wî` OJbobo H$mhr bmoh$ AmOhr Amnë`mV AmhoV. VoìhmnmgyZ Oo C oizr` gm m{oh$ n[adv Z KSy>Z Amb Amho, Vo Hw$Ur ZmH$mê$ eh$uma Zmhr. n{hë`m hm`wõmnojmhr KmVH$ Agboë`m Xþgè`m hm`wõm wio Am{U Ë`mMXaå`mZ Am{e`m, Am{ «$H$m, b {Q>Z A o[ah$m Am{U Ü`-nyd}Vrb Xoem Ü`o Á`m ñdmv Í`mÀ`m Midir gwê$ Pmë`m, Ë mvyz dgmhvdmxmmm AñV Pmbm. hþhy$ emhr amodq>rvrb ^`mdh Am`wî` Am{U {dgmì`m evh$mv dma dma hmoumar mzdr H$Îmb nmhÿz AZoH$ bmoh$ mzdvmdmxr Ñ{ï>H$moZ ñdrh$mê$ bmjbo. mzdvmdmxmmr hr gḧ$ënzm Ho$di amï >r`am ~oz ~oq>mdarc Ë m A YmaH$moR>S>rcm AÜ j Pmë mz Va ^oq> {Xcr Vmo ju. 59

60 ñd` {ZU `mdam Zìho Va bmoh$emhr, H$m`Xm, ZmJar h $ Am{U àë`oh$ ì`º$sà`m A V{Z {hv à{vð>oda AmYm[aV hmovr. ì`mnmar AW ì`dñwm Agboë`m Xoem Ü`ohr g KQ>ZmË H$ MiditMm CX` hmod$ bmjbm. Amamo½`, gwajm Am{U ì`mnmamg ~ YrMo {Z H$aÊ`mV Ambo, gmd O{ZH$ {ejummr ì`már dmty> bmjbr, g moh$ë`mumà m ì`dñwm Mr ~m YUr gwê$ Pmbr. m gdmª mjrb CÔoe- ^m S>dbemhrbm `m Xm KmbyZ H$mhr {ZdS>H$ bmoh$m ZmM Zìho, Va gdmªzm g mz gÿr { idyz XoUo hmm hmovm. m gd à`ëzm M $i åhuoo AW ì`dñwomm AVwbZr` {dh$mg Am{U Ü` djm Mr àjvr. mâ`m XoemVhr ZmJar bt>çmvyz AÝ`m`H$maH$ H$m`Úm Zm {Vbm Obr XoÊ`mV Ambr. {hbm d BVa Xþb {jv g mokq>h$m Zm AmdmO { imbm Am{U nyu ZmJ[aH$ËdmMm Amnbm h $ Vo { idy eh$bo. ñdmv Í`, Ý`m` Am{U g mzm{yh$mamà`m mm bt>çmgmr>r ZoëgZ S>obm m Zr Amnb g nyu Am`wî` domb. du ^ox g ndyz gx d Xþb {jv am{hboë`m AœoVdUu` bmoh$m Zm amoh$s`, gm m{oh$ Am{U Am{W H$ g mzvm { idyz XoÊ`mgmR>rÀ`m Ë`m À`m bt>çmmm àma ^ mm ^y rv Pmbm. na Vw Ë`mJ d A{dMb ZoV ËdmVyZ S>obm Am{U Ë`m Mr Midi A{YH$ ì`mnh$ {dmmam Mo àvrh$ ~Zbr. OJ^amVrb {ZamYma bmoh$m Mo gwym[av OrdZ mz Am{U Z {VH$ n[adv ZmÀ`m gmd {ÌH$ AmH$m jm m Zm Ë`m Zr yv ê$n {Xb. {S>~m Mr {dmma Am{U H$V ËdmMr àh$me{h$auo BVH$s VoOñdr hmovr H$s, gîmaà`m XeH$mÀ`m CÎmamYm V am ~oz ~oq>mdarb A Ymè`m H$moR>S>rÀ`m q^vr Amocm Sy>Z homamo bm darb EH$m hm{dúmb`rz VéUmbm Vr àoaum XoV hmovr. Ë`m wiom Am`wî`mVrb àmymý`m Mm nwz{d Mma H$ê$Z OJmV Ý`m` àñwm{nv H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Amnbr N>moQ>r ^y{ H$m gmh$maê`mgmr>r Vmo VéU åhuoo r à`ëzerb Pmbmo. ~{b ZMr q^v ns>ë`mz Va H$mhr {hý`m VM {S>~m Vwé JmVyZ ~mhoa Ambo. Voìhm VerM EH$ H«$m {VbmQ> OJmVrb Ag»` öx`m Zm Amnë`m H$doV KoV hmovr, Ag bm dmq>b. Vwåhmbm AmR>dVò H$m Vr ^mdzm? OUy {dh$mggozm gd Ì Hy$M H$aV hmovr; Ë`m Zm Hw$Urhr {dm{bv H$ê$ eh$uma ZìhV. Ë`m À`m àë`oh$ nmdbmgh Ag dmq>o H$s, OUy BVH$s df} mzdr Am`wî`mbm ~ {XñV H$aUmao qhgm, AÝ`m` Am{U ÛofmMo ^ì` S>mobmao AJXr S>moù`m XoIV O rzxmoñv hmov AmhoV! AWH$ n[al, dmq>mkmq>r Am{U g oq> KS>dV {S>~m Zr m Xoembm n{hë`m wº$ d Ý`mæ` {ZdS>UwH$s Mr dmq> { idyz {Xbr. nyd H$mimVrc eìy Zmhr Amnb g H$aUma Ë`m M Am Xm`, Amnb H$m` AmVm g nb ho OmUyZ amoh$s` nxm nmgyz Xÿa OmÊ`mMr Ë`m Mr àkm ~{KVbr. Ë`m Zr Ho$di nr{s>vm ZmM ^yvh$mimvrb ~os>çm YyZ wº$ Ho$b Zmhr, Va AÝ`m` H$aUmè`m Zmhr EH$ gwym[av OJ {Z m U H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m`m V gh^mjr hmoê`mmr gÿr {Xbr, hogwõm AmnU nm{hc. {dgmì`m evh$mvrb Joë`m XeH$m Ü`o ZoëgZ S>obm m Zr Á`m àj{verb, bmoh$emhrdmxr Ñï>rM à{v{z{yëd Ho$b Amho, Ë`mVyZM Am Vamamï >r` amoh$s` dmx- {ddmxmbm {Xem { imbr. Ë`m Mm Ñ{ï>H$moZ gx d {do`r R>abm Agohr Zmhr, nu H$mhr mnx S> mì Ë mzo Z $s R>adyZ {Xbo. "{dh$mg' m gḧ$ënzomm AW g OÊ`mg mj Xe Z Ho$bo Am{U OJmÀ`m nwt>rb dmq>mmbrgmr>r XV Pmbr. hmò, Varhr XþK Q>Zm KS>VM hmoë`m. ~mëh$z Vo H$m±Jmo gd Ì aº$a {OV ZmJar `wõo gwê$ hmovr. OmVr` Am{U gm àxm{`h$ dmxmvyz KS>Umar qhgm öx` {nidqy>z Q>mH$V hmovr. m nmœ ^y rda, OJ^amVrb AZoH$ à`ëzm YyZ em VVoM dmvmdau {Z m U hmoê`mg XV hmod$ bmjbr. Ë`m Ü`o em VVm{à` Am{U {dh${gv OnmZ amï >, ZmQ>mo g KQ>ZoÛmao I ~ranuo EH$Ì Ambobo `wamonmvrb Xoe, AmpÊdH$ eº$tzr ñdrh$macoco Za mb Mo YmoaU Am{U OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmamvrb MrZMm àdoe m ~m~tmm C oi AmdOy Z H$amdm bmjob. `wamonnmgyz Am{ «$Ho$n`ªV, b {Q>Z A o[ah$m, Am{e`m gd Ì hþhy$ emhrbm CVaVr H$im bmjcr Am{U bmoh$emhr ì dñwm AmH$ma KoD$ bmjë m. {dh$mggozomr AmJoHy$M `eñdrnuo gwê$ hmovr. g `wº$ amï >m À`m KmofUoV Z yx Ho$boco mzdr A{YH$ma 60

61 Am{U H$m`Xm-gwì`dñWoMr mj Xe H$ VÎdo ~hþvoh$ amï >m Zr ñdrh$mabr. {OWo mzdr A{YH$mam Mr nm` r hmov hmovr, Vo àm VgwÕm ~MmdmË H$ n{dìm KoD$ bmjbo. m ^yamoz {VH$ n[adv Zmgmo~VM ^a gmq> Am{W H$ ~Xb KSy>Z Ambo, Ë`m Mm n[aum hr XÿaJm r hmovm. ~momanor> Am{U mjur mda AmYm[aV Am{W H$ VÎdm À`m CX`mMm Ë`mV àm w»`mzo C oi H$amdm bmjob. Am Vaamï >r` ñvamda AmXmZ-àXmZ dmt>c Am{U AmYw{ZH$ V ÌkmZmMm àgma Pmcm. Ë m wio Iwë`m ì`mnmambm {damoy H$aUmè`m AW ì`dñwm - Ü ohr CÚmoOH$Vm dmt>rg bmjbr. Á`m Zm OmJ{VH$ AW ì`dñwovyz hônma H$aÊ`mV Amb hmov, Á`m M ApñVËd Zm mì hmov ; Ë`m Zmhr ~i { iy bmjb, Ë`m À`mgmR>rhr ì`mnmamà`m gÿr {Z m U hmod$ bmjë`m Am{U hiyhiy Ë`m Mr XmIb KoVbr OmD$ bmjbr. Ë`mZ Va d km{zh$ àjvrmr gwédmv Pmbr. AZoH$ yb^yv emoy bmjbo. nm`m^yv gw{dym nwa{duo eš` Pmbo. geó g Kf H$ r hmod$ bmjbm. H$moQ>çdYr OZVoMr AR>am{dœo Xm[aÚ«mVyZ wº$vm hmod$ eh$br. Cnmg marzo J«mgbobo Xoe AÞmÀ`m ~m~vrv ñd` nyu hmod$ bmjbo. ~mb Ë`wXa PnmQ>çmZo Kgê$ bmjbm. Xaå`mZ, B Q>aZoQ>À`m àgmam wio gmvmg wðmnma amhumè`m g ñh $Vr-àXoe EH$ oh$m Zm OmoS>co Jobo. A{Ve` XþJ IoS>çm Vrb bhmz wbm À`m hmvmvhr OJmVrb gd kmz nmomy eho$b, Aer eš`vm {Z m U Pmbr. ho gd $º$ Joë`m H$mhr XeH$m Vrb Amho Am{U hr àjvr AJXr IarIwar Amho. mzdr {dh$mgmmm B{Vhmg ~{KVbm, Va cjmv ob c AJXr nmnur { MH$dmdr BVŠ`m H$ r H$mbmdYrV hr àjvr Pmbr. Am{U AmVm {Xdg {Xdg A{YH$m{YH$ ñdv Ì, Amamo½`Xm`r, gyz, qhgmmma gmosy>z A{YH$ ghzerb ~Zy nmhumè`m OJmV EH$ g nyu VéU {nt>r mor>r hmov Amho. ho gd n[adv Z nmhvm, AmnU gdmªzr Z $sm AmemdmXr ahm`bm hd. AÝ`m`mÀ`m H $XoVyZ ~mhoa ns>ê`mgmr>r {S>~m À`m nmdbm da MmbV AmnU Ho$bobr àjvr ZmH$maVm `ouma Zmhr; na Vw Ë`m~amo~a Am Vaamï >r` nmvirdarb AZoH$ AmœmgZo nyu hmoê`mg Amnbo à`ëz Anwao ns>bo, Ë`m Mrhr XIb Amnë`mbm `mdr bmjob. "cm $ 'À m H$m m c mv VéU S>ocm du Ûofr àemgh$m Zm H$Yrhr Z { iy eh$bobm Z {VH$ A{YH$ma {S>~m Zm àmá Pmbm, H$maU mzdr yë`m Mr Ë`m Zm CÎm OmU hmovr. H $îuduu`m À`m gm{hë`mmm Ë`m Mm Aä`mghr Xm S>Jm hmovm. "dum da AmYm[aV amoh$s` {d^mjur AË` V H ${Ì Amho. Vr Zï> Pmbr, Va EH$m dum Mr Xþgè`m dum darb Hw$aKmoS>rhr g nwï>mv `ob b.' ZoëgZ S>obm M ho 1964 Yrb {dymz Amho, Ë`mdoir r $º$ VrZ dfmªmm hmovmo. Ia Va Aem Am Vaamï >r` YmoaUm Vrb {damoym^mg d Ý`yZVm Xÿa H$aÊ`mV gîmmymar dj Am{U g momv {deof XOm AgUmè`m e{º$embr bmoh$m Zm An`e Amë`m wio, OJmV nwýhm nydugmair n[apñwvr {Z m U hmoê`mmr ^rvr g ^dvo Amho, Vgo Pmco Va nydunojmhr Vr A{YH$ KmVH$ d H«y$a Agy eho$b. nwñvh$mv AZoH$ bm ~bmh$ H$m`Xo AgVrb, g {dymzmv {H$Vr Var {dñ `H$maH$ KmofUm AgVrb, 61

62 Am Vaamï >r` n[afxm VyZ qh$dm g `wº$ amï >g KmV Joë`m AZoH$ XeH$mV ^a gmq> JmoS>-JmoS> ^mfuo Pmbr AgVrb; na Vw Amnë`mbm ho mý` H$amd bmjob H$s- {d{eï> bmoh$m Zm { imbobo {deofm{yh$ma, Ë m Zr Ho$cocm eº$smm Xþén`moJ, Am{U AÝ`m` d emofu H$YrM g yi Zï> Pmbo ZìhVo. AmOhr ^mavr` CnI S>mV Ho$di OmVrÀ`m AmYmao gm mý`m Zm g mz gÿr ZmH$mabr OmVo. Ü` `wamonmnmgyz AmImVr Xoem n`ªv d e Am{U Y m À`m AmYmao ^ox^md Ho$bm OmVmo. A o[aho$v Am{U X{jU Am{ «$Ho$V AmOhr du Ûof ApñVËdmV Amho. ho gë` Hw$Urhr ZmH$mê$ eh$v Zmhr. Aem g ñwmë H$ XS>nemhrMo Xþîn[aUm dfm Zwdf} gmmv Jobo Am{U Ë`mVyZ Am{W H$, e j{uh$, Amamo½` d gwajogẍ^m V MrS> AmUUmar {df VoMr Xar {Z m U Pmbr. OJ^amVrb {hbm d wbtmo A{YH$ma Am{U eº$smr nxo { i{dê`mmm Ë m Mm mj amoibm OmVmo Amho. Ë`m Zm yb^yv {ejummr gÿrhr ZmH$mabr OmVo. Ë`m À`mda hmoumè`m qhgm Am{U AÝ`m`mM à mu aº$ {WOdUma Amho. nwéfm BVH $M H$m H$ê$Zhr {hbm Zm H$ r mo~xbm {Xbm OmUo, ho AmOhr KS>V Amho. OmJ{VH$ AW ì`dñwomr ^ì`vm, ehamm ê$n nmbq>dumè`m JJZMw ~r B mavr mh$s>o H$mhr ju Xþb j H$ê$Z ZrQ> ~{KVb Va H$iV H$s- Amnbm eooma, Amnb eha, àm V, Xoe Ago gd Ì AWm O ZmMr {H$ mz gÿrhr ZmH$mabr OmVo Amho. dojù`m eãxm V gm Jm`M Va- yr>^a bmoh$m gmr>r n[apñwvr $ma gwymabr Amho, Va AZoH$m da gd H$mhr O go Wo åhuê`mmr doi Ambr Amho. OmJ{VH$sH$aU Am{U V ÌkmZmÀ`m àjvrzo {dh$mgmmr Zdr XmbZo Iwbr Ho$br Agbr Var, AZoH$ Xoem Vrb H $fr Am{U CËnmXZjoÌm Zm CbWdyZ Q>mH$b Amho. H$m Jmam Mr mjur H$ r Pmbr Am{U H$m Jma g KQ>Zm H$ Hw$dV Ho$ë`m Joë`m. H$aMwH$do{Jar Am{U Am{W H$ {Z` gho YwS>H$mdÊ`mMr àd Îmr dmty> bmjbr. H$m åß`wq>am EH$ ~Q>U Xm~yZ AãOmdYr S>m bg OJmÀ`m EH$m Q>moH$mdê$Z Xþgè`m Q>moH$mda nmr>dbo OmD$ bmjbo. m gd àh$mam wio Am{W H$ Ag mzvomm {dñ $moq> Pmbm. OJ^amVrb {Zåå`m Jar~ OZVoMr { iyz OodT>r g nîmr Agob, Ë`mnojm {H$Vr Var OmñV g nîmr S>PZ^a bmoh$m H$S>o Amho. hr A{Ve`moº$s Zmhr, J ^ra {dmma H$aÊ`mg àd Îm H$aUma Ádb V gë` Amho. Ü` CËnÞ JQ>mVrb Am{U {dh$gzerb Aem AZoH$ amï >m Ü`o, Am{W H$ Ag mzvobm IVnmUr KmbUmè`m OwÝ`m YmoaUm YyZM Zì m g nîmrmr gmyz {Z m U Pmbr. $ah$ EdT>mM hmovm H$s, AmVm ^«ï>mmmamgmr>r ^ì` nmvirda gÿr CnbãY Pmbr hmovr. A o[aho$gma»`m àjv AW ì`dñwm Agcoë m XoemVhr m n[apñwvr wio, ^ $ g Oë`m OmUmè`m Ü` djm da Am{W H$ Agwa{jVVoM gḧ$q> {Z m U Pmb. {JaUr H$m Jma, eovh$ar m Mr n[apñwvr Va A{YH$M {~H$Q> Pmbr. OdiOdi àë`oh$ XoemV CƒnXñW, J^ lr V ì`º$s Zr XoemÀ`m amoh$s` dvw imv Am{U àgma mü` m Ü`o AdmOdr à^md àñwm{nv Ho$bm. XoemV H$moUVr YmoaUo am~dbr OmVmV, Hw$UmMo {hvg ~ Y Omonmgbo OmVmV, mda Ë`m Zr {Z` ÌU { idb. BWo EH$ ~m~ Z yx H$amdr bmjob H$s, hm Am Vaamï >r` nmvirdarb VWmH${WV Cƒ^«y ì`mdgm{`h$m Mm dj JVH$mimVrb ImZXmZr djm nojm H$mhr hîdmà`m ~m~t Ü`o dojim Amho. Ë`m À`mVrb AZoH$ bmoh$ ñdh$v ËdmZo, Va H$mhr Amnë`m ~w{õh$m eë`mà m AmYmao {VWda nmombo. Ë`mVrb ~hþvm e cmoh$ œovduu` Am{U nwéf Agbo Var Vo dojdojù`m d em Mo Am{U Xoem Mo AmhoV. Aer {d{dyvm e ^a dfmªnydu wirm eš` ZìhVr. Ë`mVrb ~aom OU ñdv bm amoh$s` ÑîQ>çm CXma VdmXr Am{U AmYw{ZH$Vm d d {œh$ ~ Yw^md OmonmgUmao mzvmv. gḧw${mvnum, amï >dmx, du {df`h$ CKS> Agbobm nyd J«h qh$dm H$Å>a Y {df`h$ ^mdzm mvrb H$emM hr XS>nU Z KoVm Vo AJXr ghonuo Ý`ỳ m H $, b S>Z, em Km` qh$dm OmohmÝg~J Ü`o Amam mv amhÿ eh$vmv. AZoH$ OU bmoh$h$ë`mumà`m H$m`m V A{Ve` VËna Am{U n[aum H$maH$ AmhoV. {H$Ë`oH$ OU Va ZoëgZ S>obm Zm Amnbo àoaumñwmz mzvmv. H$mhr OU ~amh$ Amo~m m Zm A o[aho$à`m amï >mü`jnxmmo XmdoXma mzvmv. Va H$mhr bm Ë`m À`m g KmMo mzx gxñ` mzvmv, 62

63 Ë`mMr {Z ÌU hr bm `ovmv. Varhr gë` ho Amho H$s, CÚmoJjoÌmVrb Aem à^mdembr Agm tmo Hw$R>ë`mhr àm Vmer, amá`-xoemer ~ Y Owibobo ZgVmV. ñdv À`m XoemVrb gd gm mý` OZVoÀ`m g Kfm nmgyz Vo nyu nuo A{bá AgVmV. Ë`m Mo gd {ZU `- CXmhaUmW EImXr {JaUr ~ X H$aUo, ^a gmq> n go XoD$Z EImÚm boimnmbmà m qh$dm d{h$bmà`m gmømzo A{YH$m{YH$ H$a dmmdê`mmm AÅ>hmg H$aUo, H$dS>r mob mo~xbm XoD$Z {dñwm{nvm Zm am~dyz KoUo, bmm XoUo, ho gd H$aVmZm Hw$R>brhr Ûof^mdZm ZgVo. H $nzrmr ~ býgerq>, eoaahmoës>a gxñ`m À`m Anojm Am{U ~momanor>ovrb ñnym Aem AZoH$ AmìhmZm Mr XIb KoV {Xbobm Vmo VH $g JV à{vgmxm AgVmo. na Vw AZoH$Xm ho {ZU ` KoVmZm Ë`mbm mzdr gx²^mdzm Am{U EH$VoMm gẍ^ M ZgVmo. Ë`m {ZU `mmm EImÚm g momvrb eodq>à`m ì`º$sda H$m` n[aum hmob b, mmr Ë`m Zm OmUhr ZgVo. Amam Xm`r ~mos> ê$ Ü`o ~gyz H$mJXmda ghr H$aUmè`m CƒnXñW A{YH$mè`m Zm, ZmoH$ar Joboë`m VéUmÀ`m Mohè`mdarb ^md {Q>nÊ`mMr gÿrm { iv Zmhr. H$a~wS>ì`m À`m àvmnm wio amï >r` H$agḦ$bZmM CËnÞ KQ>V Am{U Ë`mda Cnm` åhuyz gah$ma Ooìhm gmd O{ZH$ {eju Am{U Amamo½`gododarb ZmJ[aH$m Zm {Xë`m OmUmè`m XVrV KQ> H$aVo, Voìhm Ë`mMr Hw$R>brhr Pi m hm^mjm À`m wbm Zm gmogmdr bmjv Zmhr. Zì`mZo H$m mda bmjbobm ({Zdm {gv) H$m Jma Ooìhm Amnbr ^mfm g Oy eh$v Zmhr, Voìhm hmoumam OwÝ`m ì`mnmè`m Mm g Vmn ho bmoh$ g Oy eh$v ZmhrV. OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m MH«$mV Ooìhm dv mz Am{W H$ gämzogmo~vm nma n[ah$ gm m{oh$ Am{U Ym{ H$ MmbrarVr ^asy>z {ZKVmV, Voìhm m Zm Hw$R>crhr AñdñWVm qh$dm {dñwmnzmbm gm moao Omdo bmjv Zmhr. {dgmì`m evh$mà`m AIoarg H$mhr nm{ü më` {dícofh$ B{VhmgmMm A V Pmcm Amho Ago g OyZ, CXma VdmXr bmoh$emhr VÎdo Am{U OmJ{VH$ gmyznwadr>m ` ÌUoM ZoÌXrnH$ `e gmoao H$aÊ`mV Jw Vbo hmovo; na Vw Ë`mImbr IXIXUmè`m {damoymmr bmq> Voìhm Hw$Umbmhr {Xgbr Zmhr. hrm bmq> Z Va AZoH$ ê$nm V C $miyz Ambr. Ë`mMm n{hbm gdmªv ^rfu CÐoH$ åhuoo A o[aho$da 11 gßq> ~a 2011 amoor Pmbobm XheVdmXr h m Am{U Ë`mVyZ dmt>rg bmjbob A{VaoH$s g KQ>Zm M Omi. m A{VaoŠ`m À`m {dh $V {dmmaymao wio EH$m hmz Y m H$S>o ~KÊ`mMm OJmMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~Xbbm. Ë`mVyZM nm{ü më` Xoe d Bñbm VgoM Bñbm Am{U AmYw{ZH$ {dmmagaur Agm Q>moH$mMm g Kf {Z m U Pmbm. dos>onumà`m gëë`mvyz A o[aho$zo BamH$da Ho$boë`m AmH«$ Um wio m gm àxm{`h$ g Kfm bm A{YH$M Ádb V ~Zdb. gmo{ìhev g KmÀ`m nms>mdm wio a{e`mmm OmJ{VH$ nmvirdarb à^md H$ r Pmbm hmovm. VgoM eoomaà`m H$mhr Xoem Ü`o bmoh$emhr Midir à~i hmod$ bmjë`m hmoë`m. Ë`m wio H$mhrem gḧw${mv ^rvrvyz a{e`mzo nwýhm Amnbr {Za Hw$e gîmm ñwmnz H$aÊ`mMo à`ëz gwê$ Ho$bo. Am{U eoomar Xoem À`m H$ma^mamV T>dimT>di gwê$ Ho$br. Am{W H$ àjvr wio Zd ~i { imboë`m MrZZohr Amnbm àdoe Zm Xdbm. gvv hmoumè`m mzdr A{YH$mamÀ`m C KZm{damoYmV Q>rH$m hmod$ bmjvmm, Ë`m Zr Ë`m^modVr EH$ H$mQ>oar Hw $nu C^mab. gmd ^m { H$ yë`o åhuoo Xþga -{Vga H$mhr ZgyZ Ho$di nah$s` hñvjonmm Zd gmyz Amho Am{U m yë`m Mo gm J KoD$Z gm «má`dmx nwýhm {eah$md H$ê$ nmhvmo Amho, Aer ½dmhr XoÊ`mg Ë`m Zr gwédmv Ho$br. A o[ah$m Am{U `wamonmv OmJ{VH$sH$aUmbm àw S>mì`m {dmmagaurh$sy>z AmìhmZ {Z m U Pmb, na Vw Ë`mhÿZhr A{YH$ e{º$embr AmìhmZ ho COì`m {dmmagurà`m g KQ>Zm Zr gwê$ Ho$boë`m AZoH$ bmoh${à` MiditVyZ {Z m U Pmb. Aem MiditZm Am{W H$ ~i XoÊ`mgmR>r gdmªv nwt>o AgVmV Vo XmofrÑï>rMo AãOmYre ì`mdgm{`h$. Amnë`m ì`mnmamdarb gah$mar {Z~ªY H$ r H$ê$Z A{YH$m{YH$ Z $m H$ {duo, hmm Ë`m Mm w»` CÔoe AgVmo. ehar PJ JmQ>mnmgyZ Xÿa amhumè`m bmoh$m À`m AñdñWVobm m MidirVyZ Zdm Moham { imbm. hmvmvyz {ZgQ>Umar Am{W H$ gwa{jvvm, H$ Hw$dV hmoumam gm m{oh$ XOm d {deofm{yh$ma, ~mhoê$z Amboë`m dojù`m dum À m dm ^mfoà`m, dojù`m Y m À`m bmoh$m wio Ë`m À`m gm ñh ${VH$ Apñ Vobm {Z m U Pmbobm YmoH$m hr Ë`m À`m 63

64 AñdñWVoMr w»` H$maU hmovr. na Vw Ia gḧ$q> {Z m U Pmb Vo 2008 Yrb {düd gh$ Am{W H$ Xr wio. H$mhr AW ì`dñwm Vrb H$mhr {dûmzm À`m ~oo~m~xma YmoaUm wio gd gm mý`m Zm nwt>mr AZoH$ df} Am{W H$ gḧ$q>m Zm Vm S> Úmd bmjb. w»` åhuoo OmJ{VH$sH$aUmdarb gm mý`m À`m {dœmgmbm VS>m Jobm. Am{W H$ YmoaU gm ^miumao cmoh$ Amnbr O~m~Xmar nwaonya OmUVmV, m g nyu H$ma^mamMr XoIaoI gwairv Mmby Amho, OmJ{VH$ AW ì`dñwomo EH$ÌrH$aU ^ogi wº$ Amho; hm g O nyu V mosy>z ns>bm. gah$ma Am{U àemgzmzo KoVboë`m H$mhr H$R>moa {ZU `m wio OmJ{VH$ AW ì`dñwm hiyhiy nyd pñwvrv `od$ bmjbr Amho. na Vw Am Vaamï >r` ì`dñwm Am{U dm qe½q>z-~«wgoëg Yrb V ÌkmZmdarb {dœmgmbm nyu V VS>m Jobm Amho. Ë`mVyZM ^rvr Am{U ZmamOrda AmYm[aV amoh$maumbm gwédmv Pmbr. Ë`mMo ns>gmx YmoaUm YyZ {Xgy bmjbo. m amoh$maummm Á`m dojmzo àgma hmov Amho, Ë`mMr H$ënZmhr H$aUo H$mhr dfmªnydu eš` ZìhVo. r Ho$di YmoŠ`mMr K Q>m dmodv Zmhr`o, Va gë` m S>Vmo Amho. Amnë`m g^modvr ZrQ> ~Km. AMmZH$ amoh$maumv ~immm à^md dmty> bmjbm. {ZdS>UwH$m Am{U bmoh$emhrm gm J ZmdmnwaV KoVb OmV, na Vw gîmov Agbobo amoh$maurm bmoh$emhrbm AW { idyz XoUmè`m g ñwm Zm H$ Hw$dV ~ZdÊ`mgmR>r à`ëzerb AmhoV. nm{ü më` Xoem Ü`o COì`m {dmmagaurmo amoh$s` nj ñwm{zh$m À`m h $m À`m gwa{jvvom YmoaU m S>VmV. Ë`mgmR>r XoemÀ`m gr maofm BVam gmr>r ~ X R>odÊ`mda Ë`m Mm ^a AgVmo. Ë`m mjo Z bnumam dum {Yð>V gḧw${mv amï >dmxhr AgVmoM. AZoH$ {dh$gzerb amï >m Zm bmoh$emhrà`m gmdù`m Jm YimEodOr MrZ Yrb ì`mnmamda AmYm[aV ^m S>dcr hþhy$ emhr A{YH$ AmH$f H$ dmqy> bmjbr Amho. Am{U AW ì`dñwm ZrQ> MmbV Agob, Va A{^ì`{º$ñdmV Í` Hw$Umbm hd `? mü` m À`m ñdmv Í`mda XaamoO h o MT>dbo OmV AmhoV. d Îm{Z~ªY Am{U mü` g ñwm darb amoh$s` {Z` ÌU dmt>v Amho. EHo$ H$mir gmoeb r{s>`m ho kmz, nañna{dmmam M AmH$bZ Am{U gx²^mdzm éodê`mmo gmyz g Obo OmV hmovo; na Vw AmO Ë`mM gmoeb r{s>`mmm dmna gvv AÝ`m` hmov Agë`mMr ImoQ>r ^mdzm, Hw$àd ÎmtMm àmma Am{U H$Q>-H$mañWmZmÀ`m ImoQ>çm dmvm ngadê`mgmr>r hmov Amho. {S>~m À`m e ^amì`m OÝ {XZr AmnU Aem EH$m Mm añë`mda C^o AmhmoV. m jur mzdmà`m ^{dî`mvrb dmq>mmbrgẍ^m Vrb XmoZ nyu V dojù`m {dmmaymam OJ^amVrb bmoh$m Mr Z qoh$ê`mgmr>r g moamg moa Cä`m R>mH$ë`m AmhoV. AmnU H$moU AmhmoV Am{U ^{dî`mv H$moU ~Zmd, mg ~ YrMr dojdojir {ZdoXZ m XmoÝhr {dmmaymam H$aV AmhoV. AmnU Hw$Umbm gmx Úm`Mr? {S>~m Vwé JmVyZ ~mhoa ns>vmzm, ~{b ZMr q^v H$mogiVmZm AmnU Or AmeoMr bmq> AZw^dbr hmovr, VrM nwýhm ñdrh$mam`mr; H$s Amnë`m ^m~s>onummm J a $m`xm KoD$Z, {Xem^yb H$ê$Z Amnë`m ZmV {Z m U Ho$bobr ImoQ>r ñdßz ñdrh$mam`mr? Joë`m 25 dfmª Yrb OmJ{VH$ EH$sH$aUm{df`r Amnbr g OyV H$m` Amho? hm g nyu àh$ma åhuoo B{VhmgmÀ`m MH«$mMm Z Q>miVm `ouma digm hmovm H$m? {OWo ~bdmz åhuob VrM nyd {Xem R>aVo, amoh$mau åhuoo Ho$di OmVr-O mvr Am{U Y mª Yrb Kwg Qy>Z Q>mH$Umam g Kf ~ZVmo; {VWo Ë`mM g Kfm M H$mbm VamZo gḧmah$ `wõmv ê$nm Va hmov, hom MH«$ ^{dî`mvhr Ano{jV Amho H$m? m ~m~vrv mpo {dmma m S>Ê`mMm à`ëz H$aVmo. mpm {dœmg ZoëgZ S>obm À`m {dmmaymaov Amho. Jm Yr, m{q >Z ë`ywa qh$j Am{U A~«mh qbh$z m À`m XÿaÑï>rV Amho. gd ZmJ[aH$ g mz AmhoV Am{U m g ï>rà`m {Z m Ë`mZo àë`oh$mbm Hw$Urhr {hamdyz KoD$ eh$uma Zmhr Ago H$mhr A{YH$ma {Xbo AmhoV; m {dymzmda AmYm[aV g Vm, Ý`m`, ñdmv Í` Am{U ~hþdum {Y{ð>V bmoh$emhr hm mpm Ñ{ï>H$moZ Amho. bm nyu ImÌr Amho H$s, Aem yë`m da AmYm[aV g mommr {Z{ Vr hmod$ eh$vo. Am{U Ë`mÛmao em VVm d ghh$mamà`m ^mdzozo gd gm mý`m M Am`wî` A{YH$ gwih$a H$aVm `ob b, Agm mpm R>m {dœmg Amho. m {dmmam À m AmYmao mj H«$ U H$aUo Amnë`mgmR>r 64

65 An[ahm` Amho. Amnë`mgma»`m bmoh$emhr Am{U mzdm{yh$mam Ü`o {dœmg Agboë`m gdmªh$s>o Z $sm A{YH$ nq>umar d Mm[aH$ m S>Ur Amho. hr Ho$di ^md{zh$ m S>Ur Zmhr, Va r ^ $ nwamì`mà`m AmYmao ~mobv Amho. EH$ gë` hogwõm Amho H$s, OJmVrb gdm {YH$ gyz Am{U {dh${gv g mo ({OWo bmoh$m Mm amhur mzmmm XOm gdm}îm Amho Am{U OrdZm mzm{df`r g mymzmmm {ZX}em H$hr gdm {YH$ Amho, VmoM g mo) CXma VdmXr Am{U nwamojm r {dmma OmonmgVmo, Ë m~amo~am gdmªmr à{v^m d `mojxmz gm mdyz KoVmo. hþhy$ emhr amodq>rv ^«ï>mmmambm IVnmUr { ivo, ho dma dma {gõ Pmb Amho. Ë`mMr H$maUohr VerM AmhoV. hþhy$ emhr gîmm Hw$R>ë`mhr {ZU `mgmr>r CÎmaXm{`Ëd ñdrh$mav Zmhr. XS>nemhrVyZ hmoumar OZVoÀ`m h $m Mr nm` r Am{U H$ma^mamVrb ImoQ>maS>onUm mvyz hiyhiy amoh$s`, gm ñh ${VH$ d d km{zh$ àjvr Iw Q>Vo. VwåhrgwÕm ho gë` VnmgyZ ~Km. BVa ì`º$s Ü o {XgUmao ñdv Mo à{vq~~, gdmªà`m gm mb H$ AmH$m jm Am{U ñdßzm Mr OmUrd hm {dmmahr àë`oh$ Y m V AmT>iVmo. m {eh$duwh$sbm OmVr, Y, qbj d b {JH$Voda AmYm[aV ^ox^md mý` Zmhr. ho gë` AmnU gdmªzr A JrH$mab, Va Ë`mMm mzd{hvmgmr>rmm hmoumam $m`xm àë`j AZw^dm`bm { iob. Varhr ZmV e H$m Agob, Va ZwH$VmM w$q>~m b {dœmfh$ qoh$umè`m «$mýgà`m IoimSy >Zm {dmmam. Ë`m À`mVrb àë`oh$ OU Jm b àm VmVrb œovduu` ì`º$sgmaim {XgV Zmhr. AZoH$ H $îuduu` IoimSy> Ë`m g KmV AmhoV. hîdmm åhuoo Varhr Vo gd OU «$M AmhoV, EH$gŸ AmhoV. 65

66 Oo Xoe g momvrb w»` g KQ>H$ VÎdo åhuyz {ddoh$hrz amï >dmx, nah$s` àm Vm ~ÔbMm {VañH$ma, nwamu VdmXr {eh$du, dm {eh$ Am{U Ym{ H$ loð>vm BË`mXr KQ>H$m da AmYm[aV amhvmv; Vo Xoe A VJ V `mxdr qh$dm naàm Vm gmo~và`m `wõmv Amnb gd ñd J dyz ~gvmv. CXmhaUmgmR>r B{VhmgmMr nwñvh $ MmMnSy>Z ~Km. AmVm hm V ÌkmZê$nr OrZ nwýhm ~mq>brv H $X H$aUo eš` Zmhr. Ë`m wio m OmJ{VH$ EH$ÌrH$aUmÀ`m àdmhmv AmnU gd $ma Odi AmhmoV Am{U bmoh$ EH$m àm VmVyZ Xþgè`m àm VmV ñwbm V[aV hmouo An[ahm` Amho. n`m daumg ~ YrÀ`m g ñ`mgwõm AmnmoAmn gwq>uma ZmhrV, ho gë` ñdrh$maê`m{edm` n`m ` Zmhr. Ë`m wio Aem gd g ñ`m da Cnm` emoyê`mgmr>r A{YH$m{YH$ Am Vaamï >r` ghh$m { iob Aer Zdr ì`dñwm {Z m U H$aUo, hm EH$M mj AmVm CnbãY Amho. Amnë`mH$S>o m S>m`bm VwbZoZo ~ar ~moy Amho; na Vw ^{dî`m~m~vmr Amnbr Ñï>r VwbZoZo Mm Jbr Amho, mmm AW `e AQ>i Amho Agm hmov Zmhr. ^` {H$Vr e{º$embr Agy eh$vo, ho B{VhmgmVyZ {eh$m`bm { iv. bmo^ Am{U BVam da dm ñd { idê`mmr Vrd«BÀN>m mzdr Zmda- {deofv nwéfm da- H$er {MaH$mb {Q>H$Umar nh$s> { i{dvo, mmo AZoH$ XmIbo B{VhmgmV { ivmv. Amnë`mnojm {Xgm`bm dojio AgUmè`m qh$dm dojir Ym{ H$ AmñWm ~mijumè`m bmoh$m À`m {damoymv OZVoÀ m ZmV Ûof {Z m U H$aU {H$Vr ghogmon AgV, ho B{VhmgmV ~Km`bm { iv. Ë`m wio {S>~m Zr XmI{dbobr dmq> Amnë`mbm Ia M nmxmh«$m V H$am`Mr Agob; Va A{YH$ H$R>moa à`ëz H$amdo bmjvrb, A{YH$ MmUmj ~Zmd bmjob. JVH$mimVrb MwH$m YyZ {ehy$z A{YH$ hþema ~Zmd bmjob. Ë`m wio Caboë`m doimv r {S>~m Mo H$m`, {dmma Am{U Am`wî`mVrb YS>çm Zr ào[av nwt>rb dmq>mmbrgmr>r H$mhr mj Xe H$ wôo gwmdy BpÀN>Vmo. ì`{º$ñdmv Í` d bmoh$emhrda {dœmg AgUmè`m Amnë`m gdmªzm {df Vm H$ r H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am{U gdmªzm g mz Am{W H$ gÿr { idyz XoÊ`mgmR>r A{YH$ H$S>dr Pw O Úmdr bmjob, ho {S>~m Zr Amnë`mbm XmIdyZ {Xb Amho. Am{W H$ dmq>mmcrmm nr>s>r~õ AmH $Vr~ Y AgVmo mda mpm {dœmg Zmhr. OJÊ`mgmR>r mzdmbm $º$ AÞM bmjv, Ag Zmhr. Am{W H$ {df Vo~m~V ghzerbvm XmIdUmè`m g momv g VmnmMr ^mdzm ngê$ bmjvo, ghh$ma^mdzm H$ Hw$dV hmovo Am{U Ë`m g mommm {dh$mg A{Ve` Yrå`m JVrZo hmovmo. CXa{Zdm hmmr {H$ mz JaO ^mjbr H$s, bmoh$ Amnë`m OrdZ mzmmr VwbZm eoomè`m er H$ê$ bmjvmv Am{U Amnë`m {nt>rbm CÎm Am`wî` { iy eho$b H$m, mgmr>r {dmmaerb ~ZVmV. Ooìhm Am{W H$ ~i mooš`m bmoh$m À`m hmvr H ${ÐV hmov, Voìhm Ë`mVyZ amoh$s` à^mdmmr CËnÎmr hr AJXr gmh{oh$ AgVo. Ë`mVyZM bmoh$emhr H$ Hw$dV hmod$ bmjvo. H$mhr àg Jr WoQ> ^«ï>mmma Agob, Va AZoH$ doim Ho$di H$mhr à^mdembr bmoh$m Mo {hvg ~ Y OmonmgÊ`mgmR>r yb^yv mzdr ñdmv Í`mMr amiam Jmoir Ho$br OmV Agoc. {S>~m Zr ho nwav OmUb hmov Am{U Ë`m{df`r Amnë`mbm gy{mvhr Ho$b hmov. {S>~m åhumbo hmovo, ""{OWo OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMm AW J^ lr V Am{U e{º$embr g mokq>h$m À`m hmvr ns>bob, Jar~ d hv~b djm da AÝ`m` H$ê$Z ñdv bm A{YH$ à^mdembr ~ZdÊ`mM eó Agm mzbm OmVmo; {VWo gmd ^m { H$ ñdmv Í`mgmR>r bt>m C^maÊ`mMr Amnbr O~m~Xmar A{Ve` hîdmmr AgVo.'' åhuoo gmd ^m { H$ ñdmv Í` Am{U gm m{oh$ Ý`m`m{df`r AmnU J ^ra Agy, Va Ë`m~m~VrV nmdb CMbÊ`mMr Z {VH$ O~m~Xmar Amnë`mda Amho. nu {S>~m À`m dº$ì`mmm nyu AmXa R>odyZ, Ë mv qh${mv gwymaum H$aV r gwmdy BpÀN>Vmo H$s- Ho$di {damoy H$aUo nwaogo hmouma Zmhr; Amnë`mbm Zdr gämzm C^mamdr bmjob, ZdàdV Z KS>dyZ AmUmdo bmjob, g nîmr Am{U g mz gÿrmr Amnë`m XoemVrb d naamï >mvrb Imob Xar ^ê$z H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r Cnm` emoymdo bmjvrb. Ë`m{df`rM YmoaU àë`oh$ XoemgmR>r doji Agob. bm nyu H$ënZm Amho H$s, Ë`mgmR>r Amnbr H $~a H$gbr Amho. Joë`m gîma dfmªv AmnU hogwõm {eh$bmò H$s- A{Z` {ÌV, AZ {VH$ ^m S>dbdmXmMm Ë`mV g mdoe 66

67 H$aVm `ouma Zmhr; Ë`mMà muo OwÝ`m nõvrà m CƒnXñWm À`m AmkoÛmao {Z` ÌU { idumè`m g modmxmbmhr ñwmz XoVm `ouma Zmhr. H$maU Vgo à`ëz H$ê$Z PmboV Am{U Ë`mVyZ $ma H$mhr hmvr bmjb Zmhr. ~hþvoh$ gd M Xoem Ü o {dh$mgmgmr>r gd g mdoeh$ ì`mnmamda AmYm[aV ì`dñwm ñdrh$mamdr bmjob. m ì`dñwovrb H$mhr Ano{jV JwUY (àë`oh$ bhmz wbmbm {eju { iob, àë`oh$ H$m JmamÀ`m h $m M aju Ho$b OmB b, EH$m{YH$ma Zï> H$ê$Z bhmz d Ü` AmH$mamÀ`m ì`dgm`m Ü`o ñny}bm dmd {Xbm OmB c, ^«ï>mmma g yi Zï> H$aUmao H$m`Xo AgVrb, àj{verb H$aàUmbr Agob) Á`mZwgma gyz cmoh$ Amnbr g nîmr A{YH$ dmt>dy eh$vrb, na Vw Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`mMm H$mhr dmq>m Vo g mo~m YUrgmR>r XoVrb, Ë`mVyZ Amamo½`, {eju Aem nm m^yv gw{dym gdmªn`ªv nmomdvm `ovrb, {dkmz Am{U nm`m^yv gw{dym Ü`o Jw VdUyH$ H$ê$Z ^{dî`mvrb Zd{Z{ VrgmR>r nmofh$ dmq>m {Z m U Ho$ë m OmVrc. BWo EH$ ~m~ cm Z yx H$am`bmM hdr H$s, Am`wî`mV r {H$Vr g nîmr O dbr mm bm Amü` dmq>v, Varhr m à^mdembr bmoh$m À`m VwbZoV mpr g nîmr Ë`m À`m EH$-Xem e qh$dm EH$-eVm egwõm Zmhr. Vwåhr ^yh$ bmjë`mda {H$Vr ImD$ eh$vm mbm `m Xm Amho. Ka {H$Vrhr mor> Agmd Ag dmq>b, Var Ë`m Zm q^vtmr `m Xm Amho. bm EdT> M åhum`m ` Amho Am{U Vo nwaog Amho. EH$ gmym gḧ$ën AmnU Ho$cm nm{hoo, Ë`mgmR>r Xm[aÚ«mMr enw `mdr bmjuma Zmhr. Va g H$ën Agm- JaOybm XVrgmR>r, Cnmer ~mbh$mbm AÞ XoÊ`mgmR>r, Ë mà m emiomr $s ^aê`mgmr>r Ho$di àm m{uh$nuo WmoS>m A{YH$ H$a ^am Mm. VodT> AmnU Z $sm H$ê$ eh$vmo; Zmhr H$m? Ë`mgmR>r $ma H$mhr bmjv Zmhr. r ñdv gmr>r A{YH$m{YH$ H$g d H$m` { idy eh$vmo, hm {dmma H$aÊ`mEodOr; mâ`mh$s>o nwaog Amho, AmVm r BVam Zm XV H$er H$ê$ eh$vmo, Ë`m Zm A{YH$m{YH$ H$g XoD$ eh$vmo, Aer AmH$m jm {Z m U ìhm`bm hdr. BVam À`m XVrg nmì hmoê`mnojm mor> d ^d Vo H$moUV Agob? mgmr>r Am VaXoer Am{U Am Vaamï >r` Aem XmoÝhr nmvitdarb gd g mdoeh$ ^m S>dbdmXmcm àmoëgmhz Úmdo cmjoc. emœv {dh$mg KS>dyZ AmUm`Mm Agob, Va Ho$di Y m Xm nõvrmr XV hr mz{gh$vm gmosy>z Úmdr bmjob. OJmVrb Xþb {jv àxoem Ü`o Jw VdUyH$ Am{U CÚmoOH$VoÀ`m mü` mvyz {dh$mgmmo Zdo òmov {Z m U H$amdo bmjvrb. à{v^m gd Ì Amho, {Vbm gÿrmr OmoS> Úmdr bmjob. Am Vaamï >r` dm{uá` Am{U ì`mnma YmoaUm Ü`o AàJV amï >m Zm gyz ~momanor>m Ü`o ñwmz { idyz XoUo A{Ve` `mo½` Amho, na Vw BWo Ë`m àjv Xoem Mr mz{gh$vm hîdmmr R>aVo. Am{ «$H$m I S>mVrb EImXm N>moQ>mgm Xoe Mhm {Z`m V H$aV Agob, Va Ë`m àjv Xoem Zr BVH $ qm{vv hmoê`mm wirm H$maU Zmhr. Ë`m À`m AW ì`dñwodarb ho H$mhr gdmªv mor> gḧ$q> Zmhr. A o[aho$gmaio àjv Xoe Am{U MrZgmaIr ZdàJV amï >o m Mr nañna ì`mnmar g ~ Ym Mr mjurgwõm `mo½`m Amho. Ë`m wio Ë m Zm EH$ oh$m À`m ~momanor>ov g mz nmvirdarb àdoe { iob Am{U ~m {ÕH$ g nîmrmm ~oh$m`xm dmna hmouma Zmhr. ì`mnma Am{U dm{uá` mg ~ YrÀ`m MM}V AmUIr Imobda OmÊ`mnydu EH$ ~m~ Z yx H$aU Iyn hîdmm Amho. {dgmì`m evh$mà`m CÎmamYm V CÎmaoH$Sy>Z X{jUoH$S>o Am{U nyd}h$sy>z n{ü oh$s>o ZmoH$è`m M AmD$Q>gmo{gªJ hmov Agb, Var mâ`m XoemVrb H$m Jma-dJm gmr>r AmOhr A{Ve` mor> AmìhmZ V ÌkmZmM Amho. Vw À`m Zd{Zdm {MV amï >mü`jm nwt>ohr V ÌkmZmM M AmìhmZ C^ R>mH$cob Amho. H ${Ì ~w{õ Îmm mü` mvyz {dzmmmbh$ dmhzm Mr {Z{ Vr Ho$br OmV Amho. AZoH$ H$m o ` Ìm À`m gmømzo Hw$R>ë`mhr mzdr hñvjonm{edm` Ho$br OmV AmhoV. Ë`m wio àë`oh$mbm AW nyu H$m mmr gÿr XoUo, hr H$R>rU g ñ`m ~Zbr Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Amnë`mbm A{YH$m{YH$ H$ënH$ ~Zmd bmjob. ZmoH$argmo~V { iumar Am{W H$ gwa{jvvm Am{U à{vð>m {Q>H$dÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`mbm gm m{oh$ Am{U amoh$s` gämzogẍ^m V nwzh $ënzm m S>mdr bmjob. ZmoH$arVyZ Ho$di n gm { ivmo Ago Zmhr; ZmoH$ar à{vð>m { idyz XoVo, Amnë`m nxmmr OmUrd {Z m U H$aVo, Am`wî`mbm CÔoe { idyz XoVo. Ë`m wio gmd {ÌH$ 67

68 CËnÞ, H$m mà`m AmR>dS>çmM nwzamdbmoh$z, VéU {nt>rmm g mdoe, CÚmoOH$VoMm {dh$mg Aem g ñ`m gmos>{dê`mgmr>r Zì`m n[a mum Mm {dmma H$amdm bmjob. bmoh$emhrbm nyd nxmda AmUm`M Agob, Va gd àw AW ì`dñwomr H$miOr `mdr bmjob. {S>~m Zr Amnë`mbm {eh$db ` H$s, H$mhr {gõm V ho Iè`m AWm Zo gmd ^m { H$ AgVmV. Ë`mVrbM EH$ hîdmmm {gõm V åhuoo- AmnU gd OU mzdvoà`m ~ Ym Zr OmoS>bo Jobmo AmhmoV Am{U Amnë`mVrb àë`oh$ ì`º$sbm OÝ V à{vð>m d `mo½`vm bm^br Amho. Amü`m Mr ~m~ hr Amho H$s, AmOhr Amnë`mbm m gë`mmr ImÌr nq>dyz Úmdr bmjvo. {S>~m Zr Vwé JmÀ`m q^vr Amobm Sy>Z 25 df} hmod$z Jobr, Varhr AmO m ì`m»`mzmvrb H$mhr doi bm Ho$di ho gm JÊ`mgmR>r Úmdm bmjvmo Amho H$s- H $îuduu` Am{U œovduu` bmoh$, Am{e`mVrb Am{U b {Q>Z A o[aho$vrb ZmJ[aH$ór Agmo dm nwéf, g qbjr Agmo dm Zgmo- ybv AmnU gd OU mzd AmhmoV. Amnë`mVrb $ah$ $ma dadamo AmhoV. Ë`m wio EH$ oh$m à{v AmXamMr ^mdzm Omonmgm`bm hdr. ho gd AmVm Amnë`mnwaV H$iyZ MwH$b Agob, Agm mpm g O Pmcm hmovm. mpm Agm {dmma hmovm H$s, {H$ mz hr H$ënZm Am{U yb^yv hovy AmVm àñwm{nv Pmbo AgVrb. na Vw, à{vjm r amoh$maummm AmoK Am{U yb^yv Ý`m`mgmR>rMm g Kf ~KVm Vr à{h«$`m AÚmn nyu hmod$ eh$cocr Zmhr, ho OmUdV. BVam À`m Im Úm da C^o amhÿz ñdv Mr C Mr dmt>dy nmhumè`m bmoh$m Mm Amnë`mbm gmvë`mzo emoy mdm cmjoc, Ë m Zm Vrd«{damoY H$amdm bmjob. Ë`mhÿZhr hîdmm åhuoo BVa Xoem Ü o- {deofh$ê$z Am{ «$Ho$Vrb Xoem Ü`o H$mhr w»` ~m~tmm à{vh$ma H$amdm bmjob. ì`{º$ñdmv Í` d d Mm[aH$ V^oXmM ñdmv Í`, {hbm Mm gm m{oh$ à{h«$`ovrb nyu gh^mj, Aëng»`mH$m Mm g mz dmjuwh$smm h $ Am{U b {JH$ {ZdS>rM ñdmv Í` m A{YH$mam da `m Xm AmUUmè`m gd à`ëzm Zm H$S>mSy>Z {damoy H$am`bm hdm. b {JH$ {ZdS>rMm {df` r BWo AmdOy Z m S>Vmò. mmo H$maU, "ho gd nm{ü më` Xoem Vrb bmoh$m Mo MmoMbo AmhoV, Amåhr Zìho Ë`mVbo' Aem ~oo~m~xma {dymzm nmgyz AmnU gmdy amhm`bm hd. ho {df` Hw$R>ë`m àm VmnwaVo `m {XV ZmhrV, Vo mzdr ApñVËdmMoM A{d^mÁ` A J AmhoV Ü o AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejomr gwzmdur hmoê`mnydu {S>~m Zr Ý`m`mb`mÀ`m H$R>S>çmVyZ R>m eãxm V ½dmhr {Xbr... ¾m MmQ>m, A{YH$mam Mr `m{mh$m Am{U H$m`ÚmMm gwxm gd bmoh$emhrdmxr bmoh$m gmr>r na nyá` Amho. åhuoom, "Vr nwñvh $ gmd$w Am{ «$Ho$Vrb bmoh$m Zr {b{hbr ZmhrV, åhuyz mpm Ë`mÀ`mer Hw$R>bmhr g ~ Y Zmhr' Ag Vo åhumbo ZmhrV. CbQ> hm mzdr dmagm Amho, Ë`m wio bm-vwåhmbm gdmªzmm Vmo g mz bmjy hmovmo. du Ûofr àemgh$m Zm H$Yrhr Z { iy eh$bobm Z {VH$ A{YH$ma {S>~m Zm àmá Pmbm, H$maU mzdr yë`m Mr Ë`m Zm CÎm OmU hmovr. H $îuduu`m À`m gm{hë`mmm Ë`m Mm Aä`mghr Xm S>Jm hmovm. "dum da AmYm[aV amoh$s` {d^mjur AË` V H ${Ì Amho. Vr Zï> Pmbr, Va EH$m dum Mr Xþgè`m dum darb Hw$aKmoS>rhr g nwï>mv `ob b.' ZoëgZ S>obm M ho 1964 Yrb {dymz Amho, Ë`mdoir r $º$ VrZ dfmªmm hmovmo. Oo Ë`m H$mir gë` hmov, Vo AmOhr {VVH $M àñvwv Amho. yb^yv gë` H$Yrhr ~XbV Zmhr. ho gë` AmnU gdmªzr ñdrh$mam`bm hd. gd åhuoo- Vo {~«{Q>e ZmJ[aH$ AgmoV dm ^mavr`, opšgh$z Agmo dm ~ÝQw>, ë`yamo Agmo qh$dm A o[ah$z- AJXr gdmªzrm. nañnam à{v namonh$mammr ^mdzm Omonmgmdr, hm {dmma àë`oh$ Ym{ H$ {eh$duwh$sà`m H $ÐñWmZr Amho. BVa ì`º$s Ü o {XgUmao ñdv Mo à{vq~~, gdmªà`m gm mb H$ AmH$m jm Am{U ñdßzm Mr OmUrd hm {dmmahr àë`oh$ Y m V AmT>iVmo. m {eh$duwh$sbm OmVr, Y, qbj d b {JH$Voda AmYm[aV ^ox^md mý` Zmhr. ho gë` AmnU gdmªzr A JrH$mab, Va Ë`mMm mzd{hvmgmr>rmm hmoumam $m`xm àë`j AZw^dm`bm { iob. Varhr ZmV e H$m Agob, Va ZwH$VmM w$q>~m b {dœmfh$ qoh$umè`m «$mýgà`m IoimSy >Zm {dmmam. Ë`m À`mVrb àë`oh$ OU Jm b àm VmVrb œovduu` ì`º$sgmaim {XgV Zmhr. AZoH$ H $îuduu` IoimSy> Ë`m g KmV AmhoV. hîdmm åhuoo Varhr Vo gd OU «$M AmhoV, EH$gŸ AmhoV. 68

69 gmd ^m mzdvmdmxmmm ñdrh$ma H$aUo åhuoo Amncm ñwm{zh$ d e, Y Am{U amï >r` ApñVËdmbm {Vbm Obr Úm`Mr, Agm hmov Zmhr. {S>~m Zr Amncm Am{Xdmgr dmagm OmonmgUo H$Yrhr gmos>bo ZìhVo. AmnU gmd$w Am{ «$Ho$Mo ZmJ[aH$ AmhmoV, H $îuduu` AmhmoV mmm A{^ mz gx d Ë`m Zr ~mijbm. CbQ> Ë`m Mm Agm {dœmg hmovm ( mpmhr Amho) H$s, Amnë`m dmaemmm A{^ mz ~mijvmzm BVam Zm H$ r boiê`mmr wirm JaO ^mgv Zmhr. qh$~hþzm, Hw$Ur Ag H$ê$ BpÀN>V Agob; Va Ë`m ì`º$s Ü`o ñdv ~ÔbM Agwa{jVVoMr ^mdzm Amho, Ago r g OVmo. H$mhr R>am{dH$ djm gmr>r Ý`m` Ama{jV Agob, Va gmd {ÌH$ Ý`m` H$Yrhr àñwm{nv hmod$ eh$uma Zmhr, Ag {S>~m M V hmov. EH$m AÝ`m`H$maH$ g momà`m A{YH$manXmdarb ì`º$smm du ~Xbbm, åhuoo Ý`mæ` g mommr ñwmnzm Pmbr Ag åhuvm `ouma Zmhr. Ho$di du ~Xbbm Am{U ì`º$s mì VoM AÝ`m`H$maH$ YmoaU am~dv Agob, Va gd ì`w Amho. AmOda Vwåhr Am À`mda AÝ`m` Ho$bmV, Ë`m wio AmVm Amåhr Ë`mMm gys> KoUma, ho YmoaU Ý`mæ` ì`dñwobm Ano{jV Zmhr. "du ÛofmMr bm AVrd MrS> Amho- J Vmo œovduu`m Zr gwê$ Ho$bobm Agmo dm H $îuduu`m Zr- Vmo AÝ`m`H$maH$M Amho,' Ag {S>~m åhumbo hmovo. PnmQ>çmZo hmoumao ~Xb Am{U AmYw{ZH$sH$aUm wio hmoumar {Xem^yb Amnë`mbm AmoiImdr bmjob. OJ $ma Odi Amb Amho, Voìhm mvyz {Z m U hmoumar Agwa{jVVoMr ^mdzm Iyn gm å` H$aÊ`mgmR>r Cnm` emoymdo bmjvrb. nm{ü më` Xoem Yrb gü`mà`m {Zdm {gvm À`m àým ~m~vrvrb H$mhr wôo Z $sm `mo½` AmhoV. CXmhaUmW - XoemÀ`m gr omm {df` gwa{jvvoà`m Ñï>rZo A{Ve` hîdmmm Amho. Vwåhr XoemMo ZmJ[aH$ AmhmV qh$dm Zmhr, ho OmUUo gah$magmr>r Amdí`H$ Amho. Zì`m àxoemvrb ^mfm, nõvter OwidyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ëz ~mhoê$z Zì`mZo Amboë`m bmoh$m Zr H$am`bm hdm. na Vw m H$maUm gmr>r OmVr, d e Am{U Y m da AmYm[aV {Zdm {gvm {df`h$ YmoaU g W Zr` R>aUma Zmhr. JaOynr{S>Vm gmr>r, H$doV KoVboë`m wbmgh XV mjumè`m mvogmr>r, AË`mdí`H$ mzdr yë`m Mm AmXa H$ê$Zhr H$m`ÚmMr A b~omdur H$aVm `od$ eh$vo. {Vgam wôm- bmoh$emhr åhuoo Ho$di {ZdS>UwH$m ZìhoV, mmr {S>~m AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoVmV. Vwé JmVyZ gwq>ë`mda {S>~m Mr bmoh${à`vm JJZmbm {^S>br hmovr. Ë`m Zr R>adb AgV, Va Vo Am`wî`^a amï >mü`jm À`m nxmda {~Z{damoY {damo mz hmod$ eh$bo AgVo. Ë`mEodOr Ë`m Zr X{jU Am{ «$Ho$gmR>r KQ>Zm {b{hê`mà`m H$m mv mj Xe Z H$ê$Z $ma mor>m bm^ Xoemcm { idyz {Xbm. OJ^amVrb bmoh$emhr VÎdm Mm Am{U g ñwmë H$ H$m` nõvrmm Aä`mg H$ê$Z, gdm {YH$ `eñdr R>aboë`m mj Xe H$ VÎdm Mm g {dymzmv g mdoe H$aÊ`mV XV Ho$br. kmzmda Hw$Ê`m EH$mbm ºo${Jar JmOdVm `ouma Zmhr, mmr nyu I~aXmar KoVbr. S>obm AgmoV qh$dm Amo~m m- Hw$Urhr ^«ï>mmmamà`m à^mdmnmgyz A{bá Zmhr. Vw À`mH$S>o A `m X eº$s Agob, hd Vo H$aÊ`mMr w^m Agob, gd OU Vw Mr MyH$ XmIdyZ Úm`bm Km~aV AgVrb; Va m ^rvrnmgyz Vwåhrhr dmmy eh$uma Zmhr. S>obm Zr hr ~m~ $ma nydum AmoiIbr hmovr. Vo åhum`mo, ""bmoh$emhr hr ~hþ Vmda AmYma^yV Amho.'' Amnë`mgma»`m Xoem V {OWo ~hþvoh$ OZVoMo yb^yv A{YH$ma ZmH$maÊ`mV Ambo, {VWo ho VÎd A{YH$ à^mdembr R>aVo. Ë`m doir amoh$s` Am{U BVa 69

70 Aëng»`mH$m À`m A{YH$mam Mr OnUyH$hr hîdmmr AgVo. bmoh$emhr Ho$di Vm M amoh$mau Zmhr, Va gdmªzr C^maboë`m ZmJar g ñh $VrVyZ bmoh$emhrbm AW àmá hmovmo, ho Ë`m Zr OmUb hmov. Á`m Xoem Ü`o åhum`bm Va {ZdS>UwH$m KoVë`m OmVmV, na Vw qoh$umè`m njmbm M ËH$m[aH$arË`m 90 Q> o$ OmJm { ivmv Am{U {damoyh$ Hw$R>o Var ~ {XñV AgVmV. Ë`m Mm AmdmO mü` m n`ªvhr nmohmomy eh$v Zmhr. Ago Xoehr bmoh$emhr VÎdmZo H$ma^ma H$aVmV, hm J ag O àw V Xÿa H$am`bm hdm. ^ $ g ñwm Am{U gämzm, Aëng»`mH$m À`m h $m Mr gwajm, A{^ì`{º$ñdmV Í`, {Z~ªY wº$ mü`, gah$mar YmoaUm {df`r {damoy d `m{mh$m Zm XdÊ`mMm h $, ñdv Ì Ý`m`ì`dñWm Am{U H$m`ÚmÀ`m A b~omdurm H$V ì`nmbz ho gd bmoh$emhrmo w»` AmYma^yV KQ>H$ AmhoV. àjvr gmyê`mmm ~m~vrv bmoh$emhr H$mhrer Yrå`m JVrMr Amho Ago dmqy> eh$vo, EH $XarV à{h«$`m Jw VmJw VrMr d AZoH$Xm g Vmn AmUUmar Agy eh$vo, ho r mý` H$aVmo; na Vw hþhy$ emhr {dmmam VyZ `ouma àjvrm AmœmgZ {ZImcg ImoQ> Amho. Ë`mbm H$Yrhr ~ir nsy> ZH$m. Ë`mVyZ Ho$di CƒnXñWm H$S>o g nîmr Am{U eº$smm g M` dmt>v OmVmo. ^«ï>mmma Am{U AÝ`m` ns>úmams> bndu AJXr ghogmon hmod$z OmV. gd `m Xm bjmv KoD$Zhr, "gah$ma OZVoÀ`m godogmr>r AgVo,' ho VÎd amá`ì`dñwobm Ano{jV Agm`bm hd. Am{U gd `m Xm bjmv KoD$Zhr, Ho$di bmoh$emhr nõvrvm ho gmh$mavm `od$ eh$v hohr cjmv m cm hd. Ë`m wio Amnë`mVrb Á`m gdmªzm bmoh$emhr ì`dñwm A{YH$ O~yV ~Zdm`Mr Amho, Ë`m Zr gd àw OJmVrb ^m S>dbdmXr gîmmh $Ðm dê$z Amnco bj hq>dyz Vo VimJmimVrb OZVoH$S>o didbo nm{hoo. bmoh$emhrà`m d YVoMm CJ gîmmymè`m nmgyz qh$dm empãxh$ {gõm VmnmgyZ qh$dm hmz {dmmad Vm nmgyz hmov Zmhr, Va Vmo VimJmimVrb g mokq>h$m nmgyz hmovmo. amï >mü`j AgVmZm {dûmz AW VÁkm H$Sy>Z r Oo H$mhr {eh$bmo AgoZ, Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ gm m{oh$ H$m`m Mm g `mooh$ åhuyz ZmoH$ar J mdboë`m H$m Jmam H$Sy>Z Am{U {ZamYma mvoh$sy>z {eh$bmo Amho. g moordzmer Agbob KÅ> ZmV Am{U gwg dmx mvyz bmoh$emhr gmh$mavo, Ë`m wio Amnë`m ZoË`m H$Sy>Zhr hrm Anojm Agm`bm hdr; na Vw Ë`mgmR>r Ago ZoVo VimJmimVyZ {Z m U ìhm`bm hdov. Amnë`m mvrvrb OZVogmR>r am~yz ~Xb KS>dÊ`mgmR>r à`ëz H$aUmao ZoVo V`ma ìhm`bm hdov. hom ZoVo nwt>o OmD$Z Am{bemZ B mavrvyz YmoaUm Mm avr~ Q>mH$Umè`m ZoË`m Zm IS>gmdyZ gm JVrb, VimJmimV m `moozm Mm H$mhrhr Cn`moJ hmov Zmhr`o. Amnë`mbm bmoh$m{^ wi YmoaU gwmdmdr bmjvrb. bmoh$emhrbm à^mdr ~ZdÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`mbm gvv ñdv gmo~vm `oumè`m {nt>rà`m à~moyzmgmr>r à`ëzerb amhmd bmjob, hr {eh$du {S>~m Zr Amnë`mbm {Xbr Amho. Amnë`mnojm Ho$di {Xgm`bm dojù`m AgUmè`m bmoh$m gmo~vm Zìho Va dojim Ñ{ï>H$moZ OmonmgUmè`m bmoh$m gmo~v gwg dmx gmyuo hr EdT>r gmonr Jmoï> Zmhr. H$maU ~hþvm e doim Amnë`m {dmmam er gh V Agboë`m bmoh$m gmo~vm Amnbm dmda A{YH$ AgVmo. na Vw Amnë`mnojm dojim Ñ{ï>H$moZ AgUmè`m bmoh$m M V Am{U Ë`m M gë` g OyZ KoU bmoh$emhrbm Ano{jV Amho. Ë`m à`ëzm VyZ H$Xm{MV Vwåhr Ë`m ì`º$sm Vn[adV Z KS>dyZ AmUmb qh$dm Ë`m ì`º$sà`m {dmmam er Vw Mr gh Vr hmod$ eho$b. Amnë`m {damoyh$m M V Z EoH$VmM YwS>H$mdyZ bmdb Va ho eš` hmod$ eh$uma Zmhr. Vr ì`º$s œovduu` Amho qh$dm nwéf Amho Ë`m wio H$Yr mâ`m ^mdzm g OyM eh$uma Zmhr, qh$~hþzm m{df`r VàXe Z H$aÊ`mMm {Vcm Z {VH$ A{YH$maM Zmhr, Agm AÅ>mhmg Agob Va XmoZ JQ>m V gwg dmx hmod$m eh$uma Zmhr. {S>~m Zr hr O{Q>bVm Amnë`m Am`wî`mV AZw^dbr Am{U Ë`mgmR>r à`ëzhr Ho$bo. Vwé JmV AgVmZm Ë`m Zr "Am{ «$H$mÝg' ^mfm {eh$ê`mda ^a {Xbm. n{ü O ZrV yi Agbobr hr ^mfm {S>~m Zm Vwé JmV S>m ~Umè`m Mr w»` ^mfm hmovr. Ë`m Mr ^mfm {ehy$z Ë`m Mo {dmma OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ëz {S>~m Zr Ho$bm. EdT>oM Zmhr Va, Vwé JmVyZ ~mhoa Amë`mda ghh$m`m Mm hmvhr Ë`m Zr nwt>o Ho$bm. ho gd H$aÊ`mM w»` H$maU åhuoo, ñdv Ì X{jU Am{ «$Ho$À`m {Z{ VrgmR>r Ë`m g mokq>h$mbmhr gmo~v 70

71 KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho, hm {S>~m Mm {dmma hmovm. Amnë`m eìy gmo~v g oq> KS>dyZ AmUm`Mr Agob Va eìybm gmo~v KoD$Z H$m H$am`bm hd, åhuoo hiyhiy Vmo eìy Amnbm ghh$mar ~ZVmo. Ë`m wio gah$mar YmoaUm {df`r {dmma m S>VmZm, Oo bmoh$ EH$mM Hw$R>ë`m ~moyzo JXu H$aVmV Vo H$Yrhr bmoh$emhrbm Cn`moJr R>aV ZmhrV. àë`oh$ doir Amnë mcm hd Vo e ^a Q> o$ { iy eh$v Zmhr, na Vw Ë`m wio Amnbr VÎdo Ë`mJyZ {Zame hmoê`mmr wirm Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. Amnbr VÎdo ^ $ H$ê$Z bmoh$emhr MM}V Vr Z $s `eñdr R>aVrb hm {dœmg ~mijm`bm hdm. {dmmam Mr H$R>moa VnmgUr H$ê$Z, VH $ Am{U nwamì`mà`m AmYmao EH$m gd mý` Vmn`ªV nmomvm `ov Am{U ì`dñwm àjvrà`m mjm da bmjy eh$vo, hmm {dmma A o[aho$mr {Z{ Vr H$aUmè`m Zmhr Ano{jV hmovm. ho gmü` hmoê`mgmr>r Amnë`mbm dñvw{zð> gë` ñdrh$mamd bmjob. Ë`m{edm` ghh$mammm nm`m KmbVm `ouma Zmhr. Ia Va AJXr d Mm[aH$ YS>m {JadÊ`mBVH$m pšbï> hm wôm Zmhr. CXm- r åhq>b H$s, ho ì`mgnrr> Amho, Am{U Vwåhr åhumbmv H$s hm hîmr Amho Va EH$ oh$m Zm ghh$m` H$aU Amnë`mbm H$R>rU hmob b. n`m dau{df`h$ n [ag H$amambm {damoy H$aUmè`m Mr H$mhr V r g Oy eh$vmo. Ogo H$s, H$mhtM V Amhohm H$ama ì`mdhm[ah$ Zmhr, Ë`mgmR>r gdmªm ghh$m` { idu AeŠ` Amho. qh$dm gún[apñwvrv OZVon`ªV ñdñv XamV D$Om nmomduo Am À`mgmR>r àmw{ H$ JaO Amho, Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr H$mi n`m daummr hmzr Pmbr Var Amåhmbm Vr gmogmdr bmjob. m wúm da r Ë`m À`mgmo~V MMm H$ê$ eh$vmo. àxÿfu wº$ D$Om òmov ho {deofh$ê$z Am{W H$ ÑîQ>çm AàJV Xoem gmr>r H$go {hvh$mah$ AmhoV ho nq>dyz XoD$ eh$vmo. na Vw OJmVrb ~hþvm e d km{zh$m Zr nwamì`m{zer {gõ H$ê$Zhr Oa Hw$Ur åhuv Agob H$s, hdm mzmv Hw$R>bohr KmVH$ ~Xb hmovmm ZmhrV Am{U hr Ho$di ImoQ>r ~m ~m~m ~ Amho. Va Aem ì`º$s gmo~v H$er Am{U H$m` MMm H$amdr, qh$~hþzm g dmxmbm gwédmv Hw$Ry>Z H$amdr ho bm wirm gwmv Zmhr. XþX dmzo amoh$maumvrb EH$ mor>m dj AmO dñvw{zð> gë`mmr gḧ$ënzmm Zï> H$ê$ nmhvmo Amho. bmoh$ hd Vg, dmq>ob Vo V ~ZdVmV Am{U Ë`mMmM AmJ«h YaVmV. mmm nxmonxr Amnë`mbm AZw^d `ovmo, J Vmo gîmmnwañh $V VàMma Agob, B Q>aZoQ>darb ~ZmdQ> ~mvå`m AgVrb, Zmoa OZ Am{U ~mv rnìmvrb nwgq> hmoumar aofm Agob, qh$dm YmXm VnUo ImoQ> ~mobumao amoh$s` ZoVo AgVrb. nydugwõm ZoVo AgË` {dymz m S>m`Mo, na Vw gë` g moa Amë`mda {Xb{Jar ì`º$ H$aÊ`mMr {H$ mz b mm Ë`m À`mV hmovr. AmOMo ZoVo gë` g moa Amë`mdahr {Zb mnuo Amnb V amiê`mgmr>r A{YH$m{YH$ ImoQ>r {dymz m S>VmZm {XgVmV. XmofXe H$ {dmma d m{hvr Á`m Zm J agmò rmr dmq>vo Vo gd ZoVo ~w{õàm mê`dmxr Am{U d km{zh$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ ZmH$maÊ`mgmR>r Aem {dmmam M g W Z H$aVmV. h $ Am{U gë` ZmH$maUmar {dmmagaur bmoh$emhrgmr>r KmVH$ Amho. åhuyzm mü` m M ñdmv Í` OmonmgÊ`mgmR>r, Vg M AgË` m{hvr Am{U {dh $V {dmma nga{dê`mgmr>r gmoeb r{s>`mmm hmoumam dmna amoiê`mgmr>r, emiov {dúmï`mªzm Ho$di Am Yim AmkmYmaH$nUm Z {eh$dvm S>moig {dmma H$aÊ`mMr {eh$du XoÊ`mgmR>r AmnU H$iH$irZo à`ëz H$am`bm hdov. Am{U VwåhrgwÕm gwq>ho$mm {Z œmg Q>mHy$ eh$mb Vmo mpm AIoaMm wôm åhuoo, AmnUgwÕm {S>~m à muo ÑT> AmemdmX ~mijm`bm hdm. AbrH$S>À`m H$mimVrb amoh$s` pñwë` Va BVH $ e{º$embr Amho H$s, "Ë`m AmìhmZm Mm gm Zm H$aUo eš` Zmhr, AmVm H$mhrhr gwymaum hmouo eš` Zmhr,' Aem Xmof H$d Îmrbm ~ir H$moUrhr ns>uo gho eš` Amho. ZìdXrÀ`m XeH$mV Á`mà muo bmoh$emhrà`m {do`mmm JmOmdmOm hmovm, VgmM H$ moi AmVm bmoh$emhrmm AñV Am{U hþhy$ emhrà`m An[ahm` {do`m{df`r {Z m U hmov Amho. Amnë`mbm hm àh$ma amoimdm bmjob, H$maU AmnU Vmo XþX dr A Y:H$ma AZw^dbm Amho. mzdr bt>çmà`m `eñdr JmWobm {S>~m Zr yv ñdê$n {Xb Amho. na Vw Ë`m Mm hm àdmg gmonm ZìhVm. Vrg df} Ë`m Zm Vwé Jdmg ^mojmdm bmjbm. IS>r $mos>mdr bmjbr, Vwé JmVrb OmM gmogmdm bmjbm. Varhr Ë`m M 71

72 gm Ï` dmt>v Job Am{U AÝ`m`H$maH$ amodq> H$ Hw$dV hmov Jobr. Ë`mM w»` H$maU åhuoo, Vwåhr gë`mmm mj Adb {~bm Am{U Ë`mJmMr V`mar R>odbr Va gḧ$q> {H$Vrhr e{º$embr Agmo, Ë`mda mv H$am`bm {H$Vrhr dfmªmm H$mbmdYr bmjmo, bt>m XoVmZm H$mhr àg Jr {nn>ohmq> Pmbr Var AIoa gë`mmmm {do` hmovmo. {S>~m Mr {d^yvr {H$Vrhr I ~ra Agbr Varhr hm bt>m EH$mH$s qoh$vm ouo eš` ZìhVo. {S>~m À`m MidirV dfm J{UH$ ór-nwéf, VéU OmoS>bo OmD$ bmjbo. H $îuduu`, œovduu`, ^mavr`, OJ^amVrb AZoH$ Xoem Vrb ZmJ[aH$ gh^mjr hmod$ bmjbo. m gdmªà`m EH${ÌV à`ëzm VyZM {do` àmá hmod$ eh$bm. VrM AmO Amnbr JaO Amho. Amnë`mbm EH$ Hw$R>bm ZoVm qh$dm àoaum ZH$mo Amho. Amnë`mbm hdr Amho Vr EH$gŸ {d^yvr. OJmV gd Ì Agm VéU dj, Á`m À`m Im Úmdada ^{dî`mà`m Amem {dg ~yz AmhoV, Omo mzo EH$Ì `ov Amho. Ë`m À`mgmR>r am ~Q> Ho$ZoS>r m M {dymz Z yx H$amdg dmq>v. Vo åhumbo hmovo H$s, "gd g ñ`m ~m~v Am M CÎma åhuoo OJmVrb AmemdmX Amho Am{U m AmemdmXmÀ`m wimer Amho VéU {nt>r, VéU {dmmam darb Am Mm {dœmg!' mpm AmdmO EoHy$ eh$umè`m {nt>rbm mpm hmm gẍoe Amho H$s, ÑT> AmË {dœmg ~mijm, àjvrnwmda EHo$H$ nmdbmgh mj H«$ U gwê$ R>odm. àë`oh$ {nt>rbm OmJ{VH$ ì`dñwomr nwz{z { Vr H$aÊ`mMr gÿr { ivo. Ë`m wio gvv Zd{Z{ Vr H$am. S>obm åhumbo hmovo, Owb r XS>nemhr{damoYmV, ñdmv Í` ñwmnzogmr>r VéUm Zm ào[av Ho$ë`mg Vo gj ~ZVmV. Ë`m Zm àoaum XoÊ`mMr Am{U Ë`m Mr eº$s àád{bv H$aÊ`mMr hrm `mo½` doi Amho. Amnë`mVrb gd OU Oo g Vm, à{vð>m, bmoh$emhr, ghh$ma Am{U ào ^mdzomm dmagm Ony BpÀN>VmV, Vo gd OU earamzo AgmoV d Zgmo, ZmZo Z $s VéU AmhoV, m ZdVéUm Zm `eñdr ~ZdÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Amnë`mdahr Amho. Am{ «$Ho$Vrb mâ`m gm m{oh$ g ñwoûmao OJ^amVrb g mon[adv ZmgmR>r à`ëzerb Agboë`m XmoZeo VéUm Zm Amåhr EH${ÌV AmUbo Amho. ho gd VéU {S>~m À`m yë`m M à{v{z{yëd H$aVmV Am{U Ë`m À`mVyZM VéU ZoV Ëd CX`mbm `ov AmhoV. Ë`mVrbM EH$ VéU H $aoz dmh$mobr hm Ho${Z`mVrb CÚmoOH$ Amho. Ë`mZo CX`moÝ wi ZoV ËdmgmR>r g KQ>Zm ñwmnz Ho$br Amho. Ë`mÛmao Xm[aÚ«{Z y bz Am{U gm m{oh$ à{vð>omr ñwmnzm mgmr>r Vo à`ëz H$aVmV. BZm H$ Hw$bm Jm Am{ «$H$Z {MëSóZ { ez g ñwm MmbdVmo. Ë`mÛmao `wjm S>m Am{U Ho${Z`mVrb {ejuàgmamgmr>r Vmo H$m H$aVmo. Ë`mM~amo~a OJ^amVrb AZoH$ Xoem Ü`o ~mbh $m ~m~v mj Xe H$ H$m` emim Am`mo{OV H$aVmo. Ë`mZo brs> mb S²g Am{ «$H$m hr g ñwm ñwmnz Ho$br Amho. Zmdmà muom VéU ZmZ mj Xe Z H$aÊ`mM C{Õï> hr g ñwm ~mijvo. m wbm er MMm Ho$ë`mda Amnbm AmË {dœmg A{YH$ ÑT> hmovmo, ^yvh$mimvrb H$V ~Jmarda {dg ~yz MmbUma Zmhr ho Ë`m Zr OmUb Amho. Ë`m wiom Ë`m Zr bt>çmmr emb Amnë`m hmvr KoVbr Amho. hr emb Ë`m Zm JV{nT>rH$Sy>Z { imbr Amho, Ë`mV {S>~m ZmdmÀ`m e ^a dfmªnydu OÝ boë`m EH$m H $îuduu`mmmhr g mdoe Amho. Hw$Urhr du, OmVr, Y m {df`h$ Ûof KoD$Z OÝ mbm `ov Zmhr. Agm Ûof H$am`bm Vo BWoM {eh$vmv Am{U Ag Agob Va Ë`m Zm ào Am{U ghh$m` H$am`bmhr BWoM {eh$dvm `od$ eh$v. H$maU mzdr ZmgmR>r Ûofmnojm ào ^mdzm A{YH$ Z g{j H$ Amho. mmr AmR>dU {S>~m H$ê$Z XoVmV. Va mzdr ZmgmR>r ào ^mdzm A{YH$ Z g{j H$ Amho, mmr ZrQ> AmR>dU R>ody `m. Amnë`m g Kfm V EH$ ZdM VÝ` Am{U CËgmh {Z m U H$ê$ `m. OoUoH$ê$Z e ^a dfmªz Va `oumar {nt>r A{^ mzmzo åhuy eho$b H$s, Ë`m Zr bt>m {Od V R>odbm, Ë`m wiom AmO ñdmv Í`mÀ`m Zì`m P S>çmImbr Amåhr Am`wî` OJVmo AmhmoV. X{jU Am{ «$Ho$Vrb OZVocm Z nyd H$ YÝ`dmX! AZwdmX : Zrcoe mos>h$ Mob (ZoëgZ S>ocm m À m OÝ evmãxr dfm Mr AIoa 17 Owc 2018 amoor Pmcr, Voìhm X{jU Am{ «$Ho$Vrc OmohmÝg~J owo ~amh$ Amo~m m m Zr Ho$coco ho ^mfu Amho.) 72

73 Xoe^ŠV _wgb_mzmà m bmmma Am{U Km`mi Pmboë`m ñdm{^_mzmm àvrh$ ~Zboë`m {_Pm bm àojh$ H$Yr {dgê$ eh$uma ZmhrV. \$miurz VaÀ`m ^mavmv {I r CS>{dë`m Joboë`m àë`oh$ _wgb_mzmmr \$ŠV "{_`m±' hrm AmoiI {e H$ am{hbr. nm{h$ñvmz _mjumao Va {ZKyZ Jobo Ë`m À`m {haì`m P S>çmÀ`m N>m`oV, ^«m_h$ gwi-g_voà`m àxoemv! nu _wpñb_ Xoe, _mvr Am{U Ë`m V éoboë`m nmim_wim À`m _mohmv Oo Jobo ZmhrV, Vo gmao ñdv:à`mm XoemV naho$ Pmbo. Am{W H$ ÑîQ>çm ZoñVZm~yV Pmbobr, gm_m{oh$ ÑîQ>çm EH$m ~moybm T>H$bbr Jobobr hr OmV _mz{gh$arë`m nu H$m`_ hv~cvov T>H$bbr OmVo. {gzo_mmm A V AWm VM XmIdVmo H$s- ^mavr` _wgb_mzm À`m g_ñ`m M CÎma Zm nbm`zmv Amho, Zm ehm_ Jrd Îmr_Ü`o. (H$bm Am{U gm hmx ) _bm gm Jm`M ` Vo gm hmxm {df`r... Am{U Vohr H$bm _m\ $V eš` hmoumè`m gm hmxm {df`r. _r _mpo {dmma \$ŠV H$bm nwavom _`m {XV R>odÊ`mMm nyu à`ëz H$arZ; Varhr gm hmxm {df`r ~mobvmzm _r amoh$mau Am{U Y_ H$maUmÀ`m S>~Š`mV ZH$iV nm` R>odUmaM Amho. Voìhm gwédmvrbmm Zoh_r H$arV Agë`mà_mUo EH$ ñnï> H$aVo... hmò, _mp Zmd ear\$m Amho; na Vw _r \$ŠV _muyg Amho, ^mavr` Amho Am{U {ejh$ Amho. Voìhm _ohoa~mzr H$ê$Z _r Oo H$mhr ~mobuma Amho, Ë`mbm _mâ`m Zmdmer OmoSy> ZH$m. _r _mzdvo{edm` H$moUË`mhr Y_m bm H$Yr _mpm Y_ _mzbm Zmhr, åhuyz _r VQ>ñWnUo gd Y_mª{df`r ~moby eh$vo. Xoeào_m{df`rMr ear $m {doirdmcm _mpr ì`m»`m {demb Amho. VmO_hb qh$dm AO R>m, Am½Œ mà`m _{exrdarb bmdê`_`r aoim AgmoV AWdm H$moUmH $À`m gỳ _ {XamMr ^ì`vm, ^mavr` emór` g JrV qh$dm Z Ë`, Amnë`m XoemVrb na namjv gm{hë`, Amnbo CÎm_ {gzo_o... `m gdmªgmr>rm _mp ào_ gmai M Amho. `m ^ì` dmaemmr dmagxma Agë`mMm _bm Jd Amho. _mp Z àë`oh$ ^mavr`mda ào_ H$aÊ`mV Jm ad AZw^dV, _bm _mâ`m XoemVrb gd H$bmH$mam {df`r 73

74 gmaimm AmXa Amho. _mâ`m Xoeào_mbm àxoe, ^mfm, g àxm` AWdm Y_m Mo AS>ga H$Yr ZS>V ZmhrV. _mp Xoeào_ gwav_yyz _madms>r _mugmbm qh$dm _w ~B hÿz {~hmar ì`švrbm H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mMm {dmma H$Yr H$aV Zmhr. _mp Xoeào_ {X rv {eim Zm _mam`bm nmqr>~m XoV Zmhr, Vg M JmoY«m qh$dm JmoÜŒ`mgma»`m KQ>ZoVrc EH$mbmhr nmqr>~m XoV Zmhr. _mp Xoeào_ XoemÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$monè`mV d {MVm da hmoumè`m hëë`m _wio H$idiV, _mp Xoeào_ H$moUmhr ì`švrà`m ImgJr OrdZmV S>moH$mdÊ`mMr AWdm H$moUmÀ`m ñd` nmh$kamn`ªv nmohmomê`mmr gdcv _bm XoV Zmhr. _mp Xoeào_ XmoZ gàà`m ào{_h$m Zm Ë`m À`m OmVr-Y_m {df`r {dmmav Zmhr. _mâ`m Xoeào_mbm ~m YUma VÎd Amho, _mâ`m XoemMr gahô. _mâ`m XoemMr a Jr~oa Jr g ñh $Vr, {VMr {d{dyvovrb EH$Vm, Ë`mV amhumao {d{dy bmoh$. _mâ`m Xoeào_mbm H$moUr ì`švr AWdm H$moUË`m amoh$s` njmer H$mhrhr XoU - KoU Zmhr. _r H$moUmbm A{YH$mahr XoV Zmhr H$s, Ë`m Zr _mâ`m Xoeào_r AgÊ`mMm nwamdm _mjmdm AWdm _mâ`m Xoeào_mda e H$m `mdr. _bm Aer Xoeào_r, ewõ _muyg, _Zwî`_mÌm da ào_ H$aUmar ì º$s ~Zdbr Amho, Vr "H$bm Zr'. _mzdvonojm _mor>m H$moUVmhr Y_ AgyM eh$v Zmhr, `mmr OmUrd _bm H$bm Zr {Xbr Amho. H$bm Zr _bm {ZgJm À`m V_m_ VÎdm V B ídar VÎdm M Xe Z H$am`bm {eh$db. Verhr àë`oh$ H$bmH $Vr J Vo- gm{hë`, g JrV, {MÌ, {eën, ñwmnë`, Z Ë`, ZmQ>H$, {gzo_m- Ago H$mhrhr Agmo `mv Oa Am V[aH$ _oi Zgob, Va Vr CÎm_ H$bmH $Vr Zmhr ~Zy eh$v. Am V[aH$ g dm{xvo{edm` H$moUVrhr H$bm n[anyu Vobm Zmhr nmomv. Voìhm ñdm^m{dh$nuom Or ñdg dmxr Amho, Aer H$bmH $Vr AmnUm gdmªzm gm hmxm Mm nmr>m {eh$dy eh$vo. AmnU H$bm Am{U gm hmxm ~Ôb ~mobm`bm EH$Ì Ambmo AmhmoV; Voìhm EH$ Jmoï> ñnï> Amho H$s, Amnbo gm_m{oh$ gm hmx ~mowq> Pmbo Amho- AS>MUrV Ambo Amho, åhuyzm Ë`m{df`r qmvm dmqy>z AmnU `owo EH$Ì Ambmo AmhmoV. AmnU gdmªzr hr nu EH$ Jmoï> bjmv R>odm`bm hdr H$s, gm hmx Vm \$ŠV Y_m _wiom YmoŠ`mV `ov ZgVo. ór-nwéf ^ox^md, gdu -X{bVm _Ybr Xar, A_ra- Jar~, IoS> -eha... hr gmar n[a~i gm_m{oh$ gm hmxm bm AS>MUrV AmUVmV. gm hmx Am{U g{hîuwvomm WoQ> g ~ Y Amho. EH$ H$_r Pmbr Va Xþgar AMyH$ AS>MUrV `ovo. gm hmxm Mo ZwH$gmZ H$aÊ`m_mJo Ym{_ H${edm` amoh$s`, gm_m{oh$ Am{U Am{W H$ H$maU XoIrb gmairm O~m~Xma AgVmV. {demb dmmz Am{U H$bm {df`rmr OmU _mugmbm KS>dVo. amï >r` Vg M Am Vaamï >r` ñvam da H$moUË`m n[a~im _wio OmVdmX, ZjbdmX, AmV H$dmX \$mo\$mdv Amho Vo Ë`mbm Iè`m AWm Zo g_ov. na Vw qmvm `m Jmoï>rMr Amho H$s, bmoh$m Zr hiyhiy dmmm`m Am{U n[aum_m Vr _m {bh$ {dmma H$aÊ`mM M gmosy>z {Xb Amho. amoh$maur bmoh$m Zm Va {dmma H$aUmè m, Iam B{Vhmg OmUUmè m, ñdv: {ZU ` KoD$ eh$umè`m bmoh$m À`mV Vgmhr H$moUVmM ag ZgVmo. Ë`m Zm Va g_oë`m- C_Oë`m{edm` dmhdm H$aUmè`m JQ>m VM ag AgVmo 74

75 Am{U Ago JQ> dmt>v OmV AmhoV, Vmo Amnë`m gdmªmm qmvomm {df` Amho. Ym{_ H$ dos>onumbvh$mm amoh$s` dos>onumxoirb XoemÀ`m gm hmxm gmr>r YmoH$mXm`H$ R>ê$ eh$vmo. gm hmxm bm gd Y_ g_^md qh$dm Iar AmÜ`mpË_H$Vm H$Yr ZS>V Zmhr. Aer ì`švr H$moUË`mhr amoh$s` njmv Agbr, Var Vr YmoŠ`mMr ZgVo. na Vw _mpmm Y_ loð>, _mpmm nj damt>- Ag _mzumè`m JQ>m Mr añë`mda CKS>r ns>umar AY dq> g_oešvr `m XoemÀ`m EH$VoMr H$~a ImoXV AgVo. {ZXm \$mpbtzr åhq>b ` Vo `mo½`m Amho - {hýxÿ ^r _Oo _ h, _wgb_mz ^r _Oo _ BÝgmZ naoemz, `hm± ^r h dhm± ^r & {Z_ i _mugm gmr>r OUy H$mhr AmO XoemV Hw$R>o OmJmM {e H$ am{hcobr Zmhr. Aem _mugm gmr>r Zm Hw$R>o C^ amhê`mmr OmJm Amho, Zm ~mobê`mm ñdmv Í`. àý Amnë`m gdmªmm Amho. AmnU Ho$di _muyg H$m hmod$ eh$v Zmhr? amoh$maur Oo H$aVrb Vo, nu EH$ ZmJ[aH$ åhuyz _mpm Y_ H$moUVm? ñdàn>, {Zð>mdmZ ì`švr {ZdS>UwH$sV havmv Am{U Jw S>{Jar H$aUmao, "AmYm Jm±d'gmaIr AX²^wV H$mX ~ar {b{humao amhr _mgy_ apm m Zr Amnë`m ì`j«vo_wio "_hm^mav' {g[a`bmo g dmx d nq>h$wm {b{hê`mg ZH$ma {Xbm hmovm. nu ~r. Ama. Mmoàm Zr àog H$m Ý\$aÝg_Ü`o apm M Zmd Omhra H$ê$Z Q>mH$b. Voìhm ^mavr` g ñh $VrMo ajh$ åhudyz KoUmè`m Zr AmH$me-nmVmi EH$ Ho$b. gdmªmm gya AgmM hmovm, ""gmao qhxÿ _obov H$m, H$s Vwåhr EH$m _wgb_mzmbm "_hm^mav' {b{hê`mmo H$m_ gmondbov?'' Mmoàm Zr Vr gd nì amhtzm nmr>dyz {Xbr. ^mavr` gä`vm Am{U g ñh $VrMo Iyn _mor>o g emoyh$ Agcoë m apm gmr>r `mnojm _mor>m An_mZ Xþgam H$moUVmhr hmod$m eh$v ZìhVm. åhuyz Ë`m Zr ~r.ama.mmoàm Zm \$moz Ho$bm- ""Mmoàmgmho~, AmVm _hm^mav _rm {b{huma...'' amhr mgy apm 75

76 AZoH$ JwÝøm gmr>r Oob_Ü`o OmD$Z Amboë`m Zm OZVm {ZdS>UwH$sV H$m qohy$z AmUVo? Ag Bamo_ e{_ bmà`m ~m~vrvm Zmhr Pmb, Va ^yvh$mimv nwéfmoîm mdi H$aXoIrb {ZdS>UwH$sV habo hmovo. _wzda amum gmè`m àkoà`m dvrzo OUy {dmmav AmhoV, H$s àom gáoz _mugm Zm H$m {ZdSy>Z XoV Zmhr? "ear\$ BÝgmZ Am{Ia Š`m BboŠeZ hma OmVm h? {H$Vm~m _ Vmo {bim Wm amdu hma OmVm h...! Amnë`m XoemV Va Zoh_rM _ {Xa AWdm _{exrnojm "~ R>H$' AWdm "X½`m 'bm _hîd {Xbo Amho; Va _J H$m ~a AmnU IoS>çmVë`mà_mUo Y_m bm KamÀ`m C ~ar>çmà`m AmV R>ody eh$v Zmhr? `m XoemMr àom ñdv:bm J Jm, `_wzm AWdm {h_mb`mmr g VmZ åhudyz KoÊ`mV Jd _mzv hmovr. ZXr, g_wð, nd V, {Xem, d j AmXr Z g{j H$ VÎdm Mr nyom H$aUmè`m àoomr gx²^md, gm hmx Am{U g{hîuwvomr CXmhaU {Xbr OmV. `owo {evcmxodrà`m nm`m ns>umao, am_brbov ^mj KoUmao, XþJ}Mr AWdm JUnVrMr _yvu ~ZdUmao, A_aZmWÀ`m n{dì qbjmmr nyom H$aUmao _wgb_mz AmhoV; Am{U Vm{O`mÀ`m bmoh$m Zm nmur nmoumao, AO_oa ear\$bm Zdg H$aUmao qh$dm gbr_ {MñVrÀ`m X½`m da Xmoam ~m YUmao qhxÿ AmhoV. `owo {es>u qh$dm Obmam_À`m dranyabm OmVmZm H$moUVmhr Y_ AmS>dm `ov Zmhr. ^dmb qh$dm Zm Q> H$s AWdm am_brbm ~KUmar àom AÝ`m`mg_moa Ý`m`, AgË`mg_moa gë`mà`m {do`mmo YS>o AZm`gmM {eh$vo. `owo ZdamÌr, hmoir qh$dm nv Jm À`m nommv amoor-amoq>r _hîdmmr hmovr, Y_ Zìho. gudma, d«vd H$ë`o, _oio, JmUr Am{U ^dmb À`m gm ojm Zr àoobm EH$m Ym½`mV ~m Yb hmov. CM ~iumè`m öx`m Zr gumdmamv ZmMUmao AmnU AMmZH$ _ZmÀ`m gh^mjm{edm` H$m ~a ~mø XoImì`m À`mV ns>bmo? H$mbn`ªV nv J CS>dÊ`mgmR>r AWdm dmidu KmbÊ`mgmR>r JmdmVbr qh$dm _mohëë`mvrb gmar N>V H$mH$s-_m_r-_mder qh$dm AmË`m Mr hmovr; nu AmVm Ag am{hb Zmhr. _wzda amum åhuvmv Vg - - `o XoIH$a nv Jo ^r h amz hmo J`r A~ Vmo N>V ^r {hýxÿ _wgb_mz hmo J`r Aem H${dVm _bm A{YH$ Mm Jbm _muyg ~Zdy eh$vmv : - Z\$aVm H$m Aga XoImo, OmZdam H$m ~Q>dmam hmo J`m Jm` {hýxÿ hmo JB Am a ~H$am _wgb_mz hmo J`m... - `o no S> `o nîmo, `o emi ^r naoemz hmo Om` AJa n[aẍo ^r {hýxÿ Am a _wgb_mz hmo Om` - gyio _oao ^r `o XoIH$a h amz hmo J`o Z OmZo H$~ Zm[a`b {hýxÿ Am a IOya _wgb_mz hmo J`o - Z _pñoxm H$mo OmZVo h Z {edmbm H$mo OmZVo h & Omo ^yio noq> hmovo h dmo {g\ $ {Zdmbm H$mo OmZVo h & hr Jmoï> {H$Vr bdh$a bjmv `ovo? Omo _muyg Cnmer Amho, Ë`mbm _ {Xa-_pñOXrMr Zmhr Va ^mh$armr Oéar AgVo. X ½`mV Á`m Mr gmè`m Am`wî`mM ñdßz Agbobr Ka AmJrV ^ñ_gmv Pmbr AgVrb, Aem bmoh$m Zm IamoIa A`moÜ`m H$moUË`m {Xeobm Amho Ë`mMr _m{hvr Var Agob H$m?... H${dVm, g JrV, {gzo_m Amnë`mbm EH$_oH$m er OmoS>VmV; EH$_oH$m À`m Odi AmUVmV. ~Km- - {Og Vah go Y_ _Oh~ Ho$ Zm_ no h_ a Jm H$mo ^r ~m±q>vo Om aho h - {H$ ham _wgb_mz H$m h Am a bmb qhxÿ H$m a J h - Vmo dmo {XZ Xÿa Zht O~ gmar H$s gmar har gpão`m± _wpñb_m H$s hmo OmEJr - Am a qhxÿam Ho$ {hñgo _ ~g Q>_mQ>a, JmOa Am a MwHw$ÝXa hr ah OmE±Jo - A~ `o g_p Zht Am ahm H$s `o Va~yO {H$gHo$ {hñgo _ Am`oJm? `o Vmo ~ommam Cna go _wgb_mz Am a A Xa go qhxÿ hr ah OmEJm - _ A_Z ng X hÿ±, _oao eha _ X Jm ahzo Xmo bmb Am a hao _ _V ~m±q>mo, _oar N>V na {Va Jm ahzo Xmo... 76

77 bwq>mê $Zm Voìhmhr H$moUVm Y_ ZìhVm; AmOhr Zmhr, Aer {eh$du _bm _mp dmmz XoV. _mp dmmz _bm g_omdv H$s, _mâ`m XoemÀ`m ñdmv Í`g J«m_mMr bmoh${à` KmofUm "BpÝH$bm~ qoxm~mx' _amr>rv ZìhVr OÝ_br. `m KmofUoMm OÝ_ CÎma àxoemv Pmbm hmovm, åhuyz XaamoO `ynrdmë`m Zm amá mvyz dm ehamvyz H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mÀ`m Jmoï>r H$aUmè`m Zr {dmma H$am`bm hdm. Amnb amï >JrV Am{U amï >JmZ XmoÝhr ~ JmbtMr ^oq> Amho... _amr>r bmoh$m Mr Zmhr. na Vw _amr>r gm{hë`mzo Am{U emór` g JrVmZo nu _mâ`m Xoembm g_ Õ Ho$b Amho. Aer OmUrd Amnë`mbm àmxo{eh$ g Hw${MVVonmgyZ Xÿa R>odVo, gd g_mdoeh$ ~Zm`bm {eh$dvo. _mp dmmz, _bm "ñd'nmgyz gdm ox`mà`m {dmmamn`ªv KoD$Z OmV. BWyZ $Vdo H$mT>Ê mà m g Hw${MVVoda hgm`bm {eh$dv. C_me H$a OmoetZr "Ho$ hrz OÝ_o Zd hrz _mzd, Ho$ hrz H$_} H$ar hrz _mzd' AWdm H$~ramMr "H$~ram Hy$dm EH$ h nm{zhmar AZoH$, ~V Z g~ Ý`mao ^`o, nmzr g~_ EH$...' Am{U Aem AWm À`m {H$Vr Var H${dVm _bm gdmªh$s>o g_ñï>rzo, gd g_mz arvrzo ~Km`bm {eh$dvmv. X{bV, ~«m U, _wpñb_, {¼íMZ qh$dm nmaer, ór qh$dm nwéf, hþema AWdm _yi, lr V dm Jar~ `m gmaio ^ox _r _mzv Zmhr, Vo Aem H${dVm Zr- Jmoï>tZr d {gzo_m Zr {Xboë`m {eh$duwh$s_wio. dox Amnë`mbm {eh$dvmv H$s, g ñh $Vr dmhë`m ZXrgmaIr Amho- {OÀ`mV H$mhr Zm H$mhr ^a ns>v AgVo. B J«Om {edm`à`m AÝ` àooz Amnë`m g ñh $Vrbm g_ ÕM Ho$b Amho. Amnë`m XoemV g ñh $Vr gx d gx²^md, g{hîuwvm Am{U g_ýd`mà`m AZwHy$b dmvmdaumz ào[av hmod$z g_ Õ hmov Ambr Amho. _r "AmJ H$m X[a`m'gmaIr H$mX ~ar dmmvo, Va Vr _bm Ho$dT> gji {eh$dvo! BWo XmIdb Amho H$s, B~«m{h_ bmoxr~amo~a ~m~a bt>bm. eoaemh~amo~a hþ_m`y bt>bm. _bm hr H$mX ~ar g_omdvo H$s, "b S>mB `m± H$^r Xmo Y_m] Ho$ ~rm Zht hmovr, dh amoz {VH$ epšv`m Ho$ ~rm hmovr h...!' "CXmg Zñbo ' H$mX ~arv AZrg åhuvmv, "Xþ{Z`m Ho$ V_m Oh~ _whã~v H$m àmma H$aVo h ; na hmovm Š`m h? Á`m {h Amn EH$ _Oh~ H$mo AnZm bovo h, AmnHo$ {Xb _ Z\$aV H$m, Ym{_ H$ njnmv H$m ~ro ~mò m OmVm h - Xÿgao V_m Oh~ Ho$ {Ibm\$, CZ V_m_ AZ{JZV g àxm`m Ho$ {Ibm\$ {OZ _ Amn em{_b Zht h... h_ Omo g H$S>mo ~agm go EH$ Xÿgao Ho$ _Oh~ H$mo H$mogVo Am`o h, EH$ Xÿga Ho$ IwXmAm H$mo Zmbm`H$ H$hVo Am`o h Am a Cgr gm g _ _whã~v H$m àmma ^r H$aVo h... Š`m `h h_mar H$_AH$br Zht h?' AgJa domhvm ZmQ>H$ "{Og bmhm a ZB Xo»`m Amo OÝ`mB ZB ' ZI{eIm V _mzdvomm ñne H$adV. AmO MhÿH$S>o VmoS>Ê`m{df`r ~mobb OmV, nu ho ZmQ>H$ OmoS>Ê`m{df`r gm JV. Xþ{Z`oVbm H$moUVmM Y_ qhgomo, Ag{hîUwVoMo g_w Z H$arV ZgVmo, hm {dmma ho ZmQ>H$ à^mdrnuo _m S>V. g nyu ZmQ>H$mV H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUr _mzdvonojm Y_m cm _mor>o Zmhr XmIdbo. _ybv: _Zwî`Ëdmg_moa Y_ -OmV-g àxm`m Mo ^ox ì`w AmhoV, Ag ho ZmQ>H$ Amnë`m Jir CVadV. Y_m er Oamhr XoU -KoU Zgbobo bmoh$ Y_m Mo R>oHo$Xma hmod$z ~gvmv, hoxoirb Ë mv Iw~rZ XmIdb Amho. H$Å>an Wr m Zm dm XheVdmÚm Zm g hmah$vo{edm` H$moUVmM Y_ ZgVmo, Ag XoIrb ho ZmQ>H$ g_omdv. _m bdr `owo Aem H$Å>an Wr nmìmbm gm JVmV, "Owë_ H$mo Owë_ go IV_ Zht H$a gh$vo... ZoH$s, eam\$v, B_mZXmar go Owë_ IV_ hmo gh$vm h... Bñbm_ Owë_ Ho$ {Ibm\$ h... Omo Owë_ H$aVm h dh _wgb_mz Zht h... BaemX h {H$ Vw_ O_rZdmbm na ah_ H$amo, Amg_mZdmbm Vw_ na ah_ H$aoJm...' ~Xbm, H$m\$a, {OhmX Aem eãxm À`m AmSy>Z Bñbm_À`m Zmdo AmYmahrZ Ûof^mdZm nga{dumè`m Zm ho ZmQ>H$ YS>m {eh$dv. `m ZmQ>H$mVrb nmì em`a Zmgra H$mP_r åhuvmo, "AmnU Zm Y_ ng V H$ê$ eh$vmo, Zm Amnë`mbm Y ng V H$aÊ`mMr g Yr XoÊ`mV `ovo. AmnU gd AmB -d{s>bm _m\ $V {_imbobm Y_ nmim`bm ~m Yrc AmhmoV.' Va {_Ìm Zmo, "{Og ~mv _ h_mar H$moB XmIb Zht h, CgHo$ {be IyZ ~hmzm H$hm± VH$ Om`O h?' _m bdr Ë`m XheVdmXr nmìmbm åhuvmv, ""gdmªzm Amnmnë`m arvrzo àmw Zm H$am`Mm Am{U Amnmnë`m na_oídammo ñ au H$aÊ mmm nyu A{YH$ma Amho. "hxrg'_ü`o ñnï> {b{hb Amho, "Vw_ Xþgam Ho$ IwXmAm H$mo ~yam Zm H$hmo, Vm{H$ dh Vwåhmao IwXm H$mo ~yam Z H$ho& 77

78 Vw_ Xÿgam Ho$ _Oh~ H$mo ~yam Z H$hmo, Vm{H$ dh Vwåhmao _Oh~ H$mo ~yam Z H$ho...' bmhmoa_ü`o EH$_od am{hboë`m EH$m qhxÿ ~mb À`m _ Ë`yZ Va gd _wgb_mz "am_ Zm gv² h `hr g~ H$s JV h...' OnV amdr ZXrn`ªV {Vbm ZoD$Z qhxÿ {dyrà_muo A {V_ {Zamon XoVmV...'' Aem KQ>Zm Amnë`mbm nañnam er OmoS>Ê`mM H$m_ H$aVmV. ^rî_ ghmztà m "H$~ram I S>m ~moma _...' m ZmQ>H$mV H$~ramÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo ZmQ>H$H$ma Va Vw_À`m- _mâ`m H$mimM M ^mî` H$arV Amho. VWmH${WV Y_ Jwê $Mm Ìmg, X{bVm damo AË`mMma, gîmmyrem Mr Mmnbwgr `m _Ü`o H$~ra a Xmgbm {dmmavmo, "H$moB Eogm Y_m Mma Zht Omo BÝgmZ H$mo BÝgmZ Ho$ gmw OmoS>o? g^r BÝgmZ H$mo BÝgmZ H$go AbJ H$aVo h, EH$ Xÿgao Ho$ Xþî_Z ~ZmVo h...' H$~ramMm VH $ gmym-gmonm Amho H$s- Oa _hmxod dm _whå_x_ü`o H$moUVm ^ox Zgob, Va qhxÿ- _wgb_mzmv ^ox Hw$Ry>Z {Z_m U Pmbm? ~«m U Agob H$s X{bV... gdmªmm Xoh gmaimm Amho- OÝ_, d ÕmdñWm Am{U _ Ë`y gdmªmm gmaimm Amho; Va _J Ë m À mv ^ox Ambm Hw$Ry>Z? H$_ H$m S> H$aUmè m Zm H$~ra åhuvmo, "_mo H$mo H$hm± Ty> T>o ~ Xo, _ Vmo Voao nmg _, Zm _ {Xa _, Zm _pñox _, Zm H$m~o H $bmg _ Zm Vmo H$m Zm {H«$`m H$_ _, Zm hr OmoJ g Ý`mg ImoOr hmò o Vmo Vwa V {_b OmD±$, nb ^a H$s Vbme _... H$hV H$~ra gwzmo ^mb gmymo, _ Vmo hÿ± {dídmg _...' _w m Mr ~m J EoHy$Z H$~rambm àý ns>vmo- "MtQ>r Ho$ nj Zonya ~moo gmo ^r gm{h~ gwzvm h ' Va _J _{exrda MTy>Z ~m J XoÊ`mMr Ia M Oê$a Amho? na Vw H$~ramM åhuu g_oyz KoÊ`mEodOr Ë mà`m Kambm AmJ bmdyz XoUmao AmOhr Hw$R>o H$mhr YS>m {eh$bo AmhoV? åhuyzm Aer ZmQ>H $, H${dVm, H$mX ~è`m Vrb H$Wm Amnë`mbm nwz:nwýhm gm Jm`bm hì`mv. H$_boídam Mr "{H$VZo nm{h$ñvmz' H$mX ~ar Amnë`mbm g_omdvo H$s- "O~ VH$ Y_, Zñb, Om{V Am a Xþ{Z`m H$s nhbr epšv ~ZZo H$m Zem Zht VyQ>Vm, O~ VH$ gîmm Am a dm ñd H$s hdg Zht VwQ>Vr... V~ VH$ Bg YaVr na nm{h$ñvmz ~Zm`o OmZo H$s Z e g na nam Omar ahojr...' Ym{_ H$ Ag{hîUwVm, K Um, H$Å>a OmVr dmx,, d a^md, qhgm, Ûof BË`mXtda AmYm[aV {dmma AWdm H$ënZobm Vo "nm{h$ñvmz' åhuv AmhoV; Oo Xoem Zm VmoS>VmV, g ñh $VrMm {dzme H$aVmV... OmVr VoÀ m A YH$mamda {b{hbobr ^rî_ ghmztmr "V_g' hr H$mX ~ar {VMm {dðÿn Moham XmIdÊ`m~amo~aM gîmoà`m Xþï>MH«$m~amo~arÀ`m {VÀ`m g ~ Ym Mm nu C oi H$aVo. OmVr` X ½`m _mjmr _mz{gh$vm "V_g' g_omdvo. gma Am`wî` eoomar åhuyz amhumaom EH$_oH$m Mo Jio H$go H$m` H$mny eh$vmv? Vo Ag H$ê$ eh$vmv; H$maU Ë`m Mo ZoVo Ë`m À`m S>moŠ`mV Y_m M, ñdv:cm loð>ëdmmr AmoiI XoUma ^yv ^a{dvmv. ho ^yv Ë`m Zm Ag H$mhr Am Yi H$ê$Z Q>mH$V H$s, evh$mzwevh $ EH$moß mz amhumè`m g ñh $VrMm {dga ns>m`bm bmjvmo. X ½`mÀ`m doir Ooìhm gah$ma S>moio {_Qy>Z KoVo, VWmH${WV Y_m Mo ajh$ _ XmZmV CVaVmV; Voìhm Ho$dT>r {~H$Q> n[apñwvr C^r amhvo, `mm H$mna ^aduma du Z "V_g'_Ü`o Ho$b Amho. "V_g' OmUrd H$ê$Z XoV H$s- OZVocm Ooìhm gîmomr g VmZr Mmb g_ov Zmhr, Voìhm {VÀ`m CÝ_mXmnwT>o {VMm {ddoh$ nam^yv hmovmo. g{hîuwvm d gx²^mdzocm OmVr VoMm A YH$ma PmH$moiyZ Q>mH$Vmo. ñdmv Í`mnyduÀ`m ^`mdh dmvmdaumm du Z H$aVmZm boih$ EH$m gë`mda ^ma XoVmo H$s, Or OZVm Amnë m B{VhmgmVyZ H$mhr YS>m {eh$v Zmhr, Vr A YH$mamVM amhvo Am{U Vmo B{Vhmg nwz:nwýhm OJV amhvo. X ½`mMr dmdq>i em V Pmë`mda {VÀ`m H$m` ñdê$nr IwUm mjo gmos>vo. n[apñwvr nyd dv² hmovo, nu dñvrvrb \o$a~xb hmovm amhvmv. _mohëë`m _Ü`o AmIbr Jobobr AÑí aofm nwgbr OmV Zmhr. AmnU AmO Oo "KoQ>moZm`PoeZ' ~KV AmhmoV, Ë`mMr gwédmv {H$Vr nydunmgyz gwê$ Pmbr hmovr, Vo "V_g' g_omdv. åhuyzm H$_boída åhuvmv, "_mby_ Zht {H$VZo nm{h$ñvmz ~Z J`o, EH$ nm{h$ñvmz ~ZZo Ho$ gmw gmw! H$hm± H$hm± H $go H $go, g~ ~mv CbPH$a ah J`t... gwbpm Vmo Hw$N> ^r Zht...' OJmVrb gdm {YH$ `wõo Y_m À`m ZmdmImcr Pmbr AmhoV. Y_m gmr>r _aumè`m Mr g»`m _moovm `ob b Ag Zmhr. Y_mªZr g ñh $VrMm Zoh_r {dzmem Ho$bm Amho. 78

79 OJmbm Mma nmdb _mjom T>H$ccob Amho. H$_boída "{H$VZo nm{h$ñvmz' _Ü`o åhuvmv, ""`h R>har hþb g{x`m± Omo bmim H$amoS>m ~ag nhb Mbr Wt, na dhm± nhþ±mr, Ohm± go do Mbr Wr, ~rm ~rm _ CÝh _Oh~ Ho$ n S>md {_bo Am a CZ ns>mdm Zo {\$a CÝh {~`m~mz (dramu) ao{jñvmz _ nhþ±mm {X`m... Ohm± go do Mbr Wr!'' Y_ Am{U g ñh $Vr EH$ ZmhrV. g ñh $Vr AZwXma Zìho, Va CXma AgVo Am{U OJÊ`mMm CËgd gmoam Agmo H$s ~m{_`mzmm ~wõ Agmo... gmo_zmwm _ {Xa Agmo H$s AmOhr nm{h$ñvmz- ~m ½mbmXoemVrb VmoS>br OmUmar _ {Xa AgmoV... Vmo "dm Q>a' {gzo_mmm goq> Agmo AWdm "g Q>o{ZH$ ìhgo g'gmair H$mX ~ar Agmo... gm{hë`, {MÌ, ñwmnë` qh$dm {gzo_m m Ñï>rZ {Vbm ~Ky Z eh$umao, Z g_oumao, Y_m {df`r IamoIa H$mhrM Z OmUUmao Y_mªYM Zoh_r Aer VmoS>\$moS> H$arV AgVmV. åhuyz H$_boída gm JVmV, Vo Ia M Amho. "em`x Xþ{Z`m Ho$ ha Y_ H$mo AnZr Y_m ÝYVm go b S>Zm Am a {OVZm n S>oJm&' Y_m À`m ZmdmZo _ {Xa-_pñOX, _yvu, MM qh$dm {na {_S>- H$mhr nu VmoS>Ê`mgmR>r gagmdumè`m hmvm Zm B{VhmgH$ma amoivmo. Vmo åhuvmo, "gwzmo, `hm± g{x`m± ~mobvr h... O~ VH$ AnZo nwamvz I S>ham H$mo Vw_ ß`ma Zht H$amoJo, V~ VH$ ^{dî` H$mo I S>ha hmozo go Zht ~Mm nmamojo...! `o _ {Xa, _pñox, {JaOmKa Am a {na {_S>... dh OJh h Ohm± V_m_ gä`vme± H $Yo go H $Ym {_bme _m OyX h... `h gmar {damgv h_ ~VmVr h {H$ AmO h_ {OVZo g_pxma h dh BÝht Ho$ H$maU h...' åhuyzm gm JVo H$s, H$bm _mugmbm A{YH$ Mm Jbm, g_oyvxma ^rî ghmzr H$aVo. ^mavr` g ñh $Vr Va Zoh_rM gd g_mdoeh$m am{hbr Amho, åhuyzm AmO Amnë`mbm A{YH$ qmvm dmq>m`bm hdr. gmè`m OJmV H$bm Zr Zì`m g ñh $VtZm OÝ_ {Xbm Amho, Ë`m M nmofu Ho$b Amho. VmoS>b H$mhrM Zmhr. hmò, Y_m À`m ZmdmZo AmnU OJ^amVë`m CÎm_ H$bmH $Vr VmoS>ë`m AmhoV, Omië`m AmhoV. _J Vr amom adr d_mªmr {MÌ AgmoV H$s E_. E\$. hþgozmr... Vr ñnozmr _pñoxo-j«ozos>m Agmo, A`moÜ`oMr ~m~ar pñox 79

80 _muyg ~ZdVo. CÎmamY EH$ àý {dmmê$? ^mfm, àxoe qh$dm Y_m À`m ZmdmZo dma dma bt>umao AmnU gd _ram, H$~ra, VwbgrXmg, _ra, Jm{b~, Om H$, _mo{ Z, BH$~mb, gm{ha, _Oê$h, eh$sb, H $\$, eha`ma, _ Q>mo, Aã~mg, h Xa qh$dm Bñ_Vbm dmmvmzm CñVmX A mcôrz Im±, ~ S>o Jwbm_Abr Im±, {~pñ_ m Im±, {dbm`v Im±, Zm emx qh$dm I æ`m_m g JrV EoH$VmZm.. Ho$. Amgr\$, _oh~y~imz, H$_mb A_amohr, Zmgra hþgoz AWdm BpåV`mP Abr `m Zr ~Z{dbobo {gzo_o ~KVmZm... _whå_x a\$s, VbV _oh yx, gwa æ`m, ZyaOhm±, e_emx qh$dm _w~mah$ ~oj_ `m Zm EoH$V AgVmZm... `wgy\$ ImZ, Am_ra ImZ, emhéi ImZ qh$dm _Yw~mbm, ZJug dm Vã~y `m Zm ~KVmZm ju^a Var Ë`m Mm Y_ qh$dm OmVr{df`r {dmma H$aVmo H$m? APha, Phra, H $\$ qh$dm em_r Ymdm H$mT>VmV, {dho$q> KoVmV; Voìhm Ë`m _mâ`m XoemÀ`m ImË`mVM O_m hmovmv Zm? E. Ama. aho_mz Ooìhm "_m± VwPo gbm_' JmVmV, bvmor "E _oao dvz Ho$ bmojm ' JmVmV AWdm _wh _X a\$s "H$a Mbo h_ {\$Xm OmZmo VZ...' JmVmV; Voìhm Amnë`m gdmªà`m A Jmda H$mQ>o C^o amhvmv Zm? ho EoH$Umao \$ŠV ^mavr`m AgVmV; Ë`m Mm H$moUVmhr Y_ ZgVmo, H$moUVmhr àxoe ZgVmo... aoh_mzà`m ñdam H$Zmda S>mobUmao AWdm OmdoX A»Va qh$dm JwbOmam À`m H${dVm da "dmhdm' AWdm "ìdm!' CX²JmaUmè`m gdmªmr H$moUVrhr OmV, Y_ qh$dm àmxo{eh$vm ZgVo. `mmm AW hmm hmovmo H$s, OZVobm ~m YyZ R>odUma H$bonojm _O~yV Xþga H$mhr Zmhr. {~pñ_ m Im± amoo _ {XamV Joë`mZ VaM J JoÀ`m KmQ>mda [a`mo H$arV AgV. CñVmX A mcôrz Im± `m Zm AIoaÀ`m H$mimV AmOmanUm_wio S>m ŠQ>am Zr {~N>mÝ`mVyZ CR>m`bm _ZmB Ho$br hmovr, na Vw Vo EoH$V ZgV. H$maU ImobrV Xodr-XodVm Mo \$moq>mo hmovo. Ë`m Mm An_mZ H$gm H$am`Mm? "AmYm Jm±d'gmaIr AX²^wV H$mX ~ar {b{humao amhr _mgy_ apm m Zr Amnë`m ì`j«vo_wio "_hm^mav' {g[a`bmo g dmx d nq>h$wm {b{hê`mg ZH$ma {Xbm hmovm. nu ~r. Ama. Mmoàm Zr àog H$m Ý\$aÝg_Ü`o apm M Zmd Omhra H$ê$Z Q>mH$b. Voìhm ^mavr` g ñh $VrMo ajh$ åhudyz KoUmè`m Zr AmH$menmVmi EH$ Ho$b. gdmªmm gya AgmM hmovm, ""gmao qhxÿ _obov H$m, H$s Vwåhr EH$m _wgb_mzmbm "_hm^mav' {b{hê`mmo H$m_ gmondbov?'' Mmoàm Zr Vr gd nì amhtzm nmr>dyz {Xbr. ^mavr` gä`vm Am{U g ñh $VrMo Iyn _mor>o g emoyh$ Agcoë m apm gmr>r `mnojm _mor>m An_mZ Xþgam H$moUVmhr hmod$m eh$v ZìhVm. åhuyz Ë`m Zr ~r.ama.mmoàm Zm \$moz Ho$bm- ""Mmoàmgmho~, AmVm _hm^mav _rm {b{huma... _ J JmH$m ~oq>m hÿ±. _wpgo Á`mXm qhxwñvmzr gä`vm Am a g ñh $Vr H$mo H$m Z OmZVm hmojm?'' Am{U n[aum_ AmnU gdmªzr nm{hbmm Amho. apm Mm _wbjm ZXr_Zo à{gõ nm nqgja nmd Vr _hmamom ~amo~a {ddmh Ho$bm, Voìhm apm Zr nmd Vrbm AQ> KmVbr- "Y_ Z ~XbÊ`mMr.' Ë`m Zr nmd Vrbm Añ_m dm Am`oem Zmhr ~Zdbr, nmd VrM amhÿ {Xb... na Vw Vr "nmd Vr ImZ' {bhÿ bmjbr Am{U Amnë`m gdmªà`m ^mdzm XþImdë`m! H$moU OmUo, ^mdzm Zm AmVm XþIÊ`m{edm` H$mhr H$m_M {e H$ am{hb Zgmd! XÿaXe ZZo 7 Am ³Q>mo~a 1987 À`m EH$m nìmýd`o "ZB {XemE±'À`m àmos>çygazm nmd VrÀ`m ZmdmnwT>M "ImZ' H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mMr gymzm {Xbr. Va, ho Ago AmhmoV AmnU! apm Mr qmvm Iar R>abr, Or Ë`m Zr Ë`m Mr AX²^wV H$mX ~ar "AmYm Jm d'_ü`o ì`šv Pmbr Amho, "^mavmv ^mavr`m Mr g»`m H$_r Pmbr Am{U qhxÿ, _wgb_mz, eri, {¼íMZ dmt>bo Va `m XoemM H$m` hmob b?' `m H$mX ~arûmao apm EH$ Iyn _hîdmmr Jmoï> g_omdvmv H$s, Y_m da AmYm[aV amï >dmx Ooìhm Ooìhm _`m Xm Amobm S>Vmo, Voìhm Voìhm n[aum_ Zoh_rM "Q > {OH$'M hmov AgVmV; _J Vo {hq>baà`m gm ñh ${VH$ amï >dmxmmr n[auvr åhuyz H$m ÝgoQ >oez H $ån AgmoV AWdm 1947M ^mav-{d^moz Agmo. Y_m nojm g ñh $VrM XoemÀ m OrdZmV A{YH$ _hîdmm ñwmz AgV Ag ÑT>VoZo gm JUmao, ñdv:bm J JoMm nwì åhudumao, Xoe^amVrb Y_mªYm g_moa {h_vrz {bhrv am{hbobo apm åhuvmv, _oam Zm wgb_mzm O gm h _wp H$mo H$Ëb H$amo Am a _oao Ka _ AmJ bjm Xmo 80

81 _oao Cg H$_ao H$mo byq>mo {Og _ _oar ~`mzo OmJ ahr h Am a _ {Og _ Vwbgr H$s am_m`u go gajmoer H$aVo H$m{bXmg Ho$ _okxÿv go `h H$hVm hÿ± _oam ^r EH$ g Xoe h, _oam Zm wgb_mzm O gm h _wp H$mo H$Ëb H$amo Am a _oao Ka _ AmJ bjm Xmo bo{h$z _oar aj aj _ J Jm H$m nmzr Xm S> ahm h _oao bhÿ go Mw z ^ah$a _hmxod Ho$ _w±h na \ $H$mo Am a Cg OmoJr go `h H$h Xmo _hmxod- A~ Bg J Jm H$mo dmng bo bmo h Obrb VwH$m] Ho$ ~XZ _ JmT>m J_ bhÿ ~ZH$a Xm S> ahr h... Va, ^mavr` _wpñb_mzm M H${dVoÛmam Ho$bob ho {dymz Amho... Á`mÀ`m ZgmZgm VyZ J JoM nmur dmhv Amho, Omo ñdv:bm "J JoMm nwì' åhuv Amho; Ë`mÀ`m ^mavr`ëdm{df`r e H$m KoUmè`m bmoh$m Mm H$bm er XÿamÝd`mZohr g ~ Y ZgVmo. gm{hë` Am{U {gzo_m H$Xm{MV gm_m{oh$ gm hmxm gmr>r gdmªv A{YH$ à^mdembr H$bm Amho. OZVoÀ`m Iyn _mor>çm {híí`mgmr>r {gzo_m IynM à^mdembr _mü`_ Amho. _r XmoZ {gzo_m Mm WmoS>Š`mV C oi H$aVo. EH$ 1973 _Ü`o ^mavmv {Z_m U Pmbobm "J_ hdm' Am{U Xþgam 2015 _Ü`o nm{h$ñvmzmv ~Zbobm "IwXm Ho$ {be'. ^mavr` {gzo_mà`m B{VhmgmV b±s>_mh $ R>aboë m "J_ hdm'mo {X½Xe H$ E_. Eg. gïwy B {S>`Z nrnëg {WEQ>a Agmo{gEeZer (IPTA BßQ>m) OrdZ^a g c¾ am{hbo. gm_m{oh$ Am{U amoz {VH$ ì`dñwov Y_m À`m hñvjonm_wio H$go XméU n[aum_ hmod$ eh$vmv, Ë`mMm `m {gzo_mzo OUy Amnë`mbm AmYrM Bemam {Xbm hmovm. {gzo_m À`m gwédmvrbmm H $\$s AmP_tÀ`m AmdmOmV Ë`m MrM EH$ ZÁ_ H$mZmda `ovo - VH$gr_ hmo J`m _wëh$ Vmo {Xb hmo J`o Qw>H$ S>o, ha grzo _ Vw\$mZ dhm± ^r Wm `hm± ^r JrVm H$s H$moB gwzvm Zm Hw$aAmZ H$s gwzvm h amz Wm B _mz dhm± ^r Wm `hm± ^r amï >dmxr _wpñb_m Zr J ^ra Bemam {Xbm, Varhr _wpñb_ brjzo nm{h$ñvmzmr _mjur gmos>br Zmhr. n[aum_r, Á`m Zm H$Yr nm{h$ñvmzmv Om`M ZìhV, Á`m Zm H$Yr \$miur ZH$mo hmovr, Á`m Zm Jm YrOtda Iyn ^adgm hmovm; Ago bmimo bmoh$ EH$m amìrv nm{h$ñvmzr Pmbo. "J_ hdm' nbm`z Zìho, Va g Kfm {df`r gm JVmo, {hoaveodor ^mavmv amhê`mmm {ZYm a ì`šv H$aVmo. {demb hdobrv Hw$Qw> ~-H${~ë`mV amhumam gbr_ {_Pm (~bamo ghmzr) Amnë`mM XoemV hiyhiy EH$Q>m ns>v OmVmo. Hw$Qw> ~mvbo bmoh$ nm{h$ñvmzmv {ZKyZ OmVmV. hdobr gmos>mdr bmjvo. H$moUr Ka XoV Zmhr, ~±H$ H$O XoV Zmhr, Y Xm agmvimbm OmVmo. Amnë`mM O{_Zrda Amnë`m {nt>çmz²{nt>çm À`m XoemV _muyg H$gm EH$Q>m nsy>z OmVmo, Vo `owo gm_m{oh$ g X^m g{hv gm {JVb Amho. Xoe^ŠV _wgb_mzmà m bmmma Am{U Km`mi Pmboë`m ñdm{^_mzmm àvrh$ ~Zboë`m {_Pm bm àojh$ H$Yr {dgê$ eh$uma ZmhrV. \$miurz VaÀ`m ^mavmv {I r CS>{dë`m Joboë`m àë`oh$ _wgb_mzmmr \$ŠV "{_`m±' hrm AmoiI {e H$ am{hbr. nm{h$ñvmz _mjumao Va {ZKyZ Jobo Ë`m À`m {haì`m P S>çmÀ`m N>m`oV, ^«m_h$ gwi-g_voà`m àxoemv; nu _wpñb_ Xoe, _mvr Am{U Ë`m V éoboë`m nmim_wim À`m _mohmv Oo Jobo ZmhrV, Vo gmao ñdv:à`mm XoemV naho$ Pmbo. e Ho$Mr gwb gvv Ë`m À`mda amoibobrm am{hbr. Ë`m À`mda "JÔma'Mr {edr Ww H$VM am{hbr. Am{W H$ ÑîQ>çm ZoñVZm~yV Pmbobr, gm_m{oh$ ÑîQ>çm EH$m ~moybm T>H$bbr Jobobr hr OmV _mz{gh$arë`m nu H$m`_ hv~cvov T>H$bbr OmVo. {gzo_mmm A V AWm VM XmIdVmo H$s- ^mavr` _wgb_mzm À`m g_ñ`m M CÎma Zm nbm`zmv Amho, Zm ehm_ Jrd Îmr_Ü`o. OmV-Y_ {Zanoj gm_m{oh$ g amzoà`m gmw H$ à`ëzm ZrM `m g_ñ`m gwq>vrb, Ag eodq>r gwmdb Amho. gwédmvrbm `oumè`m H $\$s AmP_tÀ`m Amoir dmhë`m OI_m M gymz H$aVmV. eodq>à`m Amoir OI_ ~wodê`mmm _mj XmIdVmV- Ymao _ Omo {_b OmAmoJo ~Z OmAmoJo Ymam `o dšv H$m EobmZ dhm± ^r h, `hm± ^r... hm {gzo_m EH$ Jmoï> ñnï>nuo gwmdv Amho H$s- ^mavr` _wgb_mzm À`m gbj B{VhmgmV \$miurz {Z_m U Ho$bobr hr Xar gm m{oh$ EH$VoZoM gm Ybr OmB b. Y_m À`m Zmdo, na nam À`m Zmdo {Z{_ boë`m 81

82 g Hw${MV, gm àxm{`h$ H$m S>mù`m _YyZ OZVocm/ g momcm ~mhoa `m`bmm bmjob. Y_m nojm gd g mdoeh$ g ñh $Vr A{YH$ _hîdmmr Amho. ghordzmmm gwj Y, A V:H$aUo OmoSy>Z EH$ê$n Pmbobr JmUr A{YH$ _hîdmmr AmhoV, ho àë`oh$ ^mavr`mz g_oyz m`bm hd. evh$mzwevh$m nmgyz ghordzmzo Zm XV> Agbocr "J Jm-O_wZm' g ñh $Vr Aer J_dm`Mr Zgob, OmVr d _Zñ`mda Cnm hdm Agob; Va `m XmoÝhr g mom Zr ^yvh$mi {dgê$z EH$Ì amhm`bm {eh$b nm{hoo. H$maU Xmohmo Mohr X Z {XZ OrdZmVrc àý, AS>MUr, JaOm EH$gma»`mM AmhoV. ^mfm Am{U g ñh $VrXoIrb EH$M Amho. Va _J Y_m À`m Zmdo bt>ê`mv H$m` \$m`xm? nm{h$ñvmzr {X½Xe H$ emoe~ _ÝgyaMr {\$ë_ "IwXm Ho$ {be' g ^mfum{edm`, AmH«$ñVmù m> g dmxm {edm` EH$ YmaXma nm {b{q>h$b Am{U gmoeb ñq>oq>_ Q> hmod$ eh$br. _mjrc H$mhr XeH$m nmgyz g_j«{díd Á`m Ádb V àým Mr Zm X XoV Amho, Vr XheVdmXr {dmmagaur `owo _w»` {df` Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a {ó`m À`m _yb^yv h $m À`m àýmbmxoirb Jw $c Amho. Bñbm_ ór{damoyr Zmhr, g JrV AWdm AÝ` H$bm Mm {damoyr Zmhr, {OhmXMm AW AmV H$ dm g hma Agm _wirm Zmhr- Ag BWo CXmhaU Am{U MMmªVyZ {gõ Pmb Amho. Bñbm_À`m ZmdmZo AmYmahrZ \$Vdo H$mT>Umao A{e{jV _w m Y_m À`m ZmdmImcr H$em arvrzo OZVoMr {Xem^yb H$aVmV, Ë`m{df`r hm {gzo_m {Z^ `nuo {dymz H$aVmo. nwamê m ar{v[admomv gs>v amhu ng V H$aUmè`m Zr hm {gzo_m Z MwH$Vm ~Kmdm. gma OJ MwH$sM Am{U \$ŠV AmnU Iao Aem ^«_mv Jwa\$Q>bobo, ñdv:mm Y_ M loð> _mzumao, BVam Zm H${Zð> qh$dm H$m\$a AWdm åbo ÀN> _mzumè`m V_m_ bmoh$m Zr hm {gzo_m ~Kmdm. _wpñb_ OmVrbm (AWdm H$moUË`mhr) AkmZmV R>odÊ`mV n[apñwvr{edm` Ë`m À`m `m Y_ Jwê $Mm nu nwaonya gh^mj Amho, Vo hm {gzo_m ñnï>nuo XmIdVmo. \$ŠV XmT>r Am{U Q>monrV AS>H$boë`m Bñbm_daVr Q>rH$m H$aUmao _m bmzm dbr (Z{géÔrZ emh) ^a H$moQ>m V gm JVmV, "XrZ _ XmT>r h ^ `m, XmT>r _ XrZ (Y_ ) Zht h...' Amnbr {\$ë_r JmUrXoIrb gm hmx gmyê`mgmr>r Iyn _mor>r _XV H$ê$ eh$vmv, CXmhaUmW - Vy {hýxÿ ~ZoJm Z _wgb_mz ~ZoJm BÝgmZ H$s Am bmx h BÝgmZ ~ZoJm Z\$aV Omo {gime dh Ya_ Voam Zht h BÝgmZ H$mo am Xo dh H$X_ Voam Zht h Hw$am Z Z hmo {Og_ dh _ {Xa Zht Voam JrVm Z hmo {Og_ dh ha_ Voam Zht h... OmVr_wio, gm_m{oh$ pñwvr_wio haboë`m-wh$boë`m àë`oh$ _mugmbm gm{hamo ho JmUo EH$m Zì`m AmeoH$S>o Zmhr KoD$Z OmV? nwýhm VmR> hmod$z bt>umam \$ŠV _muygm Agob; Ë`mMm Y_ ^bo H$moUVmhr Agmo. dmo gw~h H$^r Vmo Am`oJr & dmo gw~h H$^r Vmo Am`oJr& BZ H$mbr g{x`m Ho$ ga go O~ amv H$m Am±Mb T>bHo$Jm O~ Xþ:I Ho$ ~mxb {nkb Jo, O~ gwi H$m gmja N>bHo$Jm O~ A ~a Py_ Ho$ ZmMoJm, O~ YaVr ZJ_ Jm`oJr dmo gw~h H$^r Vmo Am`oJr & Jm YrOtZr qhxÿ-_wpñb_m _Yë`m g ~ Ym {df`r 1908 _Ü`o {b{hb hmov, "gd OU Amnmnë`m Y_m M Ia ñdê$n g_oyz Ë`mbm {MH$Qy>Z amhvrb Am{U emór-_w m Zm _Yo nsy> {Xb Zmhr, Va ^m S>U H$aUmè`m M Vm S> H$mi M amhrb...' qhxÿ Oa Ag _mzvrb H$s gmam qhxþñvmz qhxÿ ZrM ^abobm Agmdm, Va Vo ñdßzm Amho. _wgb_mz Oa Ag _mzvrb H$s Ë`mV \$ŠV _wgb_mzm amhvrb, Va VoXoIrb ñdßzm g_omd. OJmÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mjmv EH$ àoomm AW EH$ Y_ Agm Ho$bm Jobm Zmhr, qhxþñvmzmv Agm AW H$Yrhr ZìhVm. Voìhm àom åhuyz AmnU EdT> g_oyz KoD$ `m H$s, Amnë`m gdmªmm Y_ dojim Agy eh$vmo, Xoe d g ñh $Vr Va Amnë`m gdmªmr EH$M Amho Am{U Y_m nojm Xoe d g ñh $Vr XmoÝhr loð> AmhoV, Va Amncm w» àízm { Q>oc. nu hm, _J gîmmyrem À`m XþH$mZm Zm Hw$bn bmjvrb. H$maU OZVm EH$ Pmbr Va gîmmyrem Mr Pmon CSy>Z OmB b _Ü`o Ag M Pmb hmov Zm? B{Vhmg gmjr Amho H$s, H$bm Zr Amnë`mbm OmoS>b Amho Am{U 82

83 gîmmyrem Zr VmoS>b Amho. gîmmyrem Zm (Ë`m Mm nj H$moUVmhr Agmo) OZVm Amnmngm V bt>v amhmdr, `mvm ag AgVmo. VmoS>m`Mr ešvr, Omim`Mr ešvr, bt>m`mr ešvr OZVoV dm g momv H$Yr AgV Zmhr, Vr gîmmyrem À`mV AgVo Am{U Vo g mom Zm bt>dê`mgmr>r Y_m Mm, OmVrMm hë`mamgmaim Cn`moJ H$aVmV. {ZXm \$mobr åhuvmv, _oao- Voao Mwëhm _ Vmo BVZr AmJ Zht Wr {Oggo gmam eha Obm h, H$moB nam_ hmojm... EImÚm njmà`m P S>çm{edm` _moh m qh$dm eha OiV ZgVmV. OÝ_ Am{U _ Ë`y, d ÕËd Am{U ì`myr Oa gdmªà`m gma»`mm AgVrb. Oa OÝ_ Hw$R>o `m`mm hr Amnë`m Hw$UmÀ`m hmvmvbr Jmoï> Zmhr. Va _J Cƒ-ZrMVoMm ^ox H$m åhuyz? H$moUr ~«m U H$m Am{U H$moUr eyð H$m? go ZH$Ë`m Zo Va Agm ^ox Ho$bobm Zmhr; Va _J H$m ~a AmnU g Hw${MV dvw imv AS>H$V AmhmoV? Oam ZOa Va Q>mH$m, `m XoemÀ`m d {dü`mda. Jm{b~bm JwOamVr ^mfov JwOamVr AZw^dob Am[U Á`m Zm CXÿ `ov Agob Vo CXÿ ^mfov... ^mfm H$moUVrhr Agmo "Jm{b~' Va VmoM nm{h$ñvmzr {X½Xe H$ emoe~ _ÝgyaMr {\$ë_ "IwXm Ho$ {be' g ^mfum{edm`, AmH«$ñVmù m> g dmxm {edm` EH$ YmaXma nm {b{q>h$b Am{U gmoeb ñq>oq>_ Q> hmod$ eh$br. _mjrc H$mhr XeH$m nmgyz g_j«{díd Á`m Ádb V àým Mr Zm X XoV Amho, Vr XheVdmXr {dmmagaur `owo _w»` {df` Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a {ó`m À`m _yb^yv h $m À`m àýmbmxoirb Jw $c Amho. Bñbm_ ór{damoyr Zmhr, g JrV AWdm AÝ` H$bm Mm {damoyr Zmhr, {OhmXMm AW AmV H$ dm g hma Agm _wirm Zmhr- Ag BWo CXmhaU Am{U MMmªVyZ {gõ Pmb Amho. Bñbm_À`m ZmdmZo AmYmahrZ \$Vdo H$mT>Umao A{e{jV _w m Y_m À`m ZmdmImcr H$em arvrzo OZVoMr {Xem^yb H$aVmV, Ë`m{df`r hm {gzo_m {Z^ `nuo {dymz H$aVmo. IwXm Ho$ {ce 83

84 amhuma. n Om~r ~mobumam _wpñb_ CXÿ {bnrv {b{hvmo, n Om~r qhxÿ qhxrv {b{hvmo Am{U n Om~r eri Jwé_wIrV {b{hvmo. nu dm[ag emhmr "hra' Va {VKohr EH$gma»`mM ào_mzo JmVmV. `mmm AW M hm H$s- H$bm, ^mfm cmoh$m Zm OmoS>VmV. ^mfobm H$moUVmM Y_ ZgVmo. åhuyz aoe_mgma»`m _wbm`_, JmoS>, diuxma CXÿ bm AmnU O~aXñVrZ _wgb_mz ~Zdbr H$m? Voìhm {_Ìm Zmo... Hw$UmMr em`ar, Hw$UmM JrV, H$moUmÀ`m a JaoIm, Va Hw$UmMm gya, Hw$UmMr ehzmb Va Hw$UmMwr ~mgar, Hw$UmMo Kw Jê$ Va Hw$UmMm V~bm, Hw$UmMr gamox Va Hw$UmMr drum, Hw$UmM {eën Va Hw$UmM ñwmnë` `m Xoembm- Amnë`m gdmªzm EH$VoÀ`m VmaoZ ~m YV. amoh$s` AWdm Ym{_ H$ ZoVm \$ŠV Ë mà`m {dmmamà`m bmoh$m Zm OmoS>Vmo, na Vw H$bm Va gd cmoh$m Zm EH$m Ym½`mV ~m YVo. Ë`mM H$maU Amho H$s, H$bmH$mambm Amnë`m H$bo{edm` H$moUVm Y_ ZgVmo. Ë`mMm B œa gd ì`mnr AgVmo. Jm{b~ åhuyzm Va åhuy eh$bo - Om{hX eam~ nrzo Xo _pñox _ ~ R> H$a `m dmo OJh ~Vm Xo Ohm± IwXm Zht& Y_m}nXoeH$m ZmXoIrb Jm{b~ åhuyzm Va \ $bmda KoD$ eh$co AgVrb Zm? dm{hx> (Y_m onxoeh$) Voar XþAm±Amo _ Aga hmo Vmo _pñox {hbm Ho$ {XIm Zht Vmo Xmo Ky±Q> nr, Am a _pñox H$mo {hbvm XoI... AmnU ^mfobm nu Y_m À`m a JmZo a J{dbo. CXÿ gma»`m JmoS> ^mfobm _wgb_mzr g_oyz naxoemv nmr>dê`mà`m _yi num_wio ZwH$gmZ AmnboM Pmbo Amho. amhr _mgy_ apm À`m "AmYm Jm±d' H$mX ~arvrb EH$ nmì åhuv, "Vwåhr Va CXÿ bmxoirb _wgb_mzr ~ZdbrV; AmVm {Vbm nm{h$ñvmzmv nmr>dmb?' ^mfobm H$moUVm Y_ ZgVmo. ^mfm VmoS>Umar Zmhr, OmoS>Uma VÎd Amho, ho Z g_oumè`m bmoh$m Zr CXÿ bm XoemVyZ IamoIaM VS>rnma H$aÊ`mMo à`ëz Ho$bo; nu amooýð H $îu, amooýð ~oxtnmgyz JwbOmagma»`m H$bmH$mam Zr CXÿ VyZ gvv {b{hb Am{U bmoh${à`hr Ho$b. `m XmoZ ^mfm _Ü`o H$bmH$ma H$g g VwbZ gmyvmo, Vo g_oê`mgmr>r bvm øm Mr hr g nyu H${dVm Ë`m À`mV AmdmOmV H$Yr `w-q>çy~davr EoH$m- _ {hýxr H$s dmo ~oq>r hÿ±, {Ogo CXÿ Zo nmbm h AJa {hýxr H$s amoq>r h, Vmo CXÿ H$m {Zdmbm h _wpo h ß`ma XmoZm go, _Ja `h ^r hh$sh$v h bvm O~ b S>I S>mVr h, h`mzo hr g ^mbm h _ O~ {hýxr go {_bvr hÿ±, Vmo CXÿ gmw AmVr h Am a O~ CXÿ go {_bvr hÿ±, Vmo {hýxr Ka ~wbmvr h _wpo XmoZm hr ß`mar h, _ XmoZm H$s Xþbmar hÿ± BYa {hýxr gr _mb h, CYa CXÿ gr Imbm h `ht H$s ~o{q>`m± XmoZm, `ht no OZ_ nm`m h {g`mgv Zo BÝh {hýxÿ Am a _wpñb_ Š`y± ~Zm`m h _wpo XmoZm H$s hmbv EH$ gr _mby_ hmovr h H$^r {hýxr no ~ {Xe h, H$^r CXÿ no Vmbm h ^bo An_mZ {hýxr H$m hmo, `m Vm {hz CXÿ H$s IwXm H$s h H$g_, ha{jo h`m `o gh Zht gh$vr _ XmoZmo Ho$ {b`o b S>Vr hÿ±, Am a Xmdo go H$hVr hÿ± _oar {hýxr ^r CÎm_ h, _oar CXÿ ^r Ambm h bj XoD$Z B{Vhmg dmmumè`m gmr>r EH$ _m{hvr- CXÿ bm _wpñb_m Mr ^mfm g_obr OmVo Am{U {Vbm hmh$byz XoÊ`mÀ`m d ÎmrMm gaxma nq>obm Zr ñnï> {damoy Ho$bm hmovm. {X.14 {S>g ~a1949 À`m EH$m nìmv gaxmam Zr {b{hb hmov H$s, "CXÿ H$moUË m EH$m àxoemmr ^mfm Zmhr, Voìhm {Vbm àmxo{eh$ H$joV T>H$byZ XoÊ`mV ehmunu dmq>v Zmhr.' {X r ao{s>amodê$z CXÿ Mo H$m` H«$_ gwê$ H$aÊ`mMr Am{U Ë`mMm Cn`moJ "Y_ {Zanoj' amá` Vg M gm ñh ${VH$ AmXemªZm àmoëgmhz XoÊ`mV H$am`Mr Ñï>r gaxmam Mr hmovr. AmnU Y_m bm ~mø H$_ H$m S>m V EdT>çm m Xon`ªV ~m YyZ R>odb Amho H$s, B œamzo ~Zdboë`m _mugm Zm AmnU {PS>H$maVmo, {VañH$ma H$aVmo, _mê$zhr Q>mH$Vmo. AmnU {dgavmò H$s, gd EH$mM B œammm A e AmhmoV. {ZXm \$mobr {Iarà_mUo Jir CVaob, Aem arvrzo hr Jmoï> gm JVmV - Ka go _pñox h ~hþv Xÿa, Mbmo `y± H$a b {H$gr amovo hþe ~ƒo H$mo h±gm`m OmE& "E.E $. hþgozzm am_m`u-_hm^mavmdê$z {MÌ H$mT>m`Mm g m Amnbo g_modmxr ZoVm am Zmoha bmo{h`m Zr {Xbm hmovm. hþgozzr Odinmg XrS>eo {MÌ 84

85 ~Zdbr hmovr. `m XmoÝhr _hmh$mì`m dê$z _ {XamVrb Xodr-XodVm À`m Z¾ {MÌm {df`r H$Yr AmdmO Z CR>dboë`m Zr, {MÌm {df`r H$mhr Z H$iUmè`m bmoh$m Zr g_oyz KoVë`m{edm` qh$dm {dmma Ho$ë`m{edm` hþgozmr {MÌ \$ms>br, Omibr Am{U Xoemda Anma ào_ H$aUmè`m _mugmbm H$m`_M XoemoYS>rbm bmdb. AmnU Va amom adr d_mªmr {MÌ nu Omibr. H$Yr Var hþgozmr AmË_H$Wm dmmcr Va H$iob Zm H$s, hþgozgmr>r Y_m Mm AW {H$Vr {demb hmovm! Amnbo AgoM EH$ _mor>o à{gõ {MÌH$ma gæ`x h Xa apm `m Zr {b{hb Amho H$s, "_bm MM, _ {Xa, _pñox_ü`o gma»`mm em VrMm AZw^d {_ivmo.' Ë`m À`mgmR>r _ {XamV OmU, am_m[av_mzgmr Mm nmb _wimox²jv H$aU, Z_mO nt>u qh$dm àmw Zm H$aU hm OrdZmMm EH$ ^mj hmovm... Ë`mV Y_ Hw$R>o AmS>dm `ov ZìhVm. Aem ì`švt{df`r dmmco Va Amnë`mbm Y_m Mr, OmVrMr, Cƒ-ZrMVoMr gmar ^m S>U jw H$ dmq>vrb. ~ S>o Jwbm_Abr Im±M à{gõ ^OZ "h[a Amo_² VËgV² _hm_ Ì h, On H$a, On H$a...' Amnë`m gdmªzm gmai M à^m{dv Zmhr H$aV? "_Z VS>nV h[a XaeZ H$mo AmO...' ^OZ {b{humao AmhoV eh$sb ~Xm`wZr, g JrVH$ma Zm emx Am{U Jm`b Amho _wh _X a\$s `m Zr; Va _J EoH$Umè`m V_m_ bmoh$m Mm Y_ H$moUVm? ^mavr`m Zm? Va, H$bm ho H$ê$ eh$vo. _bm Am{U Vwåhmbm Y_m À`m g Hw${MV H$m S>mù`mVyZ ~mhoa H$mTy>Z H$bm \$ŠV _muyg, ewõ AWm Z ^mavr` ~Zdy eh$vo. Amnbo bmoh${n«` amj Xa~mar, {_`m±h$s VmoS>r Am{U {_`m±h$s _ëhma `m Mm AH$~amÀ`m Xa~mamVrb VmZgoZÛmam Am{dîH$ma Pmbm Amho. "gmao Ohm± go AÀN>m qhxmoñvm h_mam...' {b{humao BH$~mb hmovo. nm{h$ñvmz ZmdmÀ`m {dmmammm nm`m KmbUmao BH$~mb am_m{df`r {b{hvmvh am_ Ho$ doyx no qhxmoñvm± H$mo ZmO Ahbo ZOa g_ovo h CgH$mo í`m_o-qhx & ^mavr` g ñh $VrMo VmUo~mUo g dm{xvoà`m Aem VmaoZ Jw \$bobo hmovo. AmVm H$mi \$ma H$R>rU Amho. AmnU EH$_oH$m er {H$Vr OmoS>bobo AmhmoV, gm ñh ${VH$-^m{fH$ EoŠ`mMo Amnbo YmJo-Xmoao {H$Vr _O~yV AmhoV Ë`m{df`r ~mobê`meodor Amnë`mV \y$q> nms>m`mr, Amngm V bt>dm`à`m JmoîQ>r A{YH$ hmovmv. `m bmoh$m Zr gd}œa X`mb `m À`m à{gõ H${dVoÀ`m Imbrb AmoitMr AmR>dU R>odm`bm hdr- Xoe H$mJµO na ~Zm ZŠem Zht hmovm {H$ EH$ {hñgo Ho$ \$Q> OmZo na ~mh$s {hñgo Cgr Vah gm~yv ~Zo ah Ag eš` Zmhr, åhuyzm Va Amnë`mgmR>r gm hmx A{Zdm` Amho. AmnU AmR>dU R>odm`bm hdr H$s, Bg Xþ{Z`m _ AmX_r H$s OmZ go ~ S>m Hw$N> ^r Zht h Z B ída Z kmz Z MwZmd AmnU Aem H$R>rU H$mimV gm hmxm {df`r ~mobv AmhmoV, Ooìhm ImoQ>çm Jmoï>tM - MwH$sÀ`m B{VhmgmM nod \w$q>b Amho. {VañH$mamÀ`m {dfmz ~{Ya Pmboë`m g doxzm À`m dmvmdaumv gm hmxm {df`r gm Jm`M Amho. Voìhm AmVm ~mobë`m{edm`, Iè`m Jmoï>tMo T>mob {nq>ë`m{edm` Mmbm`M Zmhr. AmnU g dmxr g_mommo dmagxma AmhmoV. Amnbr g ñh $Vr EH$ Amho. Amnb gm{hë`, g JrV, Z Ë`, {eën, ñwmnë` gji EH$M Amho, ho Amnë`mbm nwz:nwýhm gm Jmd bmjuma Amho... eodq>r _r EdT> M åhuoz - O~ _w m H$mo _pñox _ am_ ZµOa Am`o O~ n {S>V H$mo _ {Xa _ ah_mz ZµOa Am`o gwav hr ~Xb OmE, Bg Xþ{Z`m H$s AJa BÝgmZ H$mo BÝgmZ _ BÝgmZ ZµOa Am`o... ({X.1 OyZ 2017 gx²^mdzm nd, _hþam `owo Ho$boco ì`m»`mz bo{iho$zo WmoS>o gwymê$z {b{hbobm hm boi Amho.) _yi boi JwOamVr - bo{ih$m àmo. ear\$m {doirdmbm _amr>r AZwdmX - gwym (gmzo) ~mos>m, ~S>moXm Mob. :

86 86

87 OJX²{d»`mV Zmo{díbofH$ Am{U gm ñh ${VH$ mzgemñìk S>m.gwYra H$ $a `m Zm "^mavr` Zmo{díbofUmMo A{YH$mar' Aer»`mVr bm^br Amho. `m {ÌH$s A{^`m {ÌH$sMr nxdr, AW emñìmvrb {dúmdmmñnvr hr nxdr KoVë`mZ Va Ah Xm~mXoVrb "B {S>`Z BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am $ ZoO Q>' Ü`o Vo AÜ`mnZ H$ê$ bmjbo. Ë`m doir àm.h$ $a `m Mr AMmZH$ Zmo{díbofH$ d {dh$mgmë H$ mzgemñìk S>m.E[aH$ E[aŠgZ `m À`mer ^oq> Pmbr. Voìhm {g½ S> «$m BS>, Amë «o$s> A S>ba Am{U H$mb `w J `m À`m m{bho$vrb hzr` mzgemñìk S>m.E[aŠgZ `m Mo ZmdXoIrb H$ $a `m Zm m{hvr ZìhVo. mì "Am`S >{Q>Q>r H«$m`{gg' m gḧ$ënzomo OZH$ S>m.E[aŠgZ `m À`m wio H$ $a `m Zm ñdv:mr AmoiI Pmbr, Ë`m Mm AmoiIrgmR>rMm wbmiv : AVwb XoD$iJmdH$a r ñdv:bm gm ñh ${VH$ mzgemñìk mzvmo. M[aÌ {b{hvmzm r ZmoB{VhmgH$ma AgVmo. ì`švr g OyZ KoVmZm Eo{Vhm{gH$ d gm ñh ${VH$ gẍ^ A{YH$ OmUyZ KoVmo. Zmo{díbofH$m Zm Ë`mMr VodT>r JaO ^mgv Zmhr. 87

88 ñdv:er Mmbbobm g Kf g nbm Am{U Vo mzdr Z d dv Z `m À`m emoymg {ZKmbo. 23 d Mm[aH$ nwñvho$ Am{U 6 H$mX ~è`m Mo boiz H$aUmao S>m.H$ $a `m Zm Ë`m À`m {dûîmo wio OmJ{VH$ nmvirdarb ~m {ÕH$ dv wimv gý mzmmo ñwmz bm^bo Amho. "Xr Pm`Q>' m O Z gmßvm{hh$mzo H$ $a `m Mm OJmVrb AmKmS>rÀ`m 21 {dmmad Vm Ü`o, Va «$M m{gh$ "b Zmoìhob Am ãpaovya' `m Zr H$ $a `m Mm OJmVrb hîdmà`m 25 {dmmad Vm Ü`o g mdoe Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m Zm o$s>ab [anpãbh$ Am $ O ZrMm gdm}ƒ ZmJar gý mz 2012 Ü o ~hmb H$aÊ mv Ambm. «$mýg, O Zr, Am pñq >`m, A o[ah$m `owrb»`mvzm {dúmnrr>m V Ë`m Zm AÜ`mnZmgmR>r doimodoir Am {ÌV Ho$bo OmVo. H²$ AmW a, am H$ o$ba, Zohê$, ^m^m `m gma»`m AZoH$ nmr>çd ÎmtZr Ë`m Zm gý m{zv Ho$bo Amho. AZoH$ amï >m Yrb mzgemñì d mzdd eemñìmà`m g ñwm Zr H$ $a `m Zm gxñ`ëd XoD$Z Jm a{dbo Amho. OJmVrb AJ«JÊ` {Z`VH$m{bH$m Zr H$ $a `m À`m boizmmr d {díbofum Mr Zoh rm XIb KoVbr Amho. "Am Šg $S> `w{zìh{g Q>r àog'zo hmvr KoVboë`m "AmYw{ZH$ Am{e`mMo hmz {dmmad V' m J«W àh$ënmv H$ $a `m Mo 4 I S> àh$m{ev hmov AmhoV. Ë`m À`m nwñvh$m Mo 22 ^mfm V AZwdmX Pmbo AmhoV, Va {X½Xe H$ ram Zm`a m " ram A±S> X hmë m' H$mX ~arda {MÌnQ> H$arV AmhoV. gwyra d H $W[aZm H$ $a ({d{dy Y mªmm VwbZmË H$ Aä`mg d gëmoyz H$aUmè`m {dxþfr) `m Zm {X rà`m {Za Va JO~OmQ>mnmgyZ Xÿa OmÊ`mMr BÀN>m Pmbr Ü o Vo Jmoì`mbm Ambo. X{jU Am{U CÎma Jmodm ho XmoZ {^Þ Y«wd dmq>vmv. n` Q>H$m Mm Yw mhy$i ZgUmè`m X{jU Jmoì`mMm n[aga A{Ve` em V Amho. VoWrb Zmaim À`m AWm J gm «má`mvrb H$ mbrà`m ñdàn> gmja{h$zmè`m Zm Z ^ê$z Ý`mhmiUo, hm EH$ {dbju AmZ XXm`r AZw^d Amho. X{jU Jmoì`mVrb dmh$m {H$Zmè`mdarb ~mudbr Jmdmda Vo { $Xm Pmbo. {VWoM Ë`m Zm ZmaimMo 70, Am ~m 15, {MHy$ 10, Amdio 10 Aem d jamot Ü`o gm mdyz Jobobm gw mao 100 dfmªnydumm nmovw JrO dmñvwe brvrb ~ Jbm ( ÝeZ) { imbm. Amogardarb IwMuda ~gyz ZmnmgyZ {ZgJ AZw^dV H$ $a `m M qmvz d boiz Mmby AgV. {VWo KoVboë`m àxrk wbmivrmm H$mhr A e. àíz - Amnbo bhmznu H$go hmovo? AmnU mor>onur H$m` ìhmdo, Ago bhmznur dmq>v hmovo? - mpm OÝ Z {ZVmbbm Pmbm. ds>rb {~«{Q>e amá`mv àemgz godovrb A{YH$mar (àmoìhopýe`b {gpìhb gpìh g) hmovo. Ë`m Mr ~Xbr hmov Agë`m wio Am Mo dmñvì`hr gajmoy, bm`bmnya, bw{y`mzm, bmhmoa Ago hmov Jobo. CÚmZm Mo gw Xa eha bmhmoa ho mpo AmOmoi hmovo. AmB Mo ds>rb {ZîUmV eë`{demax hmovo. d{s>bm Mo ds>rb ho H $ÌmQ>Xma AgyZhr H$m±J«ogMo g W H$ hmovo. Vo ñdmv Í` Midirbm gt>i hmvmzo XoU½`m XoV. Vo bmbm bonv am` `m À`m {ZH$Q>dVu`m n H$s. Vo MidirV BVHo$ Jw VV Jobo H$s, Ë`m Zr {~«{Q>e gah$mah$[avm ~m YH$m H$aUo Wm ~dyz Q>mH$bo. AmOmo~m H$ mbrmo gä` d g ` r. {~«{Q>em Zr Xoe gmosy>z JoboM nm{hoo, ho Ë`m Mo V Agbo Var Ë`m Zr {~«{Q>em {df`r AmH«$ñVmir Vo H$Yrhr ì`šv Ho$br ZmhrV. ds>rb mì {~«{Q>em Zm ZmnmgyZ mzv hmovo. "àm m{uh$ {~«{Q>em wio ^mavmmo AmYw{ZH$sH$aU Pmbo. T>m Jr d b~ms> ^mavr` ho Ë`mVrb AS>ga AmhoV', Ago Ë`m Mo V hmovo. bm d{s>bm Mo {~«{Q>eào d d[að>m g moamr hþoao{jar ÌmgXm`H$ hmov Ago. bm H$Yrhr {~«Q>Z Ü`o {eju KoÊ`mMr BÀN>m H$Yrhr Pmbr Zmhr. ds>rb d AmOmo~m `m À`mV V^oX Agco Var Xþamdm A{O~mV ZìhVm. Ë`m Mo g ~ Y CÎm am{hbo. Ë`m H$mimV hþema wbm H$aVm àemgz godm, S>m ŠQ>a, B {O{ZAa ho n`m ` AgV. ašv nm{hb H$s, bm ^modi `ov Agë`m wio o{s>h$b ~mx Pmbo. mpo ^{dî` gwa{jv ìhmdo `mgmr>r r àemgz godov Omdo, Agm d{s>bm Mm AmJ«h hmovm. na Vw bm VodT>o JwU { imbo ZmhrV åhuyz oh ${ZH$b B {O{ZA[a JgmR>r Ah Xm~mXbm Jobmo. àíz - J AW emñìmh$s>o H$go JobmV? - oh ${ZH$b B {O{ZAaMr nxdr KoVë`mda r H$mobH$mË`mÀ`m {edu` Ì H$aUmè`m "Cfm' H $nzrv à{ejumwu åhuyz bmohmah$m {d^mjmv éoy Pmbmo. Ë`m 88

89 H$mimV oh ${ZH$b B {O{ZA[a JÀ`m Cƒ {ejumh$avm O Zr, A o[ah$m d {~«Q>Z ho Xoe hîdmmo hmovo. A o[ah$m A{VI{M H$ hmovo. {~«Q>ZMm bm {VQ>H$mam hmovm åhuyz r ~moq>rzo O ZrÀ`m h±~j bm Jobmo. $moz A{V hmj Agë`m wio Ë`m H$mimV nì hom g nh$m Mo mü` hmovo. A{Ve` Xÿa A Vamda AgUo ho Zoh rm gwa{jvvomr ^mdzm {Z m U H$aVo. ~ S>Imoar H$aÊ`mg `mo½` H$mi Agë`mMm $m`xm CMbV r d{s>bm Zm H$idyZ Q>mH$bo H$s, bm B {O{ZA[a JMm H $Q>mim Ambm AgyZ VÎdkmZmV {eju KoÊ`mMr BÀN>m Amho. bm g Õm {VH$ ^m {VH$emñÌmH$S>o dim`mr BÀN>m hmovr. Voìhm Kar hbh$ moim Pmbm. d`ñh$ ZmVodmBH$m Mr ~ R>H$ Pmbr. "VÎdkmZ {ehy$z nmoq> H$g ^auma?' eë`{demax AmOmo~m Zr Aem yi numà`m AmH$m jm doirm g ndyz Q>mH$Ê`mMm g m {Xbm. mpm d d{s>bm Mm g{dñva nìì`dhma XrK H$mi Mmby am{hbm. ds>rb g moamg moa Zgë`m wio mâ`mda X~md `ov ZìhVm. r mpo åhuuo aoq>v hmovmo. AIoarg B {O{ZA[a J Am{U VÎdkmZ `mvrb gý mzzr` VmoS>Jm åhuyz ds>rb AW emñìmg amor Pmbo Am{U r AW emñìmgh ì`dñwmnz {dkmzmv E.E. d nrem.s>r. Ho$bo. ~è`mm dfmªzva ds>rb åhumbo, "" r Vwbm AmS>dm`bm ZH$mo hmov.'' r åhumbmo, ""nu Ë`m wio mp dmmzjoì Iyn {dñvmav Job. VÎdkmZ, mzgemñì, gm{hë`, {MÌnQ> Aem gjù`m {df`m V JmoS>r {Z m U Pmbr.'' Ë`mda ds>rb åhumbo, ""A{^` Vm d AW emñìk Agbobm mpm wbjm Zmo{díbofU H$aVmo.' àíz - AmnU O ZrV AgVmZm 1960 À`m XeH$mV VéUm Mr gm ñh ${VH$ Midi EoZ ^amv hmovr. AmnU Ë`mV gh^mjr hmovm? - mpo dvw i ho S>mì`m {dmmam Mo hmovo. {MÌH$ma, gm{hpë`h$, g rjh$ ho gjio S>mì`m {dmmam Mo hmovo. amì^a OmJyZ {MÌnQ>, ZmQ>H$, amoh$mau `mda àxrk MMm MmbV. AÊdñÌ{damoYr momm Ü`o r gh^mjrgwõm Pmbmo hmovmo, na Vw mpm qns> amoh$s` Zmhr. `m H$mimVM r ^anya dmmy bmjbmo Am{U ì`šv hmoê`mgmr>r r bkwh$wm (O ZrVyZ) {bhÿ bmjbmo hmovmo. àíz - AW emñìmgh ì`dñwmnz emómvrb Cƒ {eju KoD$Z navë`mda Ah Xm~mXoVrb AJ«JÊ` "B {S>`Z BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am $ ZoO Q>' Ü`o AmnUmg AÜ`mnZ H$aÊ`mMr gÿr { imbr. Am VakmZemIm Mm Aä`mg gimob hmov Agë`m wio {VWo Amnë`mbm g mymz bm^v hmovo? - Ë`m doir {d»`mv emñìk {dh«$ gmam^mb `m À`m emhr~mj `owrb ^ì` ÝeZ Ü`o "B {S>`Z BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am $ ZoO Q>' MmbV Ago. "hmd S> {~{PZog ñhy$b'à`m ghh$m`m Zo hr g ñwm C^mabr OmV Agë`m wio ì`dñwmnzmà`m Zwî`~i, AW, {dh«$s m emim Mo VÁk à{eju XoÊ`mgmR>r Ambo hmovo. A o[aho$vrb Zm d V dmñvw{eënr bwb H$mZ ho "Am`Am`E 'À`m dmñvwgḧw$b C^maUrV X J hmovo. r [agm o$bmo Agë`m wio AÜ`mnZ d AÜ``Z XmoÝhr H$arV hmovmo. EH $XarV Vo dmvmdau IynM C Xo hmovo. àíz - Am{U BWoM E[aH$ E[aŠgZ `m Mr ^oq> hmod$z Vw À`m Am`wî`mbm H$bmQ>Ur { imbr? - hmo Zm. Vmon`ªV r H$m` ìhmdo ho R>aV ZìhVo, gwmv ZìhVo. ñdv:mr AmoiIM hmov ZìhVr. H$Yr {MÌnQ> {X½Xe H$, H$Yr VÎdk, H$Yr H$dr- Agm amoo Zì m joìm Mm {dmma Mmby hmovm. pñwavm åhuyz ZìhVr. ^md{zh$ H$ moi Mmby hmovm. àíz - E[aŠgZ `m Mo ì`pšv Îd H$go hmovo? - Vo A{Ve` em V, àgþ d gwg ñh $V hmovo. Ë`m Mr {dzmox~wõr {dbju hmovr. H$moUmerhr ~mobvmzm Vo g moaà`m Mo ~mobuo A{Ve` bjnyd H$ d Z bmdyz EoH$V AgV. EImÚm H$m` emiov H$mhr {dúmwu {~ZS>moH$nUmZo ~mobv. E[aŠgZ Hw$UmMohr ~mobuo A{O~mV VmoS>V ZgV. CbQ> ~mobuo g në`mz Va E[aŠgZ Ë`mÀ`mM dšvì`mmr nwzéšvr H$ê$Z Ë`m Ü`o ñdv:mr ^a KmbrV. Vo EoHy$Z Vmo {dúmwu M{H$VM hmov Ago. "ho r ~mobbmo H$m`?' Agm Ë`mMm ^md Ago. Ë`m À`m m ñd^mdm wio ^md{zh$ JV}V gmns>boë`m bm Iyn {Xbmgm { imbm. àíz - Ë`m H$mimV E[aŠgZ `m Mo nwñvh${bimu Mmby hmovo. Vwåhr Ë`m Zm H$moUVr XV Ho$br? - mâ`m AmË`mÀ`m ( mzgmonmmavák H$ bm Mm Yar) KamV nmhþê`m H$aVm Agboë`m Imoë`m V 89

90 E[aŠgZ Xm në` amhv Ago. hmë m Jm Ytdarb "Jm YrO Q >W' ho nwñvh$ {b{hê`mgmr>r Ë`m Mo gëmoyz Mmby hmovo. H$mhr gẍ^ hþs>hy$z XoUo, nwñvho$ { idyz XoUo, H$mhr ì`švtà`m ^oq>r KS>dyZ AmUUo, AZwdmX H$aUo Aer ~marh$-gmarh$ H$m o r H$arV hmovmo. Ë`m H$mimV r E[aŠgZ `m Mr "MmBëS> hÿs> A±S> gmogm`q>r' d "` J Z ë`wwa' hr nwñvho$ dmmyz H$mT>br. Ë`m Mo boiz, g ^mfu d EH $XarV ì`{º$ Îd `m wio BVH$m ^mamdyz Jobmo hmovmo H$s, bm AJXr E[aŠgZ `m À`mgmaIoM hmoê`mmr Amg bmjbr. àíz - Vwåhr Zmo{díbofUmMo {eju KoÊ`mgmR>r O ZrMr {ZdS> H$er Ho$brV? - dmñv{dh$ r EH$ dfm gmr>r A o[aho$à`m "hmd S> {~{PZog ñhy$b' Ü`o hmovmo. {VWoM " «o${s >H$ Q>oba- E ñq>s>r BZ ng Z {bq>r A±S> BZmoìhoeZ' (ì`dñwmnz emómmo AÜd`y ) ho mz{gh$vomr KS>U g OyZ KoUmao ZmoM[aÌ (gm`h$mo~m`moj«m $s) {b{hbo. (ho Ë`m Mo n{hbo nwñvh$) bm Zmo{díbofUmMo {eju KoÊ`mMr BÀN>m hmovr, na Vw A o[aho$v Ho$di d ÚH$s` emioà`m {dúmï`mªzmm Vr w^m hmovr. åhuyz r E[aŠgZ `m À`m mjo bh$s>m bmdbm hmovm. Ë`m Zr «±$H$ $Q> (O Zr) `owrb "gm`h$mo-a Z{b{Q>H$ BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>'Mo {ZXoeH$ d {d»`mv Zmo{díbofUVÁk AboŠPm S>a { ËMo{b e `m Zm nì {b{hbo. Ë`m wio bm gëmoyz d {eju XmoÝhrg nadmzjr { iy eh$br. àíz - Vwåhr `oê`mnydu ^mavm Ü`o «$m BS> YmQ>UrZo Zmo{díbofU Ho$bo OmV hmovo? - hmo. B {S>`Z gm`h$mo-a Z{b{Q>H$ gmogm`q>rmr ñwmnzm 1929 Ü om Pmbr hmovr. H$mobH$mVm d w ~B `owo H$mhr Zmo{díbofH$ hmovo. àíz - Ë`m H$mimV OJ^amda H$moUH$moUË`m Zmo{díbofH$m Mm à^md hmovm? - h~ Q> mš`w P, E[aH$ «$m d Ama.S>r.b±J `m Zm OJ^a mý`vm bm^br hmovr. w»` åhuoo, g m Va gm ñh ${VH$ MidirV gh^mjr AgUmao `m {VKm Zm mzv hmovo. àíz - ^mavr` d nmümî` {díbofunõvr {^Þ Amho. Amnë`mbm Vo H$go OmUdbo Am{U AmnU Ë`mV g Vmob H$gm gmybm? - nmümî`m Mr "ñd'(goë $) hr gḧ$ënzm A{Ve` ~m Yrd Amho. Ë`mZwgma "ñd' hm XohmV, XÿV Amho. AbrH$S>o-ncrH$S>o H$mhrhr Zmhr. ^mavr`m Mm (Am{U nm dm Ë`- ~m Õ, {MZr) "ñd' A{Ve` ì`mnh$ Amho. Vmo Ho$di XohmnwaVm `m {XV ZgyZ g nyu {dídmer {ZJ{S>V d {dœmmm EH$ A e mzbm OmVmo Ag åhuvm `ob b. ^mavr` Z ho Xÿa{MÌdmUrÀ`m A±Q>oZmgmaIo {dœmvrb gẍoe J«hU H$aVo. nmümî` "ñd' hm XÿnmgyZ gẍoe KoVmo. "ñd' OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm {dmma gm H«o${Q>gnmgyZ Pmbm Agë`m wio, nmímmî` OJmV VQ>ñWnUo AmË narju H$aÊ`mMr na nam Amho. ^mavr` g ñh $Vr Ü`o Ë`mMm nyu nuo A^md Agë`m wiom, ñdv Ì mzumam nmímmî` {dmma Ë`m À`mV éobm Zmhr. ^mavr`m Zm OÝ mnmgyz ZmVo d g ~ Y ([aboq>os>zog) AmnmoAmn A JdiUr ns>vmv. Hw$R>brhr ^mavr` ì`švr hr Hw$Qw> ~, ZmVodmB H$ d OmV `m À`mer OÝ mnmgyz ghojë`m ~m Ybr OmVo. BWo d `pšvh$ Ago H$mhrM ZgVo. d `pšvh$ ñdm`îmvobm Ë`mV ñwmz ZgVo. OrdZMH«$mMo A {V C{ÔîQ> mojàmßvr hom Amho. Vmon`ªV ì`švrmr g îq>rnmgyz gwq>h$m Zmhr, hm ^mavr` g ñh $VrVrb {dmma Z g{j H$arË`m Ho$bm OmVmo. EH$m Q>moH$m wio AmË ½ZVm, ì`pšvdmx `ovmo, Va Xþgè`m Q>moH$m wio BVam Ü`o A{V Jw Vbo OmVo. bm ho XmoÝhr Ñ{ï>H$moZ OdiyZ g OyZ KoVm Ambo. XmoÝhtVrb ^ë`m-~wè`m ~moy g Oë`m Am{U {díbofumh$[avm, XmoÝhtVrb CÎm Vo KoVm Ambo. àíz - "ñd' OmUyZ KoÊ`mMr ^mavr` nõvr ho AmË narju gm H«$o{Q>gÀ`m nõvrmo Zmhr? - Zmhr, XmoÝhtV $ah$ Amho. nmümî`m Mm "ñd' OmUyZ KoUo ho d `pšvh$ Am`wî`m{df`r dm M[aÌmË H$ (~m`moj«m{ $H$b) Amho. ^mavr` "ñd' OmUyZ KoUo ho AmÜ`mpË H$ dm Am{Y^m {VH$ ñdê$nmmo Amho. àíz - {g½ S> «$m BS> `m Mo Zmo{díbofU AmOhr H$mbgw gjv Amho, Ago Amnë`mbm dmq>vo? - Zmo{dícofUmMo àuovo {g½ S> «$m B S> `m Zr mzdmmo dv Z d Zmoì`mnmamMo JyT> CcJS>Umar dñvw{zîr> d gmd {ÌH$ nõvr gwê$ Ho$cr. A~moY Z, OrdZàoaUm Aem AZoH$ Zì`m gḧ$ënzm m Sy>Z 90

91 Zmo{dH$mgmMm AÝd` cmdcm. mzgemñìr` {dmmam Mm AmdmH$m gd ì`mnr H$aUmao «$m BS> `m Zr Zmo^mdZm, {dh $Vr `m À`m {M{H$Ëgo~amo~a gm{hë`, H$cm{Z{ Vr, JwÝhoJmar àd Îmr, Y, Hw$c{MÝho, g ñh $Vr `m À`mdahr gimoc ^mî` Ho$co. «$m BS> `m À`m H«$m {VH$maH$ {dícofummm Imocda n[aum {dgmì`m evh$mvrc gm{hë`, gd H$cm emim, g rjoda OmUdVmo. H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV {dh${gv Pmbobo Xÿ{dkmZ, dv ZemñÌ `mvrb gëmoyz «$m BS> `m À`m H$mhr {gõm Vm Zm ~ih$q>r XoVo, Va H$mhr à ò m Zm MwH$sMohr R>adVo. " mzdr dv ZmVrb A~moY ZmMr ì`mßvr d à^md hm «$m BS> `m Zr mzbm Ë`mhÿZ H $H$ nq>rzo A{YH$ Amho', Ago dv ZemñÌk mzvmv. «$m BS> ho A~moY Zmbm Mm Iya CYiUmam hoho$imoa KmoS>m mzv hmovo. hr à{v m ~XbyZ A~moY Z ho {Z` ÌU H$aVm Z `oumam JOamO Amho, Ago åhuvm `ob b. hm JOamO mhþvmbm Z Ow mzvm ñdv:bm nm{hoo {VH$S>o OmVmo. ~mbnurà`m H$mimV V`ma hmoumao mmv Vy Mo S>b (g{h $Q>) ho ì`pšv Îd{dH$mgmV hîdmmo R>aVo, ho XÿemñÌkm Zr AYmoaopIV Ho$bo Amho Ü o d ÚH$s` emñìmh$avm Zmo~obMo mzh$ar E[aH$ H $S>ob åhumbo, " mzdr Zm{df`r, Zmo{díbofU hm AOyZhr gwg JV Ñ{ï>H$moZ Amho.' r Ë`m À`mer nyu nuo gh V Amho. àíz - S>m.{JatÐeoIa ~mog `m Zr «$m BS> `m À`mer V^oXm{df`r nìì`dhma Ho$bm hmovm. Va ^mavr` VÎdkmZ d mzgemñìmcm «$m BS> {dmmam Mm YmoH$m dmq>cm, Ago AmnU "H$ëMa A±S> gm`h$s' `m nwñvh$mv {b{hbo Amho. Ë`m{df`r... - H$mobH$mVm {dúmnrr>mà`m mzgemñì {d^mjmmo n{hco àmü`mnh$ d eë`{demax S>m.{JatÐeoIa ~mog `m Zr 1924 Ü o "^mavr` Zmo{dícofH$ gmogm`q>r'mr ñwmnzm Ho$cr hmovr. Ë`m ZrM «$m BS> {dmmam Mo cmou ^mavmv AmUco. AmH$medmUrdê$Z ì`m»`mzo, d ÎmnÌm V coi {chÿz ì`švr d gm m{oh$ g ñ`m Mo {dícofu cmoh$m n`ªv Zoco. S>m.~mog `m Zr 1925 Ü o qhxÿ- wpñc VUmdmMr gimoc {M{H$Ëgm H$aÊ`mgmR>r {deof n[ag dmx Am`mo{OV Ho$cm hmovm. Voìhm hmë m Jm Yr AmdOy Z CnpñWV am{hco hmovo. «$m BS> `m À`m nõvrzwgma Zmoé½Umer wšv gmhm`m Zo g dmx gmym`mm, é½umcm ~mocvo H$ê$Z {dh$mg-q>ßß`mvrc AS>Wio g OyZ `m`mo, àë`j AWdm g mohz AdñWoV ZoD$Z gymzm H$am`À`m- Aer Ë`m Mr H$m` nõv hmovr S>m.~mog `m Zr Ë`m À`m Zmo{dícofUmVrc AZw^dm À`m Zm Xr {dñvmamzo R>odyZ AS>MUt{df`r «$m BS> `m À`mer MMm Ho$ë`m. «$m BS> `m Zr Á`y-pI«íMZ m EHo$ídadmXr Y mªmm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Y {df`h$ {dmma m S>co. ào{fvr Y, JyT>dmXr Y, AZoHo$ídadmX `m Mm «$m BS> `m Zr {dmma Ho$bm Zmhr, Ago ~mog `m Mo Amjon hmovo. «$m BS> `m Zr Ë`m Zm A{Ve` Xÿ ^mfov nìmoîmao {Xcr Agcr, Varhr ^mavr` g ñh $VrÀ`m d {eîq>çm H$S>o «$m BS> `m Zr Xþc j Ho$co, ho mý` H$amdo bmjob. `mojr AaqdXm Zm "ì`º$snojm g îq>rbm hîd XoUmè`m ^mavr`m Zr «$m BS> `m Mo A{Vì`pŠVH ${ÐV {díbofu ñdrh$mê$ Z`o,' Ago dmq>bo. Ë`m Zr KUmKmVr Q>rH$m H$arV «$m BS>àUrV Zmo{díbofUmMm {Y $ma Ho$bm d BVa {dmmad Vm Zrhr Vmo {eamoym` mzbm. àíz - ^mavr` Hw$Qw> ~mvrb Am{U nmümî` wbm Mr dmt> hr {^Þ dmvmdaumv hmovo. Ë`m XmoÝhtMo n[aum H$go hmovmv? - ^mavr` Hw$Qw> ~mv wbm Mr dmt> hmovmzm AmB Mm ghdmg XrK H$mi bm^vmo. VgoM ~mbh$ gvv ZmVodmBH$m À`m A Jmda dmt>vo. d`mv `ob n`ªv nmbh$m gmo~v PmonUmè`m Mo à mu Iyn Amho. ho dmvmdau nmímmî`m hÿz nyu nuo {^ÝZ Amho. BH$S>o nmbh$m Zm {^ÝZ e`zj h ZgVo. Ë`m wio ^mavr` Hw$Qw> ~mvrb wbm À`m Zmda gm Ï` embr mvomm njs>m AgVmo. A~moY ZmV Ë`mM à{v m KÅ> Agë`mZo {ddmhmz Va ~Xbboë`m ^y{ Ho$V wbjm VUmdJ«ñV hmovmo. ho mz{gh$ AS>Wio gmd {ÌH$ AmhoV. "^mavr`m Zm emídv mv J S>' Agë`mMo «$m BS> åhuvmv, Ë`mMo H$maU hom AgVo. Zmo{dícofUmgmR>r `oumè`m ~hþg»` àm T> wbm À`m d{s>cm Mr w»` VH«$ma, "Vmo EoH$VM Zmhr, ñdv cm dmq>oc Vo H$aVmo. ñdv nwt>o Hw$Qw> ~mcm qh$ V XoV Zmhr' Aer AgVo. ^mavr` wbm Ü`o AmkmnmbZmMo mhmëå` ~mudbo OmVo. Hw$Qw> ~, OmV hr H$V ì`o gm {JVbr OmVmV. nwt>o Vo m dvw imvm Jwa $Qy>Z OmVmV. gd ^mavr` OÝ V 91

92 d Õ AgVmV; H$mimZwgma AmUIr d Õ hmov OmVmV, Ago åhuvm `ovo. Va bdh$a gwq>çm hmoumè`m nmümî` wbm Zm Xþgar ì`švr ghz H$aÊ`mMr ešvrm amhv Zmhr. ì`pšvñdmv Í` Q>moH$mbm Jobo H$s A{VaoH$s ì`pšvdmx V`ma hmovmo. ` Ì mzd Mmbob nu muyg ZH$mo, `m Q>moH$mMo EH$mabonU nmümî` Xoem V OmUdVo. EH$Q>onUmÀ`m `mvzm hr EH$ O{Q>b gm m{oh$ g ñ`m Pmbr Amho. àíz - {dh ${ÐV Hw$Qw> ~, eharh$au `m wio wbm À`m g JmonZmV H$go ~Xb Pmbo? - {dh ${ÐV Hw$Qw> ~, {ejummm àgma d Xÿa{MÌdmUr m wio AmYw{ZH$sH$aU IoS>çmn`ªV nmohmombo. Ë`m wio H${ZîR> djm Vhr Zì`m {nt>rvrb {hbm Zm {ejummo hîd gm JÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr. Ë`m wio wbtmo emiov OmÊ`mMo à mu dmt>bo Amho. {dh ${ÐV Hw$Qw> ~m wio ds>rb d wbm Yrb Xar Zï> hmod$z g dmx dmt>bm Amho. ds>rbgwõm wbm À`m g JmonZmV gh^mjr hmovmzm {XgVmV. AmB bm wbrh$s>o bj Úm`bm doi { iv Amho. wbtà`m g JmonZmV {Xdg {Xdg gwymaum hmov Amho. wbjm d wbjr `m À`m g JmonZmVrb ^ox H$ r hmov Amho. AÝZ, Amamo½`mH$S>o bj, ~jrg-{ejm `m ~m~t Ü`o nydu wbtzm Xþæ` dmjuyh$ { im`mr. Ë`m Ü`o {dbju ~Xb hmov Amho. àíz - "OJmVrb gdmªv mor>çm bmoh$emhr XoemVrb gdm {YH$ bmoh$emhr Z mzumè`m bmoh$m Mm Xoe åhuoo ^mav', Ago AmnU gm JyZ ^mavr` ho "hmo mo hm`{h $H$g' (lour~õ mzd) AmhoV Ago åhuvmo, `mmm CJ Amnë`m Om{Vì`dñWoV Amho? - ^mav hm AZm{ H$m Mm Xoe Zmhr. BWo Vwåhmbm {deof AmoiI AgmdrM bmjvo. à{vîr>ozo OJmd`mMo Agob Va OmV, hþôm dm g nîmr `mn H$s H$mhr Var Vw À`mH$S>o Agmdo bmjvo. ^mavm Ü`o lour~õvm hr A V ZmV Imobda éobobr Amho. H$moUË`mhr ì`švrmr loð>vm dm H${Zð>Vm OmoIyZ JM Ë`mÀ`mer g dmx gmybm OmVmo. g dmx dm ñdmjv ho gmd {ÌH$ ZgVo. Ë`mV {ZdS> AgVo. ì`švrmr OmV, Ë`mMm hþôm d g nîmr `mdê$z {H$Vr mz Úm`Mm ho R>abo OmVo. amoh$s`, gm {OH$, gm{hpë`h$ H$moUVrhr gmd O{ZH$ MMm gwê$ Pmbr H$s, Ë`m ì`švrà`m OmVrMm C oi AQ>inUo `ovmo. bmoh$emhr Ü`o ho A{O~mV Ano{jV Zmhr Am{U Vo bmoh$emhrg KmVH$ Amho. ^mavm Ü`o gw mao 3000 OmVr d CnOmVr AmhoV. OmV åhuoo EH$ gm m{oh$ JQ> Amho. EH$m {d{eï> OmVrV OÝ Pmbm Var OmV Amobm Sy>Z { ÌdVw i V`ma Pmbo AWdm {ddmh H$aVmZm OmV Amobm S>br Jobr, Va OmVrMo ~ Y Iyn g b Pmbo AgVo. na Vw dmñvd AJXr CbQ> Amho. ì`švrmr AmoiI (Am`S >{Q>Q>r) OmV hrm hmov Amho. àíz - «$mpýgg w$hw$`m m `m Zr "Q >ñq >: gmoeb ìhà` wo A±S> X {H«$EeZ Am $ àm ñno[aq>r' m nwñvh$mv nañnam da JmT> {dœmg AgUmao g mo (hm` Q >ñq> gmogm`q>r) Agboë m OnmZ, V dmz, H$mo[a`m hr amï >o PnmQ>çmZo àjvr H$aV Jobr. {dœmg H$ r AgUmao g mo mjo ns>vmv, Agm {gõm V m S>bm Amho. `m{df`r Amnbo V? - Amnë`mH$S>oXoIrb nañnam da JmT> {dœmg Amho, na Vw Vmo OmVrA VJ VM! madms>r, JwOamVr, qgyr m ì`mnmamvrb OmVr AWdm Am{Xdmgr O mvr `m À`mV EH$ oh$m da {Zñgr {dœmg AmT>iVmo. evh$mzwevho$ Ë`m À`mVrb Am{W H$ ì`dhma ho Vm S>rM AgVmV. hþ S>rMr nõv {H$Vr evh$m nmgyz Mmby Amho. m nañnag ~ Ym wio Ë`m OmVtZr àjvrgwõm Ho$br. mì hm {dœmg OmVr~mhoaÀ`m da AOyZhr R>odbm OmV Zmhr. `wamonda «$M amá`h«$m VrZo {Xboë`m ñdmv Í`, g Vm d ~ YwVm m yë`m Mm Am{U à~moyzndm Mm (aozogmýg) Imobda à^md ns>bm. Ë`m wio {VH$S>o {d{dy àh$mamzo g mzvomm AmJ«h Yabm OmVmo. Ë`mH$aVm AZoH$ à`ëz hmovmv. Amnë`mH$S>o g mzvm hr àmymý M Zmhr. Hw$Qw> ~ d OmV hmm AJ«H«$ AgVmo. àíz - à~moyz, {eju, eharh$au d V ÌkmZ `m wio AmYw{ZH$Vm éoob Am{U Om{V^oX H$ r hmob b, Aer Anojm hmovr. AmVm OJ^a CXma {dmmam Mr nrn>ohmq> hmov AgyZ OmVr d Y hrm AmoiI mzyz g K{Q>V hmoê`mmr à{h«$`m dmt>v Amho. Cƒ{e{jV, CƒnXñW hogwõm OmV dm Y mªà`m g KQ>Zm V gm rb hmov AmhoV. `mmr H$maUo H$moUVr? - EH$ Va {ejumh$sy>z AdmOdr Anojm R>odUo, 92

93 hrm MyH$ hmovr. {edm` à~moyzm wio mugmmo Z ~XbVo H$m? `mmo CÎma mzdr Zm Ü`oM XS>bo Amho. Amnë`m ZmMm 95 Q>ŠHo$ ^mj hm A~moY ZmZo ì`mnbm Amho. {VWo VH $ d {ddoh$ `m Mm nyu A^md AgVmo. Amnbo ~hþvm e ì`dhma, {dmma, ^mdzm, {ZU ` Am{U H $Vr ho m A~moY ZmVyZM hmov AgVmV. Hw$R>brhr ~mø KQ>Zm hr Amnë`mbm g ndê`mgmr>rm Amho Ago mzyz h m MT>{dUo, EdT>oM H$m` àm{uojvmv hmov AgVo. Ë`mM YmQ>UrMm VH $ muyghr AZoH$ doim H$arV AgVmo. {H$Vrhr {eju Pmbo dm eharh$au Pmbo, Var mzdr ZmVrb A{ddoH$snUm d AVm{H $H$Vm hr OmV Zmhr. mjrb H$mhr dfmªv OJ^a Am{W H$ VmU dmt>vmzm {XgV Amho. amoojma { iv Zmhr d { imë`mg Vmo VwQ>n Om Amho. ho Agwa{jV dv mz Agë`m wio ^{dî`h$mimmr YmñVr dmq>v Amho. `m n[apñwvrbm OmJ{VH$sH$aU dm AmYw{ZH$sH$aU dm V ÌkmZ O~m~Xma Amho, Agm gmonm d gwb^ H$m` H$maU^md Zmbm gho nqy>z OmVmo. ì`švtzm EH$Q>o ns>ë`mmr ^mdzm qmvmj«ñv H$aVo. Ë`m À`mV Aghm` Agë`mMr ^mdzm {Z m U hmovo. Ë`m wio Y, n W, d emà`m H$inmV {eaê`mmr BÀN>m OJ^a {XgVo. Bñcm, qhxÿ, ~wõ, {¼íMZ, ZmPr g KQ>Zm H$S>o cmoh$ mor>çm g»`ozo div AmhoV, Vo m hvmenum wiom! g mz Hw$c{MÝh d àvrho$ AgUmè`m g yhmv OmD$Z ~mø OJmVrc VwQ>conUmdaMo CÎma emoyê`mmr Vr ì`w YS>nS> Amho. Y dm OmVrMo ZoVo hr ~m~ MmUmjnUo hoavmv. Ë`m À`m ^mfum VyZ Y ~ws>më`mmo nmn lmoë`m À`m mwr $mos>co OmVo. AY moë`mzo Y gḧ$q>mv Amcm, åhuyz ho dmb Q> {Xdg Amco- Ago R>gdyZ An m{zv OJÊ`mMr `WoÀN> ZmcñVr ho dšvo H$aVmV. ~mø ešvr{df`r ^`J S> dmt>dyz Y m gmr>r dm OmVrH$[aVm EH$Ì `oê`mmo AmdmhZ Ho$co OmVo. hr à{h«$`m A o[ah$m, {~«Q>Z, O ZrnmgyZ 93

94 VwH $ñvmzn`ªv OJ^a OmUdV Amho. àíz - "OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMr gwédmv hmovmm qhxÿ amï >dmx dmt>rg bmjbm', Ago {ZXmZ AmnU "X B {S>`Ýg- nmoq >oq> Am $ A nrnb' m nwñvh$mv Ho$bo Amho. hr à{h«$`m H$er KS>V Jobr? - ^mavm Ü`o AmYw{ZH$ {dmma éoy bmjbm, VoìhmM Ë`mbm à{vdmx åhuyz qhxþëddmxmmr nwz mªs>ur Ho$br Jobr hmovr Ü o ñwmnz Pmboë`m "amï >r` ñd` godh$ g KmZo' Ë`mMm VmpÎdH$ nm`m KmbyZ {Xbm. na Vw À`m XeH$mV qhxÿ amï >dmxmbm nmqr>~m dmt>v Jobm. Y ^mdzm Am{U amï >ào `m Zm EH$Ì AmUbo Jobo. "am ^ŠVr hrm Xoe^ŠVr' g rh$au KmbyZ Ag»` OmVr, n W `m Ü`o {di {S>V Agboë`m qhxÿ Y m bm EH$dQ>Ê`mg gwédmv Ho$br. àgma mü` o Am{U AmYw{ZH$ V ÌkmZmZo `m Ü`o AZÝ`gmYmaU ^y{ H$m ~Omdbr. XÿaXe Zda 1987 Ü o Xa a{ddmar am mz X gmja `m Mr "am m`u' hr m{bh$m gwê$ Pmbr. g nyu Xoe gd ì`dhma Wm ~dyz "am m`u' nmhv Ago. gmjaàurv "am m`u' ` Xoe Pmbm hmovm. Ë`m dmvmdaummm, Ë`m àvrh$m Mm d {MÝhm Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoV qhxÿ amï >dmxr AmH«$ H$ m S>Ur H$ê$ bmjbo. m H$mimV {dœ qhxÿ n[afx, ~Oa J Xb `m Mo Am{U ^mavr` OZVm nj `m Mo nmr>~i dmt>v Jobo. "dgwy d Hw$Qw> ~H$ ²' YyZ {dœ~ YwËd hr gḧ$ënzm Ambr hmovr. Ë`mMr OmJm Xoe~ YwËd d Y ~ YwËd `m Zr KoVbr. OmJ{VH$sH$aU, Am{W H$ CXmarH$aUmbm {Xbobo ho CÎma hmovo. m H$mimVM ehar d AmYw{ZH$ dmšà`moj ( m S>Z B{S>` ) AgUmam Ü` dj qhxÿ H$ H$m S>, àwm d na nam `m H$S>o PwHy$ bmjbm. EH$mM doir n MVmam {H$V {dúmb`mv {eju KoD$Z A o[ah$s YmQ>UrMo B J«Or ~mobumam, OmJ{VH$ ~momanor> d AË`mYw{ZH$ V ÌkmZ `m À`mer K{Zð> g ~ Y AgUmam dj qhxÿ AgÊ`mMr "AmoiI' XmIdy bmjbm. mjrb VrZ XeH$m V Cndmg H$aUmè`m À m, lmdu d ZdamÌ nmiumè`m À`m, VrW `mìobm OmUmè`m À`m g»`ov ^anya dmt> hmov Amho. {VénVr, d îumoxodr, A azmw `owrb XoU½`m Ü`o H$moQ>çdYtMr dmt> Pmbr Amho. gë` gmb ~m~m, {Z bmxodr, a{de H$a `m Mo nmr>ramio dmt>v AmhoV. wamar~mny, Amgmam ~mny `m À`m H$Wm EoH$Umao dmt>v AmhoV. aoh$s, àm{uh$ hrqbj, bm m o$am, Q>m amo, $J ewb, dmñvwemñì `m Mo ñvmo dmt>v Amho. Zì`m `wjmvrb hm "bd{mh$ qhxÿmm' Zdm AdVma Amho. `m wio qhxÿ amï >dmxmmm nmqr>~m dmt>v Jobm. "OmJ{VH$sH$aUm wio qhxÿ Y YmoŠ`mV `ov Amho. p¼üz d wpñb `m Mmhr YmoH$m Amho' hr qhxÿ amï >dmúm Mr m S>Ur bd{mh$ qhxÿ Zr gho ñdrh$mabr. hr ^rvr {Q>H$dyZ {Vbm {Xem XoÊ`mMo H$m qhxÿ amï >dmúm Zr Ho$bo. àíz - bd{mh$ qhxÿ Zm Am{W H$ AmH$m jm AgVmV. {edm` {ZdS>H$ àg Jr ì`pšvñdmv Í`XoIrb hdo AgVo. Aem doir Ë`m Mr à{v{h«$`m qhxÿ amï >dmúm À`m {damoymv Agy eho$b? - bd{mh$ qhxÿ Am{W H$ gḧ$mom ghz H$ê$ eh$uma ZmhrV. VgoM Ë`m Mr ~mø OrdZe br hr nmümî`m À`m YmQ>UrMr Agë`m wio Vo gm ñh ${VH$ ~ YZohr mzuma ZmhrV. b {JH$ ñdmv Í`, nohamd, gm X` ñnym m ~m~vrvrb hñvjon bd{mh$ qhxÿ mzuma ZmhrV. Ë`m wio bd{mh$ qhxÿ ho AOmUVonUo dm ZH$iV qhxÿ amï >dmúm À`m {damoymv OmD$ eh$vmv. àíz - OmV dm Y hr AmoiI ì`švtzm qhò H$m H$aVo? X JbtÀ`m dm VUmdmÀ`m H$mimV Xþgè`m Y m À`m {hbm da ~bmëh$ma H$am, Aer {MWmdUr pñì`m H$er XoD$ eh$vmv? àíz - VUmdmMm àg J hm `wõmmm dm OrdZ- aummm Amho, Aer ^mdzm V`ma hmovo d Ho$brhr OmVo. Aem doir Ë`m {ó`m m AmYr Ë`m Y m À`m AgVmV. Ë`m Mo ór AgUo d muyg AgUo mjo ns>vo. Eadr H$mo b d ^mdzmàymz dmq>umar {hbm hr Y YmoŠ`mV Ambm åhuyz bt>mb qoh$ê`mh$avm Xþgè`m Y m À`m {hbm da ~bmëh$ma H$aÊ`mg àd Îm H$aÊ`mÀ`m KQ>Zm AZoH$ doim KS>VmV. BVHo$M H$m`, gys> KoÊ`mgmR>r nm éfëdmbm AmìhmZ {Xbo OmVo. "Vwåhr ~m`h$s AmhmV, f T> AmhmV; ~m JS>çm ^am' Aer {MWmdUrImoa ^mfm AgVo À`m XeH$mV {eim Zm "ãby ñq>ma Am naoez'mm ~Xbm `m`mm hmovm. Voìhmhr {hbm Zr "Hw$R>o Jobr Vw À`m { em Mr AŠH$S>? ^mxê$z Q>mH$m Ë`m { em, XmT>r N>mQy>Z Q>mH$m.' AerM Vm S>mda ZmbñVr H$ê$Z {H$Ë`oH$ nwéfm Zm A{VaoH$s hmoê`mg àd Îm Ho$bo 94

95 hmovo. pñì`m Am{U A{VaoH$s `m À`mVrb m n bymo mzgemñì bjmv KoVbo nm{hoo. àíz - amord Jm Yr `m Zr {eim Mr mz{gh$ AdñWm g OyZ Ë`mMo {díbofu H$aÊ`mg Amnë`mbm nmmmau Ho$bo hmovo. AmnU Ë`m AhdmbmV H$m` åhq>bo hmovo? À`m OyZ {hý`mv ^mavr` g Ý`mZo A VgaÀ`m gwdu {XamV bîh$ar H$madmB Ho$br Am{U A{VaoŠ`m Zm g ndbo hmovo. {eim À`m n{dì Y ñwimdarb hr H$madmB hm {eim H$[aVm mz{gh$ h m hmovm. VéU eri A{Ve` {~Wabo hmovo. amord Jm Yr ho H$m±J«ogMo ga{mq>urg hmovo. gah$mah$s>o m{hvr Jmoim H$aÊ`mgmR>r àemgz, JwßVhoa ` ÌUm, amoh$s` ZoVo Ago AZoH$ òmov AgVmV. Varhr bm XheVdmÚm Mm mz{gh$ H$mZmogm KoÊ`mg gm {JVbo. eri-omq>~hþb Agboë`m XmoAm~m (gvbo d ì`mg ZXtÀ`m Yrb ^mj) ^mjmv r Jobmo. Vmo eri A{VaoŠ`m Mm ~mbo{h$ m Pmbm hmovm. VrZ {Xdg amhÿz r AZoH$ JQ>m er d a{hdmem er MMm Ho$br. {VWyZ r gwdu {XamV Jobmo. AH$mbr V»VmMr Iyn hmzr Pmbr hmovr. ~ XþH$tÀ`m mè`m wio {XamÀ`m q^vtmr MmiU Pmbr hmovr. Am{U Vo nmhÿz gm mý` eri hmxê$z OmV hmovo. JQ>mJQ>m VyZ Ë`m Mm H«$moY ì`šv hmov hmovm. {X rbm navë`mda r Ahdmb gmxa Ho$bm. {eim da XS>nemhr Mmby AgyZ ho gah$mamo X Z PwJmê$Z XoUo {ZH$S>rMo Amho. AH$mbr V»Vmdarb h m hm {eim À`m ApñVËdmdarb h m Amho. {do` ( $Voh) { imo qh$dm hm VmËå` (ehrx)- `m bt>çmv {Odm{Zer CVaUo, hom Añgb `mox²ü mmo bju Amho. hr ^mdzm gmd {ÌH$ hmovr Am{U Ë`mVyZ A{VaoH$s hm VmËå`mg V`ma hmov hmovo. OZ}bqgJ q^ðzdmbozr `mm ^mdzomm nwaonya dmna H$arV VéUm Zm ^S>H$mdbo hmovo. VéUm À`m ZmV "Cd [av Ag»` ^oh$s>m nojm r dojim Amho. Y m gmr>r OrdmMr AmhþVr XoÊ`mg {gõ hmoumè`mg BVam nojm gý mzmmo ñwmz bm^v AgVo' Aer ^mdzm {Z m U H$aÊ`mV Vmo `eñdr Pmbm hmovm. Ë`mV {hbm À`m ^S>H$mdÊ`mZo AmUIr ^a ns>v Ago. {ó`m Am{U A{VaoH$s d Îmr `m Mm g ~ Y WoQ> Amho. ( {hbm Zr nmr> { $adbr H$s, A{VaoH$snUm H«$ e: bmon nmdv OmVmo. XheVdmXr{damoYr mohr KoVmZm m n bymm {dga ns>vmo.) Ë`m doir amï >nvr P bqgj `m À`m{df`r d`ñh$a {eim Mm àjmo^ ñnï>nuo OmUdV hmovm. n VàYmZ B {Xam Jm Yr `m À`m{df`r Ë`m À`m ZmV ào Zgbo Varhr AmXa hmovm, H$S>dQ>nUm ZìhVm. P bqgj `m Zr `mo½` g m {Xbm Zmhr, AgoM gmd {ÌH$ V hmovo. B {Xam Jm Yr `m Zr XÿaXe Zdê$Z eri g wxm`mmr m $s m{jvë`mg gd H$Qw>Vm g nwï>mv `ob b, dmvmdau em V hmob b, Aer gymzm r Ho$br Ho$br hmovr; na Vw amoh$s` g mjmam Zr Vr YwS>H$mdV {eim À`m {damoymv H$R>moa nmdbo CMbÊ`mMm g m {Xbm. àíz - "H$bg Am $ ìhm`mobýg' m nwñvh$mvyz ^Jì`m-{haì`mncrH$S>o OmUmè`m qhgoà`m J{hè`m a JmH$S>o AmnU cj doyco hmovo. Ë`m Ü`o qhxÿ d wpñb XmoÝhr Y u`m Ü`o H$ mcrmr gm y{hh$ AmË ½ZVm (H$copŠQ>ìh Zm{g {gp ) Amho, VgoM qhxÿ- wpñb X ½`mMm Am{X~ Y (AmH}$Q>mBn) Amho, Ago AmnU åhuvm. Vo ñnï> H$amb? àíz - {~«{Q>em Zr 1924 Ü o Zmo{díbofU VÁk AmodoZ ~H $bo `m Zm qhxÿ- wpñc g Kfm Mr {M{H$Ëgm H$am`cm gm {JVco hmovo. ^mavr` Zmo{dícofH$ S>itZr H$bH$Î`m Ü`o n[afx ^adcr. Ë`mcm Jm YrOrgwÕm CnpñWV hmovo. " wpñc m Zr AmH«$ U H$ê$Z n{dì ^mav mvomr {dq> ~Zm Ho$ë`mMr ^mdzm qhxÿ Ü`o {XgVo. Jm`, ^y mvm, Xodr, pñì`m `m n{dì ^mdzm d {Z{fÕ H $Ë`m Zm wpñc Y $m XoVmV. qhxÿ- wpñc EoŠ`mV hm mor>m AS>ga Amho. {~«{Q>e- wpñc XmoKm Zrhr ^mavmda amá` Ho$co; na Vw {~«{Q>em {df`r EdT>m g Vmn {XgV Zmhr. XmoKohr Jmo m g ^ju H$am`Mo. {~«{Q>e ñdv Mr dñvr Xÿa R>odm`Mo, Ë`m wio Ë`mcm Omhra ñdê$n `ov Zgo. wpñc ho qhxÿà`m dñë`m Ü`o AgVmV. H$ÎmcImÝ`mV hmoumar H$Îmc, Kam Ü`o hmoumao Jmo m g ^ju {hxÿ Zm Ym{ H$ AmìhmZ XoUmao dmq>vo.'> Agm {ZîH$f Ë`m Zr H$mT>cm hmovm. "qhxÿ amîq >dmúm Zm Ë`m À`m ^y rda wpñc m Mo AmH«$ U AOyZhr N>iVo. wpñc Ag{hîUy, cwq>mê$, naho$ Agë`mMr Ë`m Mr ^mdzm AgVo. qhxÿ Ü`o "Ë`m Mr g»`m dmt>vò. Vo AmH«$ H$ AmhoV. Vo nwýhm amá` H$aVrb' hm ^`J S> Amho; Va wpñc amîq >dmúm Zm 95

96 "~hþg»` qhxÿ ho VwÀN>Vmnyd H$ d An mzmñnx dmjuyh$ XoV ApñVËd g ndm`bm {ZKmbo AmhoV,' Ago dmq>vo. ~mcnurà`m n{hë`m H$mhr dfmªvm yb "Mm Jbo d dmb Q>', "n{dì d An{dÌ' åhudë`m OmUmè`m à{v m AmoiIy cmjvo. Ë`mM doir Ë`mcm "AmnU' d "Vo' hr AmoiI hmovo. Ym{ H$ Hw$c{MÝh, n{dì-an{dì, gḧ$ënzm g Oy cmjvmv. VoìhmnmgyZM "BVam ~Ôc' VwÀN>Vm dmt>rcm cmjvo. qhxÿ- wpñc, Aa~-Á`y, {MZr-{V~oQ>r EH$ oh$m {df`r K Um {eh$vm mor>o hmovmv. "Amnë`m n{dì' gḧ$ënzm Mm AmXa Am{U "Ë`m À`m An{dÌVo'~Ôc hoq>miur dmty> cmjvo. XmoÝhr Y u`m Ü`o H$ mcrmr g yh AmË ½ZVm (H$copŠQ>ìh Zm{g {gp ) AmT>iVo. Xþgè`mMr hrzvm d ñdv Mo loîr>ëd `m~m~v XmoKohr {Z e H$ AgVmV. {nt>çmz²{nt>çm `m gm y{hh$ ñ VtMm dmagm Omonmgcm Jocm Amho. ^mavmmr $miur hr H$m` Mr R>gR>gVr OI Amho. ~m~ar erx nmsy>z Q>mH$Ê`mZo wpñb m À`m ApñVËdmbm YŠH$m ~gbm Amho. qhxÿ d wpñb ho EH$ oh$m À`m H $Ë`mH$S>o gx d gë`mzom ~KV AgVmV. hr d Îmr g Kfm cm nmofh$ dmvmdau {Z m U H$aVo. Zm Ü`o X JcrMr Xmê$ R>mgyZ ^acocrm AgVo. Hw$R>ë`mhr {Z{ ÎmmZo ñ $moq> hmovmo. d `pšvh$ AñdñWVm, gd gmymau A{ZpíMV n[apñwvr, ^m~s>onum hr H$maUo A $dm CJdm`cm nwaoer AgVmV. {H$Vrhr Q>moH$mMr A $dm dmq>cr, Var Vnmgcr Z OmVm {dídmg R>odcm OmVmo. dfm Zwdf} Ë`mM A $dm X Jcrnydu d X JcrV ngadë`m OmVmV. ~mcnumnmgyz dmt>v Jococr qhxÿ- wpñc g yh ZmVrc pñwa ^«{dh $Vr (n am Zm BS> hmoñq>o{cq>r) qhgogmr>r g m AgVo. YJYJUmam gë` ^S>H$m CS>dVmo. {Z{ Îm mì KQ>ZoZ Va O mdmà`m epšvàxe ZmZo X Jc gwê$ hmovo. Aem Pw S>r Ü`o {dmmamcm Wmam ZgVmo. 18 Vo 25 d`mojq>mvë`m VéUm Mr g KQ>ZoV gm rc hmoê`mmr mz{gh$ JaO AgVo. ñdv ncrh$s>o OmUmè`m CXmÎm Ü`ò mgmr>r PmoHy$Z XoÊ`mMr g n U BÀN>m à~i Agë`mZo VéU d`mvm g KQ>Zm, nj, n W, Y m cm dmhÿz KoVco OmVo. Eadr gmym, nmn^rê$ dmq>umam VéU X JcH$mimVrc Pw S>rV ~o^mz hmod$z qhgm H$ê$ eh$vmo. àíz - "H$bg Am $ ìhm`mobýg' YyZ AmnU 1990 Ü o h Xam~mX X JcrMo {dàn>oxz Ho$bo hmovo. Ë`mH$aVm ñdv:mm Ord YmoŠ`mV KmbyZ XmoÝhr Y mªvrb Jw S>m À`m ^oq>r KoVë`m hmoë`m. ^mfum Mm AÝd` bmdbm hmovm. Ë`m{df`r... - h Xam~mXoV 1990 Ü o Pmcoë`m X Jcrbm àm{v{z{yh$ mzyz qhxÿ- wpñc mzg bm OmUyZ `md`mmo hmovo. åhuyz r XmoÝhr Y mªvrb ZoË`m er àë`j ~mv{mv Ho$br. Ë`m À`m ghh$mè`m er Jßnm maë`m. nmocrg Ahdmc nm{hbo. gîmmymar d {damoyr JQ>mMo V OmUyZ KoVbo. `mvyz Ë`m Mr ì`pšv Îdo CcJS>cr Jobr. XmoÝhr Y mªvrb ZoË`m Mr KS>U hr gmairm AgVo. Ë`m H$mir h Xam~mX Yrb {OX ImZ, AH$~a d JcqgJ `m À`m Ü`o A $cmvyz gmå` {Xgbo hmovo. n cdmz, J rvrc XmXm, {H$aH$moi V Q>çmV {do`r hmouo, ~oh$m`xm Y Xo `mvyz Ë`m À`mH$S>o ZoV Ëd MmcV Ambo. gjù`m Mo cú` Am{U dmq>mmc Am XmaH$sH$S>oM! {OX ImZ åhumbm, ""X Jc Am{U EH$ {XdgmMm {H«$Ho$Q> gm Zm XmoÝhr gmaiom! Ymdm åhuoo ~ir! Vwåhr EH$ Var ~ir OmñV KoVcm, VaM qoh$vm. qoh$bm VaM ZoVonU {Q>H$Vo.'' Va EH$mM doir VocwJy Xog, ^mon, H$m±J«og Am Xma `m À`mer OdirH$ AgUmam JbqgJ gm JVmo, ""H$m±J«oggmo~V BVH$s df} H$mTy>Zhr Amåhmcm Vwé JmV Q>mH$VmV. Ë`mnojm ^mavr` OZVm nj ~am; {ZXmZ qhxÿ gmr>r ct>vmo.''> Ë`m "XmXm n H$s' Hw$Urhr Zmo{dH $V (gm`h$mon W) ZìhVo. na Vw BVam da dm ñd JmOdÊ`mMr Ë`m Mr d Îmr hmovr. `mvyzm amjgrnu g MmaVo Am{U Ago nw S> VéU {nt>rmo Zm`H$ R>aVmV. Ë`m H$mimV gmüdr F$V ^am d C~oXþcImZ AmP r `m À`m ì`m»`mzm Mm àgma PnmQ>çmZo Pmbm hmovm. XmoKm Mrhr e br gmairm hmovr. ho dšvo àvrho$- Jm ademcr dmagm `m Mr AmR>dU XoD$Z nm éfëdmcm AmìhmZ H$arV. gmh{oh$m g mo{hv Pmcoco OZ mzg AmH«$ H$ ~Zm`Mo. `m dšë`m Mr ^mfm, CXmhaUo hr gd gm mý`m À`m Vm S>mVyZ VerM `ov Ago. AmH«$ H$Vm AmVyZ V`ma PmbobrM AgVo, `mo½` gÿr `ovmm Vr ~mhoa `ovo. Vo g OyZ KoÊ`mH$aVm r 10 Vo 15 dfmªà`m wcm- wctmo JQ> H$ê$Z, Ë`m Zm qhxÿ d wpñc nohamdmà`m 96

97 ~mhþë`m {Xë`m. Vwåhr qhxr {MÌnQ> {X½Xe H$ AmhmV, Ago g OyZ WamaH$ Ñí`o V`ma H$am`cm gm {JVco. ~hþvoh$ wcm- wctzm nmoemimdê$z qhxÿ- wpñc ^ox g OV hmovm. 15 n H$s 10 wcm Zr qhxÿ- wpñc m Mr mam mar cmdcr. wctzr H$m Qw> {~H$ àg JmMo Ñí` a J{dco. X Jc nm{hcoë`m wcm À`m à{v{h«$`m A{YH$ Vrd«hmoË`m. XmoÝhr Y v`mà`m A V ZmV d a^md Imocda XS>cm Amho. X~m Yê$Z ~gcoco Eo{Vhm{gH$ eìwëd H$Yrhr Cgir KoD$ eh$vo, ho gd à{v{h«$`m VyZ R>iH$nUo OmUdbo hmovo. àíz - Ü``wJrZ ^mavmbm AmYw{ZH$VoH$S>o ZoVmZm adtðzmw Q>mJmoa, hmë m Jm Yr d Zohê$ `m Zm OZgm mý`m Mm ^akmog nmqr>~m H$gm { imbm? Ë`m doir AgUmè`m H$S>ì`m qhxþëddmxr {dmmam nmgyz bmoh$ Xÿa H$m am{hbo? Jm Yr, ZoëgZ S>obm, m{q >Z ë`ywa qh$j `m Zm ñdrh$maumè`m Xoem VM Ë`m À`m AqhgoÀ`m yë`m Zm nwt>o H$m ZmH$mambo Jobo? - Jm Yr, ZoëgZ S>obm, m{q >Z ë`ywa ho "ñd'mm bmon nmdbobo ZoVo Z {VH$ ÑîQ>çm Amnë`mnojm A{Ve` Cƒ XOm Mo AmhoV, `mmr gd gm mý` OZVobm Zmo Z ImÌr hmovr. Ë`m À`m Agm mý` d CÎmw J ì`pšv Îdm wio bmoh$m Zr AmYr Ë`m Zm ñdrh$mabo Am{U Ë`m wio Ë`m À`m yë`m Mm ñdrh$ma Ho$bm. gḧ$ënzm dm yë`o `m wio bmoh$ H$YrM ^mamdv ZmhrV. g J«ì`pŠV Îd hom AmH$f U AgVo. Jm Yr, ZoëgZ S>obm, m{q >Z ë`ywa `m Zm AqhgoÀ`m yë`mzo Midir Cä`m H$aVm Amë`m d {Q>H$dVm Amë`m. Vo BVa Hw$Umbm O Uo eš` Zmhr. hrm ~m~ Q>mJmoa Am{U Zohê$ `m À`m~m~Vhr hmovr. Q>mJmoa, Jm Yr d Zohê$ `m À`m H$mimVrb AmìhmZo Am{U Ë`m ì`švr XmoÝhrhr CXmÎm hmovo. dgmhvdmxmvyz wšvvm Am{U Xoe C^maUr ho ñ y${v Xm`H$ hv²h$m` g moa hmovo. Ë`m g ñ`m Mo ñdê$nm A{Ve` ì`mnh$ d d {œh$ hmovo. ñwm{zh$vobm `pëh ${MVhr hîd ZìhVo. Hw$Qw> ~, OmV m H$embmhr hîd ZìhVo. ho hmz ZoVo hmovo Vmon`ªVM Vo dmvmdau {Q>H$bo. Ë`m À`m nümv AmnU yi nxmda Ambmo Am{U nwýhm Hw$Qw> ~, OmV dm Y `m À`mV Jwa $Qy>Z Jobmo. àíz - Y {ZanojVm, gd Y g ^md KoD$Z g mdoeh$ amï >dmxmvyz (BÝŠbw{Pìh Z ez {bp ) Ym{ H$ gm Oñ` dmt>dê`mmo à`ëz m à`mojmbm `m Xm H$m d H$em Amë`m? - AmVm ^mavmnmgyz Bñbm{ H$ Xoemn`ªV OJ^a {ZdS>H$ amï >dmxmmr (EŠñŠbw{Pìh Z ez {bp ) AmJoHy$M Mmby Amho. A o[aho$ Ü`o dm {eh$ amï >dmx Va `wamon Ü`o ^y{ nwìm Mm amï >dmx da Ambm Amho. `mdê$z CXma d g mdoeh$ amï >dmxmbm ZmnmgyZ mzumao d ñdrh$maumao H$ r Pmbo, ho bjmv `ov Amho. Am{W H$ {dh$mg Pmë`mg gm m{oh$ d Ym{ H$ VUmd H$ r hmob b, Agm Y {ZanojVmdmÚm Mm AmemdmX hmovm. Am{W H$ dm amoh$s` gämzovyz gxgx²{ddoh$ KS>dVm `ob b, Aer Anojm H$aUo MwH$sMo Amho. gm ñh ${VH$ na nam m {nt>çmz²{nt>çm gḧ«${ V hmov AgVmV. m na nam "Amnbm d nah$m, AmßV d eìy' R>adV AgVmV. Aem dmvmdaumv Jm YtZm A{^àoV "{MaH$mb öx`m Mo EoŠ`' dm "g ñh $Vrg J ' XþamnmñV Amho. AmnU ~hþ{dy g ñh $Vr mý` H$aUo {ehy$ `m. àíz - qhxÿ d wpñb Y u`m Mm Ym{ H$ AmoiI XmIdÊ`mMm AmJ«h dmt>v AgVmZm XmoÝhr Y u`m V gm Oñ` H$go dmty> eho$b? - mâ`m Vo Y, hr ~m~ ImgJr Agbr nm{hoo. E[a³gZgmo~V S>m.H$ $a 97

98 Vwåhr KamÀ`m AmV Vw Mm {dœmg AgUmao H$moUVohr Ym{ H$ {dyr H$aÊ`mMo ñdmv Í` `m. na Vw gmd O{ZH$ OrdZ mì Ym{ H$ gmnù`m nmgyz Xÿa R>odbo nm{hoo. Amhma, dof^yfm `mda ~ YZo Agy Z`oV; na Vw {ddmh, KQ>ñ $moq>, dmagm hšh$ `mh$[avm EH$M ZmJar H$m`Xm AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. àíz - "{Z^ `Vm hr AmÜ`mpË H$VoMr àmw{ H$ {ZH$S> Amho. ^oh$s> H$Yrhr Z {VH$ Agy eh$v ZmhrV' Ago mzumè`m Jm YrOtZm AmnU "Zì m AÜ`mË mmo àuovo' mzvm. Ë`m Mr gë`m{df`rmr {Zð>m d Aqhgm hr yë`o `m Mm Ë`m À`m Midirer AmnU H$gm g ~ Y bmdvm? - Jm Yr ho amoh$maur hmovo Am{U g VXoIrb! Vo g modmxr d AamÁ`dmXr (AZm{H $ñq>) d na namdmxrhr hmovo. Vo amoh$s` Am{U Ë`mM doir gm m{oh$ H$m` H$V}XoIrb hmovo. Vo Ym{ H$ AgyZhr Ago {dbju CXma hmovo. Ë`m Zm ZmpñVH$mÀ`m ZmpñVH$Vo Ü`o B œa {XgV Ago. ñdv: Yrb AZoH$ A V{d amoy nyu nuo OmUUmao Jm Yr ho EH$ mor>o JyT> hmovo. ñdv:à`m jw H$ MwH$m, A VJ V g Kf, ñdv:à`m ImgJr ~m~m {df`r OmhranUo dmà`vm H$aÊ`mMo Abm {H$H$ Y ` Ë`m À`mH$S>o hmovo. Vo A VamË m d gë` `m ZmM B œa mzv hmovo. "gë` åhuoo ewõ {ddoh$! gë` hom g nyu OJmbm EH$gŸ H$ê$ eh$vo' Ago gm JUmè`m Jm YtMm A VamË m hm m Z, ZZ, qmvz `mvyz àjë^ d H$éUm `r hmov Jobm. AmßV, ZmVodmB H$, gmo~vmo gmwrxma `m Mm g mhr ~moybm R>odyZ Am V[aH$ AmdmOà muo dmq>mmb H$aÊ`mMo Y ` Ë`m À`mH$S>o hmovo. BVam H$aVm H$ mbrmo CXma AgUmao Jm Yr ho ñdv: d AmßVm ~m~v A{Ve` H$R>moa hmovo. namh$moq>rmr {Z:ñdmWu d Îmr Agë`m wio Ë`m Mr gë`{zð>m d Aqhgm hr EH$ odm{ûvr` hmovr. Jm YtMo AÜ`mËå` ho mojàmßvr AWdm gd g Jn[aË`mJ `mh$avm ZìhVo; CbQ> g^modvmbmo OJ ~XbÊ`mH$aVm hmovo. " mpm AmÜ`mpË H$ emoy Iam Amho H$s ImoQ>m, ho mhrv Zmhr; na Vw Vmo Zoh rm gm m{oh$ godovyz Mmby Amho' Ago gm JUmè`m Jm YtMo AÜ`mËå` ho A{Ve` Xþ{ i hmovo. Ë`m Zm ho gmao Cn{ZfX Am{U ^JdX²JrVoVyZ C Jbo hmovo. OZgm mý`m nmgyz Xÿa {h mb`mv OmD$Z AWdm JwhoV ~gyz Ü`mZ AWdm B œaàmßvrgmr>r PQ>Umao AÜ`mË ho gm mý`m Zm mor>o JyT> dmqy> bmjvo. bmoh$m Zm Vo A{Ve` XÿaMo d ghojë`m Z àmßv hmoumao AÜ`mË dmq>vo. `m gdmªnojm Jm YtMo AÜ`mË ho dojio Am{U gdmª Ü`o d gmd O{ZH$ OrdZmV amhÿz {Z:g J amhumao hmovo. ì`mdhm[ah$ OJmV amhÿz AÜ`mË mbm ZmdrÝ` AmUUmao hmovo. Jm YtZm ào mmo {eia ga H$aÊ`mV `e { imbo hmovo. Ë`m Mr H$éUm hr gd ì`mnr hmovr. A{Ve` {~H$Q> n[apñwvrv {damoyh$m dagwõm ào H$aUo, ho Ho$di g Vm ZmM eš` Amho. Aem {eiamh$s>o VimÀ`m N>mdUrVyZ (~og H±$n) nmhuo hogwõm Amnbo ^m½` g Obo nm{hoo. àíz - H$éUm d {Z:ñdmWunUm `m Mm mmg ñwoer g ~ Y Amho, Agm {ZîH$f Xÿ{dkmZmVrb gëmoyzmvyz Ambm Amho; Va Zmo{díbofH$ {Z:ñdmWunUmH$S>o gë`mzo H$m nmhvmv? - Zmo{díbofUemñÌ ho AmYw{ZH$ d nmümî` {dmmamvyz Ambobo Agë`m wio Vo {Z:ñdmWu d ÎmrH$S>o gë`mzo nmhvo. ñdv: Xþ:I ghz H$ê$Z ñdv:{df`r ghmzw^yvr {Z m U H$aÊ`mÀ`m BÀN>oVyZ {Z:ñdmWunUmMr H $Vr `ovo, Ago Zmo{díbofUemñÌ mzvo. VgoM {Z:ñdmWunUmbm "{ZamoJr AmË àrvrdmx (hoëxr Zm{g {gp ) Ago mzbo OmVo. BVam gmr>r Mm Jbo H$aÊ`mVyZ ñdv:mrhr CÞVmdñWm gmyumè`m ì`švrmo dv Z ho gmozoar {Z` mzwgma Amho, Ago Zmo{díbofH$ mzvmv. AZmoiIr mugm À`m doxzm nmhÿz ñdv:bmhr doxzm hmod$ eh$vmv. hr ghazw^yvr AbrH$S>À`m Xÿ{dkmZmV àë`j {XgyZ Ambr Amho. j m, {Z:ñdmWunUm, H$éUm Aem gh$mamë H$ d CXmÎm ^mdzm wio earamv Am pšgq>m {gz J«Wr òdvmv Am{U ñdv:bmhr CËgmh d A{^ mz dmqy> bmjvmo, Ago {gõ Pmbo Amho. gm m{oh$ OrdZmV {Z:ñdmWunUmMm Jm YtMm AmJ«h hm ñdßzmiynum ^mgv Agbm Var; H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV Vo EH$ CËH«$m Vr Yrb dmñvd Amho, ho {gõ Ambo Amho. àíz - ZoVm V`ma H$aVmZm gm mý` OZVm hr à{v më H$ {dmma H$aVo. ^mavr` OZ mzgmv CXma amom 98

99 dm {Z:g J g Ý`mgr m à{v m Mm Am{X~ Y {Z m U Pmbm Amho. ho gyì AmOhr bmjy Amho? - gm mý` OZVm hr Zoh rm Agm mý`ëdmà`m emoymv AgVo. AmnU gmao "ñd' d Hw$Qw> ~mv Jwa $Q>bobo AgVmo. Ë`m Zm "ñd'nbrh$s>o OmUmar, gd ~ Ym nmgyz wšv Aem CXmÎm ì`švrmr g Ý`mgr d Îmr ZmnmgyZ ^mdvo. gd gmymaunuo ho gyì ~è`mm doim {XgyZ `ovo. Ho$di ^mavmvm Zìho Va X{jU Am{e`mVhr Á`mMo bmjo~m Yo ZmhrV, Hw$Qw> ~hr Zmhr Aem ì`švtmm ñdrh$ma gho hmovmo. `m {R>H$mUr Xodr hr à{v m Imobda éobr Amho. Ë`m wiom X{jU Am{e`mV AZoH$ {hbm m amï >à wi hmod$ eh$ë`m. B {Xam Jm Yr, ~ozpra ^wå>mo, ImboXm {P`m, M {ÐH$m Hw$ mavw Jo AgmoV dm O`b{bVm, m`mdvr, Vm ~ ZOu- m ZoË`m Mm ñdrh$ma hm m à{v m VyZ Amho. Jm Yr, O`àH$me Zmam`U `m À`m Ü`o bmoh$m Zm gmyyd Îmr OmUdbr; Va Zohê$, {dídzmw àvmn qgh, amord Jm Yr, AQ>b{~hmar dmonò r ho CXma amoo dmq>bo. Za Ð moxr `m À`m Ü`o H$R>moa amom d {Z:g J `m XmoÝhr à{v m Agë`mMo OZVobm ^mgbo. àíz - Xodr mzyz amîq >à wi H$aUmao OZ mzg Am{U naomvrv {ddmh Ho$bm åhuyz ñdv:à`m wbrbm dm ~{hurbm R>ma mê$z Q>mH$Umao dm {M was>rda ~bmëh$ma H$aUmao Z `m Mo {díbofu H$go H$am`Mo? - mzdmmr mz{gh$ gämzm ( Q>b H$ÝñQ >ŠeZ) hr IynM Am{X AgVo. Vo A~moY ZmÀ`m AaÊ`mV Imobda XS>bobo AgVo. ~mbnumnmgyz qbj^md d g ~ Y (O S>a A±S> O S>a [aboeýg) `m Mr AmMmag {hvm d AmXe dmx ho g ñh$ma åhuyz éodbo OmVmV. ñìr hr ì`švr Amho, Aer {eh$du ZgyZ Vr "^mojdñvy' Amho, `mmm njs>m à^mdr AgVmo. Aer {ZZmdr d AZmoiIr ñìr hr gho d gmonr ~ir AgVo. {M was>çm darb AË`mMma H$aUmao Z ho Am{X d Ag ñh $V Amho. AmYw{ZH$ {dmmam Zr ì`{º$ñdmv Í` d d `pšvh$ gý mz `m Zm H $Ðr^yV mzbo Amho. mì AmnU AOyZhr {dmma H$aVmZm g mommm dm OmVrMm KQ>H$ åhuyz H$aVmo. hm {damoym^mg g OyZ KoVbm nm{hoo. ñìr hr H$mMoMo ^m S>o, órmo nm{dí` d B mv Am{U nyom d gý mz m EH$mM ZmÊ`mÀ`m XmoZ ~moy AmhoV. ñdv:à`m Hw$Qw> ~mmo ào d AmË gý mz Am{U Hw$Qw> ~mmr B^«V d B mv m g Kfm Ü`o órzo ñdv:hÿz ~ir Jobo nm{hoo, hr ^mdzm åhuoo ho VWmH${WV "Am Za {H$qbJ' Amho. ghgm VéU ^md$ dm Hw$Qw> ~mvrb AmßV hom wbrmm Ord KoÊ`mg g m hmovmv. Hw$Qw> ~mvrb BVa gxñ`m À`m gwa{jv ^{dvì`mgmr>r KoVbobr Vr I~aXmar AgVo. hm ~ir Ë`m À`m OmVrVrb BVam Zm XmI{dÊ`mgmR>r KoVbm OmVmo. OmVrer {Zð>m hr ì`švr dm Hw$Qw> ~mnojm A{YH$ mobmmr mzbr OmVo. Amnë`mbm wbtmo ~ir Wm ~dm`mo AgVrb Va Ë`m Zm XÿfUo XoD$Z moh$io hmovm `ouma Zmhr. Ë`m À`mer H$ënH$VoZo g dmx gmybm nm{hoo. OmVrnojm nmoq>mr wbjr hr A{YH$ OdiMr Amho. nmbh$ëdmmo H$V ì` ho OmVrnojm Cƒ XOm Mo Amho, hr ^mdzm éodmdr d dmt>dmdr bmjob. gm m{oh$ mü` o d VimJmimV H$m H$aUmè`m g ñwm `m À`m gmømzo, " wbtzm nmr>~i XoUmè`m nmbh$m Zm A{YH$ à{vð>m Amho' ho R>gdmdo bmjob. àíz - àë`oh$ {gpìhbm`poezmr OJmH$S>o nmhê`mmr dojir ÑîQ>r (dës> ìhçy) AgVo H$m`? ^mavr`m Mr Vr H$er Amho? - àë`oh$ {gpìhbm`poezà`m H$mhr gḧ$ënzm {Q>Hy$Z amhvmv. mzdr ApñVËdm{df`rÀ`m YmaUm, Am`wî`mMo A {V C{Ôï> Am{U Vo gmü` H$aVmZmMr H$V ì`o d {Z{fÕVm `m {df`rà`m arvr^mvrvyz OJmH$S>o nmhê`mmm Ñ{ï>H$moZ {XgVmo. m Ñï>rMm ^mavr` VÎdkmZmer g ~ Y `ov Zmhr. nwamuh$wm, X VH$Wm, à{v m, àvrho$, lõm `mvyz hr ÑîQ>r ì`šv hmov AgVo. nydu bhmz wbm Zm gm {JVë`m OmUmè`m Jmoï>rVyZ Am{U Z Va qhxr {MÌnQ>, Xÿa{MÌdmUrdarb m{bh$m `mvyz hr Ñï>r na naogmair nwt>o gah$v OmVo. moj, Y Am{U H$ hm ^mavr` Ñï>rMm Jm^m Amho. Vmo ^m {VH$VonbrH$S>rb Amho. Hw$Qw> ~, OmV d Y `m À`mer ~m Ybo OmÊ`mV Amho. àíz - AmnU ñdv:bm Zmo{díbofH$ mzvm H$s ZmoB{VhmgH$ma (gm`h$mo{hñq> [a`z)? - r ñdv:bm gm ñh ${VH$ mzgemñìk mzvmo. M[aÌ {b{hvmzm r ZmoB{VhmgH$ma AgVmo. ì`švr g OyZ KoVmZm Eo{Vhm{gH$ d gm ñh ${VH$ gẍ^ A{YH$ 99

100 OmUyZ KoVmo. Zmo{díbofH$m Zm Ë`mMr VodT>r JaO ^mgv Zmhr. àíz - Amnbm mzdr dv Zm{df`r d Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ H$gm Amho? - {dmma H$aVmZm Vmo gmd {ÌH$ ìhmdm. Ë`mMo d pídh$rh$au ìhmdo, hr Anojm MwH$sMr Amho. gẍ^ hîdmmm Amho (H$m±Q>oŠñMwA{cQ>r). Ë`mZwgma ~Xb H$amdm bmjob. àíz - åhuoo gmnojvmdmxr ([abo{q>pìhñq>)? - mugmà`m dv ZmVrb d pídh$vm g OyZ KoVmZm Ë`mMo ñwm{zh$ d VmËH$m{bH$ gẍ^ hr nm{hbo nm{hoov. Hw$R>ë`mhr EH$m {gõm Vm Ü`o dm gyìm Ü`o Zwî`mbm ~gdvm `ov Zmhr. hr `m Xm Ü`mZmV R>odmdr, m AWm Zo r `m {XV gmnojvmdmxr Amho. àíz - d`mmr E er JmR>ë`mda Am`wî`mH$S>o mjo diyz nmhvmzm H$m` amhÿz Jobo Ago dmq>vo? - mpo Am`wî` A{Ve` em V Jobo. bm dm mâ`m OdiÀ`m Zm Hw$R>brhr qhgm dm `wõ ghz H$amdo bmjbo Zmhr. A{^ì`ŠVr H$aVmZm ñdmv Í`mMm gḧ$mom Pmbm Zmhr, ho r mpo ^m½`m mzvmo. amhÿz Jobobo åhum`mo Va bm H${dVm H$aVm Amë`m AgË`m, Va go ZerbVoMm AmZ X KoVbm AgVm. àíz - Amnbo AmdS>Vo H$dr? - nmümî`m n H$s {dë` `rq²g, am`za [aëho$, nmãbmo ZoéXm, {WAmoXa amowh$, CXÿ Vrb { Pm Jm{b~ d $O Ah X $O! àíz - AmdS>Vo {X½Xe H$? - nmümë`m n H$s B J ma ~J Z. ^mavr`m Yrb AZoH$! gë`{ov am`, Umb goz, F$pËdH$ KQ>H$, í`m ~ozojb, AbrH$S>rb {demb ^maûmo, Xrnm H$a ~ ZOu. wcmiv : AVwc XoD$iJmdH$a atul.deulgaonkar@gmail.com Mob. : H$ $a `m Mr J«Wg nxm 1. «o${s >H$ Q>oba- E ñq>s>r BZ ng Z {bq>r A±S> BZmoìhoeZ H$m pýâbšq> A±S> Mm Bg B {S>`Z MmBëS>hÿS> X BZa dës> e Ýg, { pñq>šg A±S> S>m ŠQ>g Q>oëg Am $ bìh, gošg A±S> S>oÝOa B {Q> oq> [aboeýg X A Z{bñQ> A±S>{ pñq>h$ X H$bg Am $ ìhm`moboýg H$ëMa A±S> gm`h$s B {S>`Z bìh ñq>moaro X B {S>`Ýg- nmoq >oq> Am $ nrnb B {S>`Z Am`S >{Q>Q>r S> A±S> {S>ìhmBZ-pñn[aQ> A±S> gm`h$s BZ X m S>Z dës> BgopÝe`b am`qq>½o Am $ gwyra H$ $a E ~wh$ Am $ o ar ` J Q>mJmoa- oqh$j Am $ E {O{Z`g H$m gyì- { {ZEMa B{S>eZ - ghboih$- d S>r S>mo{ZJa H$m X~ar 1. X A go{q>h$ Am $ {S>Pm`a ram A±S> hmë m EŠQ> gr X {H«$ågZ W«moZ X S>opìhb Q>oH$ bìh X grh$a g nm{xv nwñvho$ 1. Am`S >{Q>Q>r A±S> A S>ëQ>hÿS> S >råg A±S> S >rq J {gar`gbr ñq > O - qwqh$j AÝ`y A~mCQ> gm`{h$h$b Ep³ñn[a`Ýgog S>oW A±S> S>mB J Am Z {H«$E{Q>pìhQ>r

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109 {dxþfrmo Zmok qmvz {dz hs>uh$a ñdv:mmm hodm dmq>mdm Aer EH$ AmR>dU XþJm ~mb ^mjdvm ~ÔcMr Amho. (XþJm ~mbªzm H$moUVohr {deofu cmdco Var Anwao R>aUma `mmr ImÌrM Amho, åhuyz Ë`m mohmv Z ns>uo Mm Jco!) 1976 Mm Zmoìh ~a {hzm hmovm. r ZwH$VrM nwuo {dúmnrr>mv nrem. S>r. gmr>r `yorgr {eî`d Îmr { idyz H$m mcm gwédmv Ho$cr hmovr. g Ü`mH$mir 6 À`m gw mamg moq>agm`h$cdê$z O`H$a J«Wmc`mVyZ {ZKyZ JmdmV `ovmzm {dúmnrr> JoQ> Am{U JUoeqIS> añvm `m mjm da $maer ahxmar Zgm`Mr; AmH$memH$S>o gho ~KVm `m`mo. amoo ZdZì`m a Jm Mr {Za{Zamir {S>PmBÝg ~KÊ`mV AmR>dS>m^a Joë`mda ZmV Amco H$s, "F$VwMH$' Ü`o XþJm ~mbªzr H$m{V H$ {hý`m~ôc H$m` åhq>c Amho Vo nmhmdo. nwñvh$ g J«hr hmovo. nmz CKS>c - "g Ü`ma {OV H$m{V H$'! XþJm ~mbªà`m {ZarjUmer Amncohr nmhuo Owico `mmm AmZ X AdU Zr` hmovm; Ë`m Zm àë`j ^oq>ë`mmo g mymz Ë`m jumv hmovo! dmmzmmr AmdS> Agcoë`m {dúmï`mªzm emiovm gz Ycr AmUr~mUr B {Xam Jm YtZr ñdv:mr gîmm {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r cmxcr hmovr. {VMm gdmªzr g{h«$` {Y $ma H$amdm, Ë`m njmà`m gah$maer AghH$ma nwh$mamdm, H$moUË`mhr emgzmmo dadamo ñdê$n Am{U A V:ñdê$n g OyZ KoVë`mdaM Ë`m~ÔcMr ^y{ H$m R>admdr. eš`vmo {Z^ `nuo ñdv:à`m nm`mda C^o amhÿz emgzmcm hq>h$ê`mmm A{YH$ma { idmdm. ì`º$s-vîdkmz `m Mr ~m {YcH$s Z ñdrh$mavm, lõoà`m Amhmar Z OmVm ~wõrà`m AmYmamda {ZdS> H$amdr. nu `mhrnojm ñdv:à`m ñdmv Í`mMo mj ñdv: {ZpíMV H$ê$Z "ñdmyrz ìhmdo'- hr XþJm ~mbªmr ^y{ H$m Am{U `m {df`mmo H$mhr Eo{Vhm{gH$ gẍ^ `m Mr MMm H$aUo hm mâ`m H$V ì`mmm ^mj Va hmovmm, nu AmZ XmMmhr hmovm. 109

110 nmr>çnwñvh$m YyZ hîdmmo coih$ m{hvr hmovmv; Voìhm XþJm ~mbªmo Zmd 1960 À`m XeH$mVM H$ico hmovo. Ë`m Mo "F$VwMH$' ho Vgo chmzgo, nu Ame`mZo IƒyZ ^acoco nwñvh$ JmOV hmovo. 8dr Vo 10dr À`m amr>r nwñvh$mv "lmdugmiir' Am{U " okí`m AmfmT>' ho XmoZ coi dmmê`mv Amco hmovo. Ë`mM nwñvh$mvrc EH$m nmh$moirmo Vnercdma du Z Va $mam Y $mxm`h$ dmq>co hmovo. H$maU Am À`m {heo~r nmh$moir åhuoo Am YionUmZo {JaŠ`m KoVm-KoVm O{ Zrda ns>ë`mda Ho$agwUrZo mê$z Q>mH$Uo- Ago CnÐd yë` VodT>o hmovo. Ka H$m cmê$ Agë`mZo nmh$moù`m Mm VwQ>dS>m H$YrM ns>cm Zmhr. ~KUmè`m ì`º$sà`m ZOaoV gm X` AgVo; dñvy Ü`o AgocM Ago Zmhr, hm {gõm V Z Va H$im`Mm hmovm. "F$VwMH$' { idyz dmmë`mz Va H«$ mzo "ì`mgnd ' Am{U "^md wðm' ho XmoZ g J«h dmmco hmovo. Ë`m H$mimV Eo{Vhm{gH$ Am{U nm am{uh$ {df`m da {c{hê`mmr gmwm Amcr hmovr; H$Xm{MV "``m{v' Am{U "ñdm r' (Xoe wi H $nzrà`mm) `m XmoZ H$mX ~è`m À`m AgmYmaU cmoh${à`vo wio! BamdVr H$d} `m Mo "`wjmýv'hr AmåhrM àh$m{ev Ho$co hmovo. e. Xm. n S>go, AZ Vamd AmR>dco, AmZ X gmyco `m Mohr hm^mavmdamo J«W O ~gdyz hmovo. (am m`umnojm hm^mavmda Zoh rm OmñV coiz Pmco Amho.) Ë`m wio "ì`mgnd ' Ü`o {df`mmo dojionu hmovo, Ago åhuvm `ouma Zmhr. m {ch$vm (Amo[a{OZ {cq>r) hmovr Vr Ñ{ï>H$moZmMr Am{U e crmr. "ì`mgnd 'Mr àñvmdzm Am{U H$U, AOw Z `m À`mdaMo "EH$mH$s' d "n[ah$woh$sy>z dmñvdmh$s>o' ho XmoZ coi Ë`m À`m Yë`m love-hate g ~ Ym Mr dojirm m S>Ur H$aV hmovo. H$Um À`m dmq>çmcm H$m` M XmhH$ dmñvd Amco hmovo Am{U XmhH$ dmñvd g moa `ovmm AOw ZmMr JmiU CS>mcr. hm Vgm hm^mavmmo nma n[ah$ nõvrzo {Zê$nU H$aÊ`mV íjyc AgUmè`m coih$m À`m Ñï>rZo AS>MUrMm Agcocm wôm XþJm ~mbªzr ghonuo, Vgo eãx Z dmnavm AYmoaopIV Ho$cm hmovm; ho Z Va H$ico. Ë`mhrnwT>o OmD$Z Agohr cjmv Amco H$s- BVam Zm AS>MUrV Q>mH$Umao, AdKS> dmq>umao coiz Ho$di AmË {dídmgm YyZ `oumè`m H$V ì`^mdzovyz ( rm ho H$ê$ eh$vo/ho$co nm{hoo) Z H$aVm a{gh$vozo, c{cv e crvyz H$aUo ho ~mbªmo gm Ï` hmovo. "^md wðm' Ycm d Yì` Amco Var ñdv:cm H$moUVohr gwi Z ZmH$maVm, ñdv:à`m earammr Amgº$s wirm Z gmos>umè`m B {Xam~mB damm coi mpohr d` OgOgo dmt>v Joco VgVgm OmñV H$iV Jocm. jwð nmh$moirà`m a Jgm X`m Mo g{dñva du Z H$aUmè`m XþJm ~mb Ë`m ñd` ¾ {dydoà`m JwQ>JwQ>rVnUmÀ`m gẍ^m V "am S> m g' hm eãx dmnam`cm H$Maë`m ZìhË`m; Ë`mMà muo nwt>o H$mhr dfmªzr "doí`m g momcm Cn`wº$ Agm ì`dgm` H$aVmV,' Aer ñnï>moº$shr Ë`m ZrM Ho$cr hmovr. "ì`mgnd 'À`m àñvmdzo Ycm AmUIr EH$ C oi cm {c{hê`mh$s>o-~mocê`mh$s>o nmhê`mmr dojir, ñdàn> Ñï>r XoUmam hmovm. g ñh $V ^mfm hm XþJm ~mbªà`m Imoc {Oìhmù`mMm {df`. Amnë`mH$S>À`m gw{e{jvm Zmhr g ñh $V `ov Zmhr, hr Ë`m Mr H$m` Mr I V hmovr. ("Amnë`mcm g ñh $V `ov Zmhr, hm Xmof Amncm Amho; ~mu^å>mmm Zmhr.'- "H$mX ~ar'à`m AZwdmXmMr àñvmdzm) Ë`m wio hm^mavmà`m ^mfomo Ë`m Zm {dcju H$m VwH$ hmovo. lrh $îu gw^ðomr g OyV KmcVmo Agm àg J- Ë`mÀ`mda hr nmir dma dma `ovm Ago. Voìhm Vmo {VÀ`mer H$g ~moccm hmovm? ""gmw VÏ` {hv dmš` {à` `wº $ AZwÎma ²& CdmM ^JdmZ ^Ðm gw^ðm ² ^Ð^m{f{U ²&&'' hm ícmoh$ XþJm ~mbªzr CX²Y V Ho$cm Amho Am{U Ë`m åhuvmv, "`m ícmoh$mvë`m àmgmnojm R>oŠ`mZo Z Mmidco.' g ñh $V amzm Yë`m eãxmc H$mam nojm Ë`m Mr ZOa AWm YyZ Am{U `mo½` eãx`moozo YyZ {Z m U hmoumè`m A VJ V c`rh$s>o OmñV hmovr. ho dmmë`mda AZoH$ g ñh $V ícmoh$, gw^m{fvm H$S>o nmhê`mmm EH$ dojim Am`m M cm OmUdcm. Ë`mhrnojm n{hë`m AmoirH$S>o mpo cj Joco Am{U r pñv{ V Pmcmo. ~mocuo-{c{huo H$go Agmdo `mmr BVH$s ñnï>, gd ñneu Am{U c`~õ ì m» m mâ`m Var nmhê`mv Amcocr Zmhr. `m ícmoh$mà`m n{hë`m Amoirdê$Z transactional analysis `m AcrH$S>o $mam ~moh$micoë`m {df`mdamr gjir nwñvho$ AmodmiyZ Q>mH$mdrV. cm Voìhm Agohr dmq>co H$s, XþJm ~mbªzr `m n{hë`m AmoirMr hr hîmm H$m gm {JVcr Zmhr? {dmma Ho$ë`mda dmq>vo H$s- Ë`m À`m 110

111 ~hþvoh$ gd JÚ coizmvyz VrM ì m» m Ë`m Zr à mu mzcr hmovr, A Jr ~mudcr hmovr. "n g' `m XþJm ~mbªà`m g J«hmcm gm{hë` AH$mX r gý mz { imcm. Ë`m gý mzmmmm gý mz Pmcm, Ago dmq>co. "n gmmm Im ~' hr gḧ$ënzmm BVH$s öx`ñneu hmovr- A yvm À`m MM}cm g yvm Mm AmYma XoUmar. XþJm ~mbªmo àmg {JH$ coiz m{gh$m YyZ dmmv hmovmo, Ë`m À`m ^mfum À`m ~mvå`mhr `ovm hmoë`m; mì àë`j ^oq> H$Yr Pmcr ZìhVr. Vr 1977 Ü`o Pmcr, nu Xþê$ZM. "ñdmv Í`{à` AmË {Zð>M gxm r A{ÐdV gwpñwa' Ago myd `y{c`zm Zr ñdv:mo du Z Ho$co Amho, Vo XþJm ~mbªzm eãxe: emo^yz {XgVo. Ë`m wio 1975 À`m OyZ {hý`mv B {Xam Jm YtZr Acmhm~mX H$moQ>m Mm {ZH$mc Ë`m À`m {damoymv Joë`mda ñdv:mr gîmm {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r Xoem Ü`o A VJ V AmUr~mUr Omhra Ho$cr, gd Ì goýgm a{en cmxcr, ñdv:à`m gmob gmr>r amá`kq>zov hì`m Ë`m XþéñË`m(!) Ho$ë`m. `m KQ>ZmH«$ mzo XþJm ~mbªgmair ZpñdZr IdiyZ CR>cr ZgVr, VaM Zdc! Ë`m {Z^ ` hmoë`mm; nu AmUr~mUr hr ^mdr hþhy$ emhr, KamUoemhr `m Mr gwédmv Amho ho Ë`m Zr VËjUr VmS>co Am{U BVa amr>r gm{hpë`h$, {dmmad V(?) "Zamo dm Hw $Oamo dm' H$aV AgVmZm {ZYS>onUmZo, àh$q>nuo Amnco {dmma m S>m`cm Ë`m amá`^a { $ê$ cmjë`m. AQ>H$ Pmcr Voìhm Vwé JmV Joë`m. AmUr~mUr Omar AgVmZm H$èhmS>cm Pmcoë`m amr>r gm{hë` g oczmv AmUr~mUrÀ`m {ZfoYmMm R>amd Ë`m AmUy eh$ë`m ZmhrV, hm nam^d Ë`m Mm ZìhVm; {VWo O coë`m MìhmU Ym{O Ê`m "gañdvr nwìm 'Mm hmovm. mì "O`àH$me Zmam`U `m Zm Amamo½` cm^mo' Aer àmw Zm H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m Zr MìhmUm gh$q> gjù`m Zm H$mhr ju C^o amhm`cm cmdcom hmovo. r OmZodmar 1976 À`m Ü`mda `oads>m Vwé JmV nmohmomcmo, Voìhm {VWo H$èhmS>À`m gm{hë` g oczmv AmUr~mUrÀ`m {ZfoYmW nìho$ dmq>ë`m wio AQ>H$ Pmcoco lr.h$a XrH$a ZmdmMo d`ñh$a gë`mj«hr ^oq>co. XþJm ~mb ho Ë`m Mo lõmñwmz ~Zco hmovo. mm 1977 À`m cmoh$g^m {ZdS>UwH$sV B {Xam Jm YtMm XméU nam^d Pmcm. AmUr~mUr g ndyz Ë`m ~moycm Pmë`m Am{U amr>r gm{hpë`h$ nwýhm EH$Xm "ñdmv Í`{à`, AmË {Zð>' dj ao Pmco. XþJm ~mbªà`m {ZYS>onUmMo EH$ wir H$m VwH$ gmos>mm; Ë`m AmUr~mUr{déÕ PJS>ë`m Ë`m ì`º$s åhuyz, copih$mgm{hpë`h$ åhuyz Zìho- Aer Mmncwgr gwê$ Pmcr. ~mb g Vá hmoë`mm. Ë`m Zr ñwmnz Ho$coco "d Xo mva ²' à{vð>mzhr åhumdo Vgo ~migo YaV ZìhVo. H$Xm{MV O`àH$me Zmam`Um à muom Am{dîH$mañdmV Í` {Za Va gwa{jv amhrc Aer g ñh $Vr H$er éodmdr `mmm Zo H$m mj Ë`m Zmhr gmns>v ZìhVm. `m nmíd ^y rda 1977 Ü`o nwê`mcm gm{hë` g ocz ^adm`mm {ZU ` Pmcm. nw.^m. ^mdo, J JmYa JmS>Jri, à^mh$a nmü`o ho VrZ C oxdma hmovo. {VKm À`mhr g W H$m Zr ñdmjv g{ Vr gxñ` Zm Xdm`Mm YS>mH$m gwê$ Ho$cm. Voìhm àë`oh$ gxñ`mcm EH$ V Agm {Z` hmovm. EH$drg én`o ^ê$z H$moUrhr gxñ` hmod$ eh$v Ago; gm{hë`mer g ~ Y Agmo dm Zgmo. `mdahr ~arm H$Sy> "^d{v Z ^d{v' hmod$z nw. ^m. ^mdo EH$XmMo AÜ`j Pmco. XþJm ~mbªzr Ë`m À`m {ZdS>rMo ñdmjv Ho$co. "JmoamnmZ, XoIUm, gwñt> AÜ`j {ZdSy>Z Amcm Amho' Aer {Q>ßnUrhr Ho$cr. Vr H$aVmZm ~hþym Ë`m À`m ZmV VéU ^mdo AgmdoV. g oczmvco ^mdo Amåhmcm VrZhr {Xdg d Õ, AJ{VH$M dmq>co. AmYrÀ`m g oczmà`m AÜ`jm Zr Zì`m AÜ`jm H$S>o gyìo gmondê`mmm CnMma nyu H$aÊ`mgmR>r CX²KmQ>ZmÀ`m gìmv ì`mgnrr>mda `m`mm [admo Amho; Ë`m doir {VWo BVa nydm Ü`jhr AgVmVM, BWoM KmoQ>mim Pmcm. g oczmà`m àmoq>moh$m cà muo mor AÜ`j åhuyz J.{X. ms>jyih$ahr ì`mgnrr>mda hmovo. Ë`mV Vo ^mì`m Mo OdiMo { Ì åhuyz AJXr {ZYm ñvnuo hmñ`{dzmox H$aV hmovo. `oumè`m ñ $moq>mmr Ë`m Zm H$ënZm Zgmdr. r gho åhuyz qdj Ü`o S>moH$mdyZ nm{hco Va Ñí` {Xgco Vo Ago- EH$m gmü`m cmh$s>r KS>rÀ`m IwMuda (Á`m g^mg oczmv o$h$m o$h$s H$aÊ`mgmR>rM $º$ `mo½` AgVmV) XþJm ~mb g Vá Mohè`mZo, H$nmimcm homamo AmR>çm KmcyZ ~gë`m hmoë`m. IwMuÀ`m XmoÝhr ~moy Zm amr>r gm{hë`mvë`m XmoZ (Iè`m) hñvr- am. O. Xoe wi Am{U Zaha Hw$é XH$a- O{ Zrda ~gë`m hmoë`m. XmoKm Zrhr ~mbªmm EHo$H$ nm` KÅ> Yê$Z, mz Imcr KmcyZ 111

112 Odinmg AqhgH$ Am XmocZM Mmcdco hmovo. XþJm ~mbªmo EH$M åhuuo hmovo, "Vmo ms>jyih$a ì`mgnrr>mda AgVmZm r {VWo `oumam Zmhr.' BVahr Oo Ë`m ~mocv hmoë`m, Vo {dgauom ~ao! ms>jyih$a H$m±J«ogMo, AmUr~mUrcm Ë`m Mm nmqr>~m, Ë`mVM mm Yë`m cmoh$g^m {ZdS>UwH$sV B {Xam H$m±J«ogMo hmamï >mvhr nm{znv Pmë`mZo O`àH$me Zmam`Um da CJrMM Ima ImD$Z hmovo. EH$m m{gh$mv " mp ZmVd S> ZmJS > ZmMV `' Aer H${dVm Ë`m Zr àh$m{evhr Ho$cr hmovr Am{U Ë`mV Zmd Z KoVm O`àH$me Zmam`Um Mm AZwXma C oihr Ho$cm hmovm. XþJm ~mb M Ë`m! Ë`m À`m Vo, ms>jyih$am Mm nmnmmm KS>m H$mR>moH$mR> ^acm hmovm. "Ë`mcm {VWyZ CR>dm' EdT>m EH$M Ymoem Ë`m Zr cmdcm Am{U {df`{z`m H$ g{ VrMo wi S> hv~wõ Pmco. BH$S>o Xoe wi-hw$é XH$a ~mbªmo nm` gmos>v ZìhVo. eodq>r " r `ovo nu J r H$m` ~mocoz Vo Vwåhmcm Am{U Ë`mcmhr EoHy$Z `mdo cmjoc' Agm g ms> X XoD$Z ~mb CR>ë`m. Ë`m Zr ms>jyih$am Mr d è`mmrhr hmod$ Z`o Aer fð>r Ho$cr. "ZmJS>çm H$drMr ZmJS>r H${dVm EoH$m' åhuyz Vr H${dVm dmmyz XmI{dcr. ms>jyih$am Zr H$nmimda hmv mê$z KoVcm; lmoë`m Zr mì Q>mù`m Mm H$S>H$S>mQ> Ho$cm. AmYw{ZH$ dmë rh$shr nwamvz dmë rh$sà muom {ZH$amÀ`m jur EH$Q>mM ns>cm. mâ`m hmvmv H$mhr {gõr AgVr, Va r Vo Ñí` Ë`m jurm {eënmv qh$dm {MÌmV ~ X Ho$co AgVo. XþJm ~mbªà`m nm`mer Xoe wi Am{U Hw$é XH$a ho ZwgVo Ñí` ZìhVo; Vo mâ`mgmr>r àvrh$ hmovo, XþJm ~mbªmo ñwmz Am{U Xamam `m Mo. H$maU ho XmoKo ghomghor Hw$UmMo nm` YaUmao ZìhVoM. mâ`mda Ë`m Ñí`mMm Agm H$mhr X~md Amcm H$s, cm nwt>o OmD$Z XþJm ~mbªzm Z ñh$ma H$aÊ`mMohr gwmco Zmhr. A Jmdê$Z droàdmh Joë`mgmaIo Pmco. ~mbªà`m ^mfumz Va hmhmh$ma Ano{jVM hmovm. {df`-{z`m H$ g{ Vr Ü`o ~mbªzr Am {MË`^ J Ho$cm, åhuyz Ë`m Mm {ZfoY H$aUmam R>amd Iwë`m A{YdoeZmV AmUmdm, Aer MMm Pmë`mMo Am{U "{Vcm Oa~ cmdcr nm{hoo' ho eãx dmnaë`mmo ~mhoa w$q>co Am{U ~mbªzm mzumar S>ir IdiyZ CR>cr. {Vgè`m {Xder Iwë`m A{YdoeZmV lr.j. mojmdh$a `m À`m ZoV ËdmImcr {XZH$a Jm Jc, {dz` Yw mio Am{U r `m Zr Am`Ë`m doiomm {df` åhuyz "XþJm ~mbªmr m $s Am{U {df`{z`m H$ g{ VrMm {ZfoY H$aUmam R>amd m S>mdm' Aer mjur H$aV KmofUm {Xë`m. Y $m~w $s H$ê$Z lr.j. mojmdh$am Zm ì`mgnrr>mda MT>dco. Ë`m Zr N>moQ>o ^mfu Ho$co. Jm Yi gwê$ Pmcm. Ë`m Jm YimVM nwt>o nwê`mvë`m S>mì`m g KQ>Zm Mo H$m` H$V} Kwgco. Z Va X{cVm Zr g ocz {dg{o VM Ho$co. nw.c.à`m cmoh${à`vocmhr Ë`m Zr Ow mzco ZìhVo. cm EdT>oM OmUdco H$s, r AmVm XþJm ~mbªmm {ecoxma Pmcmo Amho. Am{dîH$mañdmV Í`mMr ct>mb cmhr Am`wî`^a ct>m`mr Amho. AmVm hr {ecoxmar {Z^dm`Mr H$er? XþJm ~mb gîmarà`m Odi Amë`m hmoë`m. r {Verhr Amocm S>cr ZìhVr. Ë`m Mr à{v m Am^mimEdT>r. {cimumvco Am^mi gmdcrgmaio Am{U dmjê`mvco Am^mi H$moUmda Ho$ìhm H$mogiyZ ns>oc `mmm Zo Zgm`Mm. cm "hmovh$ê$' EdT>o EH$M {deofu Voìhm cmdvm Amco 112

113 AgVo. Ë`m Mo n{hco Xe ZM "XeàhaUYm[aUr' XþJ}Mo. EdT>m ~os>a rgwõm {~MHy$Z Jocmo. mì Ë`m À`mer g dmx dmt>dcm nm{hoo, hr C u Vrd«hmoVr. "OZm Mm àdmhmo Mm{ccm' àh$m{ev Pmco Am{U cm WoQ> àdoe { im`mr gÿr MmcyZ Amcr. XþJm ~mbªzr nwñvh$ dmmco Agmdo. ( r H$Yr {dmmaê`mmo YmS>g Ho$co Zmhr). Ë`m Zm Vo AmdS>cohr Agmdo. H$maU Z Va daxm ~wšgà`m h. A. ^mì`m À`m Kar (Vo XþJm ~mbªmo àh$meh$ gozmnvr) ^oq> Pmcr Voìhm ~mb mâ`mer Iyn ào mzo Am{U Am Mr AmYrM AmoiI Agë`mgma»`m ~mocë`m. ""~a Pmc Vy Amcmg. AmVm AmnU `m g Kfm V EH$Ì H$m H$am`Mo Amho.'' cm YÝ` Pmco. gjio àíz Ë`m ZrM gmos>dyz Q>mH$co hmovo. Ë`m Zr mpr Mm H$er Ho$cr. "coih$ Am{U gm m{oh$ ~m {YcH$s' `mm {df`mmm r nrem. S>r.gmR>r Aä`mg H$aVmo Amho åhq>ë`mda Ë`m A{YH$M gwimdë`m. mpm Aä`mg B J«Or- amr>r H$mX ~arh$ma Agm VwcZmË H$ Amho, ho r gm {JVco. Ë`mMrhr Ë`m Zr OwO~r m{hvr H$ê$Z KoVcr. nu Ë`mM ^oq>rv "H$mogiyZ ns>umao Am^mi' r nwýhm nm{hco. Hw$Ry>Z Var VH $VrW cú Uemór OmoetMm {df` {ZKmcm Am{U ~mb IdiyZ CR>ë`m. emór~wdmhr H$m±J«ogMo, nu E.EZ. am `À`m à^mdm wio Oam S>mdrH$S>o PwH$Umao. "Vmo gah$mar emór' Aer gwédmv H$ê$Z ~mbªzr emór~wdm, Ë`m M amoh$mau, Ë`m Mo `ed Vamd (n`m `mzo B {Xam Jm Yr) { $ŠgoeZ, gëmoyzmnojm ì m» mz XoV { $aê`mmr Ë`m Mr (~mbªà`m Vo) auzrvr `mmo Ago H$mhr dm^ms>o H$mT>co H$s, r nwýhm EH$Xm ^m ~mdyz Jocmo. Voìhm Am{U AmVmhr cú UemótÀ`m gd ñneu ì`mg JmMr mo{hzr mâ`mda AmhoM. XþJm ~mbªmm à{vdmx H$aUo cm eš` ZìhVo Am{U Ver BÀN>mhr ZìhVr. r Amncm (ew ^mgmaim) EoH$V ~gcmo. WmoS>çm doimzo ~mb em V Pmë`m. " r E{e`m{Q>H$ cm`~«ar Ü`o AgVo' (ho Va gjù`m hmamï >mcm mhrv hmov ) Ago ZdrZ AmoiI Agë`mgmaIo gm {JVco Am{U " w ~B cm Amcmg H$s cm ^oq>ë`m{edm` nav Om`M Zmhr,' Ago H$~yc H$ê$Z KoVco. nwt>mr XmoZ-VrZ df} r Vo nmivhr hmovmo. gmd O{ZH$ OrdZmV XþJm ~mb "XeàhaUYm[aUr' hmoë`m. {cimumv "H$ cm ² H$ cxc{dhm[aur' hmoë`m Am{U E{e`m{Q>H$ gmogm`q>rvco Ë`m Mo Xe Z "dmur{dúmxm{`zr' Ago hmovo. Ë`m Mr gmdir, H $e, $ma C M Zgcocr, EH$ nm` Oam AmoT>V MmcUmar Am{U H$nmimda Ag» qmvm d gëmoyzmvcr H$moS>r `m À`m AmR>çm { adumar ZD$dmarVcr yvu A{Ve` {dcmo^zr` hmovr. n{hë`m EH$-XmoZ ^oq>rv (AmV OmVm `ov Zgo. ñdmjvh$jmvyz AmV {Zamon nmr>dcm H$s, ~mb ~mhoa `m`à`m) Amåhr {VWë`m H±$Q>rZ Ü`o $º$ Mhm KoVcm. EH$Xm Ë`m Mo OodU ìhm`mo hmovo åhuyz Ë`m À`m S>ã`mVco XmoZ Kmghr Im o. "AmdS>c H$m?' `m àízmcm Iao CÎma Úm`Mr mpr H$m` {~emx hmovr! hmoh$ma XoD$Z r OmñVM AS>H$cmo. ""AmVm VwP w ~B M R>ac H$s cm AmYr H$mS> Q>mH$V Om. r VwPmhr S>~m AmUV OmB Z.'' J VrZ-Mma ^oq>r Vemhr Pmë`m. Ë`m À`m nmh${gõrda Iyn {c{hco Joco Amho. BH$S>o AZoH$ df} hmoñq>ocmo OodU Oodë`m wio mpr MdM Jocr hmovr. Am`Vo OodU cm Mm JcoM cmjv Ago; nu Vmo mpm Voìhm àm VM ZìhVm. 113

114 gmymau Vmg^a ~mocuo ìhm`mo. r EoH$V amhm`mmo. mor mor>o Jm`H$ AJXr OdiÀ`m S>itZm V~cmnoQ>r{edm` JmU EoH$dVmV, Vem XþJm ~mb ~mocm`à`m. VÎdkmZ, mzdd eemó, g moemó, CËH«$m Vr, Am{Xdmgr OrdZ, Amncr XmoZ loð> hmh$mì`o, BVa g ñh $V H$mì`o, ^mî`j«w, g ñh $V gëmoyzmmr CÎma ^mavm Yrc g Õr, g VH$dr, amr>r gm{hpë`h$, g rjm, {MÌH$cm, {eënh$cm YoM nmh$h$cm, g H$mcrZ amoh$mau, amzs>o-{q>ih$m nmgyzmm ^mavr` ñdmv Í`mMm B{Vhmg, ~wõmmo OrdZ, {eh$du Am{U nmcr Yë`m OmVH$H$Wm, H$c Xa gëmoyh$m Mo àh$ën (CXm.Añdc), cmoh$jrvo, cmoh$gm{hë`... gjiom {df` Ë`m Mo ì`mg JmMo, Aä`mgmMo Am{U {Oìhmù`mMo. Vo ~mocuo aoh$m S> H$am`cm hdo hmovo. nu AmOMr H$ZopŠQ>pìhQ>r Voìhm Hw$UmÀ`m ñdßzmvhr ZìhVr. mì AcrH$S>o XþJm ~mbªà`m coizmmo rzm d e nm`z `m Zr g nmxz Ho$coco coig J«h dmmvmzm AZoH$ doim "ho nydu EoH$co hmovo,' Agm ^mg Ë`m wiom hmovmo. `m Am^mimImcr mprhr EH$ OmJm {ZpíMV Pmcr Va...! nu "nwéfñ` ^m½` ' AmS>do `m`mo hmovo Am{U nav EH$Xm ms>jyih$am AmS>do Om`Mo hmovo. nwê`mà`m Ë`m "dmh$coë`m' gm{hë` g oczmz Va H$mhr {Xdgm VM ms>jyih$a dmaco. gmè`m hmamï >mcm hihi dmq>uo Ano{jVM hmovo. nu ms>jyih$am Zr nwê`mà`m g oczmà`m ì`mgnrr>mda XþJm ~mbªmo dmh²$vms>z EoHy$Z H$nmimda hmv mê$z KoVcm, ho gdmªzr nm{hco hmovo. Vmo YmJm nh$sy>z Ë`m À`m wcmzo "Ë`m AmKmVmZoM Vw Mr Am`wî`aofm VwQ>cr Va Zmhr?' Ago Img g {Q> Q>c {dymz Ho$co. Ë`mda XþJm ~mb ^S>H$ë`m hmoë`m. ""{dz`, Vy EH$ H$m H$a. mâ`mda ms>jyih$amà`m IwZmÀ`m AmamonmMm IQ>cm XmIc H$a; åhuoo r Vmo H$m Am{U H$gm ocm, ho gjù`m hmamï >mcm gm JVo.'' r Ajae: hmxacmo. hm ìhmoëq>mm {doomm Q>m da Amho. AmnU Oo Vo 460 ìhmoëq>mo. ho H$m Amnë`m AmdmŠ`mVco Zmhr, EdT>o Z $s H$imco. Ë`m {Xder r ~mbªmm nmam WmoS>m Imcr Amë`mda Ë`m Mm (eodq>mm) {Zamon KoVcm. {H$Vr Var {Xdg XþJm ~mb nì {chÿz "IQ>ë`mMr V`mar Hw$R>n`ªV Amcr?' Ago {dmmavrc H$s H$m`, Aem YmñVr Ü`o Joco. Ë`m H$mimV O`d V Xidter mpr IynM OdirH$ hmovr. Ë`m À`m H$mZm da gjim àh$ma KmVcm. mugm Mo A Va J AmoiIÊ`mV Xidr Va~oO hmovo. Vo åhumco, ""hs>uh$a, XþJm ~mbªà`m $ma Odi OmD$ ZH$m. Vr Xþê$ZM Z ñh$ma H$am`Mr ì`º$s Amho. Vr gvv H$gë`m Var CËH$Q> V Ðr Ü`o AgVo åhuyz gw Xa {XgVo. AmnU {VÀ`mda ào Va H$aUmaM AmhmoV; mì Xþê$Z H$am`Mo. Vwåhr H$mhr ~moccmv Am{U {VMr V Ðr mos>cr, Va n{hcm VS>mIm Vr VwåhmcmM XoVo. åhuyz Va r {VÀ`m "d Xo mva ²' Q ñq>cm cjom Xhm homa én`m Mr XoUJr {Xcr Am{U {VWoM Wm ~cmo. cm ~«kmz Pmco. r Ë`mZ Va AmOVmJm`V E{e`m{Q>H$ gmogm`q>r Ü`o Jococmo Zmhr, AéU {Q>Ho$H$a {VWo AZoH$Xm ~mocdm`mm Varhr. cm {VWo Omd g dmq>vm Zmhr. mì H$ cxc{dhm[aur Am{U dmur{dúmxm{`zr XþJ}À`m ghdmgmv r gvv AgVmo.'' e{º$nrr>mgzñw XþJm ~mb Am{U nm`mer ~gcoco am.o. Xoe wi Am{U Zaha Hw$é XH$a `m ñ {V{MÌmnmgyZM `m nwñvh$mmm AmoZm m Pmcm, Ago åhq>co nm{hoo. am. O., Ë`m À`m nëzr gwcmomzm~mb Am{U Zaha Hw$é XH$a `m VrZ Zñdr ì`º$s Á`m À`mg moa ZV ñvh$ ìhm`à`m, Aer mugo $ma WmoS>r hmovr; mì XþJm ~mbªmo ñwmz Ë`m `mxr Ü`o $ma damo Am{U AT>i hmovo. Xoe wi nvr-nëztzm coih$ S>itÀ`m nmoq>mv {eaê`mmo ì`gzm hmovo; Iao Va hmvm~mhoa Jococo hmovo. amoo n º$scm amr>r coih$m n H$s Hw$Ur Zm Hw$Ur Ë`m Zm Vm S>r cmdê`mnwavm hdmm Agm`Mm. Ë`m wio gm{hpë`h$m Mr qh$dxývr (Jm {gn) gvv Ë`m À`mH$S>o VmOr Agm`Mr. nwc À`m ^mfov gm Jm`M Va "gm{hpë`h$ Am{U àm m{uh$' XmoÝhr àh$maà`m AmR>dUtMm I{OZm amooà`m amoo AnS>oQ> H$aUo, ho Ë`m Zm gho O m`mo. r Xoe wim À`m ~ R>H$sV 1979 nmgyz Amcmo Am{U ghgm Ë`m Jm {gn Ü`o- {deofv: coih$m À`m ImgJr Am`wî`m Ü`o- $ma Jw Vcmo Va ~è`m-dmb Q>mMo Imna Jw VUmè`mÀ`mM mwr w$q>vo, ho Ë`m XmoKm H$S>o nmhÿzm {eh$cmo. mì am.o. Agon`ªV (1985), d{hzr Agon`ªV (1997) XþJm ~mbª~ôc {ZVm V ào, AmXa, 114

115 lõm `m{edm` H$mhr ~ao-dmb Q> EoH$m`cm { imco Zmhr. {dídmg nmq>rc ("ApñVËddmX'Mo coih$) XþJm ~mbªmo AË` V {ZH$Q>dVu - Vo nwê`mcm Amco H$s Xoe wim H$S>oM AgV. O`m XS>H$am Mohr VoM. Xoe wi Joë`mZ Vahr ho XmoKo d{hztzm `m Zm Ë`m àh$mao gmw XoVM hmovo. `m nwñvh$mà`m n{hë`m Amd ÎmrMo (1988) H$m nrambq> {dídmgh$s>om hmovo. XþJm ~mbªà`m AË` V OdiMo AemoH$ ehmuohr Xoe wi H $nzr Ü`o EHo$ H$mir KaMoM hmovo. Hw$é XH$am Mo 1982 Ü`o 10 o$~«wdmarcm Pmcoco AmH$pñ H$ {ZYZ hm gjù`m amr>r coih$-dmmh$m da Pmcocm $ma mor>m AmKmV hmovm. Life imitates Art Aem àh$mamm EH$ `mojm`moj Agm H$s, 10 o$~«wdmar hm XþJm ~mbªmm dmt>{xdg Ago. Ë`m Mm OÝ 1910 Ycm, åhuoo Hw$é XH$am nojm Ë`m XrS> {nt>rzo ds>rc hmoë`m. Varhr kmzì`dhmamv gd M g d`ñh$ AgVmV, ho AmoiIyZ Ë`m Zr Hw$é XH$am ~Ôc åhq>co Amho, "àm. Zaha Hw$é XH$am À`m mjo "H $cmgdmgr' Ago {deofu AOyZhr cmdê`mmo YmS>g cm hmov Zmhr, BVHo$ Vo ì`{º$ Îd {Od V Am{U YS>nS>o hmovo. KS>Umao, ns>umao {Z nwýhm CRy>Z YmdUmao Ago ì`{º$ Îd ghgm {dgam`cm hmov Zmhr. Ë`m Zm hîdmh$m jm Iyn-Iyn hmovr. {VÀ`m wio Ë`m À`m Q>ßß`mdaMo CËH$f q~xÿ nwîh$im hmovo Am{U EH$-EH$ CËH$f q~xÿ Vo Amnë`m H$doV AmUrVhr Mmcco hmovo.' Hw$é XH$am Mo BVHo$ Zo Ho$ Am{U dmñvd nu göx` du Z $ma ¹${MV dmmm`cm { ioc. Ë`m À`m {ZYZmZ Va EH$ df CcQ>ë`mda XþJm ~mbªzr hr ^mfuo Zm XoS> w $m r {Xcr hmovr. Hw$é XH$am À`m {ZYZmÀ`m AmKmVm YyZ Xoe wiû` gmdam`cm doi cmjumam hmovm; Ë`mVM 1 OyZ 1985 `m {Xder Xoe wim Mo {ZYZ Pmco. Ë`mVyZ gmdê$z nwýhm H $nzr mju cmdê`mv VrZ df} Jocr. mì Vmo AdKS> H$mi g nvmm gwcmomzm~mbªzr 1988 Ü`o `m nwñvh$mmo àh$mez Ho$co. Ë`m åhuvmv, ""..."emgz, gm{hpë`h$ Am{U ~m {YcH$s' åhuoo XþJm ~mbªà`m- am. O. Xoe wi Am{U Ë`m À`m wio Xoe wi Am{U H $nzrda Agcoë`m ào mmr IyU. am. O. Xoe wim À`m mjo Ë`m Zr mâ`mdavr EdT>m {dídmg Q>mH$cm `mgmr>r Ë`m Mr r H $Vk Amho.'' `m nwñvh$mà`m nmr>r mjmo {d`mojmmo, doxzomo gyì BWoM g nm`cm hdo hmovo; nu {Z`Vr Am À`m mjo hmv YwD$Z cmjcr hmovr. gwcmomzm~mbªzr Ë`m Mm ^mmm adr JmoS>~moco `mà`m Vmã`mV Xoe wi H $nzr {Xcr hmovr df} Amåhr H $nzr gm ^micr. AJXr am.o.bvš`m {X mimv Zmhr Var à{v^mdmz Am{U gm m{oh$ OmU Agcoë`m coih$m Mm (gwcmomzm~mbªmo eãx) emoy KoV am{hcmo. adr JmoS>~moc Mo AJXr Hw$é XH$am Mm eodq> AmR>dmdm BVHo$ 11 OyZ 2014 `m {Xder AmH$pñ H$ {ZYZ Pmco. Ë`mVyZ gmdaê`mv nwýhm 3-4 df} Jocr Am{U AmO hr Xþgè`m Amd ÎmrMr àñvmdzm r {c{hvmo Amho. Xoe wim Mr Am{U mpr OdirH$ cjmv KoVm Vmo mpm h $M Amho, O~m~Xmarhr Amho. doxzomm R>UH$m Agcm Varhr Amnco H$m {Zð>oZo H$am`Mo, ho Á`m ì`º$sḧ$sy>z r {eh$cmo, Ë`mV XþJm ~mb AmhoVM. AOyZ EH$ H$maU Amho. à{v^md V Am{U gm m{oh$ (nwt>o OmD$Z amoh$s`) ~m {YcH$s `m gḧ$ënzomr amr>r Ü`o $maer MMm PmcocrM ZìhVr, åhuyz XþJm ^mjdvm À`m `m nwñvh$mà`m Zì`m Amd ÎmrMo à`mooz Amho. mì n{hcr Amd Îmr $ma YS>mŠ`mZo Incr ZìhVr Am{U {VÀ`mdahr Imoc MMm Pmcr ZìhVr ho dmñvd ñdrh$mam`cm hdo. Vrg dfmªz Va Xþgar Amd Îmr dmmh$m Zm gmxa H$aVmZm Yë`m H$mimV `m {df`mmo ^mavr` Am{U OmJ{VH$ nmvirda ~Xccoco gẍ^ Ü`mZmV R>odm`cm hdov; g{dñva {c{hco Va Vo EH$ dojio nwñvh$m hmob c. Varhr àñvmdzoà`m `m XoV ( mâ`m Vo, nwñvh$mà`m EHy$U nmzm À`m EH$-Xem e nmzm V) `m {df`mmr H$mhr o$a m S>Ur H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. AmUr~mUrÀ`m H$mimV XþJm ~mb WoQ> g{h«$` Pmë`m åhuyz `m {df`mcm H$mhr (AënH$mi H$m hmob Zm) à{vð>m cm^cr hmovr. Ë`mZ Va `m {df`mcm ~Jc XoD$ZM amr>r coih$ Amncr ~ar-dmb Q> coizh$m mr>r H$aV am{hco, ho gë` Amho. mpm nrem.s>r.mm {df`m hm hmovm; mì ~m {YcH$s ñdrh$mê$z {c{hcoë`m gm{hë`mà`m AnwaonUm wio r à~ Y {chm`mm Zmhr, Ago R>adyZ nìh$m[avo Ü`o Jocmo; nu {df`mmm Ü`mg gmos>cm Zmhr. XþJm ^mjdv `m àm T> gëmo{yho$zo ho nwñvh$ {c{hco Amho, Ë`m wio Ë`mMm Jmofdmam Úm`Mr Oê$a Zmhr. àë`oh$ àh$aumà`m gwédmvrcm Ë`m Zr Ë`m àh$aum Yë`m w»` 115

116 {df`m Mr `mxr {Xcocr AmhoM. "emgz d coih$', "~m {YcH$s Am{U Amåhr åhuoo coih$ {Z dmmh$', "~m {YcH$s~ÔcMm AmUIr EH$ {dmma', "ñdmyrzvm Am{U Amåhr', "amá`g ñwm, emgzg ñwm Am{U Amåhr' (~hþym ho àh$au nwñvh$ V`ma H$aVmZm OmoS>co Agmdo, H$maU Ë`m Zr "coi' åhq>co Amho.) Aem nmm XrK àh$aum Ü`o Ë`m Zr `m {df`mmr Iyn ì`mnh$ m S>Ur Ho$cr Amho. mì J«m {WH$ ^mfm, n[a^mfm AJXr mooš`m à mumv dmnê$z {cimu dmmh$m À`m S>moŠ`mdê$Z Z OmÊ`mMr S>moig H$miOrhr KoVcr Amho. Ë`m wio nwñvh$mmr YmQ>Ur ckwà~ YmMrM Agcr, Var Ë`mMr dmmzr`vm A~m{YV amhvo. EH$ Aä`mgy à{v^m Amnë`mer g dmx H$aVo Amho, AgoM dmq>vo. XþJm ~mbªzr ì m» mzo {Xcr Voìhm AmUr~mUr aô Pmë`mcm gmv df} Pmcr hmovr. Vo gẍ^ nwgq> hmov Mmcco hmovo, åhuyz gwédmvrcmm Ë`m Zr `m MM}Mo à`mooz gm {JVco Amho. ""AmUr~mUrZ mor> M pñwë` Va mâ`mv KS>dyZ AmUc. VoìhmnmgyZ Á`mÀ`m gmd O{ZH$ Zmdm Ü`o cmoh$emhr Amho, nu ì`dhmamv ga Om emhrm Ho$di Amho, Aem Am À`m emgzmer Amåhr gm{hpë`h$m Zr H$g dmjmd, hmm mâ`m qmvzmmm EH$ od {df` hmod$z ~gcm Amho. AmUr~mUrnydu EdT>çm àiavoz hm {df` cm OmUdcm ZìhVm, Ag AmVm XþX dmz åhumd cmjv Amho. Ia Va, Amåhr gm{hpë`h$ qh$dm ~w{õ V d Am Mo emgz hm Am Mm {Ma VZ qmvzmmm Am{U qmvommhr {df` Agm`cm hdm hmovm. nu Iyn-Iyn H$mi dmq> nm{hë`mz Va, AJ{UVm À`m ~{cxmzmz Va ñdmv Í`mMr Vr {Xì` nhmq> COmS>cr hmovr. nhmq>oà`m Ë`m Yyga àh$memv ^mdr gḧ$q>o Am À`m ZOaocm Odinmg {XgcrM ZmhrV. "Amåhr EH$XmMo ñdv Ì Pmcmo' `m EH$mM H$ënZoZ Amåhr BVHo$ H$mhr ~ohmoe Pmcmo hmovmo H$s, Vo ñdmv Í` {H$Vr ^wg^werv, {H$Vr VH$cmXÿ Amho; amá`h$ë`mªmr ~wõr ^«ï> hmovmm Amåhm ZmJ[aH$m nmgyz {H$Vr ghomghor Vo ñdmv Í` {hamdyz KoVco OmUma Amho Am{U à{vhy$c n[apñwvrer wh$m~cm H$aÊ`mMr Am Mr ñdm^m{dh$ gd` Vmoda J mdyz ~gë`mzo Am Mr AdñWm H$er X`Zr` ~ZUma Amho, `mmr H$gcrM AmJmD$ H$ënZm Amåhmcm Amcr Zmhr. AmUr~mUr hm mâ`m Am`wî`mVcm Aem àh$mao EH$ XméU àg J hmovm. Ë`m EH$m jumzo cm Oo {eh$dco, Ë`mMmM {dmma r Jocr gmar df} H$arV Amho {Z Ë`m qmvzmvyz cm Oo C Jco, Oo gwmco Vo r Vwåhmcm- {deofv: Am À`m VéUm Zm gm Jy nmhv Amho.'' Ë`m H$mimVë`m qmvzm YyZ Oo C Jco Vo r {deofv: Am À`m VéUm Zm gm Jy nmhv Amho- Ago Ë`m åhuvmv. AmO Ë`m VéUm Zrhr gmr>r Amocm S>cr Agoc; mì à{vhy$c n[apñwvrer wh$m~cm H$aÊ`mMr ñdm^m{dh$ gd` AgUmè`m À`m g» ov H$mhr dmt> Pmcr Amho H$m, hm gëmoyzmmm {df` R>amdm. nwñvh$mà`m n{hë`m àh$aumv AmUIr EH$ ñnï>moº$s gmns>vo. ""Amncr cmoh$emhr $maer OwZr Zmhr. Zìho, Vr ~më`mdñwovm Amho. Aem doir `m àh$maà`m àm m{uh$, {ZîH$m, Z {VH$ aidmcxmam Mr Amdí`H$Vm Va Amnë`m g momcm A{YH$M Amho. nu Ë`mgmR>r coih$-h$cmd Vm Zr Amnco gîd Onco nm{hoo. Vo H$am`Mo åhuoo emgzmmo q YonU ZmH$maco nm{hoo, VaM Vo emgzmcm Oa~ XmIdy eh$vrc Am{U àg Jr AmoT>dcoë`m gîdnarjov nyu ËdmZo CÎmrU hmovrc. gîdnarjomr EH$ Ion EH$Xm `od$z Jocr Amho. Vmo AZw^d `m Ñï>rZo $magm H$m VwH$mñnX Zmhr. nu AOyZ gd ñd Jococo Zmhr. AOyZhr Amåhr gd gm{hpë`h$ VmR> H$Ê`mZo OJy ehy$. mì `mgmr>r emgzmà`m AQ>rda emgzmer ghh$m` H$aÊ`mMo V Ì {Z Vgco CnXoena Ì Xÿa R>odco nm{hoov. eš`vmoda ñdv:à`m {h Vrda OJm`Mo R>a{dco nm{hoo.'' AmO XþJm ~mb AgË`m Va H$mhr dojio åhumë`m AgË`m H$m, hm àíz àë`oh$mzo ñdv:cm {dmmaê`mgmaim Amho. `mda "Iao à{v^mdmz H$m` AmUr~mUrVM OJV AgVmV' Aer Mmncwgr H$aUmao Voìhmhr hmovo Am{U AmVmhr AmhoV. XþJm ~mbªmm Ü`mg cmoh$emhr g ñh $VrMm Amho, ZwgË`m cmoh$emhr amá`ì`dñwomm Zmhr. " VXmZmMm h $ Am{U cmoh$emhrmr àñwmnzm `mv H$m` H$maU^mdmË H$ g ~ Y Zmhr H$s, EH$ CnpñWV hmovmm Xþgao AmnmoAmn ApñVËdmV `ob c' Ago Ë`m Zr nwt>o Zm X{dco Amho. XþJm ~mbªmo gm{hpë`h$m Zm AmdmhZ Amho Vo 116

117 "Iar cmoh$emhr g ñh $Vr' éo{dê`mgmr>r amá`h$ë`mªzm Oa~ ~gdy eh$umao Z {VH$ aidmcxma ~ZÊ`mMo. "{~a~c-~mxehm' ZmVog ~ Ym Mr ^cmdu H$aUmè`m Am À`m VWmH${WV à{v^md Vm Zm hr O~m~Xmar ñdv:à`m S>moŠ`mda Voìhmhr `m`mr ZìhVr Am{U AmVmhr `m`mr Zmhr. nu XþJm ~mbªmm Vgm AmJ«h Voìhmhr hmovm, AmVmhr AgVm. Agm AmJ«h YaVmZm Ë`m Zr Ho$cocr Aä`mgnyU m S>Ur `m nwñvh$mmr MoVZm Amho. AmUr~mUrMr nmduoxmoz df} Am{U Ycr hr ì m» mzo XoÊ`mn`ªVMr 5-6 df} `m H$mimV XþJm ~mbªzm XmoZ àíz dma dma {dmmaco Joco. AmUr~mUr{déÕ Ë`m PJS>ë`m Vo ZmJ[aH$ åhuyz H$s copih$m åhuyz, hm n{hcm àíz Am{U emgzmer BVŠ`m H$R>moanUo dmjumè`m XþJm ~mb {Za{Zamù`m ^m S>dcXmam Mm Am{W H$ AmYma Agcoë`m (VWmH${WV?) Y m Xm` gm ñh ${VH$ CnH«$ m À`m ì`mgnrr>m da H$m OmVmV, hm Xþgam àíz. `m XmoÝhr àízm mjmr Hw$pËgV ~m {ÕH$ {hh$ V AmoiIÊ`mBVŠ`m ~w{õ mz ñdv: Agë`m wio XþJm ~mbªzr n{hë`m àízmh$s>o $mago cj {Xco ZìhVo. Xþgam àíz $ezo~c S>mì`m S>itZr CnpñWV Ho$cm hmovm Am{U AmUr~mUrZ VaÀ`m cjomà`m H$mimV XþJm ~mbª^modvr g K, OZg K, COdo ^m S>dcXma `m Zr JXu Ho$cr hmovr, åhuyzhr Ë`m àízmmo à`mooz hmovom. `m Xþgè`m àízmcm Ë`m Zr n{hë`m àh$aumv CÎma {Xco Amho. Vo {Xë`mZ Va nwýhm EH$Xm cmoh$emhr, ~w{õàm mê`, ñdßzmiy AmXe dmxmà`m `m Xm, B{VhmgmMo {dn`m g, mšg Zo cmdcocm B{VhmgmMm dojim AW, ì`º$s EH$mM doir ñdv Ì AgVohr Am{U Ë`mM doir BVa AZoH$ KQ>H$m da Adc ~yzhr AgVo, BË`mXr wôçm Mr MMm Ho$cr Amho. Xþgè`m àh$aumv XþJm ~mbªzr ~m {YcH$s `m w»` {df`mcm hmv KmVcm Amho. amr>rv hm eãx àw dmnaê`mmo lò AWm VM AemoH$ ehmuo (XþJm ~mbªmo ghh$mar, { Ì, Amá) `m Mo hmovo. Vo Ë`m Zr mý` Ho$co Amho; mì ehmê`m ZrgwÕm ~m {YcH$s eãxmmm AW Añnï> R>odë`m wio CS>mcoë`m Jm Yimda ~moq>hr R>odco Amho. gm{hpë`h$m À`m ~m {YcH$sÀ`m {dmmammm B{Vhmg Ë`m Á`m± nm c gmì `m «$ M {dmmad V-coIH$mnmgyZ H$aVmV. Commitment hm yi eãx ZìhVm. yi «$ M eãx "Am JmO m' (engage) Agm hmovm. Commit `m {H«$`mnXmMm yi AW dmb Q> hmovm, ho Zm Xdco Amho. gmì Oo Absurdity Mo dmñvd m S>Vmo, mzdr OrdZmMr {ZaW H$Vm d {ZîH$m H$ `moj `m Mr H$mhr gm JS> KmcÊ`mMm à`ëz Ho$ë`mZ Va XþJm ~mbªzr ì`{º${zð> d dñvw{zð>- åhuoo ì`º$smr ~m {YcH$s Am{U {dmmammr ~m {YcH$s Ago XmoZ àdmh gm {JVco AmhoV. co{zz, MoaZm`eoìh, BÂXmZmoìh (XþJm ~mbªzr PmS>Zmoìh Agm Cƒma Ho$cm Amho. yi Cƒma cm S>m.AemoH$ Ho$iH$am Zr gm {JVcm hmovm. XþJm ~mbªmr MyH$ XþéñV H$aÊ`mBVH$m "A{dZ`' r XmIdy BpÀN>V Zmhr; Voìhm Ë`m MmM Cƒma H$m` R>odbm Amho.) BVahr H$mhr `wamonr` coih$-zmq>h$h$mam Mr MMm Ho$ë`mda gmì À`m dml² `rz ~m {YcH$sÀ`m m S>UrMm nam e Ë`m KoVmV. VéUm Zr H$moUË`m Zm H$moUË`m VÎdmer ~m {YcH$s R>odcr nm{hoo, `m ^y{ Ho$Vcm YmoH$m ñnï> H$aVmV. ""H${ Q>oS> Am a JOo~, H${ Q>oS> ñq>m{cz, Ë`mM OmVrMo ZmPr Am{U AÝ` Xoer-{dXoer mwo{ $ê$ `m À`m ZmXr cmjê`mamyr gdªh$f {dmma H$am,'' Ago `wdh$m Zm gm JyZ Pmë`mda "dmb Q>mMr ~m {YcH$s Q>mimdr, nu Mm Jë`mMr ñdrh$mam`cm H$m` hah$v Amho?' `m ^y{ Ho$Mm nam e {Vgè`m àh$aumv KoD$, Ago gwm{dvmv. S >{Ze VÎdk gmoaoz {H$H}$JmS> À`m ^y{ Ho$Mr $ma Imoc MMm `m àh$aumv Amho. ~m {YcH$sgmR>r ~wõrmm Cn`moJ Zmhr. lõmm ~m {YcH$s {Z m U H$aVo Am{U {Z^mdÊ`mMr eº$s XoVo, hr Ë`mMr ^y{ H$m. `m ^y{ Ho$ wio B{VhmgmV AmoT>dcoco AZW VwåhrM emoyyz nmhm, Agm J hnmr> dmmh$m Zm XoD$Z XþJm ~mb " mzdr ~wõrcm `m Xm Agë`m Var Ë`m Amocm S>Ê`mMr VmH$X ~wõrvm AgVo', ho gë` gm JVmV. ~m {YcH$s mzyz EImXr ì`º$s, {dmma, g KQ>Zm, nj, n W `m À`m Ü`o am{hë`mzo { iumar gwa{jvvm {H$Vr $gdr AgVo, `mmo {ddau H$aVmV. OmVm-OmVm VWmH${WV A pšq>pìhñq> S>ir ~ R>o H$m H$aUmè`m ~w{õ Vm Zm H$er VwÀN> coivmv, ho AmR>dyZ Ë`m Mmhr g mmma ~mbªzr KoVcm Amho. àh$aumà`m 117

118 eodq>r-eodq>r Ë`m åhuvmv, ""gë``wjmà`m àdoeûmammr {H$ r $º$ Am À`mM hmvr Amho- Agm H $R>emof H$aUmao n{dì J«W, n{dì ào{fv, n{dì n W Am{U nj, gmyy Am{U gx²jwê$, `mojr Am{U OmoJr VgoM R>ma dos>o AmOda `m OJmV H$m` WmoS>o hmod$z Joco, H$s Á`m À`m VWmH${WV A {V ^m{h$vm Mm AZw^d Amåhr KoVcocm Zmhr? ñdv:à`m ^«m H$ mor>onumà`m H$ënZoZo ^acoë`m ^«{ ï>m Mr g» m `m OJmV H$ r Zmhr. na Vw ImoQ>çm KmofUm da ^moù`m-^m~s>çm Zm PwcdyZ Ë`m À`m Ordmda ñdv:mr Vw ~S>r ^ê$ nmhumè`m Mr g» mhr `m OJmV H$mhr H$ r Zmhr.'' ho eãx AmOhr OgoÀ`m Vgo cmjy AmhoV. gdªh$f {dmmammr gmd H$m{cH$Vm Aer AgVo. Mm Ï`m àh$aumv mì H ${Verc XþJm ~mbªmr OmJm VÎdkmZmÀ`m ^mî`h$ma c{cv copih$m XþJm ^mjdvm Zr KoVcr Amho. ho àh$au AË` V dmmzr` Amho. "ñdv:mr ñdv:er ~m {YcH$s' hm AÜ`mË Am{U ApñVËddmX `m XmoÝhr {dmmam V g mz AgUmam YmJm nh$sy>z Ë`m Jm V ~wõmh$s>o `ovmv. (ho {df`m VamgmaIo dmq>vo, nu Vo ñdm^m{dh$hr hmovo. " r Hw$R>ohr dº$m åhuyz Joco Var AmUr~mUrdaM ~mocuma' Ago Ë`m AmUr~mUrÀ`m nmduoxmoz dfmªv åhuv; nu ~wõ hm Va Ë`m Mm OrdZ^amMm Ü`mg/Aä`mg{df`. Ë`m wio AmUr~mUr wio Úmì`m cmjcoë`m ì m» mzm V Vmo S>moH$mdcm ZgVm, VaM Zdc!) ~wõmcm gë` gmns>co hmovo Varhr BVam da Ë`mZo Vo cmxco Zmhr, "Va Vw Mo gë` Vwåhr emoym' Agm CnXoe Ho$cm, hm Ë`mVcm H$irMm wôm. na namdmxr Am{U {M{H$ËgH$, n[adv ZdmXr ^y{ H$m Mm g Kf {Ma VZM AgVmo; nu Ë`mV ~wõmzo EH$ Z {VH$, àm m{uh$ ^y{ H$m KoVcr hmovr. ~wõmzo na naoà`m {H$MH$Q> MM}À`m O OmimV Z AS>H$Vm, OrdZmVco Xþ:I-doXZm-Vmn `m VyZ wº$ hmoê`mmm mj emoycm hmovm ( mšg Mrhr VrM YS>nS> hmovr), ho Ë`mMo dojionu ~mbªzr AYmoaopIV Ho$co Amho. Á`y, p¼ü {ZQ>r, Bñcm ho EHo$ídadmXr Y, Akò dmxr qhxÿ Y - nu y{v nyom mzumam Am{U B ída Z mzumao O Z, ~m Õ Y `m Mr OrdZmVë`m Xþ:ImH$S>o nmhê`mmr nõvr, H$ {dnmh$mà`m H$m`ÚmZo Ë`mda {Xcoco CÎma B. m Sy>Z ~wõmzo Zwî`mcm "ñdmyrz'nuo OJÊ`mMm gẍoe {Xcm, ho Ë`mMo mor>onu XþJm ~mb Zm X{dVmV. ñdmv Í` Am{U ñdmyrzvm `mvcm $ah$hr XmIdVmV. {ZU `^` (gw Xa eãx!) ñdmyrzvoà`m AmS> `ovo, Ë`mVyZ O~m~Xmar Q>miÊ`mMr d Îmr `ovo, hohr Ë`m Zr ñnï>nuo ~Omdco Amho. eodq>r hmh$mì`m À`m VmoS>rÀ`m gm{hë`h $Vr AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV Pmë`m ZmhrV, hr I Vhr Ë`m Zr ì`º$ Ho$cr Amho. EH$ dmš` $ma ~mocho$ Amho. ""Iao Va c{cv dml² `mvyz ì`º$ hmoumar Z {VH$Vm hom Ë`m dml² `mmo Iao g W Z Agy eh$vo; mì Z {VH$Vm `m eãxmmm AW Z {VH$ CnXoe Agm `m`mm Zmhr.'' `mda H$mhr ^mî` H$aÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr. eodq>r AmJaH$a, amodms>o, gm H«$o{Q>g, Jm Yr `m (Ë`m À`m Vo) "ñdmyrz' ì`º$s Mr AmR>dU Ë`m Zr Ho$cr Amho. ""Aer Mma-XmoZ mugo Var àë`oh$ g momv hdrv, VaM Vmo g mo {Od V Amho Ago åhuvm `ovo; VaM OJÊ`mMr emz Am{U OJÊ`mV Iar Om.'' Ago åhuyz ho ì m» mz (coiz) Ë`m Zr g ndco. nmmdo àh$au Z Va {c{hco Agmdo. XþJm ~mbªzmhr Amncr m S>Ur A{Vì`má Pmcr, ho OmUdco hmovo. H$maU ho nmmdo àh$au nyu nuo amá`g ñwm, emgzg ñwm Am{U Amåhr `m {df`mmr ì`mdhm[ah$ ~moy XmIdUmao Amho. "g mommr gm ñh ${VH$ CÞVr gmyuo ho amá`g ñwomo H$m` Amho' ho Ë`m Mo dmš` gjù`m amá`g ñwm Ü`o R>iH$nUo {Xgoc Ago cmdm`cm hdo. amá`g ñwm Amdí`H$ Amho åhuyz Ë`m-Ë`m H$mimVco emgzhr Amdí`H$M AgVo. `m $gduwh$sà`m ^y{ Ho$Mo gs>ovmos> I S>Z H$ê$Z ""Voìhm emgzmmm àë`j ì`dhma nmhÿz d VnmgyZ Am{U Iè`m hovymm H$`mg ~m YyZM emgzmer d n`m `mzo amá`g ñwoer H$m` Vo ghh$m` Ho$co nm{hoo'', Agm ñnï> Bemam Ë`m Zr {Xcm Amho. amá`g ñwm Am{U g ñh $Vr d ñdmv Í`mMo yë`, ñdmv Í`, g Vm d CXma VdmX hohr {df` Ë`m Zr {dmmamv KoVco Am{U CXma VdmX hm eãx JTy>i Pmcm Agë`mMr {Q>ßnUr Ho$cr Amho. `m {dmmana naomo w»` AmYma åhuoo ì`{º$ñdmv Í` Am{U g mzvm `m À`m AmMaUm Ü`o `oumao àíz Ë`m Zr {dmmamv KoD$Z g momvrc a Oë m-jm Ocoë`m Mo àíz gmos>{dê`mgmr>r EHo$H$Q>çm ì`º$smo ñdmv Í` Oam ~moycm R>odco Va H$m` hah$v Amho, hr ^y{ H$mhr ImoSy>Z H$mT>cr Amho. `mz Va g VmdmX (BJ {cq>o[a`m{zp ), amoh$s` h $, 118

119 CXma VdmX Am{U gm{hpë`h$ `m Mr A{^ÞVm, go Zerc ì`º$smr H$ënZmeº$s wº$ R>odÊ`mMr CXma VdmXmMr eº$s dj ao wôo m Sy>Z "go Zerc ì`º$smr à{vð>m d ñdmv Í` mzumao emgz' cmoh$h$ë`muh$mar åhuvm `ob c, Aem {ZîH$fm nmer `ovmv. nwýhm EH$Xm Ë`m Zr Zohê$-Jm Yr KamÊ`mMr MMm H$ê$Z ho emgz ga Om emhr àd ÎmrMo Amho, Ë`m wio Ë`mÀ`mer ghh$m` H$ê$ Z`o, Ago R>m nuo åhq>co Amho. g mamon Agm- ""coih$-h$cmd V wº$ H$ënZmeº$sda OJVmV. åhuyz Oo emgz `m H$ënZmeº$sMm gḧ$mom H$ê$ nmhvo, Vo emgz Ë`m Mm eìym Amho. `m ^mdr gḧ$q>mvyz cmoh$m Zm ~mhoa H$mT>Uo, {ZXmZ Vem àh$mamm à`ëz H$arV amhuo- ho J coih$-h$cmd V `m Mo AmÚH$V ì` R>aVo. ho H$V ì` amá`h$ë`mªà`m mjyz qhs>ë`mzo nma ns>uma Zmhr qh$dm cmc {Xì`mÀ`m JmS>rVyZ qhs>ë`mzohr nma ns>uma Zmhr. AZoH$ ~S>çm À`m {damoymv EH$Q>çmZo R>m C^o amhê`mmo Y ` A Jr ~mudë`mzom Vo H$V ì` nma ns>oc.'' ho àmrvrmo ~mocuo! XþJm ~mbªà`m ì m» mzm Mo nwñvh$ V`ma H$aÊ`mMo H$m gwê$ AgVmZm r Xoe wi H $nzrà`m X Z {XZ g nh$m V ZìhVmo. Ë`m wio yi hñv{cpivmda H$m H$aÊ`mMr gÿr cm { imcr Zmhr. mâ`m hmvmv nwñvh$mmr N>mnrc àvm Amcr. (`m Xþgè`m Amd ÎmrgmR>rhr r $º$ ày $arqs>j Ho$co Amho.) nwñvh$ dmmyz Pmë`mda Voìhmhr Am{U AmVmhr H$mhr wôo CnpñWV H$aUo Cn`wº$ R>aoc. ì`{º$ñdmv Í` ho gd loð> yë` Amho. Vo Agoc, VaM Vmo g mo gwg ñh $V mzvm `ob c `m~ôc Xþ V Zmhr; mì ñdmv Í` hr mugmmr yi àoaum Amho H$m, H$s muyg Am{U BVa àmur, OrdO Vy, H$sQ>H$ ho gjio wimv {Od V amhê`mmr, {Q>Hy$Z amhê`mmr Or namh$mð>m H$aVmV, Vr Ë`m Mr w»` àoaum Amho? homamo dfmªmm Jwcm {JarMm B{Vhmg hom Xe {dvmo H$s- ì`{º$ñdmv Í` J mdyzhr mugo {Od V amhvmv, d e dmt>dvmv, B {Ð`gwI { idvmv Am{U Ë`mVcr H$mhr go Zerchr AgVmV. Ë`m wio ì`{º$ñdmv Í`mMo yë` ñn hur` (desirable) Am{U g nmxzr` (attainable) `m JQ>mV mos>vo; Vo J hrv YaVm `ov Zmhr. "AmUr~mUr wio mâ`m X Z {XZ Am`wî`mV Oa H$mhrM $ah$ ns>cm Zmhr, Va r {VMm {ZfoY H$m H$amdm?' Agm àíz {dmmaumar Ag» mugo XþJm ~mbªzr nm{hcr ZìhVr, Ago hmouo eš` Zmhr. coih$-h$cmd V åhuoo Zo Ho$ H$moU Am{U Ë`mVco gd M go Zerc AgVmV Am{U ñdv:à`m ñdmv Í`mMm (gwa{jvvo YyZ { iumè`m moh$ù`m doimmm, n emmm) Cn`moJ Vo wº$ H$ënZmeº$s YyZ ZdZdrZ emoyê`mgmr>r H$aVmV, ho XþJm ~mbªzr $mam A{Vì`má {dymz Ho$co Amho. {edm` coiz, A{^Z`, Jm`Z, {MÌ H$mT>Uo, yvu ~ZdUo, H$mnS> {duuo, ^m S>r KS>dUo, Amam XoUmè`m gmyzm Mr CncãYVm dmt>duo- `m gd wimv "H$cm' Agë`m Var ~hþg» m gmr>r ho gd ì`dgm`hr AgVmV Am{U ì`dgm`mmr Am{W H$ gämzm d J«mhH$mMo g mymz H$ê$Z ñdv:mr CnOr{dH$m MmcdUo `mgmr>r {H$ mz $m`xm, hr ~ YZo Ë`m À`mda AgUmaM. Am{U g mo {OVH$m ~momaì`dñwoh$s>o PwH$V OmVmo {VVH$s hr ~ YZo dmt>v OmVmV. "cmoh$m Zm AmdS>Vo Vo Amåhmcm H$amdoM cmjvo' hr VH«$ma ZgVo; Vmo H$~wcrO~m~M AgVmo. {edm` Eadr `m Zr H$mhr dojio Ho$co AgVo Am{U Vo g ñh $VrV ^a KmcUmao R>aco AgVo, Aer h r XoVm `ov Zmhr. nyu nuo " wº$' coih$, H$dr, Jm`H$, {MÌnQ>H$ma, ZQ>, {MÌ/{eënH$ma `m À`m ì`{º$ñdmv Í`mMo gwag H$ r Am{U M ËH$m[aH$ OmñV Ago Z wzo gd M g momv ^anya {XgVmV. ^m S>dcXma Am{U emgz `m Mr VwcZm H$aVmZm mzdr yë`m da AmH«$ U H$aÊ`mÀ`m `m XmoKm À`m eº$s Ü`o $ah$ Amho; VwcZoZo gah$mah$s>o hr eº$s OmñV AgVo. gah$ma X Z H$ê$ eh$vo, ^m S>dcXma Vgo H$ê$ eh$v ZmhrV. ho à{vnmxz R>mog dmq>co, Var Ë`mcm AZw^dmMm AmYma { iv Zmhr. àjv ~moma AW ì`dñwo Ü`o Va nw OrnVrM emgzmmr e cr Am{U emgzm Ü`o H$moU ì`º$s Hw$R>ë`m ñwmzmda AgVrc, ho R>adVmV. åhuyz Va OmJ{VH$ em VVogmR>r YS>nS>Umè`m Ho$ZoS>tMr Ë`m À`m "ì`{º$ñdmv Í`mMm nmium' åhumdm Aem XoemV {XdgmT>dù`m hë`m hmovo. ^mavmgma»`m A{dH${gV Am{U ga Om emhr g modmxr AW ì`dñwov Va ^m S>dcXma Am{U emgzmmo g JZ V AgVo. cm`goýg na{ Q>amOMm XþJm ~mbªzm ì`{º$e: $magm AZw^d 119

120 ZgUmaM. nu EH$mM doir g momcm cmjumè`m gd JaOoÀ`m dñvy Am{U Ë`m Mr CncãYVm, {dh«$smr qh$ V `m XmoKm À`m g JZ VmVyZ R>aV hmovr Am{U g momvë`m {dmma H$ê$ eh$umè`m mooš`m ì`º$s Zm nm[avmo{fh$, nxo, {eî`d Î`m, naxoej ZmÀ`m gÿr `m Mr I amv H$ê$Z Ë`m Zm Amnë`m H$Q>mV gm rc H$aÊ`mMo (co-option) qh$dm {ZXmZ Jßn H$aÊ`mMo ho H$mañWmZ hmovo. AmOhr `mv $ah$ ns>cocm Zmhr; XmoÝhrhr ~moy Zr. XoUmao AmhoVM, nu KoUmè`m Mr g» m H$Xm{MV dmt>vm Mmccr Amho. "{ZU `^`' Agm Aà{V eãx XþJm ~mbªzr `moocm Amho. "àë`oh$ coih$mzo amr>r ^mfocm {ZXmZ VrZ Zdo eãx/dmh²$àmma ÚmdoV' Agm Ë`m Mm AmJ«h Ago. Ë`m À`m Zmdmda hm eãx Z $s O m hmob c. {ZU `^`mda mv Ho$cr nm{hoo Am{U Vr H$aVm `ovo, ho Va Ë`m À`m Am`wî`mMo gyì hmovo; mì amr>r coih$-h$cmd Vm Zm BWohr PwH$Vo mn Ë`m XoVmV, Ago dmq>vo. " m Z gdm W gmyz ²', "~mh$m àg J Amcm H$s { R>mMr JwiUr Yê$Z ~gmd ', "Zamo dm Hw $Oamo dm' Aer MVwa, Mmncwgr H$amdr ho Va hm^mavmnmgyz Mmcy Amho. "{ZU `^`m'da mv H$aÊ`mgmR>r amr>r coih$ {Z^ ` hmoê`mnojm "A{ZU ` gmò ' hm mj nëh$avmv, ho IoXOZH$ dmñvd AmUr~mUrZ Va {XgcoM. "A{ZU ` gmò ' dmnaumè`m Mo XmoZ JQ> hmovo. n{hcm JQ> àm m{uh$ dmq>umam- "Amåhr AmUr~mUrg moa PwH$cmo, `m~ôc dmmh$m Mr j m mjvmo.' EdT>o EH$ dmš` Cƒmê$Z hr S>ir OUy H$mhr "H$mhr KS>c M ZìhV ' Aem A{^{ZdoemZo nwýhm EH$Xm coiê`m nmoiy cmjcr. Xþgè`m JQ>mZo Va ~mbªmr {Z^ `Vm hr ì`º$s åhuyz hmovr, copih$m åhuyz ZìhVr- Aer qzú Icmer Mmcy R>odcr. "{ZU `^`m'da mv H$ê$Z hmvr Vcdma KoÊ`mnojm "{ZU `^`m'mm Cn`moJ T>mc åhuyzm Pmcm. ì`º$smr ~m {YcH$s ycv: ñdv:er AgUma; mì hr ì`º$s AZoH$ ~ YZm Mo AmoPo KoD$Z OÝ mcm `ov AgVo. ñdv:mo eara, ê$n, d e, ^mfm, Y, g ñh $Vr, Hw$Qw> ~, g mo; ^mavm Ü`o OmV, {dh$mgmà`m gÿr, BVa ì`º$s À`m Amem-AmH$m jm `m À`m AmoÂ`m YyZ ì`º$smo {ZU `ñdmv Í` OÝ V:M YmoŠ`mV Amcoco AgVo. Ë`m YyZ OrdZmV Xþ:Io AZw^dmdr cmjvmv. Ë`mVyZ gwq>ê`mgmr>r ì`º$szo EH$sH$S>o ñdv: A {V gë`mmm emoy KoV amhmdo Am{U XþgarH$S>o BVam ~Ôc {ZIi H$éUm ~mijmdr; `mvyz ì`º$s "ñdmyrz' hmob c. J {Vcm H$moUr ~m YyZ R>ody eh$uma Zmhr, Vr ì`dhmamv AgyZhr ì`dhmamnmgyz wº$ Agoc. Aem ì`º$s À`m ~m~vrv Ë`m Mr H$emer, Hw$Umer ~m {YcH$s Amho H$s Zmhr, hm àízm {dmmavm `ouma Zmhr. hr m S>Ur CËH$Q> Agcr Var BWo XþJm ~mb ñdßzmiy hmod$z AmXe dmxmh$s>o PwH$VmhoV. Ë`m ñdv: VemM OJë`m hmoë`m åhuyz Vgo m S>Ê`mMm Ë`m Zm A{YH$mahr Amho. mì Ë`m Zr C oi Ho$cocr AmJaH$a, amodms>o, gm H«$o{Q>g, Jm Yr hr mugo nyu nuo "ñdmyrz' hmovr H$m? Amnmnë`m {dmmamer- H$m` joìmer n{hco {VKo ~m Yrc hmovo, nu Ë`m Mr mzdr doxzonmgyz gwq>h$m Pmcr. Ë`m À`m wio Ë`m À`m {ZH$Q>dVu`m Zm doxzm ghz H$amì`m cmjë`m ZmhrV, Ago KS>co Zmhr. Jm YtZr ñdv: {h mc`medt>çm MwH$m Ho$ë`m `mmr H$~wcr {Xcr, åhuyz XþJm ~mbªzm Vo "ñdmyrz' dmq>vmv Am{U Zohê$ Zr H$~wcr {Xcr Zmhr, åhuyz XþJm ~mb Ë`m Mr nais> g ^mdzm H$aVmV. àíz Agm- "ñdmyrz' S>itÀ`m MwH$m Mr qh$ V g momcm moomdr cmjvo; J Ë`m ñdmyrzvozo H$moUmMo ^co Pmco? XþJm ~mbªzrm {VWoM CÎma {Xco Amho. àë`oh$ g momv Aer mooh$s mugo Var Agm`cm hdrv, ho ~amo~a Amho. gjir mugo {ZU `^`mda mv H$ê$Z ñdmyrz Pmcr Va mor>m AZdñWm àg J {Z m U hmob c. XþJm ~mb AmXe dmxmh$s>o PwH$VmV, nu AamOH$ Ë`m Zm ZH$mo Amho. AmUIr EH$ àíz Agm C^m amhvmo H$s, Aem XmoZ-Mma ì`º$s g momv AgUo nwaogo Agoc Va BVam À`mcoIH$-H$cmd Vm gh$q>- ñdmv Í`mMo aju H$aÊ`mcm H$m` AW CaVmo? Ë`mgmR>r BVH$m AmQ>m{nQ>m H$emcm? AmO Zm CÚm AmUr~mUr CR>crM AgVr; J yj {JiUmè m Mo H$m` MwH$co? ì`{º$ñdmv Í`mMo yë` ñdrh$maco H$s ~m {YcH$s ho OmoIS> dmqy> cmjvo Am{U ~m {YcH$sMm {df` OrdZ{df`H$ VÎdkmZmÀ`m O JcmV Zocm H$s MMm A{Vì`má hmod$z nma ^ah$q>vo. hm {VT>m OwZm Amho. gmò Aer H$s, `m XmoÝhr mjmªzr Joë`mda "~m {YcH$s ZH$moM' ho CÎma gho gmns>vo. ~m {YcH$s 120

121 åhuoo ñdmv Í` J mduo, goýgm a{en ñdrh$mauo, amoh$s` njmmr hþhy$ emhr AmoT>dyZ KoUo, EH$M ì`º$s- J«WaUZrVr `m Zm eau OmUo Ago AW H$mT>co H$s wimv ~m {YcH$sMm wôm {ZH$mcmV H$mT>Vm `ovmo. `m MM}Mo Iao Am`m dojio AmhoV. à{v^md Vm Mr BVam da à^md nms>ê`mmr j Vm hr gdmªà`mm AZw^dmMr Jmoï> Amho. Ë`m wio g mo-{z` Zm Ü`o Ë`m Mo ñwmz hîdmmom AgUma, hohr gd mý` Amho. go ZercVocm Ü`ò dmxr Am{U gîmmymar gvv {~MHy$ZM AgVmV. `m gẍ^m V ñnï> ^y{ H$m àw ßcoQ>moZo Ë`mÀ`m "X [anpãch$' `m g dmx-j«wm Ü`o KoVcr hmovr Am{U ê$t> gm m{oh$ gḧo$vm Zm Y $m XoUmè`m Zm `m [anpãch$ Ü`o ñwmz Zgoc, Aer ^y{ H$m m S>cr hmovr. AerM H$mhrer ^y{ H$m Q>m cñq>m `Zo eošg{naaà`m ~m~vrv KoVë`mMo CXmhaU Amho. gm H«$o{Q>gÀ`m {dûîmo~ôc dmx ZìhVm; nu Ë`m {dûîmoà`m à^mdmmm YmH$ dmq>v hmovm, åhuyz Ë`mcm {dfmmm ß mcm ß`mdm cmjcm. Yë`m H$mimV ào{fv, Y g ñwm, Y J«W, Y `wõo Ë`m-Ë`m Y m Vë`m ê$t>r, àwm, H$ H$m S>o `m Zr ì`º$smo ñdmv Í` ZmdmMr gḧ$ënzmhr nwgyz Q>mH$cr hmovr. ^mavmv Ë`mcm H$ {dnmh$ Am{U Om{Vg ñwozo hmv^ma cmdcm. ^mavmzo {ZXmZ AÜ`mË Am{U ^º$s ho XmoZ añvo gdmªzm moh$io R>odco hmovo. ~wõmzo Ë`mV "àë`oh$mzo ñdv:mo gë` emoymdo' Aer ^a KmVcr hmovr. Var amooà`m OJÊ`mV ì`º$smr Jwcm r H$m` hmovr; ~hþg» Jwcm m Zr Vr ñdrh$macrhr hmovr. mšg Zo `m MM}Mo Am`m {ZUm `H$nUo ~XcyZ Q>mH$co. B ída, ào{fv, Y Jwê$ `m Mo OJ AÝ`m`, emofu, doxzm `m Zr ^aco Amho; Vo ~Xcco nm{hoo Am{U ~XcVm `ob c, Agm ñnï> {dmma m Sy>Z Ë`mZo Xþ:I ` OrdZ ñdrh$mê$z wº$s { idê`mmm gẍoe XoUmè`m VÎdkm À`m lr wimvm ^S>H$mdcr. mšg H$S>o ì`{º$ñdmv Í`mÀ`m yë`mmo y{v V CXmhaU åhuyzm nm{hco nm{hoo; H$maU H$mhr mooš`m, ñdv Ì {dmmamà`m ì`º$s Zm ho OJ ~XcVm `ob c Am{U Vo ~Xcco nm{hoo Ago dmq>co Va Ë`m Mm {damoy hm ì`{º$ñdmv Í`mMm {damoy R>aoc. Vgo H$aUo VÎdmcm gmosy>z hmob c. XþJm ~mbªzr Á`m gmì À`m {dmmam Mm g{dñva D$hmnmoh Ho$cm, Ë`m gmì Mo ~m {YcH$s{df`rMo {dmma hr mšg nmgyz gwê$ Pmcoë`m à{v^md Vm À`m g momvë`m ñwmzm{df`rà`m MM}Mr à{v{h«$`m hmovr. mšg nmgyz àoaum KoD$Z OJ ~XcÊ`mMr mohr a{e`mnmgyz gwê$ H$aUmè`m co{zzà`m 'Party Organisation and Party Literature' `m ì m» mzm Ü`o Vr ^y{ H$m g{dñva Amcr Amho. ""Amncr H«$m Vr AÚmn nyu Pmcocr Zmhr. PmaemhrMr nmio wio AOyZhr VJ Yê$Z AmhoV. hr H«$m Vr n[anyu H$aÊ`mgmR>r Zì m gm{hë`mmr JaO Amho. Zì`m Om{Udm Mo coih$m Vo {Z m U H$ê$ eh$vrc. AgoM coih$ nmq>ucm hdo AmhoV. dml² ` Am{U CËnmXH$ l H$aUmè m À`m wº$smo Ü`ò `m Mr EH$ê$nVm Pmcr nm{hoo. dml² ` ho `m hmz cmoh$emhr g modmxr ` Ìm Yë`m H$m J (Iri) Am{U ñh«$yà muo Agm`cm hdo. gwg K{Q>V, {Z`mo{OV Am{U gdªh$f njh$m`m MmM Vmo ^mj Agm`cm hdm.'' co{zz MidirMm ZoVm hmovm, amoh$maur hmovm, CÎm dº$m Va hmovmm, ho cjmv KoD$Z `m ^mfum Ycr AmH«$ H$Vm Oam ~moycm R>odcr; Va wimv coih$m Zr H$å`w{ZñQ> {dmma ñdrh$mê$z, njmmr ~m {YcH$s ñdrh$mê$z Zdm a{e`m C^m H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ëzmv gh^mjr ìhmdo, hmouma ZmhrV Ë`m Mm {Y $ma Agmo, ho AmdmhZ gh$mamë H$ hmovo- hmm {ZîH$f H$mT>mdm cmjvmo. co{zzzo "nmq>u {cq>aoma' Ago åhq>co hmovo. EHy$U {cq>aoma Ago eãx dmnaco ZìhVo, hohr cjmv R>odco nm{hoo. co{zzà`m `m AmdmhZmcm a{e`mv Am{U `wamonmv à{vgmxhr { imcm hmovm, hm B{Vhmg Amho. mì co{zzà`m Ë`yZ Va nj, nj g KQ>Zm, njmmo VÎdkmZ, njmmr auzrvr `m gjù`m Mr ~oaro åhuoo ñq>m{cz, Aer XþamdñWm Pmcr. ñq>m{cz{damoyh$ a{e`m gmosy>z Joco Var H$mhtÀ`m hë`m Pmë`m, BVam Zm N>i-N>mdÊ`m Ü`o YmS>Ê`mV Amco. Ë`mV ~w{õd V, {dmmad V, à{v^md V gjiom ^asy>z {ZKmco. `m gjù`m Ü`o geº$ na nam Agcoco a{e`z gm{hë` H$m` Mo JwX aco, hohr gë` Amho. Varhr co{zzmo yi AmdmhZ coih$m Zm KmÊ`mcm Ow nê`mgmr>r hmovo, Ago åhuvm `ov Zmhr. Vgo AgVo Va a{e`m~mhoaà`m Xoem V `m AmdmhZmcm nmqr>~m { imcm ZgVm; ñnoz Yë`m `mxdr `wõmv `wamonr` XoemVco 121

122 coih$, H$dr, H$cmd V `m Mr "B Q>aZ ezc {~J«oS>' ct>crm ZgVr. Zì m g mo KS>dÊ`mÀ`m à`ëzm Ü`o Amnco `mojxmz XoÊ`mMr gÿr Aem ^mdzozo à{v^md V, H$cmd V, gm{hpë`h$ ~m {YcH$sÀ`m mjurh$s>o (gº$sh$s>o Zìho) nmhvrc H$m, hm mor>m `jàíz Amho. Amnë`m^modVrMm g mo {ZXm}f Va H$YrM ZgVmo. Ë`mVco H$mhr à wi Xmof-{dg JVr AmoiIyZ, Ë`m Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Vo Xÿa H$aÊ`mgmR>r coiurmm dmna H$aUo IaoM ^` H$a, AdKS> Amho H$m- Agm àíz coih$m Zm H$m ns>v Zmhr? ^mavr` gẍ^m V hm {df` OmñV Jw VmJw VrMm Amho; H$maU nyd g {MVmà muom `m OÝ rmo H$ R>aV AgVo, `m ^«mmm njs>m AOyZhr mor>çm OZg» odavr AmhoM. Ë`mVM ^mfm, OmV, ^m Jmo{cH$ n[apñwvr Ycr OrdKoUr {d{dyvm hr Jw VmJw V àízm Mr Vrd«Vm A{YH$M dmt>dvo. Ë`mnojm AmnU ~ao, Amnco coiz ~ao, dmmh$m Mr IwfrnÌo (h r $moz Am{U sms) ~ar, Amncm O ~gcm Amho, {cimumcm mjur Amho Va "R>o{dco dmmho$& V go{m amhmdo' Aer ^y{ H$mM coih$ KoVmV. ~m {YcH$s ñdrh$macr Va Amnco coizñdmv Í`M (JwX) aoc, hr g~~ nwt>o H$ê$Z AmgnmgÀ`m OrdZmH$S>o VQ>ñWnUo ({ZpîH«$`VoMo Xþgao Zmd?) nmhÿz J H$ënZmeº$s (Or H$m` Agoc Vr) dmnê$z Ho$coco {cimu gmmo~ XM hmouma. `m gmmo~ XnUm~Ôc AYyZ YyZ ZH«$mly T>mico OmVmV, waã~r coih$ "AmVm VéU S>itZr nwt>o `od$z ho gmmo mos>mdov' Ago gẍoe XoVmV. Vr VéU S>ir nwýhm Ë`mM gmnù`mv AS>H$VmV. Ago amr>r gm{hë`mmo IoXOZH$ dmñvd Amho. ~m {YcH$s Z ñdrh$maumam coih$ ì`dhmamv IamoIa ñdv Ì AgVmo H$m? Hw$Qw> ~, ì`dgm`, mü` o, emgz `m Mr AàË`j-àË`j ~ YZo WmoS>r AgVmV H$m? Zd- ZdrZ CËnmXZo, V ÌkmZ, à{gõrmr a Ho$Q²>g `mvyz gwq>h$m H$ê$Z KoÊ`mEodOr ho ñdmv Í` OnUmao coih$ {VWoM Ah h{ Ho$Zo YS>nS>VmZm H$m gmns>vmv? Z {XgUmè`m àcmo^zm Zm (hidden persuaders) ~ir Z ns>umam coih$-h$cmh$ma {daimm H$m AgVmo? `mda `m coih$m Mo åhuuo ~hþym Ago AgVo H$s- BVaÌ r Agm AS>H$cmo Amho, åhuyzm mâ`m {cimumv ({Z{ Vr/ H$cm{dîH$ma Ago eãx dmnaê`mmr $ez Amho.) cm ñdv Ì amhÿ Úm. ñdv Ì Am{U EH$Q>m `mvcm $ah$hr Hw$Ur AmoiIV Zmhr. EdT>o ñdmv Í` KoD$Zhr Ë`m Mo {cimu nm{hco Va Vmo ñdv:mr e cr Am{U à{v m `m Mo Jwcm M AgVmo. J XþJm ~mb Zo Š`m H$moUmgmR>r ~m {YcH$s ZmH$mê$Z ~w{õàm mê` ( amr>r coih$m Zm hm eãx mhrv AgVmo?) Am{U ì`{º$ñdmv Í` `m Mr ~yo amiê`mmr mjur H$aV hmoë`m? gz Ycr AmUr~mUr B {Xam Jm YtZr ñdv:mr gîmm {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r cmxcr hmovr. {VMm gdmªzr g{h«$` {Y $ma H$amdm, Ë`m njmà`m gah$maer AghH$ma nwh$mamdm, H$moUË`mhr emgzmmo dadamo ñdê$n Am{U A V:ñdê$n g OyZ KoVë`mdaM Ë`m~ÔcMr ^y{ H$m R>admdr. eš`vmo {Z^ `nuo ñdv:à`m nm`mda C^o amhÿz emgzmcm hq>h$ê`mmm A{YH$ma { idmdm. ì`º$s-vîdkmz `m Mr ~m {YcH$s Z ñdrh$mavm, lõoà`m Amhmar Z OmVm ~wõrà`m AmYmamda {ZdS> H$amdr. nu `mhrnojm ñdv:à`m ñdmv Í`mMo mj ñdv: {ZpíMV H$ê$Z "ñdmyrz ìhmdo'- hr XþJm ~mbªmr ^y{ H$m Am{U `m {df`mmo H$mhr Eo{Vhm{gH$ gẍ^ `m Mr MMm H$aUo hm mâ`m H$V ì`mmm ^mj Va hmovmm, nu AmZ XmMmhr hmovm. r eodq>à`m jonh$m Ü`o m S>cocr ^y{ H$m KoD$ZM AmOn`ªV OJUo Am{U {c{huo `m Mr gm JS> KmcÊ`mMr YS>nS> Ho$cr Amho. XþJm ~mb Am{U Xoe wi Xm në`, Xoe wi Xm në` Am{U Hw$é XH$a, r Am{U Xoe wi nvr-nëzr d H $nzr, XþJm ~mb Am{U r Aer Mma AdYmZo r gm ^miy eh$cmo `mmo g mymz dmq>vo. {dz` hs>uh$a, nwuo vinay.freedom@gmail.com Mob lr Vr XþJm ^mjdv m À m "emgz, gm{hpë H$ Am{U ~m {YcH$s' (àh$meh$ : Xoe wi H $nzr) m nwñvh$mà m AmJm r Xþgè m Amd ÎmrgmR>r {c{hcocr hr àñvmdzm. 122

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