m~wpcî cvu - 1 t ez gvb Ae v ch v jvpbv t cövß Z_ vw` Ges Bmÿ mg~n µwgk bs welq e t c ôv bs 1.0 f~wgkv t Ae vb Ges MVb t 2 wpî 1t AvBc v Ki AvIZ

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3 m~wpcî cvu - 1 t ez gvb Ae v ch v jvpbv t cövß Z_ vw` Ges Bmÿ mg~n µwgk bs welq e t c ôv bs 1.0 f~wgkv t Ae vb Ges MVb t 2 wpî 1t AvBc v Ki AvIZvaxb iw Z GjvKvmg~n t 3 wpî 2t UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi b i g vc t 4 wpî 3 t UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi b i nvqvbks wmggwmi AvIZvaxb j vû c t 5 g vc 1.2 mn-e e vcbvi cwikíbvi D Ïk t Rxe ewpî msi bi ˆewkó mg~n t Rxe ewp Î i i Z t Rxe ewpî msi bi DcKvwiZv t eb cövbx msi b t ebvâ ji mxgv ilv t ebvâ ji Rxe- fšz Ae v t Rxe ewpî Ges Avevm j t cöwz ek/ev Zš (Dw ` I cövbxk~ ji mwnz cwi e ki m úk ) we k lb t ebvâj wfwëk cb t RxeˆewP Î i e envi t Rxe ewp Î i e e vcbvi Rb M nxz ez gvb Ae v ch v jvpbv t ebvâj e e vcbvi c wz mg~n t t eb cövbx e e vcbv t RxeˆewP Î i Avevm j i bv e b Ges cybi vi t cwi ek evüe ch Ub t ebvâj wfwëk Drcvw`Z cb e e vcbv t mn-e e vcbvi Rb we` gvb mgm v mg~n t cövwzôvwbk Ges my-kvmb m úwk Z Bmy mgyn t j vû c GjvKvi ez gvb Ae v t j vû c cš v t iw Z GjvKv msjmœ j vû c GjvKv t f~wg e envi Gi ez gvb Ae v t ók nvìvi we k ly t K wl Rwg Ges emzwfuvi e envi t ebf~wgi A ea`lj t 13 cvu - 2 t iw Z GjvKvi mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv ev evq b KŠkjMZ mycvwik mg~n 1.0 iw Z GjvKvi mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv t D Ïk t mn-e e vcbv c wz t 16 i

4 1.2.1 mn-e e vcbvi D Ïk mg~n t mn-e e vcbv msmvb mg~n t myweav mg~ ni e Ub t wekí Kg ms vb Ges j vû c Dbœqb Znwej t Avevm j c~bi vi Kg m~wp t D Ïk mg~n t ez gvb ebvâj Ges Z`msjMœ j vû c g vc nvjbvmv` Kib t mxgvbv wpwýzkib t A eafv e MvQ KvUv/e b Av b `qv/wej mpv/cï Piv bv wbqš b Kiv t e e vcbv Kvh µg t D Ïk t Z`msjMœ j vû c GjvKv e e vcbv t iw Z GjvKvi gyj Ask ( Kvi Rvb) e e vcbv t Avevm j Dbœqb Kvh µg t GbwiP g U c v Ukb t Nvm Rwgi Dbœqb t Rjvkq i bv e b t we kl ai bi Avevm j i bv e b t Avevm j cybi vi Kvh µg t IqvUvi kw e e vcbv t cwi ek evüe Kg KvÛ cybi vi t Z`msjMœ j vû c AÂj ( Rvb) t evdvi AÂj t j vû c AÂj t RxexKvqb Ges f vjy PBb Kg m~px t D Ïk t fjy PBb Ges KbRv i fkb G UvicÖvBR t K wl Ges nwu KvjPvi dmj t mgwš^z emzwfuv Lvgvi e e vcbv t D Pdjbkxj dm ji Pvlvev` t wf jr bvm vix t nwu KvjPvi t grm Pvl/Avnib t evuk m ú` Dbœqb t n wkí Ges ZvuZwkí t DbœZ Pzjv t d mwjwum (AeKvVv gv g~jk) Dbœqb Kg m~px t D Ïk mg~n t myweavw`i Dbœqb t 22 ii

5 6.0 `k bv_xi e e vcbv Kg m~wp t D Ïk mg~n t cwi ek evüe ch Ub t cwi ek evüe ch Ub GjvKv wpwýzkib t myweavw`i Dbœqb t cö ek wd t cök wz Ges nvbwks UªBj t wckwb Ki Rb myweavw` t KwgDwbwU wfwëk cwi ek evüe ch Ub t cwi ek evüe ch Ub wbqš b t msi b welqk wk v I m PZbZv t ch Ub wk vi Rb B UviwcÖ UwUf gva g t cwi ek welqk wk v t AskMÖnb g~jk gwbuwis (cwiex b) Ges m gzv e w Kib Kg m~px t D Ïk mg~n t AskMÖnb g~jk gwbuwis t cövwzôvwbk Dbœqb Kg m~px t D Ïk mg~n t vwds Ges cöwk b t `vwqz I KZ e mg~n t ev RU t ev RU cöbqb t ev RU cwiez b/cwigvr b t mn-e e vcbv msmvb jvi avivevwnkzvi ervq i vi KŠkj t AvBc v Ki AvIZvaxb iw Z GjvKv wfwëk avivevwnkzvi Kg cwikíbv cöbqb t avivevwnkzvi Rb cövwzôvwbk ` Zv e w Ges gvbe m ú` Dbœqb t `xn gqv`x Ges mgœwbz Avw_ K e e vcbv M o Zvjv t ÔwbmM buiqv K iõ cwjwm Ges AvBbMZ mg_ b wbwðzkib t gz wewbg qi gva g mn-e e vcbv msmvb wji g a buiqvk vcb t Rjevqy cwiez bi cöfve Ges m ve Awf hvrb cwikíbv t Rjevqy cwiez b t Rjevqy cwiez bi KviYmg~n t UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi b i Rjevqy cwiez bi cöfvemg~n t mgỳ ªc ôi D PZv e w t AwZ e wócvz t b`xi xy cöevn t AvKw K eb v t Livi cö Kvc t So SÂv t 27 iii

6 b`xzxi I gvnbvq fv½b I f~wg MVb t Rjevqy cwiez bi mv _ Lvc LvIqv Z UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi b i Rb t 28 KiYxq m ve Awf hvrb mg~n mgỳ ªc ôi D PZv e w /So SÂv/AvKw K eb v/awz e wócvz RwbZ K wl SuywKi t 28 Awf hvrb cvwbi SuywKi Awf hvrb t ^v Sy&uwKi Awf hvrb t Dbœqb Sy&uwKi Awf hvrb t Liv S& uywki Awf hvrb t Awf hvr bi m ve Dcvqmg~n t vbxq RbMb KZ K mbv³k Z UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi b Ges Gi j vû c t GjvKvq Rjevqy cwiez brwzb q wz Ges m ve Awf hvrb cwikíbv câ evwl K Dbœqb cwikíbv (m ve ) t iv

7 cvu - 1 ez gvb Ae v ch v jvpbv t cövß Z_ vw` Ges Bmÿ mg~n 1

8 1.0 f~wgkv K evrvi `w b eb wefv Mi Aaxb Ô UKbvd eb cövyx AfqviY Õ evsjv ` ki eb cövyx AfqviY jvi g a Ab Zg Kvib Rxe ewp Î i w`k _ K iw Z GjvKv jvi g a GUv AZ š m ^ mikvi evsjv `k eb cövyx (msi Y) (ms kvab) Av `k 1974 g~ j K evrv ii GB 11,615 n±i ebf~wg K cö_ g Ô UKbvd MBg wirvf Õ NvlYv K ib ciez x Z Rxe ewpî msi Yi welqwu Abyaveb K i mikvix cöávcb bs-ggibgd/d i -2/02/IqvBìjvvBd/ 15/2009/492 ZvwiLt 09/12/2009 Bs g~ j D³ UKbvd MBg wirvf K Ô UKbvd eb cövyx AfqviY Õ wnmv e NvlYv Kiv nq GB Afqvi Y i 11,615 n±i f~wgi g a 5, n±i ebf~wg nvqvbk s iä Z_v nvqvbk s mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi (wmggwm) AvIZvaxb GK Rix c `Lv hvq GB e b 290 cörvwzi Dw `, 55 cörvwzi b cvqx cövbx, 286 cörvwzi cvwl, 56 cörvwzi mixm c Ges 13 cörvwzi DfPi cövyx i q Q UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi Y i cöavb cöavb Dw ` cörvwz jvi g a MR b, m b, KoB, Pvcvwjk, evubv, Rvg, Ges eb cövbxi g a nvwz, gyl cvov nbygvb, gvqv nwiy, a bk I ARMi D j L hvm vbxq Nb RbemwZi e bi Dci AwZ gvîvq wbf ikxjzv, ebf~wg n«vm, ebf~wgi wefw³, Rei`Lj, A ea e wbab I eb cövyx wkkv ii d j e bi Rxe ewpî AvR ûgwki m ylxb Giƒc cwiw wz Z e bi Rxe ewpî Z_v cövk wzk cwi ek i vi D Ïk K mvg b i L vbxq Rb Mvôx K (we klzt eb wbf ikxj) mn-e e vcbvq wb qvwrz K i e bi Rxe ewpî msi Y I Dbœq bi cvkvcvwk ebwbf i `wi`ª RbM bi wekí Av qi e e v Kiv mn wb R `i cwikíbv hv Z wb RivB cöbqb Ges ev evqb Ki Z cv ib mb j B GB mn-e e vcbvi cwikíbv cöbq bi D Ïk hv nvk UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i AvIZvaxb nvqvbks mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi m`m `i ^í gqv`x (wzb w`b) cöwk bi gva g cöbxz GB mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv, hv AvBc vk cök íi gvv ch v qi Kg x (Performance Monitoring and Applied Research Associate) Gi mvwe K mgš^ qi `vwqz cvjb K i Qb GB mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvib Z_v nvqvbks mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi AvIZvaxb GjvKvi e e vcbv Ges Dbœq b w`k wb ` kbv wnmv e we ewpz n Z cv i 1.1 Ae vb Ges MVb Ô UKbvd eb cövyx AfqviY Õ K evrvi Rjvi UKbvd Dc Rjvq Aew Z GB eb cövyx Afqvi Y i n±i ebf~wgi g a 5, n±i ebf~wg nvqvbk s iä Z_v nvqvbk s mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi AvIZvaxb D j L h UKbvd eb cövbx AfqviY mn-e e vcbvi gva g cwipvjbvi Rb iä wfwëk wzbwu mn-e e vcbv KwgwU (wmggwm) MVb Kiv n q Q nvqvbk s wmggwm Gi g a GKwU nvqvbk s iä/wmggwmi AvIZvq nvqvbk s m`i, ib s, kvgjvcyi I gblvjx bvgk 4wU weu i q Q G ebf~wgi DË i DwLqv I Bbvbx iä, Ges `w b UKbvd iä Aew Z GLv b wpinwir I wgkª wpinwir cvnvox ebf~wg we` gvb gvwu cöavbzt K` gv³ n Z K` gv³ `v-avku Ges cvnv o K` gv³ `v-avku n Z gvuv evwj we` gvb ek wkqz cvnvox Qov c~e I cwðg w` K cöevwnz n q bvd b`x Ges ciez x Z e ½vcmvM i cwzz n q Q 2

9 3

10 wpî 1t AvBc v Ki AvIZvaxb iw Z GjvKv mg~nwpî 2t UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i gvbwpî 4

11 wpî 3 t UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i Aaxb nvqvbk s mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi AvIZvaxb j vû vc g vc 5

12 1.2 mn-e e vcbv cwikíbvi D Ïk Rxe ewpî msi Y : cövk wzk m ú `i w`k _ K UKbvd eb cövyx AfqviY AZ š i Z c~y GB Afqvi Y 290 cörvwzi Dw `, 55 cörvwzi b cvqx cövbx, 286 cörvwzi cvwl, 56 cörvwzi mixm c Ges 13 cörvwzi DfPi cövyx i q Q Afqvi Y i cöavb cöavb Dw ` jvi g a MR b, m b, KoB, Pvcvwjk, evubv, Rvg, Rvi j, kiov, D j L hvm ebcövbxi g a nvwz, evbi, gyl cvov nbygvb, gvqv nwiy, a bk, ARMi cöf wz D j L hvm AZ wak RbmsL vi Pv c Ges AcwiKwíZ ebr m ú` Avni Yi d j cövk wzk m ú` A_ vr Dw ` I eb cövyx ez gv b gvivzœk ûgwki m ylxb j vû v ci Dbœqb : UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i j vû c emevmkvix RbMY e bi cövk wzk m ú `i Dci wbf ikxj ZvB j vû c GjvKvq emevmkvix RbM Yi eb wbf jkxjzv Kgv bvi Rb G GjvKvq ebr wfwëk m ú `i m úªmviy Ges RbM Yi wekí Kg ms v bi e e v Kiv bv M j cövk wzk m ú `i Dbœqb m eci n e bv B Kv-UzwiRg m úªmviy : UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i c~e w` K bvd b`x cwð g e ½vcmvMi weavq GLv b ch U Ki ek mgvmg N U GLv b Av iv ek wkqz &HwZnvwmK `k bxq vb i q Q h_vt Kz`yg nv, Z½v cvnvo, wewfbœ wkqvs cöf wz D j L hvm Gme GjvKv m ú K RbMY K e vckfv e Rvbv bvi gva g GjvKvi B Kv-UwiRg K Av iv m úªmvwiz Kiv m eci Rjevqyi weiƒc cöwzwµqv gvkv ejv : e bi MvQcvjv K g hviqvq cöwz eqi cvnvo aÿm n Q MZ eqi GLv b cövq 20 Rb gvbyl cvnvo aÿ m gviv hvq ZvQvov GLv b eb v I Rjve Zv `Lv w` Q ZvB cövk wzk `~ h vm _ K i v cviqvi Rb RbMY K e vckfv e m PZb Kiv Ri ix ebr m ú `i Ace envi iva : cövk wzk m ú `i g a eb cïcvwl, e ivwr, cv_i BZ vw` G eb cövbx Afqvi b D j L hvm A eafv e vbxq Rb Mvóx G me Ag~j m ú` msmön Ges aÿsm Ki Q ZvB cövk wzk fvimvg ervq ivlvi ^v _ cöwzwu cövk wzk m ú` h_vh_fv e msi Yi D ` vm biqv Ri ix eb wbf ikxj Rb Mvôxi Dbœqb : AwZ `vwi `ª i Kvi Y GjvKvi eû jvk cöz ev c iv fv e wewfbœ ebr m ú `i Dci wbf ikxj cövk wzk m ú `i h_vh_ msi Y I Dbœq b eb wbf ikxj Rb Mvóxi wekí Kg ms vb/av qi Î m wó Kiv bv n j cövk wzk m ú` msi Y AZ š KwVb n e ZvB vbxq eb wbf ikxj Rb Mvóxi wekí Av qi e e v Kivi wewfbœ D ` vm MÖnb Kiv Ri ix iw Z GjvKv m ú K RbM Yi g a m PZbZv e w : UKbvd eb cövyx AfqviY GKwU msiw Z eb GLvbKvi cövk wzk m ú` msi Y I e env i mikv ii wewfbœ AvBb Kvbyb i q Q ZvB G GjvKvi cövk wzk m ú` msi Y I Rb Mvôxi e env ii e vcv i RbMY K e vckfv e m PZb Kivi D ` vm MÖnb Kiv cö qvrb Dc iv³ c` c wj mn-e e vcbvq wb qvwrz bz e ` hv Z wb RivB GKwU cwikíbvi gva g wjwce KiZ: wb RivB Gi ev evqb Ki Z cv i m wel q Dc hvmx K i M o ZvjvB GB mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv cöbq bi g~j D Ïk 6

13 2.0 Rxe ewpî msi Yi ˆewkómg~n 2.1 Rx ewp Îi i Z Kvb GjvKvi Rxe ewpî i vi i Z i wel q ejvi A c v iv L bv Rxe ewpî cöwz e ki Awe Q` Ask G `i Qvov cwi ek I cöwz ek KíbvI Kiv hvq bv RxeˆewPÎ h Kvb wbw`ó ev Z š i Lv` k L ji cöavb wbqvgk G `i Qvov Lv` Drcv`b, cupb Ges cybivq Lv` k L j wd i Avmv Am e ev Z š i mkj Rxe I Ro Drcv` bi avivevwnkzv wvk ivl Z RxeˆewPÎ i Z c~y f~wgkv cvjb K i Rxe ewpî webó n j gvby li Aw Z I ûgwki g a co e Rxe ewp Î i i Z gvuvgywu wb œiƒc : cövk wzk fvimvg i v: cövk wzk fvimvg i vq Rxe ewpî GK i Z c Y Ae`vb iv L Dw ` I cövyx Zvi Rxeb P µi cöwzwu av c G K A b i Dci wbf ikxj B Kv-UzwiR gi myi v: GLv b we` gvb cök wz wbf ikxj B Kv-UzwiRg úumg~ ni hvmv hvm, cöpvi I we` gvb my hvm myweavmg~n Av iv DbœZ Kiv n j B Kv-UzwiRg úu jv Av iv AvK lyxq Ges Avq ea K Î wn m e cwimwyz n Z cv i, hv GjvKvq wekí Kg ms v b f~wgkv ivl Z cv i f~-cövk wzk e e vi DbœwZ: GjvKvq we` gvb cvnvo, Qov I Rjvkq jv weávb wfwëkfv e msi Y I Dbœqb Kiv n j Rxe ewpî Av iv m n e Rjevqyi cwiez b iva : UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i Dci vbxq Rb Mvôxi wbf ikxjzv e vck d j GjvKvi cövk wzk m ú` w`b w`b aÿsm n Q ZvQvov evo Q cövk wzk `~ hv MI ZvB Rjevqy cwiez b iva K í cövk wzk eb i v Kiv mn cwiewz Z Rjevqy Z Lvc LvIqv bvi D ` vm wb Z n e ` ki gvu ebv Qvw`Z f~wgi cwigvy e w : RbmsL v e w i d j Avev`x f~wg evovi mv _ mv _ ebf~wg ms KvwPZ n Q ZvB Rei`LjK Z ebf~wg cybi vi, e k~b cvnv o ebvqb mn cövk wzk ebvâj msi Y we` gvb AvBb Av iv hy Mvc hvmx Kivi c` c MÖnb Kiv cö qvrb 2.2 Rxe ewpî msi Yi Dc hvwmzv/dckvwizv wecbœ cövyx euvwp q ivlv : nvwz I Dj yk mn wecbœ cövbx cörvwzi cövbx msi Y, Avevm j cyb:i v i Rb m PZbZv m wói D ` vm MÖnb Kiv Ri ix wejyßcövq `kxq Dw ` I cövyx cörvwz e w : wec`vcbœ Dw ` cörvwz mg~ ni Rb wbivc` Avevm j m wó, e ivcy mn eb cövyx I e cörb bi e e v MÖnb Kiv `ikvi `wi`ª Rb Mvóxi Rxeb I RxweKvi BwZevPK cwiez b : wewfbœ wekí Avqea K Kg m~pxi gva g `wi`ª Rb Mvôxi Avw_ K Ae vi Dbœqb Kiv Ri ix, hv Z Zviv cövk wzk m ú` msi Y i Z c~b Ae`vb ivl Z cv i cwi ek evüe ch Ub wk íi Dbœqb : we` gvb cövk wzk ch Ub úumg~ ni cövk wzk cwi ek A zbœ i L wewfbœ Dbœqb cwikíbv MÖnY I Zvi ev evqb Kiv f~wg q cöwz iva : e vck nv i ebvqb K i f~wg q cöwz iv ai e e v MÖnY mn Rjevqy cwiez b BwZevPK f~wgkv ivlv `ikvi 2.3 eb cövyx msi Y Ôeb AvBb 1927Õ Ges Ôeb cövyx msi Y Av `k (ms kvwaz), 1974Õ Abyhvqx UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi Y e e vcbv I m ú` msi Y Kiv n Q evav mg~n t 7

14 Pviv wkkvixiv duv` c Z ev Ab Kvb cöwµqvq G Afqvi Y eb cövyx wkkvi K i G ai Yi wkkvi e Üi h_vh_ D ` vm MÖnb Kiv cö qvrb K wl Kv Ri Rwg ˆZix Ki Z, Qb msmön Ki Z ev cvb Pvlmn Ab vb Kv Ri Rb e b Av b `Iqv nq Gi d j eb cövyx AvZw¼Z nq Ges Zv `i ^vfvwek RxebhvÎv e vnz nq ZvB G mkj Kvh µg e Üi Avï D ` vm MÖnb Kiv Ri ix eb cövyxi Lvevi mieivnkvix Dw ` cörvwzi msl v w`b w`b K g hv Q, d j m ó Lvevi msk Ui Kvi Y eb cövyx jvkvj q cö ek Ki Q AZtci gvby li nv Z aiv c o cövy nviv Q ch vß ebv Qv`b bv _vkvq Ges we kl we kl eb cövyxi cö qvrbxq we kl we kl cörvwzi MvQ Ges eo Mv Qi msl v K g hviqvq Lv` Ges Avev ji msku cöku n q Q G me mgm v mgvav bi Rb h_vh_ D ` vm Ri ix wfwë Z biqv cö qvrb e bi Af š i wewfbœ m ú` msmön I Ab bvbvwea cö qvr b eb cövbx Afqvi b gvby li AbycÖ ek evo Q Ges GUv ey cövyxi ^vfvwek wepiy evavmö Ki Q A ea e wbab cöwµqv Ae vnz _vkvq eb cövyxi Avev j I Lv ` i msku n Q G me mgm v mgvav bi Rb h_vh_ D ` vm biqv `ikvi A ea Rei `Lj cöwµqv Pjgvb _vkvq w`b w`b ebf~wg mskzwpz n Q Ges eb cövyxi Ici Gi bwzevpk cöfve co Q mkj Rei`LjK Z ebf~wg `Ljgy³ Kivi e e v MÖnY mn D vik Z GjvKv cyb:ebvq bi AvIZvq Avbv h Z cv i 2.4 ebvâ ji mxgv ilv ebvâj Rwic/ Rvwbs Kiv : AvaywbK cöhyw³ cö qvm K i ebvâj Rixc K i wewfbœ Rv b fvm K i Gi mxgvbv wpwýz Kiv h Z cv i cövk wzk wpý w` q mxgvbv m wó : ebvâ j we` gvb we klzt MR b, m b, Zjmyi cöf wz e Ges Qov, iv v BZ vw` Øviv vqxfv e e bi mxgvbv wba viy Kiv h Z cv i mxgvbv wcjvi vcb : Rixc k l ebvâ ji Pvwicv k wkqz `yi cici cö qvrb gvzv ek vqx wcjvi vcb Kiv h Z cv i Rei`Lj cöwz iva : ebfzwg Rei`Lj iv a e vck MYm PZbZv m wó Ges mikvix we` gvb AvBb K Vvifv e cö qvm K i Rei`Lj cöwz iv a cö qvrbxq c` c biqv Ri ix 2.5 ebvâ ji Rxe fšz Ae v UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i nvqvbks mn-e e vcbv AvIZvaxb e b wewfbœ cörvwzi weij MvQcvjv mn AmsL Rxe-Rš Z ficyi GLvbKvi µvš xq Dò gûjxq wgkª wpinwir Gi Aš f ~³ G Z A bk wj DPzu-bxPz cvnvo i q Q hv cvnvox e bi cöwzwbwaz K i AfqviY GjvKvi gvwu g~jzt cvnvox ev`vgx e Y i, wkjvgvwu, e j- `vavuk cök wzi Ges A xq Z e A Z i gvîv vb f ` Kg ekx nq GLvbKvi gvwu A c vk Z Kg De i wkš Av`ª Dò gûjxq AvenvIqvq cwzz jzvcvzvi cupb `ª Z N U weavq gvwui DcwifvM A c vk Z wndgvm mg cvnv oi AwaKvsk GjvKv e kyb niqvq cöwz eqi GLv b e vck f~wg aÿm we` gvb Z_vwc GLv b nvwz, nwiy, evbi, nbygvb, mrvi, ïki, eb gvim, eb weovj, wkqvj, gqbv, au bk, wuqv, cupv, ek, kvwjk, ARMimn wewfbœ cörvwzi mvc i q Q cvnvox Qovq wewfbœ cörvwzi K Qc i q Q cvnvo n Z Drcbœ Qov I SY v bvd b`x Z Ges ciez x Z e ½vcmvM i cwzz n q Q 8

15 3.0 Rxe ewpî Ges Avevm j 3.1 cöwz ek / ev Zš (Dw ` I cövwyk~ ji mwnz cwi e ki m úk ) we k ly ebvâj I Dw ` : UKbvd eb cövyx AfqviY g~jzt GKwU µvš xq Dò gûjxq wgkª wpinwir eb G eb K msiw Z eb wn m e NvlYv Kivi Av M GLv b Ryg Pvl Kiv nz msiw Z eb Nvlbvi `xn w`b ci 1974 m b Ô MBg wirv fõ Ges 2009 m b eb cövbx Afqvib wnmv e Nvlbv Kiv nq ez gv b GLv b wkqz cövk wzk I m wrz e i eb i q Q GLv b MR b, m b, Rvg, AvKvkgwb, eumn eû g~j evb MvQ Ges AwZ wecbœ I weij cörvwzi nvwz, evbi, Dj yk, nbygvb, gvqv nwiymn wewfbœ cörvwzi cïcvwl Av Q G Afqvi Y 290 cörvwzi Dw `, 55 cörvwzi b cvqx cövbx, 286 cörvwzi cvwl, 56 cörvwzi mixm c Ges 13 cörvwzi DfPi cövyx i q Q bvd b`x GB Afqvi b i wbkuez x niqvq cvwli Lv` mnrjf n ji cvkv mok _vkvq Mvwo PjvPj Ges kã `~l Yi Kvi b cvkcvlvwj nvwi q hviqvi AvksKv `Lv w` q Q GLvbKvi wkqz cövyx I Dw ` cörvwz ez gv b mskuvcbœ K wl : nvqvbk s eb cövbx Afqvkª gi j vû c avb, cvb, ZigyR, kkv, xiv, e b, gwip, Avjy, KPz, njỳ, wewfbœ mwâ Avev` Kiv nq ebvâj wfwëk cy mg~n UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y Drcvw`Z cy mg~n e bi Ici wbf ikxj nz `wi`ª Rb Mvôxi Rxeb I RxweKvq b i Z c~y f~wgkv cvjb K i G e b Drcvw`Z D j L hvm cy wj njt Nievox I AvmevecÎ ˆZwii KvV, R vjvbx KvV, Jlywa MvQ, evuk I ez, AwK W, gay, wewfbœ cökvi dj djvw`, Qb, cvb, avbmn wewfbœ dj I mwâ, BZ vw` 3.2 Rxe ewp Î i e envi UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i Pvicv k wekvj Rb Mvôx emevm K i ˆ`bw `b Pvwn`v guv bvi cvkvcwk Rxeb I RxweKvi cö qvr b Zviv A eafv e G eb _ K wbqwgz R vjvwb KvV, evuk, ez, ebr dj g~j, gay BZ vw` msmön K i hvmv hvm e e v mnrzi niqvq GLvbKvi Drcvw`Z cy wb R `i cö qvrb guv bv QvovI ` ki wewfbœ RvqMvq mn R cwienb I mieivn Kiv nq 4.0 Rxe ewpî e e vcbvi Rb M nxz ez gvb Ae v ch v jvpbv 4.1 ebvâj e e vcbvi c wzmg~n ez gv b UKbvd eb cövyx AfqviY wu vbxq Rb Mvôx K m ú ³ K i mn-e e vcbv c wz Z cwipvwjz n Q wbmm mnvqzv cök íi mnvqzvq GLv b mn-e e vcbv c wz cöewz Z nq mikvi iw Z GjvKvi eb msi Y I e e vcbvi Rb vbxq Rb Mvôxi ^Ztù Z Ask MÖnY I mwµq mn hvwmzv MÖnY Ki Q G Î, Ask MÖnY I mn hvwmzvi wfwë n Q, iw Z GjvKv/cÖvK wzk eb I Rjvf~wg _ K cövß mydj ev DcKvi mkj Ask MÖnYKvix I mn hvwm `i g a mylg eèb Ges wm vš MÖnY cöwµqvq mk ji Kvh Ki Ask MÖn Yi wbðqzv Ask MÖnY I mn hvwmzvi gva g cövk wzk eb msi Yi G cöwµqvwu K Ômn-e e vcbv c wzõ ejv nq mn-e e vcbv c wzi gva g UKbvd eb cövbx 9

16 Afqvi Y i e e vcbv I Rxe ewpî msi Y iä wfwëk wzbwu mn-e e vcbv KwgwU wb qvwrz Av Q G msmvb wø i wewkó cö_g i nj mn-e e vcbv KvDwÝj hv bxwz wba viyx i wn m e KvR K i Ges wøzxq i nj mn-e e vcbv KwgwU hv bxwzgvjvi Av jv K M nxz Kvh µg ev evqb K i Dc iv³ Kvh µg cwipvjbvi j UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Yi nvqvbk s mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi AvIZvq 39wU wf jr KbRvi fkb dvivg (wfwmgd), 1wU wccj&&m dvivg (wcgd), 3wU KwgDwbwU c Uªvwjs MÖ c (wmwcwr), 1wU gwnjv MÖ c Ges 03wU d ió KbRvi fkb K ve (Gdwmwm) MVb Kiv n q Q 4.2 eb cövyx e e vcbv Ôeb AvBb, 1927Õ Ges Ôeb cövyx msi Y Av `k (ms kvwaz), 1974Õ Gi wb ` kbv Abyhvqx eb Awa`ß ii K evrvi `w Y eb wefvm, K evrvi GB Afqvi Y i e e vcbvq KiYxq f~wgkv cvjb K i P j Q D j wlz AvBb Abyhvqx, UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i 11,615 n± ii mxgvbvi g a Kvb cökvi ebr `ªe AvniY, cwienb I AcmviY m ú~y fv e wbwl UKbvd Afqvi b i AvIZvaxb nvqvbks mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi Aaxb e bi Dbœq bi j wbgœewb Z e e v mg~n MÖnb Kiv h Z cv i t cï Lv ` i evmvb m Rb : GB eb cövyx Afqvi Y i nvqvbks mn-e e vcbvi AvIZvaxb i Z c~y eb cövyx n Q nvwz, Dj yk, c vivbj v evbi, nbygvb cöf wz Lv` vfv e Giv w`b w`b wejywßi c _ GwM q hv Q GgbwK Lv ` i müv b A bk mgq Giv jvkvj qi P j Av m hvi `i b cöwz eqi nvqvbks i Äi wewfbœ MÖvgv j M o Rb gvbyl nvwz A_ev Ab eb cövbxi Avµg b wzmö nq ZvB Ri ixfv e we kl GjvKv wpwýz K i evuk, Kjvmn wewfbœ cï Lv ` i evmvb m Rb Kiv Ri ix Avevm j Dbœqb : eb cövyxi Avevm j Dbœq bi Rb b vov cvnv o Dchy³ cörvwzi Pviv Øviv ebvqb Kvh µg nv Z biqv h Z cv i esk e w /Dbœqb: AwZ wecbœ Dw ` I cövyx cörvwzmg~ ni esk e w i j cörbb K `ª vc bi D ` vm biqv h Z cv i cïcvwl i vq RbgZ m wó Kiv : e bi MvQcvjv Ges cïcvwl h cwi e ki Awf Q` Ask Zv e bi Av kcv k emevmkvix RbMY K eysv bvi Rb wewfbœ m PZbZvg~jK Kg m~px MªnY Ges Zv AvKl bxq fv e RbM bi mvg b Dc vc bi D ` vm biqv cö qvrb 4.3 Rxe ewp Î i Avevm j i Yv e Y Ges cybi vi UKbv di G eb K cö_ g msiw Z eb, c i UKbvd MBg wirvf Ges ciez x Z 2009 mv j UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvib wnmv e Nvlbv Kiv nq d j eb Z_v eb cövbxi Avevm j i vi cö qvr b eb wefvm A ea e wbab, cövyx wkkvi, e b Av b `qv BZ vw` cöwz iv a Kvh Ki c` c MÖnY K i P j Q eb cövyx AfqviY wn m e ^xk wz jv fi ci Geb e e vcbvi `vwqz K evrvi `w Y eb wefvm, K evrvi IciB _ K hvq ZLb _ K cö qvr bi Zzjbvq AcÖZzj n ji Avevm j i Yv e Y Ges cybi v i GB eb wefvm bvbvwea Kvh µg cwipvjbv Ki Q mn-e e vcbv c wz cöewz Z niqvq ez gv b Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z Gi Rxe ewpî Ges Avevm j msi b Ges cybi v ii Póv Pj Q 4.4 cwi ek evüe ch Ub UKbvd eb cövyx AfqviY cövk wzk mš `h gwûz niqvq Ges Gi hvmv hvm e e v mnrzi niqvq GLv b cwi ek evüe ch U bi D¾ j m vebvi Î D vwpz n q Q mn-e e vcbv KwgwU e e vcbvi `vwqz MÖnY Kivq Ges Afqvi Y i Af š i I evb i bvbvwea cwi ek evüe ch Ub myweavi we vi NUvq GLv b D j L hvm msl K `kx we `kx ch U Ki AvMgb NU Q mikvix cöávcb Abyhvqx, iw Z GjvKvq cö ek Ges cvwks wd n Z cövß Av qi kzkiv 50 fvm ciez x eqi mn-e e vcbv KwgwU K cö`vb Kiv nq G A_ Øviv mn-e e vcbv KwgwU AfqviY I ZrmsjMœ j vû c GjvKvi msi Y, e e vcbv I Dbœqb Kv R e q K i _v K AwR Z mikvix ivr ^ n Z mn-e e vcbv msmv bi wbku 10

17 A a K ivr ^ diz cö`v bi NUbv Avgv `i ` k bwriwenxb nvqvbks mn-e e vcbvaxb eb cövyx AfqviY Kw `ªK 1wU B Kv K U R, 1wU Uzwi kc, 1wU wckwbk úu, Mvwo cvwk s vb, Uq ju myweav, cvwb mieivn, Uzwi kw, emvi eâ BZ vw` ˆZix Kivi Rb D ` vm bqv n Q GLv b 6 Rb cöwkw Z B Kv-U zi MvBW Av Q GQvov iw Z GjvKvi MvQcvjv i v Ges ch UK `i wbivcëv weav bi Rb eb wefvm Ges wmwcwri m`m `i hš_ c Uªvwjs Gi e e v Kiv n q Q 4.5 ebvâj wfwëk Drcvw`Z cy e e vcbv c~ e wbw` ó As Ki ivr ^ cö`v bi wewbg q eb n Z Drcvw`Z cy Avni Yi Rb cviwgu cö`vb Kiv n Zv Z e eb cövbx Afqvib wnmv e Nvlbvi ci cviwgu c wz ivwnz Kiv n q Q Z`ycwi e bi wfzi I Av kcv ki emevmkvix `wi`ª Rb Mvôx Zv `i RxweKvq bi cö qvr b A eafv e Ges m ú`mg~n AvniY K i _v K Z e G ai Yi cövk wzk m ú` Avni Yi Rb mywbw` ó bxwzgvjv cöyqb Ges Gi mwvk cö qvm evâbxq 4.6 Afqvib e e vcbvi evav mg~n UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i g vc wbqwgzfv e nvj bvmv` bv Kiv wbqwgz ev wba vwiz weiwz Z eb kygvix cwipvjbv bv Kiv eb wefv Mi cö qvrbxq Rbe ji Afve eb wefv Mi cö qvrbxq cwienb I AvaywbK DcKi Yi ^ízv eb Kgx `i AvaywbK eb e e vcbv m úwk Z ` Zvi wel q IqvwKenvj bv _vkv hš_ eb Unj ` ji m`m `i gv S cvi úwik Av vi Afve mikvix Ab vb wbivcëv evwnbxi mv _ eb wefv Mi Kvh Kix hvmv hv Mi Afve KwgDwbwU c Uªvwjs MÖ ci Rb AcÖZzj Avw_ K my hvm myweav GKwU Kvh Ki mn-e e vcbv KwgwU A` vewa cöwzwôz bv niqv 4.7 cövwzôvwbk Ges my-kvmb m úwk Z Bmÿ mg~n : ebwefv Mi mn hvmx msmvb wnmv e mn-e e vcbv KwgwU KZ K M nxz Kvh µg wbqwgz Ges mwvkfv e cwipvjbvi Rb wb œwjwlz c` cmg~n Ri ix : wbqwgz wmggwm/mswk ó KwgwUi wgwus : mikvix cöávcb Abyhvqx wmggwmi wbqwgz mfv wbw`ó mg q Av qvrb Kiv iry jkb I cöwz e`b : cöwzwu mfvi wewfbœ Av jvp wel q M nxz wm vš mg~n Kvh weeiyx wn m e ˆZix Ki Z n e Ges D³ Kvh weeiyx mswk ó gn j h_v mg q cöiy wbwðz Ki Z n e Avq-e qi ^ QZv : wmggwmi Avqe qi wnmve cöwzwu KwgwUi mfvq Dc vcb KiZt mswk ó mkj K AewnZKiY mn mn-e e vcbv KvDwÝ ji Aby gv`b Kwi h bqv eq ii k l wnmv ei AwWU Kiv bv Revew`wnZv I AvgvbZ`vwiZv : cöwzwu m` m i Dci Awc Z `vwqz cvj b m Pó _vkv mn m úvw`z `vwqz m ú K h Kvb mgq Revew`wnZvi Rb cö Z _vk Z n e 11

18 5.0 j vû c GjvKvi ez gvb Ae v 5.1 j vû c cš v j vû c cš v nj Ggb GKwU Dcvq hvi gva g eb cövbx Afqvi Y i e e vcbv Kvh µg, ïaygvî Afqvi Y i Af š ii m ú`, Rxe ewpî, cöwz ek BZ vw`i Dci wbf ikxj bv n q AfqviY I ZrmsjMœ GjvKvq we` gvb mkj Dcv`vb A_ vr ci úi m úk hy³ Avevm j/eb, cöwz ek e e v, wbf ikxj Rb Mvôx, mvgvwrk/cövwzôvwbk e e v K h_vh_ i Z cö`vb K i Z_v ci úi mgš^q mva bi gva g GKwU m ú~ik e e vcbv c wz cöyqb c~e K Zv ev evqb Kiv 5.2 iw Z GjvKvi msjmœ j vû c GjvKv nvqvbks mn-e e vcbvi AvIZvaxb j vû c GjvKvi MÖvg jv njt MÖvgvÂj : gšjfxevrvi, LvivsLvjx, K ^wbqvcvov, ivrvi Nvbv, wgbvevrvi, bqvevrvi, wsgslvjx, jvzzix Lvjv, KvbRicvov, j ^vwej, AvgZjx, nvqvbk s, `smvkvuv, kvgjvcyi, PvKgvcvovmn 39wU MÖvg/cvov we` gvb nvu evrvi : j vû c GjvKvq ek wkqz ˆ`wbK I mvßvwnk nvu-evrvi wbqwgz e m Rjvf~wg b`x: cvnvo n Z Drcbœ wkqz Qov Ges Lvj bvd b`x Z wgwjz n q Q ciez x Z bvd b`x e ½vcmvM i cwzz n q Q we` gvb K wl Rwg: j vû c GjvKvq K wl Rwg Z wewfbœ ai Yi dmj wbqwgz Pvl Kiv nq DcRvwZ cj x: j vû c GjvKvq K qkwu DcRvwZ cj x i q Q wk v cöwzôvb: j vû c GjvKvq zj, gv`&& &ivmv Ges GbwRI ms vi wewfbœ wk v cöwzôvb i q Q 5.3 f~wg e env ii ez gvb Ae v K evrvi `w b eb wefv Mi AvIZvaxb nvqvbks iä GjvKvq wewfbœ gqv`x evmvb h_v: 313 nt `xn gqv`x, 1,027 nt ^í gqv`x Ges evuk I ez evmvb i q Q UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y A eafv e ebf~wg `Lj Ae vnz Av Q ez gv b cövq 1,020 n±i ebf~wg Rei `L j Av Q e bi Af š i h mkj GjvKvq cövk wzkfv e e bi ^vfvwek c~bi ¾xeb cöwµqv msnwuz n Q bv Ggb wkqy GjvKvq ebwefvm BwZg a GbwiP g U evmvb m Rb K i Q j vû c GjvKvi wewfbœ iv vi (mok I Rbc_, BDwbqb cwil`, GjwRBwW BZ vw`) `yb av i Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z ªxc ev mok ebvqb Kvh µg cwipvwjz n Q vbxq RbmvaviY j vû c GjvKvq Ges A bk mgq A ea `LjK Z ebf~wg Z K wl KvR g~jzt mwâ I avb Pvl K i K wl I mwâ Pv l Drcvw`Z dmj Zv `i cwiev ii Pvwn`v guv bvi cvkvcvwk RxweKv wbe v n mnvqzv K i 5.4 K nvìvi ch v jvpbv UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y wb œwjwlz wzb ai Yi K nvìvi i q Q h_vt cövwzôvwbk K nvìvi t eb wefvm, Gb wr I, BDwbqb cwil`, e vsk, wewrwe Ges cywjk cöv_wgk K nvìvi t R vjvbx KvV msmönkvix, A ea e wbabkvix I cvpvikvix, evuk I KvV msmönkvix, kvkmwâ msmönkvix, gay msmönkvix, e bi Rwg Rei`LjKvix, cvb Pvlx, ch UK, wkkvix wøzxq Í ii K nvìvi t KvV e emvqx, m wgj gvwjk, BU fvuvi gvwjk, dvwb Pvi e emvqx, BZ vw` 12

19 ez gv b nvqvbk s wmggwmi AvIZvq 39wU MÖvg/cvov i q Q GLv b emevmkvix 6,900 cwiev ii m`m msl v AvbygvwbK 42,370 Rb GLv b eq wk vi nvi cövq 18% cövq 53% Rb Mvóx K wl wbf i, 30% grm Rxex, 10% w`b gryi Ges 7% Ab vb ckvq RwoZ 5.5 K wl Rwg Ges emz wfuvi e envi j vû c GjvKvq e vw³ gvwjkvbvaxb Rwg Z cvb, mycvwi, ZigyR, fvw½, f~æv, avb Pvl ek RbwcÖq Ges RxweKv AR bi Ab Zg gva g GQvovI A eafv e `LjK Z ebf~wg Z avb, wewfbœ ai bi mwâ BZ vw` Pvl K i vbxq wkqz jvk Zv `i cwiev ii Pvwn`v guv bvi cvkvcvwk RxweKv DcvR b K i emz evox Z djr, ebr Ges Jlax MvQ ivcy I cwiph v Kiv nq 5.7 ebf~wgi A ea `Lj : UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i nvqvbk s i Ä ebf~wg `L ji cö Póv we` gvb ez gv b cövq 1020 n±i ebf~wg Rei `L j Av Q g~jzt K ^wbqvcvov, ivrvi Nvbv, wgbv evrvi, bqvevrvi, wsgslvjx, jvzzix Lvjv, KvbRicvov, j ^vwej, AvgZjx, nvqvbk s, `smvkvuv, kvgjvcyi GjvKvi jvkrb, K wl Kv R I emz wfuv wn m e e env ii Rb G Rwg Rei`Lj K i Q ivr bwzk cöfve LvwU qi wkqz wkqz ebf~wg Rii `Lj Kivi Pôv Ae vnz i q Q ZvQvov d i wf jrvii ek wkqz Rwg Rei`Lj K i Q G mg Rei`LjK Z Rwg c~bi v i Kvh Ki c` c MÖnY Kiv Avï cö q 13

20 cvu - 2 iw Z GjvKvi mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv ev evq b KŠkjMZ mycvwikgvjv 14

21 1.0 iw Z GjvKv mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv 1.1 D Ïk iw Z GjvKvi mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv cöbq bi D Ïk nj GB UKbvd eb cªvyx Afqvi b i Rxe ewpî i vi cvkvcvwk vbxq RbM bi wekí Av qi e e v Kiv mn mn-e e vcbvi mv _ RwoZ bz e ` K wb R `i Dbœqb Kg m~px wb R `i cöbqb I ev evq b cöwkw Z K i Zvjv GB cwikíbvi cöavb D Ïk jv wbgœiƒc: Ggb GKwU mn-e e vcbv M o Zvjv hviv eb cövbx Afqvi Y i wfzi Ges j vû c GjvKvi Rxe ewpî msi Y Ges Dbœq bi Rb M nxz `xn gqv`x cwikíbv cöbqb Ges ev evqb Ki e GB mn-e e vcbvi mv _ vbxq jvk `i K K nvìvi wn m e m ú ³ Kiv n e mkj K nvìvi `i Askx`vwi Z i gva g vbxq Awaevmx `i g a gzv b K i wfwë Z mn-e e vcbv ` ji AbyeZ x n q Rxe ewpî msi Y KvR Kiv iw Z GjvKv e e vcbvi Rb cwikíbv cöyqb, Kg cöwµqv wba viy, AeKvVv gv Dbœqb Ges cövwzôvwbk Kv Ri m gzv AR b Ges Zv DË ivëi e w Kiv wu K _vk Z m g Ggb eb cövyx K msi Y Kiv hvi Aš f~³ _vk e fqven wec `i m ylxb Ges ûgkxi gy L _vkv eb cövyx Ges cövq nvwi q hviqv `yj f cörvwzi MvQ hz `ª Z m e Dw `Kzj, cövyxk~j I fšz Dcv`vb m úwk Z welq cybi vi Kiv Ges ervq ivlv Ges ebr cöwz e ki Drcv`bkxjZv a i ivlv wbw` ó wkqz v b cwi ek evüe ch Ub K DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges `k bv_ x `i åg Yi Rb UªB ji Dbœqb Kiv m e vcwi Avq m wó msµvš Kv R KvwiMix mnvqzv cö`v bi gva g vbxq K nvìvi `i ` Zv e w Ges RxweKvi Dbœqb Dc iv³ D Ïk jv AR bi Rb gyj Kvh µ gi cvkvcvwk wb gœv³ Kvh µg jvi nv Z wb Z n et Rwi ci gva g AfqviY mxgvbv wpwýz Kiv GKwU mn-e e vcbv g Wj M o Zvjv Ges Gi mv _ m ú ³ Kv R mswk ó bxwz welqk wb ` kbv cöyqb, mn-e e vcbv K iw Z GjvKv msi Yi mv _ msmwzc~y K i M o Zvjv hv Z mkj K nvìvi GK Î KvR Ki Z cv i Rxe ewp Î i Drm mg~ ni Rwic cwipvjbv Kiv eb wefv Mi cövwzôvwbk ` Zv e w Kiv hv Z iw Z GjvKv e e vcbvq mswk ó eb wefvmwu h_vh_ f~wgkv ivl Z cv i msi Y m ú K m PZbZv m wó Kiv Ges msi Y welqk Bmÿ Z m cömviy Kvh µg M o Zvjv vbxq K nvìvi Ges eb wefv Mi Kg Pvix `i ch vß cöwk Y cö`v bi gva g msi Y e e vcbv, wekí Avq e w I m PZbZv m wómn iw Z GjKvi myweav Dbœqb Kvh Ki f~wgkv cvj bi m gzv AR b Afqvi Y i g a msi Y Ges `k bv_ x `i Rb myweavi Dbœqb Kiv Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z Av kcv ki MÖvg wj Z ebvq bi gva g ebr m ú `i hvmvb e w Kiv `kxq Rv Zi Pvivi gva g ebvqb K DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges ax i ax i we `kx Rv Zi Mv Qi j `kxq Rv Zi Pviv ivcy Kiv cöavb K nvìvi ev vbxq `wi`ª eb wbf i Rb Mvôxi Rb wekí Kg ms v bi my hvm m wó Kiv 15

22 1.2 mn-e e vcbv c wz mikvi cövk wzk eb msi Y I e e vcbv we k ly K i iw Z GjvKv e e vcbvq vbxq Rb Mvôxi Ask MÖnY I mwµq mn hvwmzv MÖnY Ki Q mn-e e vcbv cöwµqvq AskMÖnYKvix I mn hvmx mk ji g a iw Z GjvKv/cÖvK wzk eb _ K cövß mydj ev DcKvi mylg fv e fvm Kiv mn e e vcbv I cwipvjbv wel q wm vš MÖnY cöwµqvq mk ji Kvh Ki Ask MÖnY wbwðz Kiv mkj K nvìvi `i Kvh Kix Ask MÖnY I mn hvwmzvi gva g cövk wzk m ú` msi Y I e e vcbvi GB cöwµqvb n Q Ômn-e e vcbvõ mn-e e vcbvi D Ïk mg~n iw Z GjvKvi RxeˆewP Î i `xn gqv`x msi Y wbwðz Kivi cvkvcvwk vbxq RbmvaviY K cªavb vk nvìvi wn m e Ask MÖn Yi my hvm m wó Kiv iw Z GjvKvi Avkcv k emevmkvix RbM Yi Ask MÖnY wfwëk ebr m ú `i e envi I wekí Av qi my hvm m wó Ges Zv `i ` Zvi Dbœqb NUv bv iw Z GjvKv e e vcbvi Rb AeKvVv gv, cöwk Y Ges hvmv hv Mi my hvm myweav m wómn DbœZZi cökvmwbk KvVv gv wbwðzkiy cwi ek evüe ch Ub K DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges `k bv_ x `i Rb ch vß my hvm myweavi e e v Kiv vbxq RbM Yi civgk I mwµq Ask MÖn Yi gva g mn e e vcbv Kvh µg K cövwzôvwbk iƒc `qv iw Z GjvKvq eb cövyx e e vcbv Kvh µ g mnvqzv cö`vb Kiv Ges cö qvrbxq M elyvi welq mbv³ Kiv Rjevqy cwiez bi wzki cöfve I Gi mv _ Lvc LvIqv bvi KŠkj m ú K RbMY K m PZb K i Zvjv mn-e e vcbv msmvbmg~n mn-e e vcbv msmvb n Q mn-e e vcbv c wzi gva g mywbw` ó iw Z GjvKvi e e vcbv I Rxe ewpî msi Y wb qvwrz msmvb GB msmvb n Q mikvi KZ K Aby gvw`z mywbw` ó iw Z GjvKvi mv _ wewfbœfv e m ú ³ Rb Mvôx I mikvwi wefv Mi Kg KZ vm Yi mgš^ q MwVZ UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i nvqvbk s i Äi AvIZvaxb mn-e e vcbvq wb qvwrz msmvb jv n jv: wf jr KbRvi fkb dvivg (wfwmgd), wccj&m dvivg (wcgd), mn-e e vcbv KvDwÝj, mn-e e vcbv KwgwU (wmggwm) GQvovI e e vcbvq AvIZvq Ab vb mn hvmx msmvb jv n & Q : KwgDwbwU c Uªvwjs MÖ c (wmwcwr), d i KbRvi fkb K ve (Gdwmwm), wmwei, AvBb cö qvmkvix ms v, vbxq mikvi I wewfbœ mikvix cöwzóv bi cöwzwbwae ` cövk wzk m ú`mg~ ni UKmB e e vcbv wbwðz Ki Z mn-e e vcbv msmvbmg~ ni buiqvwk s ˆZixi gva g wb œv³ D Ïk jv AwR Z n Z cv it mn-e e vcbv msmvbmg~ ni g a GKwU Kvh Ki buiqvk Zix Kiv iw Z GjvKv mn-e e vcbvi Rb KŠkjMZ mvg_ Dbœqb mn-e e vcbv c wzi AvIZvq bzzb bzzb GjvKv Aš f ~³ Kiv Rjevqy cwiez b gvkvwejvq h_vh_ Kg m~px MÖnY Ges Gi m ½ Lvc LvIqv bvi welqwu Z h _ó i Z cö`vb Kiv cövk wzk m ú` msi Y h_vh_ e e v MÖnb mn Rxe ewpî msi Y vbxq RbM bi mwµq AskMÖn bi j mvnvh /mn hvwmzv e w Kiv eb wbf ikxj `wi`ª Rb Mvôxi e bi Dci wbf ikxjzv Kwg q Avbv I wekí Kg ms v bi my hvm m wó Kiv 16

23 1.2.3 myweavmg~ ni e Ub K) 50 kzvsk ivr ^ Avq iw Z GjvKvi Dbœq b e q iw Z GjvKvq mn-e e vcbv msmvb KZ K cwipvwjz wewfbœ Kg KvÛ n Z cövß Av qi kzkiv 50 fvm ciez x eqi UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi b i e e vcbvq e q Kivi Rb nvqvbks mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi wbku diz cö`v bi e e v i q Q hgb: iw Z GjvKvq `k bv_ x KZ K cö `q cö ek wd Ges z W U Wi guix e e vcbv n Z cövß Av qi kzkiv 50 fvm mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi wbku ciez x eqi diz `qv nq GQvovI evdvi GjvKvq mvgvwrk ebvq bi gva gi DcKvi fvmxiv m ó eb n Z wbgœiyc jf vsk c Z cv ib t L) kvjeb e ZxZ we` gvb evmvb I cövk wzk e bi Î 1) eb Awa`ßi 50% 2) DcKvi fvmx 40% 3) e ivcy Znwej 10% M) vbxq RbMY wb R `i D ` v M eb wefv Mi f~wg Z M nxz mvgvwrk ebvq bi Î 1) eb Awa`ßi 25% 2) DcKvi fvmx 75% N) vbxq Rb Mvôxi D ` v M mikvwi, Avav mikvwi I ^vqëkvwmz ms vi f~wg Z mvgvwrk ebvq bi Î 1) eb Awa`ßi 10% 2) DcKv fvmx 75% 3) f~wgi gvwjk ms v 15% Dc iv³ Kvh µg ev bvq bi d j myweav fvmx `i DcKvi wbwðz n e wekí Kg ms vb Ges j vû c Dbœqb Znwej UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y i AvIZvaxb nvqvbks mn-e e vcbvi Aaxb e bi Af š i Ges Av kcv k e vck msl K RbMY i q Q hv `i AwaKvs ki RxweKv we` gvb e bi cövk wzk m ú `i Dci wbf ikxj GB Rb Mvôxi wekí Avq m wó, mvgvwrk I mvgwók Dbœq b AvBc vk cökí KZ K wewfbœ cökvi cöwk b mn wekí Avq m wói j KvR K i hv Q GQvovI j vû c Dbœqb Znwe ji gva g `jxq wfwëk cökí MÖnb Ges ev evqb K i P j Q D j L h nvqvbks mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi gva g 4,98,800/- e q j vû c Dbœqb Znwej n Z wekí Avqea K Kg m~px ev evqb Kiv n Q wkš GB wekvj Kg KvÛ Ab vb `vzv ms vi mn hvwmzv Qvov GKKfv e AvBc vk cök íi gva g AR b Kiv m eci bq GRb wbmm buiqvk mswk ó Askx`vi I mg_ bkvix wewfbœ mikvix Ges emikvwi ms vi hš_ D ` vm I Askx`vwi Z i cö qvrb wekí Avq e w I e emvq D ` vmmg~ n mswk ó ms v K RwoZ Kivi gva g GjvKvi Rb Mvôxi Avw_ K I mvgvwrk Ae vi Dbœqb m e n Z cv i GQvovI Kvb `vzv cöwzôvb n Z Znwej cviqv M j ( hgb: wrwu RW, BDGmGBW, AviY K dvd Ûkb, Bwm) Zvi h_vh_ e envi wbwðz Ki Z n e 17

24 2.0 Avevm j c~bi vi Kg m~wp 2.1 D Ïk mg~n nvqvbks mn-e e vcbvi KwgwUi AvIZvaxb e bi Avevm j cybi vi Kg Kv Ûi cöavb D Ïk n Q t Dw ` I cövyxk~ ji esk e w mn Rxe ewpî msi b Ges Dbœqb iw Z A j RbemwZ vcb eü I K wl KvR wbqš Yi gva g bzzb eb m Rb, Rxe ewp Îi Dbœqb c vivbj v evbi mn nvwz Ges wec`vcbœ cövyx `i wbivc` evm vb wbwðz Kiv eb cövyxi Aeva PjvPj mn Lv` I Avkªq wbwðz Kiv wbqwš Z B Kv-UzwiR gi wekv ki gva g ch U bi cömvi Rjvk qi weávb wfwëk e envi wbwðz Kib 2.2 ez gvb ebvâj Ges Z`msjMœ j vû c g vc nvjbvmv`kiy ez gvb ebvâj Ges j vû ci ev e m Z I cwi ek evüe g vc ˆZix Kiv Ri ix g v c wewfbœ Rvb, HwZnvwmK vb/wb`k b mȳ úó D j L _vkv cö qvrb 2.3 mxgvbv wpwýzkiy mxgvbv wpwýzki Yi Rb h_vh_fv e mv f Kivi ci mxgvbv m ú K wbwðz niqv hv e Ges cö hvr Î mxgvbv wcjvi vcbv Kiv h Z cv i Gi cvkvcvwk m PZbZv I wb ` kbvg~jk mvbb evw I wej evw I vcb Kiv `ikvi BwZc~ e vwcz mvbb evw I wej evw cö hvr Î givgz I c~ytgỳ ªY Kiv h Z cv i 2.4 iw Z GjvKvq A eafv e MvQ KvUv/e b Av b `qv/wej mpv Ges cï Piv bv wbqš Y Kiv Dc iv³ welq jv wbqš b wbgœewb Z e e v MÖnb Kiv h Z cv i t A ea MvQ KvUv wbqš Y eb wefv Mi Kg x `i hy Mvc hvmx cöwk Y I DcKiY mieivn mn hš_ Unj e e v Rvi`vi Kiv eb Unj `j c~y MVb I kw³kvjx Kiv hš_ Unj ` ji Rb wekí Kg ms v bi e e v Ki Z cö qvrbxq e e v Kiv G Î wewfbœ cökí I `vzv ms v n Z mvnvh Avnevb Kiv h Z cv i i v Kv R `vwqz cvj bi Î gvvkgx I vbxq jvkrb `i KD ` óvš g~jk Ae`vb ivl Z cvi j Zv K cyi v ii e e v Kiv mn-e e vcbv kw³kvjx Ki bi gva g vbxq RbM Yi m PZbZv e w Kiv eb wbf i `wi`ª Rb Mvôxi Rb mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi D ` v M wekí Avq-e w g~jk Kvh µg MÖnY I ev evqb Kiv j vû vc GjvKvq mvgvwrk m PZbZv e w Z wewfbœ m PZbZvg~jK Kvh µg MÖnY Kiv AeKvVv gv ( zj, iv vnvu, eªxr/kvjfvu ) Dbœq b wewfbœ Kvh µg MÖnb I ev evqb Kiv Av b wbe vcbx cö qvrbxq hš cvwzi mieivn Kiv e b MvPviY e Ü Mevw` cïi gvwjk `i D z Kiv ebf~wgi A ea `Lj gy³ Kiv I A ea `Lj iv a Kvh Kix c` c MÖnY Kiv wmgg wm I eb wefv Mi g a mgš^q mfvi gva g wewfbœ wm vš MÖnY Ges Gi ev evqb wbwðz Kiv Mb m PZbZv e w i Rb wewfbœ gva g cöpvi cöpviyv mn mfv I mgv ek Kiv 18

25 3.0 e e vcbv Kvq µg 3.1 D Ïk GB e e vcbv Kvh µ gi cöavb D Ïk n jvt ûgkxi m ylxb ebvâ ji Kvh Ki cöwz iva M o Zvjv hv Z K i Rxe ewpî i v cvq iw Z e bi Dbœqb I cök wz msi Yi gva g eb cövyx emev mi Dc hvmx K i Zvjv e bi m vebvgq Drm jv K msi Y Kiv hvi g a wbe vwpz Rxe ewpî I Aš f ~³ _vk e K nvìvi `i civgk I Kvh Ki AskMÖn Yi gva g mn-e e vcbv c wz K kw³kvjxkiy 3.2 Z`msjMœ j vû c GjvKv e e vcbv j vû vc GjvKvq ªxc ebvqb, ms hvm mok wbg vy, eªxr, KvjfvU ms vi/wbg vy, weï cvbxq Rj mieivn, mwb Ukb e e vi Dbœqb, ^íg~ j DbœZ Pzjv vcb, m cömviy, g v jwiqv wbqš Y m PZbZv e w I wpwkrmv mev wbwðz Kiv G Kv R A _ i mskzjvb Ki Z wewfbœ cökí cöyqb I `vzv ms v wj n Z A_ mnvqzv MÖn Yi cö Póv Pvjv bv h Z cv i mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi Dbœqb Kvh µ gi mv _ j vû c GjvKvi Kg iz emikvix Dbœqb ms vi Dbœqb Kvh µ gi mv _ mgš^q mvab Kiv `ikvi 3.3 iw Z GjvKvi g~j Ask ( Kvi Rvb) e e vcbv Avevm j Dbœqb Kvh µg GbwiP g U c v Ukb : Kvi Rv bi wzmö Ask hlv b cövk wzkfv e e bi ^vfvwek cybi ¾xeb cöwµqv evavmö n Q mlv b Dchy³ cörvwzi Pviv Øviv ebvqb Kivmn we` gvb cövk wzk e bi h_vh_ e e vcbv Kiv Nvm Rwgi Dbœqb : Z Y fvrx ey cövyx `i Lv` cövwß wbwðz Ki Z Nvm evmvb m wó Kiv h Z cv i G Î GjvKvi Lvm Rwg jxr MÖn bi gva g Nvm Pv li AvIZvq Avbv h Z cv i Rjvkq i Yv e Y : ey cövyx `i Rb e bi Af š i cvbxq R ji mieivn wbwðz Kivi Rb Rjvkq Lbb I ms vi/c~ytlbb Kiv cö qvr b QvU QvU PK W vg wbg v bi gva g eb cövbx `i cvbxq R ji e e v Kiv we kl Avevm j i Yv e Y : we kl we kl eb cövyx msi Yi Rb we kl we kl ai Yi Avevm j e e vcbv Kiv cö qvrb hgb nvwzi Rb Kjv I euvk evmvb m Rb eb cövyxi Lvevi cövc Zv wbwðz Kivi Rb Avjv`v ebvqb A_ev we` gvb dj` MvQ msi Y mn bzzb dj` MvQ jvmv bvi e e v MÖnb Avevm j cybi vi Kvh µg IqvUvi kw e e vcbv iw Z GjvKv Ges j vû ci K vp g U GjvKvq IqvUvi kw e e vcbv Dbœq bi j h_vh_ Kvh µg nv Z wb Z n e hgb: PKW vg wbg vb, wi Uwbs Iqvj wbg vb BZ vw` cwi ek evüe Kg KvÛ c~bi vi 19

26 Lv ji `yõcv o euv ki evmvb m R bi gva g cvo k³kib mn KzwUi wk íi KvuPvgvj wnmv e evu ki mieivn evov bv nvwi q hviqv ebr cörvwzi D v i GbwiP g U evmvb m R bi gva g iw Z GjvKvi Av Qv`vb evov bv Rei `LjK Z ebf~wg D vi K i ebvq bi AvIZvq Avbv 3.4 Z`msjMœ j vû c AÂj ( Rvb) evdvi AÂj UKbvd eb cövyx Afqvi Y nvqvbk s mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi AvIZvq Kvb evdvi Rvb bvb Kvi Rvb i v Kivi Rb Rei`LjK Z Kvi GjvKvq evdvi Rvb m wói welqwu we epbv Kiv h Z cv i j vû c AÂj j vû c GjvKvq emevmkvix RbM bi Dbœqb Ges wekí Avq e w i j wbgœewb Z e e v MÖnb Kiv h Z cv i t B KvUz i MvBW cöwk Yi gva g AviI bzzb B Kv-MvBW ˆZix Kiv D j L h nvqvbks mn-e e vcbvi Aaxb ez gv b 6 Rb cöwkw Z B Kv Uzi MvBW KvR Ki Q B Kv-K U R vc b DrmvwnZ Ges mn hvwmzv Kiv ZvuZ eybb/ bvmv ix vcb wel q cöwk Y cö`vb mn mn hvmxzv Kiv e bi Dci Pvc Kgv bvi Rb DbœZ Pyjv vc bi wel q cöwk b Ges D zï Kib grm cªwîqvrvz KiY/ grm AvniY wel q cöwk b cö`vb FZzwfwËK mwâ Pv li cöwk Y I mnvqzv cö`vb R j `i AvenvIqv m PZbZv welqk cöwk Y cö`vb ikg Pvl/ evuk e Zi evmvb/d` vb m Rb wel q cöwk Y Ges mnvqzv cö`vb D j L h, j vû c GjvKvq emevmkvix Rb Mvôxi wekí Kg ms vb e ZxZ iw Z GjvKvi Dbœqb Kvb Ae v ZB m eci bq 4.0 RxweKvqb Ges fjy PBb Kg mywp 4.1 D Ïk RxweKvqb Ges fjy PB bi D Ïk wbgœiyc t eb wbf ikxj Rb Mvôxi vqx Kg ms v bi gva g iw Z GjvKvi cövk wzk m ú` `i Dci Pvc Kgv bv vbxqfv e Drcvw`Z c Y i vqx evrvi m wó Z mnvqzv Kiv 4.2 f vjy PBb Ges KbRvi fkb G UvicÖvBR f vjy PBb cöwµqv K UKmB Kivi Rb GKB ckvq wb qvwrz vbxq Rb Mvôx K `je KiY, `jmzfv e KvuPvgvj msmön, evrvirvzki Y D z KiY Ges evrv ii mv _ ms hvm m wó e bi Dci wbf ikxjzv Kgv bvi Rb nvqvbks iä Gi wmggwmi AvIZvq 39wU wfwmgd mn wmwcwr,gdwmwm Ges Ab vb msmv b f vjy PB bi gva g wekí Avq ea K Kg m~px ev evqb Kiv n Q cöwz wfwmwgd n Z 30 Rb `wi`ª m`m K wba vwiz 4wU Uª W (K wl, grm Pvl, evuk- e Zi wrwbm ˆZix Ges bvm vix D Ëvjb) `jmzfv e wef³ K i cö qvrbxq DcKiY mnvqzv cö`vb Kiv n Q ez gv b wekí Kg ms v bi cvkvcvwk GjwWGd dv Ûi mnvqzvq j vû c GjvKvi Rb Mvôx K `jxq wfwë Z wewfbœ wekí Avqea K Kg m~pxi AvIZvq Avbv n q Q 20

27 4.2.1 K wl Ges nwu KvjPvi dmj K wl I nwu KvjPvi dmj Drcv` b m ^wš^z e e vcbv Kvh µg nv Z biqv h Z cv i G Z cwievi jvi Avq e w c j iw Z GjvKvi Dci Pvc eûjvs k K g hv e D P djbkxj dm ji/mwâi Avev` e w i gva g Avq evov bv mgwš^z emzwfuv Lvgvi e e vcbv ebr, dj` I flr Mv Qi Pviv Øviv emzwfuv ebvqb nvum gyimx cvjb mn kvkmewri Avev` D P djbkxj I D P g~ j i dm ji Pvlvev` mí mg q D P djbkxj dm ii exr mieivn I Drcv`b e w i Rb GjvKvi K lk `i m PZb I mn hvwmzv Kiv wf jr bvm vwi emzwfuv wfwëk bvm vix D Ëvj b DrmvwnZ Kiv hv wekí Avq m wói GKwU Ab Zg gva g n Z cv i nwu KvjPvi evmvb m wó evdkzj, Av cj Kzj, Kgjv, KvVuvj, Rvg, RjcvB, AvgjwK, BZ vw`i Pviv Øviv emzevwui cövwš K Rwg Z dj evmvb m R b mnvqzv Kiv grm Pvl Qov I Rjvk qi cwi ek evüe grm Pv li j mn-e e vcbv msmv bi gva g `jxq fv e grm Pv l Drmvn cö`vb mn Avw_ K mn hvwmzv Kiv euvk m ú` Dbœqb emz wfuvi cövwš K Rwg Z evu ki evmvb m Rb K i KzwUi wk íi Rb KvuPvgvj mieivn wbwðzkib n Íwkí / ZuvZ wkí ebwbf i `wi`ª gwnjv I wk kvix `i K evwuk I eywuk wel q cöwk b cö`vb DbœZ Pzjv DbœZ Pzjv vc b ` KvwiMi ˆZix wel q cöwk b mn DbœZ Pzjv vc b j vû vc GjvKvi RbMY K D z Kiv wmggwmõi D ` v M ^í g~ j j vû vc GjvKvi RbM Yi gv S DbœZ Pzjv vcb/mieiv ni e e v Kiv h Z cv i G Î, wrwu RW Gi KvQ _ K Avw_ K I KvwiMwi mnvqzv MÖnY Kiv h Z cv i mn-e e vcbv KwgwUi D ` v M eb wbf i `wi`ª RbM Yi Av_ -mvgvwrk Dbœq b mikvi I `vzv Mvôxi mv _ hvmv hvm Ges welq wfwëk cökí MÖnY I Zvi mdj ev evqb Kiv 21

28 5.0 dwmwjwur (AeKvVv gv g~jk) Dbœqb Kg mywp 5.1 D Ïk mg~n AvMZ ch UKMY hv Z ^v Q ` eb cövbx Afqvi Y ågy Ges ch vß Ávb jvf Ki Z cv i mrb cª qvrbxq AeKvVv gv wbg vy I my hvm myweav wbwðz Kiv cwi ekevüe ch UK `i cvkvcvwk eb e e vcbvq wb qvwrz eb wefv Mi gvv ch v qi Kg KZ v/kg Pvix `i Ae v bi Rb I ch vß Nievox wbg vb mn ch vß wbivcëvi e e v Kiv 5.2 myweavw`i Dbœqb ch UK `i cök wz Dc fv Mi D Ï k wb œwjwlz myweavw`i Dbœqb Kiv Ri ixt nwi Lvjv _ K Kz`yg nv ch š UªB ji Dbœqb wbivcëvi Rb ebweu vcb mn hš_ Unj e e v Rvi`vi Kiv wkse`wš ˆZsMv cvnv o UªBj wbg vb ch e Y UvIqvi/ MvjNi/ wckwbk úu/ i nvdr/ MBU wbg vy Szjš eªxr/gwiqvj ivci q wbg v bi welqi we epbvq ivlv h Z cv i bzzb iv v Ges UªBj wbg vy mn we` gvb UªB ji Dbœqb wbw`ó v b eâ wbg vb mn cvwb I Uq j Ui e e v Kiv 6.0 `k bv_ x e e vcbv Kg m~wp 6.1 D Ïk mg~n cwi ek evüe ch Ub wk íi wekv ki j cö qvrbxq mkj cökvi e e v MÖnb wekí Av qi Drm m wói gva g GjvKvevmxi RxweKvq bi my hvm m wó Avw`evmx `i wkí I ms wzi wekvk cvwk s úu ms vi I m úªmviy 6.2 cwi ek evüe ch Ub cwi ek evüe ch Ub GjvKv wpwýzkiy Kz`yg nv, ZsMv cvnvo, BZ vw` `k bxq vb wj cwi`k bi Rb hvmv hvm Ges wbivcëv wel q Dbœqb mn ch UK `i AvK lb Ki Z cv i Ggb vb wj wpwýz K i ` wó b `b wnmv e Dbœq bi e e v MÖnb myweavw` Dbœqb cö ek wd cö ek wd msmö ni gva g ivr ^ Avq e w Kiv Ges bxwzgvjv Abyhvqx iw Z GjvKvi Rxe ewpî msi Y I GjvKvevmxi Dbœq b e envi Kiv QvÎvevm I B Kv-K U R Gi gva g Avq e w Ges Zv Dbœqb Kv R e q Kiv cök wz Ges nvbwks UªBj kvfvea bkvix dz ji evmvb ˆZix bzzb UªBj ˆZix mn cyivzb UªBj ms vi K i ch UK `i åg Yi Dc hvmx Kiv nvbwks UªB j m PZbZv I mzk Zvg~jK (Qwe m ^wjz) wej evw /g v mr evw vcb UªB j er djvi Wv web vcb 22

29 Uzwi wbqgvejx m úwk Z wjd ju ˆZix Ges ch UK `i gv S wezi bi e e v Kiv we` gvb UªBj Dbœq bi gva g `k bv_ x `i cök wz f& ªg Y mn hvwmzv cö`vb ch UK `i K B Kv-Uz i MvBW mev `qv wbwðz Kiv wewfbœ cöpvi gva g cöpviyv (wcö U Ges B jkuªwbk wgwwqv) wckwb Ki Rb myweavw` j vû vc GjvKvq bzzb wckwbk úu Zixi gva g `k bv_ x `i myweav e w Kiv ch UK `i emvi eâ, Uq ju BZ vw` wbg vb mn Lvevi cvwb mieivn Ges wewfbœ we bv`b myweavi e e v ivlv KwgDwbwU wfwëk cwi ek evüe ch Ub e w³mz D ` v M B Kv-K U R Zix I e e vcbvi wel q Drmvn cö`vb mn mn hvwmzv Kiv cwi ek evüe ågy mvgmªx åg bi mgq mv _ biqvi wel q DrmvwnZ Kiv iw Z GjvKvi evwn i i z i U e emvq Drmvn cö`vb DcRvZxq `i ˆZix n wk íi cö`k bx I weµq K `ª wbg vy cwi ek evüe wckwbk úu/iqvp UvIqvi wbg vy ekvi wkw Z hyek `i B Kv-Uz i MvBW cöwk Y cö`v bi gva g ch UK `i ågb wbwe Nœ Kiv cwi ek evüe ch Ub wbqš Y mvbb evw, wej evw, vcb mn wjd ju Qvcv bv Ges ch UK `i gv S wezib Kiv B Kv-Uz i MvB Wi mnvqzv MÖn bi Rb ch UK `i AvnŸvb Rvbv bv hš_ cvnviv ` ji m`m `i chu b msµvš wel q cöwkw Z K i M o Zvjv me Î wmggwmi cöz ZË veavb wbwðz Kiv 6.3 msi Y welqk wk v, m PZbZv Ges AšÍwb wnz A_ we k lb ch Ub wk vi Rb B UviwcÖ UwUf gva g mvbb evw, wej evw, wjd ju, wfwwi wpî, UªBj wpý, B Kv-Uz i MvBW, gvevbj wfwwi f vb, BZ vw`i gva g ch UK `i wewfbœ wel q AewnZ Kiv cwi ek welqk wk v wewfbœ mfv, mgv ek, nvbwks, µm wfwru, gvbwks, wfwwi cö`k b, cöwk Y, BZ vw` welqvw` Av qvr bi gva g cwi ek msµvš wel q vbxq RbMb Ges ch UK `i m PZb Kiv h Z cv i 7.0 Ask MÖnY g~jk gwbuwis (cixwe Y) Ges m gzv e w KiY Kg m~wp 7.1 D Ïk mg~n mn-e e vcbvi ` Zv e w i j m úvw`z Kv Ri weeib Rvbv Ges Gi wfwë Z Kv Ri bmz gvb wbwðz Kiv mn msmvb mymsnz Kiv gwbuwis Gi wfwë Z cwikíbv MÖnY I myóz e e vcbvi gva g Kg m~pxi mdj ev evqb 23

30 7.2 Ask MÖnYg~jK gwbuwis µm wfwru, hš_ mgx v Ges cöwk Y Kvh µ gi gva g ` Zv evov bv ev evwqz/ev evwqze Kv Ri bmz gvb wbwðzkiy 8.0 cövwzôvwbk Dbœqb Kg m~wp 8.1 D Ïk mg~n mn-e e vcbv cöwzôvb K ` / MwZkxj Kiv Rbej e w I cöwk Y cö`v bi gva g Kv Ri Dc hvmx K i M o Zvjv ebf~wg, Rxe ewpî msi Y, B Kv-UzwiR g BZ vw` msµvš Kg KvÛ myózfv e m úv`b 8.2 vwds Ges cöwk b Pvwn`v Abyhvqx óvd wb qvm Kiv Ri ix wb qvm cövß óvd mn Afqvib e e vcbvi mv _ RwoZ e w³em K welqwfwëk cöwk Y cö`v bi gva g Zv `i ` Zv e w Kiv Afqvib e e vcbv, cwi ek I Rxe ewpî msi Y MwVZ Dc-KwgwU mg~ ni m`m `i cö qvrbxq cöwk Yi e e v Kiv welq wfwëk ` Rbej wb qvm Ges G `i cöwk Y cö`v bi gva g GKwU Kvh Kix mne e vcbv M o Zvjv 8.3 `vwqz I KZ e mg~n Afqvib e e vcbvi mv _ mswk ó cö Z K K cvi úvwik `vwqz I KZ e m ú K m ú~b IqvwKenvj _vkv evãbxq Awc Z `vwqz Dcjw I wbôvi mwnz m úv`b Kiv ` e e vcbv KwgwUi g~j gš 9.0 ev RU 9.1 ev RU cöbqb AfqviY e e vcbv mn cwi ek I Rxe ewpî msi Y M nxz Kvh µ gi ev evqb hvm GKwU evrmwik/câevwl K cwikíbv cöyqb (ev e Ges Avw_ K mn) KiZ: mn-e e vcbv KvDwÝ ji Aby gv`b MÖnY mv c ev evqb Kiv h Z cv i Kvh µg ev evq b wbr ^ Znwej m wó mn ewn: Dr mi mvnvh biqv h Z cv i cöv wjz ev RU wbqš Y Ges M nxz Kvh µg h_vh_ fv e ev evqb mn Li Pi wnmve Aek B msi b Kiv eqi k l hvm Zv m úbœ e w³/dvg Øviv AwWU Kiv Ri ix 9.2 ev RU cwiez b/cwigvr b cwikíbv ev evqbvaxb mg q g~j ùxwzi Kvi b ev RU cwiez b/cwigvr b Kiv h Z cv i Z e cwiewz Z/cwigvR b ev RU mn-e e vcbv KvDwÝ ji Aby gv`b mv c ev evqb Ki Z n e 24

31 10.0 mn-e e vcbv msmvb wji avivevwnkzv ervq ivlvi KŠkj cök íi gqv` kl niqvi c ii mn-e e vcbv msmvb wj hv Z djcömy Ges Kvh Ki fv e iw Z GjvKv jv msi b Ges Dbœqb Kvh µ gi avivewnkzv ervq ivl Z cv i mb j AvBc vk Gi Kg cwikíbvq mwµq Ges ev em Z c` c MÖn bi w`kwb ` kbv i q Q, hv wbgœi ct 10.1 AvBc v Ki AvIZvaxb 25wU iw Z GjvKvi Rb GjvKv wfwëk avivevwnkzvi Kg cwikíbv cöbqb avivevwnkzv ervq ivlvi j 16wU iw Z eb Ges 5wU iw Z Rjvf~wgi Rb h 21 wu iw Z GjvKv mn-e e vcbv cwikíbv cöbqb Kiv n q Q Zv Z w`kwb ` kbv m ^wjz G Aby Q`wU ms hvrb Kiv n q Q mn-e e cbv msmvb wj hw` mn-e e vcbv cwikíbvq D j wlz w`kwb ` kbv gvzv ek Zv `i mvsmvwbk Kvh µg jv h_vh_ fv e cwipvjbv K i Z e cökí gqv`v š Zv `i avivevwnkzv Aek B ervq _vk e 10.2 avivevwnkzvi Rb cövwzôvwbk ` Zv e w Ges gvbe m ú` Dbœqb cöwk bi gva g cövwzôvwbk ` Zv e w mn `jmz Kg ` Zv Dbœq bi wfwë Z mn-e e vcbv cöwzôv bi avivevwnkzv ervq ivlv AvBc vk cök íi Ab Zg g~j j GB j cöwk bi cvkvcvwk cövwzôvwbk Ges Avw_ K e e vcbvq we kl i Z cö`vb Ki Z n e GLv b D j L Kiv cö qvrb h mn-e e vcbv cöwzôvb wji e e vcbvi Rb h mkj my úó w`k wb ` kbv cö`vb Kiv n q Q mb gvzv ek mne e vcbv msmvb wj Zv `i Kg KvÛ cwipvjbv Ki Q wkbv mb welq wj wbwðz Ki Z n e hgb t h_vmg q mn-e e vcbv msmv bi wbav wiz mfv jv AbywôZ niqv ( hgb: mne e vcbv KwgwU, wccjm& dvivg, wbmm mnvqk, wf jr KwgDwbwU dvivg Gi wbav wiz mfv jv) cöwzwu mfvi Kvh weeibxmn wm vš wbav wiz gn j cöib Kiv wfwmgd, Gb Gm Ges wc Gd msmvb jvi Kvh µg wbqwgz fv e wmggwm KZ K gwbui Kiv mswk ó mikvix cöwzôv bi mv _ wbav wiz mfv jv h_v mg q m úv`b Kiv, BZ vw` GQvovI Avw_ K e e vcbv hv Z wbqgbxwz gvzv ek ^ QZvi mv _ cwipvwjz nq m wel qi wbwðz n Z n e hgbt mn-e e vcbv cöwzôv bi (wmggwm/aviggi) evwl K Dbœqb cwikíbv cöbqb Ges wbav wiz KZ c i wbku n Z Aby gv`b Kiv mn-e e vcbv cöwzôv bi mkj Avq e q ^ QZvi mv _ wnmvevwqz Kiv ` Zvi mv _ iw Z GjvKvi cö ek wd mn Ab vb wd Av`vq KvDwÝj KwgwU Z wmggwm/aviggi Gi Avw_ K cöwz e`b Dc vcb Ges Aby gv`b Kwi q biqv wbav wiz mg q AwfÁ AwWUi Øviv wnmve wbkvk AwWU Kiv bv, BZ vw` Avgv `i g b ivl Z n e h myôz cövwzôvwbk ` Zv Ges ^ Q Avw_ K e e vcbvi DciB mn-e e vcbv cöwzôv bi avivevwnkzv wbf jkxj D j L h mn-e e vcbv cöwzôv bi Rb GKwU Ôcvidi gý gwbuwis vikvwõ cªbqb Kiv n q Q hv Kvh Ki fv e m úvw`z Kvh µg/dbœqb avivevwnk fv e g~j vwqz n Q cöm½z h GB Kvh µ gi gva g mikvix cöwzôv bi ` Zv Ges cöwzkö wz e w cv e hv mn-e e vcbv msmvb I Gi A½ msmvb jvi mv _ msi bi wel q mg_ b e w Ki e djkö wz Z GK Î KvR Kiv mnr n e 25

32 10.3 `xn gqv`x Ges m ^wš^z Avw_ K e e vcbv M o Zvjv cöwzwu iw Z GjvKvq wbw`ó m vebvgq welq wj wpwýz K i `xq gqv`x Ges mgwš^z Avw_ K e e vcbv M o Zzj Z n e Gi g a i q Q mkj mn-e e vcbv msmv bi mvmvj I qj dqvi `ß i wbeüb Kiv hv Z Zviv Znwej msmön/m wó Ges Gi e e vcbv Ki Z cv i Znwej msmön m vebvi g a i q Q t iw Z GjvKvi cö ek wd, cvwk s wd BZ vw` eve` cövß ivr ^i kzkiv 50 fvm iw Z GjvKvi B Kv-Uz wirg _ K cövc Av qi fvm Avib K dvd Ûkb Gi mv _ mn-e e vcbv msmv bi mzzeüb vc bi gva g cövß dvû mikvix eiv cövwßi my hvm Kwi q `Iqv Ab vb `vzv Ges emikvix cöwzôv bi wbku _ K Avw_ K mg_ b cövwßi j Dbœqb cökí cöbqb Ges `vwlj Kiv, BZ vw` D j wlz m vebv jv h_vh_ fv e Kv R jvmv bv M j mn-e e vcbv msmv bi avivevwnkzv i vi Î h e vck Ae`vb ivl e Zv ejvi A c v iv L bv 10.4 ÔwbmM buiqv K iõ cwjwm Ges AvBbMZ mg_ b wbwðzkibt iw Z GjvKvi mn-e e vcbv K Ôcwjwm Ges AvBbMZÕ mg_ b jv fi j bzzb Ôiw Z GjvKv bxwzgvjvõ cöbqbmn mn mn-e e vcbv avibv K Aš f~³ K i we` gvb Ôeb AvBbÕ Ges Ôeb cövbx AvBbÕ ms kvab Kvh µg cövq P~ovš ch vq GQvovI we` gvb RvZxq eb bxwz Z I Ômn-e e vcbv avibv KÕ Aš f~³ K i eb wefvm GKwU hy Mvc hvmx RvZxq ebbxwz cöbq bi KvR nv Z wb q Q G Î AvBc v Ki AR b h _ó Drmvne ÄK iw Z GjvKvi mn-e e vcbv K wewfbœ gn j Zy j aiv mn mikvix mg_ b Av`vq Ges mikvix Avw_ K Ges KvwiMix mnvqzv cövwßi m vebvgq Î wj Kv R jvmv bv M j mikv ii mwµq/djcömy mn hvmx wnmv e mn-e e vcbv msmv bi avivevwnkzv i v wbwðz n e 10.5 gz wewbg qi gva g mn-e e vcbv msmvb wji g a buiqv K vcb t iw Z GjvKv msi b Ômn-e e vcbv c wzõ evsjv `k mikv ii AvBb Ges cwjwm MZ mg_ b jvf mn Avw_ K mnvqzv cövwßi wbwg Ë Kvh Ki cöfve we v ii j GKwU RvZxq KÚ (National Voice) Ges gâ (Platform) vc bi Rb mn-e e vcbv cöwzôvb wji g a gzwewbg qi gva g Kvh Ki buiqvwk s M o Zvjv Ri ix GB j mn-e e vcbv msmvb jvi mswk ó BDwbqb cwil`, Dc Rjv Ges Rjv ch v qi Kg KZ v `i mv _ Nwbô hvmm~î vcb Kiv Ri ix GQvovI mn-e e vcbv buiqv K Gi gva g wewfbœ RvZxq dviv g mn-e e vcbv welqwu Dc vc bi Kvh Ki c` c MÖnb Kiv cö qvrb 11.0 Rjevqy cwiez bi cöfve Ges Awf hvrb cwikíbv 11.1 Rjevqy cwiez b Rjevqy n Q Kvb GjvKvi Kgc 30 eq ii Mo AvenvIqv Kvb wbw` ó FZy Z GKwU GjvKvi AvenvIqvi j Yxq cwiez b nq Rjevqy cwiez bi Kvi Y Rjevqy cwiez b GKwU wbqwgz cövk wzk NUbv wkš gvby li Kg Kv Û Zv e vckfv e cöfvwez nq Rjevqy cwiez bi d j c w_exi ZvcgvÎv e w cv Q hv ˆewk K Dòvqb bv g AwfwnZ Rjevqy cwiez bi Kvi Y gvbe Aw Z mn G MÖ ni RxeˆewPÎ ûgwki m ylxb 11.2 Rjevqy cwiez bi KviYmg~n cövk wzk KviY t hgb: f~-k úb, mši kw³i ZviZg, c w_exi K xq cwiez b, Av MœqwMwi, mvgyw`ªk mªv Zi ZviZg, µgvmgb BZ vw` 26

33 gbyl m ó KviY t hgb: MÖxb nvdr M vm wbtmiy, ewk K DòZv, ebvâj aÿsm, f~wg e env i cwiez b BZ vw` 11.3 UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi b Rjevqy cwiez bi cöfvemg~n mgỳ ªc ôi D PZv e w avibv Kiv nq h mgỳ ª c ôi D PZv 45 mw UwgUvi e w c j 2050 mvj bvmv` evsjv ` ki 10-15% f~wg c vwez n e hvi d j DcK~jxq GjvKvq Rjve Zv e w cv e, K wl, emwz I AeKvVv gvmz Dbœqb wzmö n e mgỳ ªc ôi D PZv 1wgUvi e w c j GB AÂ ji cvwb wb vkb e nz n e, cvwbi jebv³zv e w c q K wl I grm m ú `i e vck wz n Z cv i mgỳ ªc ôi D PZv e w c j R jv Qvm&RwbZ wzi e vwß I cwigvb n e AviI fqven hv RvZxq `y h vm m wó Ki Z cv i `wi`ª, f~wgnxb RbMb hv `i emzevwo Kivi gz RvqMv bb Zviv ewk SzwuKi g a co e AwZ e wócvz Rjevqy cwiez Z n j `ke vcx el v gšmy g e wócvz AwZgvÎvq evo e G Z el vq we kl K i evllvjx I bvd b`x Z cvwbcöevn evo e, hv evov e eb vi cö Kvc AwaK e wó, AvKw K eb v I gšmygx eb vi cwigvb e w i Kvi Y AvDm ev Avgb Pv li GjvKv K g hv e Ges dm ji Drcv`b e vnz n e b`xi xy cöevn Rjevqy cwiez bi d j ïk bv gšmy g ` ki cöavb cöavb b`xi we kl K i `w b AÂ ji bvd b`xi cöevn Av iv n«vm cv e b`xi xy cöev ni Kvi Y mvgyw`ªk jvbv cvwb ` ki Af š i cö ek K i b`b`xi cvwb Z jeyv³zv evwo q ` e b`x c _ bve Zv msk Ui Kvi Y A bk GjvKvi bšc_ ï gšmy g PjvPj eü n q h Z cv i G Z GjvKvi mp e e v ûgwki gy L co Z cv i b`xi xb cöfve b`x `~lb e w i Ab Zg Kvib n Z cv i AvKw K eb v ` ki `w b-c~e vâ ji 1,800 em wkt wgt GjvKv G ai bi AvKw K eb vi wkkvi cvnvox GjvKvi e wócv Zi evrmwik cwimsl vb I b`xi cvwb cöev ni aib _ K `Lv M Q h, cöwz 2-3 eqi ci ci evsjv ` k we kl K i `w b-c~e vâ j GiKg AvKw K eb v `Lv `q Livi cö Kvc Kvb GjvKvq e wócv Zi Zyjbvq ev úxfe bi gvîv ekx n j mlv b Liv `Lv `q A_ vr e wócv Zi cwigvy cö qvr bi Zyjbvq Kg n j Ges vbxk wepv i e wócvz mgfv e ew UZ bv n j Liv `Lv `q Kvb AÂ ji gvwu Z Av`ª Zvi Afv e `Lv `q Liv; G Z dmj nvwb N U Ges Dw `vw` Rb v Z cv i bv So SÂv DËß evqy I N~wY evqy _ K S oi D e nq cvwbi DËvc e w B N~wY S oi Ab Zg cöavb KviY evsjv `k cöwz eqi g-ryb Ges A ±vei-b f ^i gv m N~wY So `Lv `q N~wY S oi d j `w b-c~ e Rjv mg~ n we kl K i UKbvd eb cövbx Afqvi b e mg~n So SÂvi Kvi b gvivz Kfv e wzmö nq 27