cyuwRev` I Bmjvgt

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1 f~wgkv : cövp I cvðvz Ñ Z_v mgmö wek e vcx bvix wbh vzb GKwU mgm v wkš G m úwk Z mg Av jvpbvq Ggbfv e G e vcviwu K Dc vcb Kiv nq hb GwU ïaygvî gymwjg we k ib GKwU mgm v Avi Gi KviY wn m e me mgq `vqx Kiv nq Bmjvg K Bmjv g bvixi AwaKvi I gh v`v m ú K A bk åvš aviyv mgv R cöpwjz Av Q hgb: Bmjvg cyi l K w` q Q bvix wbh vzb Kivi AwaKvi bvixi bb wk v MÖnY, ivrbxwz wksev A_ bwzk Kg Kv Û AskMÖn Yi AwaKvi bvixi bb Kvb wel q wbr ^ gz cökv ki AwaKvi bvixi bb ^vgx wbe vpb ev cö qvr b ^vgx K ZvjvK cö`v bi AwaKvi wnrve ev c` vcö_vi g~j D Ïk bvix `i Aei Kiv wnjv we q, MÖvgM Äi gvjv `i Ab vq d Zvqv, Abvi wkwjs BZ vw` Bmjvg Aby gvw`z welq wkš we qki n ji mz, Dc iv³ Kvb cöpviyvi mv _B bb Bmjv gi `~izg m úk GLb _ K PŠÏÕkZ eqi Av M Bmjvg wbwl K i Q mkj cökvi bvix wbh vzb Dchy³ m v bi mv _ wbwðz K i Q bvixi my úó mvgvwrk, A_ bwzk I ivr bwzk AwaKvi wkš, AvR mg wek e vcx Bmjvgx iv óªi Abycw wz Z bvix ewâz n q Q Zvi Avjvn& cö`ë mkj AwaKvi _ K bvix `i cöwz Bmjv gi ` wóf½x m úwk Z wg_ v cöpviyv K fyj cöwzcbœ Kivi Rb GB cyw Kvi cö_g Aa v q Bmjv g bvixi gh v`v m ú K ms c Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q ciez x wzb Aa v q Av jvwpz n q Q ez gvb we k bvix wbh vz bi wpî Ges `Lv bv n q Q h Gi g~j KviY n Q cwðgv cyuwrev`x wpš v I e e v GKgvÎ BmjvgB h cv i bvix `i K meai bi wbh vzb _ K gy³ K i mwz Kvi wbivcëv w` Z Ñ Zv wee Z n q Q câg I lô Aa v q me k l, Bmjv gi BwZnv mi gnxqmx bvix `i GKwU msw ß wpî Zz j a i cyw Kvi mgvwß Uvbv n q Q c ôv - 03 cö_g Aa vq : Bmjvgx mgvre e vq bvixi m vb I gh v`v Bmjvg bvix `i f~wgkv K h_v_ m vb w` q Q wb gœi Av jvpbvq Avgiv `L ev gv, x I Kb v wn m e A_ev GKRb ckvrxwe I Ab vb Î f~wgkv cvjbkvix wn m e Kxfv e Bmjvg bvix `i gh `v K myd P K i Q 1. m vb I gh v`vi gvckvwv: cyuwrev`x mgv R g~jzt bvixi m vb I gh v`vi gvckvwv n Q bvixi ˆ`wnK mš `h I Avw_ K cöwzôv Avi Bmjvgx mgv R bvixi m vb I gh v`vi gvckvwv n Q Zvi Avjvn&fxi Zv ev ZvKIqv ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb, ÒGB c w_ex Ges Gi ga w Z mg wkqyb g~j evb wkš mepvb Z g~j evb n Q GKRb Avjvn&fxi bvix Ó (gymwjg) 2. gvz Z i m vb: cyuwrev`x mgvr bvixi gvz Z K `qwb Kvb m vb I gh v`v Avi Bmjvg bvix K gv wnmv e K i Q mepvb Z ekx m vwbz ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb, Ògv qi cv qi bx P mš v bi RvbœvZ Ó 3. M nk g i gh v`v: cyuwrev`x mgvr bvixi M nk g i g Zv i Z c~y KvR K K i Q Zz QZvw Qj Avi Bmjvg bvixi M ni Af š ii i Z c~y `vwqz, mš vb Rb `vb I jvjbcvjb Kiv K w` q Q wrnv `i gh v`v ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb, ÒN i Zvgiv (bvixiv) Zvgv `i mš vb `i hzœ bvi Avi GUvB Zvgv `i Rb wrnv` Ó (gymbv ` Avngv`) 4. x wnmv e m vb: x wnmv ei bvix K Bmjvg w` q Q cwic~y m vb I gh v`v ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb, Ò Zvgv `i g a mb e w³ DËg h Zvi xi Kv Q DËg Avi wbðqb Avwg Avgvi xi Kv Q me v c v ekx DËg Ó (wziwghx) 5. Kb vmš v bi m vb: cyuwrev` wbqwš Z AvaywbK GB c w_ex Z GLbI Kb vmš vb AbvKvw LZ A_P Bmjvg DËg iƒ c Kb v mš vb jvjb-cvjb Kiv KI Bev`Z wnmv e MY K i Q ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb, Ò h e w³i Kvb Kb v mš vb _v K Ges Zv K m DËg wk v `q, Zvi Rb RvbœvZ AeavwiZ n q hvq Ó 6. me i bvixi m vb: Bmjvg mgv Ri mkj ii gvbyl K bvixi mv _ m vbrbk AvPiY Kivi Rb DrmvwnZ K i Q ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb, ÒïaygvÎ m vwbz jv KivB bvix `i cöwz m vbrbk AvPiY K i Avi hviv Am vwbz, bvix `i cöwz Zv `i AvPiYI nq Am vbrbk Ó (wziwghx) c ôv - 04

2 GB n jv Bmjv g bvixi gh v`v Avi GUv ez gvb we k i cöpwjz g~j ev ai g Zv bq hlv b bvix `i `Lv nq KejgvÎ hšbzvi cözxkiƒ c Ges fv Mi Dcv`vb wn m e Gi djkö wz Z cöwzwbqz bvixiv wbh vwzz n Q, Avi Gi weeiy Avgiv `Le ciez x wzb Aa vq wøzxq Aa vq : cwðgv we k bvix wbh vzb cwð gi bvix ^vaxbzvi KíKvwnbx : bvix wbh vz bi mgvavb wnmv e cwðgv wek mg c w_exe vcx wd«wg ev ^vaxbzvi a vbaviyv K Rv ii mv _ cöpvi Ki ji, cök Zc ^vaxbzvi wg_ v kvmv b Rxe bi cöwzwu c` c cwð gi bvixiv n q Q GK Awfbe `vm Z i wkkvi wek my `ix cöwz hvwmzv, mycvi wnu nwjdw gywf, bvgx-`vgx d vkb g vmvwrb wksev PvL avuav bv weávc bi mvnv h Zviv gymwjg we k I AvKl Yxqfv e Dc vcb Ki Q Zv `i gy³- ^vaxb bvix `i Zv `i B j±ªwbk Avi wcö U wgwwqv Z AvaywbKv bvix `i `L j g b nq Rxe bi me ÎB Zviv cöpû ikg ^vaxb ^vaxb mgv R Zv `i f~wgkv wba vi Yi Î, ^vaxb cvkvk cwiav bi Î wksev ^vaxb cyi li mv _ m úk Zixi Î wkš ev ezv n jv, Zv `i kix ii IRb, cöwzwu A ½i gvc, cvkvk-cwi Q` _ K ïi K i mvrm¾v ch š mewkqzb wbqwš Z nq d vkb, Wv qu wksev Km gwukm BÛv ªxi Øviv mgv Ri wb ` k gvb Z wm q Zviv wb R K cwiyz K i m v we bv` bi cv Î Avi, gy³- ^vaxb nevi Rb eva Zvg~jK fv e Kvu a Zz j bq RxweKv DcvR bi g Zv KwVb `vwqz cwðgv cyuwrev`x mf Zv Ñ bvix wbh vz bi g~j KviY : cyuwrev` n Q gvby li ˆZix GK Rxebe e v, hvi g~jwfwë e w³ ^v_ wmw G Rxebe e vq gvby li bb Kv iv Kv Q Kvb Revew`wnZv eis i q Q jvmvgnxb e w³ ^vaxbzvi bv g ^ QvPvixZvi my hvm ZvB, cyuwrev` wbqwš Z mgv R Revew`wnZvi Abycw wz Avi P~ovš e w³ ^vaxbzvi my hvm wb q gvbyl, A b i PvIqv-cvIqv, Av em- Abyf~wZ, AmnvqZ GgbwK bvix KI cwiyz K i gybvdv nvwm ji c Y cyuwrev`x mgvr bvix K ` L wb iu fvm cy I gybvdv nvwm ji DcKiY wnmv e d j, bvix mgv Ri Kvb m vwbz m`m wnmv e we ewpz bv n q, mgv R cöpwjz Ab vb c Y i g ZvB cwiyz nq wewkwkwbi c Y Avi nxb ^v_ wmw i gv n AÜ gvbyl bvixi ˆ`wnK mš `h K cyuwr K i Pvjvq RgRgvU e emv e Zt bvixi cöwz G RNY ` wóf½xi cöz djvdj wnmv e ^ QvPvix gvbyl ïaygvî jvfevb nevi Rb wkw Z-Awkw Z, abx-`wi`ª mkj bvix KB K i wbh vwzz gy³ mgvr, gy³ gvbyl, gy³ A_ bxwz BZ vw` cwðgv cyuwrev`x Rxeb`k bi g~jgš n ji, gy³ mgv Ri gy³ Rxe bi aviyv bvix K gyw³ `qwb eis eû b e o Q Zvi Dci AZ vpvi Avi wbh vz bi cwigvy ev ezv n jv, wd«wg ev ^vaxbzvi aviyv cwðgv mgv Ri gvbyl K V j w` q Q ^ QvPvix I `vwqz Ávbnxb GK Rxe bi w` K hlv b ^vaxbzvi Ace env i wbh vwzz n Q bvixmn mgv Ri AMwYZ gvbyl Revew`wnZvi Abycw wz Z GK gvby li ^vaxbzv n Q Ab gvby li `vm Z i KviY Avi, e w³ ^vaxbzvi P~ovš AccÖ qv M Zv `i mgv R evo Q Lyb, al Y, hšb nqivbx I cvwievwik mwnsmzvmn mkj cökvi bvix wbh vzb GQvov, mxgvnxb ^vaxbzvi my hvm wb q eo eo gvwëb vkbvj Kv úvbx jvi ïaygvî jvfevb nevi Rb bvix K cwiyz Ki Q wblv` fvm c Y GK br i cwðgv mgv R bvix wbh vzb : 1. d vkb BÛvw ªi wbh vzb: cwðgv mgv R g~jzt Zv `i d vkb, Wv qu Avi Km gwukm& BÛvw ª jvb wba viy K i bvixi cvkvk, Zvi mvr-m¾v, GgbwK Zvi ` ni cöwzwu A ½i gvc ^vaxbzvi wg_ v kvmv b bvix K Zviv eva K i RNY fv e `n cö`k b Ki Z Zvici, Aa bmœ mbme bvix `n K K `ª K i M o Zvjv nq wewjqb wewjqb Wjv ii e emv 1988 mv j UvBg g vmvwr b cökvwkz Z_ Abyhvqx, hy³iv R i wedwu BÛvw ª jv cöwzeqi 8.9 wewjqb cvdû gybvdv AR b K i _v K Avi, mg wek e vcx d vkb BÛvw ª jv eq i AR b K i gvî 1.5 nvrvi wewjqb Wjv ii gybvdv Aciw` K, bvgkiv g Wj ev mycvi g Wj n Z wm q bvix K Kgv Z nq Avk¼vRbK ch v q Zvi IRb cwiywz Z eü vz, fqven wbgœ i³pvc, A v bv iw qv wksev ey jwgqvi g Zv gvivz K ivm nq Zvi Rxebm½x b vkbvj Bbw wudu Ad gbuvj nj_ Gi cö`ë cwimsl vb Abyhvqx hy³iv óª cöwz 20 R b 1 Rb bvix A v bv iw qv, ey jwgqv wksev gvivz K zavg `vi c ôv - 05 c ôv - 06

3 wkkvi nq Avi cöwzeqi 1000 Rb gvwk b bvix A v bv iw qv iv M g Zz eiy K i (m~î: Av gwikvb A v bv iw qv/ey jwgqv A v mvwm qkb) e Zt d vkb BÛvw ª jvi eu a `qv fvbuvj vwukwukm& AR b Ki Z wm qb cwð g AKv j S i hvq G me bvixi Rxeb 2. al Y I hšb nqivwb: bvix-cyi li jvmvgnxb gjv gkv Avi cöe wë c~i Yi Aeva ^vaxbzvi cöz djvdj ^iƒc cwðgv mgv Ri bvixiv Anin nq al Y I hšb nqivwbi wkkvi GgbwK GB wek Z AvPiY _ K m mgv Ri wb úvc wkïiv ch š invb cvq bv bvix ^vaxbzvi AMÖcw_K hy³iv óª cöwz 45 m K Û awl Z nq GKRb bvix, Avi eq i GB msl v wm q `vuovq mv o mvz j (m~î : w` AvMwj Uªy_, jlk gvb Kj c v iw U) Avi, e U b cöwz 20 R bi g a GKRb bvix awl Z nq Ges gvî 100 R bi g a GKRb al K aiv c o 3. Kg Î nqivwb: MYgva g jv Z bvix K cöwzwbqz m wm ^j wnmv e Dc vcb Kivi d j bvixi cöwz mgv Ri me i ˆZix nq Am vbrbk GK wek Z ` wóf½x Avi wek Z ` wóf½xi djvdj wnmv e wkw Z bvixivi Kg Î Zv `i cyi l mnkg xi Kv Q cöwzwbqz nq hšb nqivwbi wkkvi wgwwqv I mikvix Z_ Abyhvqx hy³iv óª cöwzeqi 40-60% bvix Kg Î hšb nqivwbi wkkvi nq Avi BD ivwcqvb DB gbm jwei cö`ë Z_ Abyhvqx hy³iv R I 40-50% bvix Zvi cyi l mnkg xi KvQ _ K wewfbœ ai bi hšb nqivwbi wkkvi nq 4. cvwievwik mwnsmzv: h mgv R bb Kv iv Kvb Revew`wnZv, bb ci ú ii cöwz Kvb kª v eva Avi mb mv _ i q Q mxgvnxb ^ QvPvixZvi my hvm, m mgv R fqven cvwievwik mwnsmzv nq wbz bwgwëk e vcvi e Zt Rxeb m ú K G ai Yi fq¼i åvwš g~jk aviyv _ KB we qi c~ e ev c i memgqb cwð gi bvixiv nq Zvi cyi lm½xi cvkwek wbh vz bi wkkvi hy³iv óª cöwz 18 m K Û GKRb bvix ^vgx KZ K cöüz nq BDGm Rvw m wwcvu g U Gi 1998 mv j cö`ë Z_ Abyhvqx, hy³iv óª cöwzeqi 9 j 60 nvrvi cvwievwik mwnsmzvi NUbv N U Avi, cövq 40 j bvix Zvi ^vgx A_ev eq d«ûi Øviv kvixwikfv e nq wbh vwzz Zv K n Z nq fq¼i kvixwik I gvbwmk wbh vz bi wkkvi hy³iv óªi Ug vpvi Bbw wudu Gi cö`ë cwimsl vb Abyhvqx, hy³iv óª cöwzeqi eqi eqmx bvix `i g a cövq 7 j 50 nvrvi AweevwnZ bvix Mf ezx nq Avi, m ` ki K vwj dvwb qv iv R eq i 1 j 13 nvrvi wk kvix g q Mf aviy K i 6. Kg Î ˆelg g~jk wbh vzb: cwðgv mf Zv c w_exe vcx bvix-cyi li mgawakv ii evz v cöpvi Ki ji Zv `i wb R `i mgv RB bvixiv cöpû ˆel gi wkkvi ïay gvî bvix nevi Rb GKB Kv Ri Rb Zv K cyi li PvB Z `qv nq A bk Kg A_ GLb _ K cövq 40 eqi Av M cöwm W U K bww hy³iv óª BKz qj c A v± AvBb cvk Ki ji, GLbI 15 eqi I Zvi D aÿ Kg iz bvixiv GKB Kv Ri Rb cyi l `i PvB Z cöwz Wjv i 23 m U Kg DcvR b K i BD.Gm Mf g U A vkvd UwewjwU Awdm Gi Rwic _ K `Lv hvq, m ` ki wkí cöwzôvb jvi e e vcbv wefv Mi gvu Kg Pvixi cövq 70 fvm bvix n ji bvix e e vckiv cyi li PvB Z A bk Kg A_ c q _v K ïay ZvB bq, mv ji g a hy³iv óª bvix-cyi li DcvR bi GB ˆelg µgvš^ q e o Q e Zt cwð gi `k jv Z bvixiv ïaygvî `ywu ckvq cyi l `i PvB Z ekx DcvR b K i, Zvi GKwU n Q g Wwjs Avi Ab wu n Q cwzzve wë 7. c Y vmövwd BÛvw ªi wbh vzb: cwðgv we k bvixiv mepvb Z RNb fv e wbh vwzz nq c Y vmövwd BÛvw ªi gva g hlv b, d vkb BÛvw ªi g ZvB bmœ bvix `n K K `ª K i M o Zvjv n q Q c w_ex e vcx we Z gybvdv jvfx GK Pµ Avi, Gi RNb wkkvi n Q j KvwU Amnvq bvix I wkï ïay bmœ bvix `n K DcRxe K i GB c w_ex Z 57 wewjqb BD.Gm Wjv ii c Y vmövwd BÛvw ª M o D V Q hy³iv óªi c Y vmövwd BÛvw ªi evwl K ivr ^ m ` ki eûj cöpvwiz B j±ªwbk wgwwqv G.we.wm, wm.we.gm Ges Gb.we.wm-i cö`ë gvu ivr ^i PvB ZI ekx (6.2 wewjqb Wjvi) cök Zc, cyuwrev`x g š `xw Z gvby li mxgvnxb jvf Avi P~ovš ^ QvPvixZvB wek e vcx c Y vmövwd BÛvw ª M o DVvi g~jkviy 5. Kzgvix gv q `i hš bv: bvix-cyi li Aeva gjv gkvi cöavb Amnvq wkkvi nq cwð gi Kzgvix Aíeqmx bvixiv Avb `i ce k l ekxi fvm ÎB cyi l m½x Avw_ K ev mvgvwrk Kvb `vq`vwqz ^xkvi bv Kivq GKvKx wb Z nq Zv K AbvûZ mš v bi `vwqz Avi, AcwiYZ eq m ce Zmg `vwqz wb q wm q c ôv - 07 c ôv - 08

4 Z Zxq Aa vq : evsjv ` k bvix wbh vzb - cwðgv cyyuwrev`x a vb-aviyvi cöz djvdj we k i Ab vb ` ki g Zv G ` ki mgvri AvR cyuwrev`x a vb-aviyv w` q cöpûfv e cöfvwez Avi ZvB cwðgv we k i g Zv G ` ki Avbv P-Kvbv PI Pj Q AvR bvix `i Dci Pig wbh vzb 1. cvwievwik mwnsmzv: hw`i G ` k cvwievwik mwnsmzvi Rb memgq Bmjvg KB `vqx Kiv nq, wkš, cök Z c ci ú ii cöwz kª vkxj cvwievwik Rxeb ˆZixi gva g BmjvgB GKgvÎ eü Ki Z cv i mgv R Pjgvb cvwievwik mwnsmzv e Zt ^vgx- x Ges cwiev ii Ab vb m`m `i g a G K A b i cöwz kª v ev ai Abycw wz Z jvmvgnxb e w³ ^vaxbzvi P~ovš AccÖ qvmb fqven cvwievwik mwnsmzvi g~j KviY wewfbœ Rwic _ K `Lv hvq h, G ` k ga weë Ges D PweË mgv Ri ekxi fvm bvixiv `v úz Rxe b ^vgx KZ K ev cwiev ii Ab vb m`m KZ K Kvb bv Kvb fv e wbh vz bi wkkvi nb G wbh vz bi Kej _ K wek we` vj qi wkw Kv, wpwkrmk A_ev Bs irx gva gi zj wkw Kv KDB invb cvq bv ekxi fvm ÎB ïaygvî cwiev ii m vb i v _ Zviv P c hvb G me wbh vz bi K_v (m~î: wc.avb.we BDwb md wdpvi) 2. al Y I nz v: cvðv Z i g ZvB G ` k cöwzeqi awl Z wksev al Yi ci b ksm nz vkv Ûi wkkvi nq AmsL bvix I wkï me i Revew`wnZvi Abycw wz Avi cöe wë c~i Yi Aeva ^vaxbzvi my hvmb g~jzt cyi l K V j `q wek Z Dcv q Zvi Pvwn`v c~i Y Avi Zvi Amnvq wkkvi nq nvrvi nvrvi wbiciva bvix wewfbœ Gb.wR.I _ K cövß Z_ `Lv hvq, G ` k cövq 50 kzvsk bvix al b mn wewfbœ hšb nqivwbi wkkvi nq Ges kzkiv cövq 30 fvm bvix Rvic~e K al Yi wkkvi nq wkš, G `i ekxi fvmb gvbm v bi f q KL bv Zv cökvk K i bv 3. hšzz Ki Rb wbh vzb: hšzy Ki Rb G ` k cöwzeqi kz kz bvix K b ksm fv e nz v Kiv nq Avi wbg g wbh vz bi wkkvi n Z nq j j bvix K g~jzt e w³ ^v_ wmw i wb iu cyuwrev`x a vb-aviyv _ KB gvbe Rxe bi weevn bvgk Aa vqwui cwiyz nq gybvdv nvwm ji DcKi Y Avi Kvw LZ hšzz Ki A_ cö`v b Kb vc i AcviMZvq bvixi Rxe b b g Av m AgvbywlK wbh vzb KL bv Zv K S i h Z nq G my `i c w_ex _ K m cöwz evsjv `k gvbevwakvi ms v Ges evsjv `k gwnjv AvBbRxwe mwgwz KZ K cökvwkz GK cwimsl vb _ K `Lv hvq, G ` k 2001 mv j hšzz Ki Rb wbh vwzz n q Q 12,500 Rb bvix 2002 mv j Zv e o `vouvq 18,455 Rb Ges 2003 mv ji k li w` K G msl v wm q `vouvq 22,450 R b 4. BfwUwRs: bvix K MYgva g mn me Î cöwzwbqz fvm cy wnmv e Dc vwcz K i Zvi m vb I gh v`v f~jywúz Kivi cöz djvdj n Q BfwUwRs Gi g Zv fq¼i mvgvwrk mgm v g~jzt mgv Ri me Î bvixi cöwz m vbrbk ` wóf½xi Afv e DVwZ eq mi Zi Y `i Kv Q bvix cwiyz n q Q GLb webv cqmvi we bv` b Avi Zv `i G wek Z we bv` bi `ytmn fvi mb Z bv c i i wg, wmwg Avi Z lvi g Zv Zi Yxiv e Q wb Q AvZ nb bi c_ 2006 mv ji Ryb gv m ˆ`wbK RbK Ú cökvwkz GK cöwz e`b _ K `Lv hvq, 4 eq i BfwUwRs Gi wkkvi n q G ` k 28 Rb wk kvix I Zi Yx AvZ nz v K i Q 5. GwmW mš vm: GwmW mš vm bvixi Rxe b GK gywz gvb AvZ¼ wbr ^v_ wmw i gv n AÜ cyi l bvix K cög wb e`b K i cöz vl vz n j ev bvix Zvi ^v_ wmw i Aš ivq n j cöwzwnsmv ekzt Gwm W Sj m `q bvix K Pzigvi n q hvq bvixi Rxe bi mkj ^cœ Kvb Kvb mgq wb f hvq Zvi Rxeb cö`xc ` ki wewfbœ RvZxq `wb K cökvwkz Lei _ K `Lv hvq, ïaygvî 2007 mv jb cö g cöz vlvb mn wewfbœ Kvi Y Gwm W Sj m `qv n q Q 80 Rb bvix K G `i g a gvî 40 Rb Acivaxi wei gvgjv Kiv n q Q GwmW mš vm g~jzt ^ QvPvix G mgv R bvixi wbr ^ gzvg Zi cöwz P~ovš Akª v cö`k bib wnsmvz K ewntcökvk 6. Kg Î hšb nqivwb: bvix h mgv R cwiyz n q Q m v we bv` bi c Y Avi cöwzwbqz Zv K Dc vcb Kiv n Q hšbzvi cözxk wnmv e, m mgv R bvixiv Kg ÎI nqivwbi wkkvi n e GUvB ^vfvwek g~jzt bvixi cöwz mgv Ri G RNY ` wóf½x _ KB G ` k wkw Z-Awkw Z me bvixivb Kg Î Zvi cyi l mnkg xi Kv Q nq hšb nqivwbmn bvbv ikg nqivwbi Amnvq wkkvi c ôv - 09 c ôv - 10

5 PZz_ Aa vq : gzvqb I mgawakv ii AvKl bxq kvmv b bvix wbh vzb mvaviyfv e e vl v Ki j Ôbvixi gzvqbõ Gi A_ `vouvq mgv Ri mkj Kv R cyi li cvkvcvwk AskMÖnY K i bvixi Avw_ K cöwzôvmn gzv I AwaKvi AR b wkš, cök Z A _, Z Zxq we k i `k jv K kvl Yi j GUv mvgªvr ev`x we k i GK bzzb Pµvš evsjv ` ki g Zv GKwU `wi`ª ` k hlv b KvwU KvwU cyi l `i bb Kg ms v bi my hvm mlv b gzvq bi bv g cyi l `i Kg nxb i L bvix `i AmnvqZ I m v kªg K cyuwr Ki Q wewfbœ Gb.wR.I Ges eûrvwzk cöwzôvb jv d j, GKw` K Zviv AR b Ki Q wekvj A ¼i gybvdv, Avi Ab w` K mvnvh -mn hvmxzvi bv g Rvic~e K ag vš imn mkj i bó Ki Q Bmjvgx g~j eva bvix-cyi li mgawakv ii aviyvwu g~jzt m wó n q Q Ggb GK cyuwrev`x mgv R hlv b A_ DcvR bi Kvi Y mgvr I cwiev i cyi liv wq jv gh v`vq AwawôZ I m vwbz Avi DcvR b bv Ki Z cvivq M wnbx I gv wnmv e bvix wq jv Pigfv e wbh vwzz Avi D cw Z wbh vwzz GB bvix `i wq jv bv m ú `i gvwjkvbv, DËivwaKvi, wk v, DcvR b ev fv Ui AwaKvi g~jzt GB ikg GK Pig eâbv c~y BwZnv mi cö vc UB ïi nq ÔmgAwaKviÕ Av `vjb e Zt mgawakvi Av `vjb bvix-cyi l K V j w` q Q ci úi wecixzgylx GK Ae v b wbr AwaKvi wbwðz Ki Z cwðgv we k i bvixiv AeZxb n q Q cyi l `i mv _ GK aÿsmvz K cöwz hvwmzvq G Amy cöwz hvwmzv bvix `i AwaKvi wbwðz Ki Z Zv cv ibwb eis bvixi Dci wbh vzb e o Q eûgvîvq mgawakvi Av `vjb _ K mepvb Z ekx jvfevb n q Q cyi liv KviY, Zviv GLb Aejxjvq mš vb jvjb-cvjb mn cwiev ii fiy cvl bi `vwqz I Pvwc q w` Q bvix `i Dci Avi, N i evb i `yõw`k mvgjv Z wm q bvix n Q Pzovš gvbwmk Avi kvixwik wbh vz bi wkkvi A bk Î ckvmz hvm Zv cögvy Ki Z wm q bvixiv n q hv Q cwiev ii cöwz D`vmxb Avi, msmv i `xn mgq gv qi Abycw wz Z gv`kvmw³ ev ˆbwZK g~j ev ai Ae q fqven wech qi m ylxb n Q G ` ki ciez x cör b i fwel Z Avm j, ÔmgAwaKvi Av `vjbõ Avgv `i g Zv gymwjg Aay wlz `k jv Z mgvr I cwievi K Aw wzkxj Kivi j cyuwrev`x we k i GK fq¼i Pµvš G Pµv š i d j GKw` K aÿsm n Q mgv R Bmjvgx gyj eva Avi Aciw` K kw³kvjx n Q cyuwrev`x e w³ ^v_ Kw `ªK a vb-avibv bvix `i gzvqb I mgzvi djvdj: kªgrxex bvix: cyi li cvkvcvwk gvwu KvUv, BU fv½v wksev w`bgryixi KvR Ki ji cövq mkj ÎB bvix kªwgkiv wkkvi n Q cöpû cwigvy ezb ˆel g i hgbt w`bgryi wnmv e mvivw`b GKB cwikª gi Rb cyi liv hlv b cv Q 200 UvKv, mlv b bvix K `qv n Q 150 UvKv Avi, cvkvk wk í Kg iz nvrvi nvrvi bvixi m v kªg K cyuwr K i eûrvwzk Kv úvbx jv cöwzwbqz evov Q Zv `i jv fi A¼ GQvov, A ^v Ki Avi SzuwKc~Y cwi e k `xn mgq KvR Ki Z wm q bvixi Rxeb n Q `ywe mn Kg Î ev iv vñnv U Zviv n Q cöwzwbqz hšb nqivwbi wkkvi Avi, AeyS mš vb K mv _ K i bvsiv, A ^v Ki wksev wec`rbk cwi e k KvR Kivi d j gv qi mv _ mv _ mš v bi RxebI n Q SzuwKi m ylxb Gb.wR.I cöwzôvb jvi kvlb I wbh vzb: z`ªf Yi hv`y ú k G ` ki `wi`ª bvix `i fvm Dbœq bi KóKwíZ ey bv iƒck_vi Mí KI nvi gvwb q Q wkš, ev ezv n jv, `v`b e emvqx `i g Zv Gb.wR.I cöwzôvb jv MÖv gi mnrmij bvix `i Povmy ` FY w` q µgkt Rwo q dj Q µgea gvb my `i GK KwVb k L j z`ª FY Zv `i fv M i Dbœqb Ki QB bv, eis ekxi fvm mgqb FY cwi kva Ki Z wm q bvixiv nviv Q wb Ri mwâz A_, Mi -evqzi, RwgRgv, wf UgvwU mewkqz KD ev FY cwi kva Ki Z bv c i cvwj q eov Q, Avi KD ev cöpû gvbwmk I Avw_ K Pv c RR wiz n q e Q wb Q AvZ nz vi c_ g~jzt G ÎI bvix K gzvq bi ^ cœ we fvi K i Zv `i Amnbxq `vwi`ªzv I AmnvqZ K cyuwr Kiv n Q Avi gybvdv jv fi Avkvq G ai bi cözviyv g~jk KvR K mnvqzv w` Q cwðgv we k i `vzv ms v jv d Uv my `ix, g Wwjs Ges d vkb kv: MZ cövq GK `k KiI ekx mgq a i G ` k ek XvK Xvj wcwu q n Q my `ix cöwz hvwmzv, d vkb kv wksev iƒcmx Zvgvi bi Lvu R RvZxq ey vx Abyôvb wkš, KvM R Kj g iƒcmxi b Lyu R ei Kiv D Ïk n ji Gi cq b i q Q gvwëb vkbvj Kv úvbx jvi wewjqb wewjqb Wjv ii G RÛv KviY, G ai bi Abyôvb jvi mv _ d vkb, wedwu, Wv qu, Km gwukm wksev wedwu g vmvwrb BÛvw ª jv mivmwi RwoZ ZvB, GKw` K bvixi mš `h K cyuwr K i G ` k eûrvwzk Kv úvbx jv Ki Q RgRgvU e emv Avi Ab w` K MYgva g bvix ` ni Lvjv gjv cö`k b bvix K cwiyz Ki Q wb iu fvm c Y hvi cöz djvdj wnmv e bvixiv me Î n Q wbh vwzz c ôv - 11 c ôv - 12

6 cwzzve wë I bvix cvpvi: bvixi Rxe b Pig AegvbbvKi Avi N b ckv n Q cwzzve wë g~jzt ` ki wekvj GK Rb Mvwôi byb Zg gšwjk Pvwn`v c~i Y e _ G cyuwrev`x mgvre e vb `yõgy Vv fv Zi hvmv i nvrvi nvrvi bvix K V j w` q Q Pig N b G ckvq Zvici Avevi cwzzv nevi Aciv a Zv `i K i Q mgvrpz Z Avi nxb ^v_ v š^lx GK kªbxi gvbyl bvixi G AmnvqZ K cyuwr K i Zvi Rxeb Avi m v bi wewbg q Ki Q KvwU KvwU UvKvi e emv e Zt G ` k cwzzve wëi cöavb wkkvi AwffveK I Avkªqnxb wkïwk kvixiv hv `i KvR `evi bv g gvuv A ¼ wewµ Kiv n Q wewfbœ cwzzvj q wksev cvpvi Kiv n Q ` ki evb i Avi, GK k&ªbxi eyw Rxwe G me Amnvq bvix `i `vwqz Gov bvi Rb RNb GB ckv K Ab me ckvi g Zv mvgvwrk ^xk wz `evi `vex Rvbv Q cök Zc, mgawakvi, gyw³, gzvqb G meb mvgªvr ev`x we k i kvl bi nvwzqvi, hv w` q Zviv mgmö c w_ex Ry o we vi K i Q kvlb Avi wbh vz bi Rvj wbz bzzb Mvjfiv kvmv b cö Z K i Q bvix wbh vz bi bvbvikg Î djkö wz Z, gyw³i wg_ v kvmv b AvR wbh vwzz n Q wek bvix mgvr Avm j, gzvqb, wk v wksev Avw_ K cöwzôv bq, ïaygvî mgv Ri me i Bmjv gi mwvk ev evqbb bvix K gyw³ w` Z cv i Pjgvb GB wbh vzb _ K KviY, AvjvnZvqvjv bvix-cyi l Dfq KB m wó K i Qb, ZvB wzwbb me P q fv jv Rv bb GKwU kvwš I mšnv` c~y mgvr Zix Z bvix Ges cyi li wk f~wgkv niqv DwPZ A_ev Kgb niqv DwPZ Zv `i ci ú ii cöwz ` wóf½x Ges AvPib cök Zc GKwU BmjvwgK mgvr bv cyi lzvwš K, bv bvixzvwš K eis GUv Ggb GK gvbemgvr hlv b bvix I cyi l ci úi ci ú ii cwic~ik cö Z KiB DciB i q Q Avjvn cö`ë wba vwiz `vwqz, hv cvj bi gva g Zviv `ywbqv Ges Av LivZ Dfq ÎB mg w jvf Ki Z cv i Avi GiKg GKwU fvimvg c~y mgv Ri wbðqzv w` Z cv i ïaygvî Avjvn cö`ë ÔwLjvdZ ivóª e e võ GKgvÎ wljvdz ivóª e e vb cv i cyuwrev`x mgvr KZ K bvix K c Y cwiyz Kivi GB fqven lohš bl vr Ki Z mgv Ri me i Avjvn&Õi AvB bi mwvk ev evq bi gva g eü Ki Z cv i bvixi cöwz GB µgea gvb wbh vzb, wbwðz Ki Z cv i mvgvwrk, ivr bwzk I A_ bwzk Î Zvi cövc AwaKvi câg Aa vq: Bmjvgx e e v - bvix wbh vz bi GKgvÎ mgvavb Bmjvg n Q mgmö gvbervwzi Kj v Y cöwiz Avjvn cö`ë GK Rxebe e v, hvi g~jwfwë Avjvn&Õi wbku Revew`wnZv G Rxebe e vq mewkqz&b cwipvwjz nq Avjvn&Õi weavb Abyhvqx ZvB, G Rxebe e v ^ QvPvixZvi cwie Z gvbyl K klvq Revew`wnZv I `vwqz kxjzv Avjvn& KziAv b e j Qb, Ò( n gynv ` (mvt)) Avwg G wkzve Zvgvi Dci GRb bvwrj K iwq hb Zzwg mgmö gvbervwz K AÜKvi _ K Av jvi w` K wb q Avm Z cv iv Ó (myiv Beªvnxgt 1) Bmjvg bvix K w` q Q Zvi cövc gh v`v, gzv I AwaKvi wbwðz K i Q Rxe bi mkj Î Zvi cövc AwaKvi ZvB, nvrvi eq ii Bmjv gi BwZnv m mgawakv ii cökœ KL bvb Av mwb Avi Bmjvg bvix I cyi li Rb wfbœ ai Yi wkš mªóvi ` wó Z mggh v`v m úbœ `vwqz wba viy K i cöwz hvwmzvi cwie Z ˆZix K i Q m cöxwz I mšnv ` cwic~y GK mgvr Bmjvgx ivóª (wljvdz ivóª e e v) I mgv R bvix n jv ivóª I mgv Ri m vb ZvB bvixi cöwz m vbrbk GB ` wóf½x _ KB iv óª emevmkvix mkj bvixb nq m vwbz Avi bvixi cöwz mgv Ri GB ` wóf½x ev evqb Ki Z ivóª cöz f~wgkv cvjb K i Bmjvgx iv óª bvix wbhv Zb cöwz iv ai g~jbxwzgvjv : cö_gz: cyuwrev`x a vb avibvi Av jv K cöwzwôz ez gvb mgv Ri g~jwfwë n jv e w³ ^v_ wmw h aviyv _ K bvix AvR cwibz n q Q gybvdv nvwm ji DcKi b Avi Bmjvgx Rxebe e vi g~jwfwë n jv ÔRevew`wnZvÕ ev ÔAvjvnfxwZÕ A_ vr bvix Ges cyi l cö Z KB Zv `i cöwzwu Kv Ri e vcv i Avjvni ûkyg gvb Z Ges Zvui Kv Q Revew`wn Ki Z eva g~jzt Rxeb m ú K GB avibvi wfwë Z ïay bvix bq Kvb wkqy KB mgvr Ges mgv Ri gvbyl e w³mz gybvdv jv fi DcKi b cwibz Ki Z cv i bv wøzxqz: cyuwrev`x G mgvr wek vm K i jvmvgnxb e w³ ^vaxbzvq, ZvB mgv R bvixi cöwz wk ` wóf½x n e Zv mgv Ri gvbylb wba viy K i jvmvgnxb G ^vaxbzv _ KB g~jzt mgm vi ïi wkš Bmjvg G mgm vi g~ jb KzVvivNvZ K i Bmjvgx Rxebe e vq e w³ ^vaxbzvi KvbI vb bb ZvB e w³ ^vaxbzvi bv g bvix K hfv e B Qv mfv e e envi Kivi Kvb my hvmi Bmjv g bb mgv Ri gvbyl c ôv - 13 c ôv - 14

7 mfv eb bvixi cöwz ` wóf½x cvlb Ki Z eva huv Avjvn ZvÕAvjv Aby gv`b K i Qb Zv bv n j Avjvn&Õi ` wó Z Zviv n e mxgvj NbKvix Avjvn& KziAv b e j Qb h, Ògywgb bvix Ges cyi li G e vcv i KvbI AwaKvi bb h, hlb Avjvn& I ivm~j KvbI wel q Zv `i K wb ` k `q ZLb m e vcv i Zviv wfbœ gz cvly K i Avi h KD Avjvn& I ivm~j K Agvb Kij m Zv úózb c_åó Ó (myiv Avj Avn&hve: 36) Z ZxqZ: cyuwrev`x G mgv R bvix K cöwzwbqz Dc vcb Kiv nq hšbzvi cözxk wnmv e myzivs cyi liv Zv K G ` wó ZB `L Z Af nq djkö wz Z, mgv R wkw Z Awkw Z mkj bvixb nq wbh vwzz Avi Bmjvgx ivóª I mgv R bvix iv óªi m vb Ges G m vb i vi `vwqz mgvr I iv óªi myzivs, mgv R Kvb Ae v ZB bvix K Ggbfv e Dc vcb Kiv nq bv, hv Z Zvi m vb ev gh v`v wzmö nq ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb, ÒGB c w_ex Ges Gi ga w Z mg wkqyb g~j evb wkš mepvb Z g~j evb n Q GKRb ci nrmvi bvix Ó (gymwjg) PZz_ Z: Bmjvg ci cyi li mvg b bvixi ˆ`wnK mš `h cökvk K Aby gv`b K i bv GRb Bmjvgx mgv R bvix `i cvlv Ki e vcv i i q Q Avjvn& cö`ë my úó weavb M ni evb i ev Kg Î bvix K Aek B GB weavb g b Pj Z nq weavq mgv R bvixi `wnk mš `h K cyuwr K i e emv Kivi Kvb my hvm bb e Zt Bmjvg bvix K Ggb KvbI ckvq AskMÖnb Kivi AbygwZ `q bv, hv Z bvix Zvi mš `h cökvk Ki Z eva nq ev mš `h K cyuwr Kiv hvq hgb: g Wwjs, A vwfviuvbr g U BZ vw` Avjvn& KziAv b e j Qb h, Ò...Ges Zvgiv (bvixiv) Rv njx hy Mi g Zv Zvgv `i mš `h Ges AjsKvi mg~n K cö` kb K iv bv Ó (m~iv Avj Avn&hve: 33) câgz: Bmjvg ïaygvî Ggb me ckvb bvixi Rb Aby gv`b K i, h mg Î bvix K Zvi hvm Zv Ges gavi wfwë Z hvpvb Kiv nq GKRb gymwjg bvix Wv³vix, BwÄwbqvwis, wk KZv, weávb wfwëk M elyv, e emv-evwbr, mvsevw`kzv, wepvikvh mn wewfbœ ckvq AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i wbr wbr hvm Zv Abyhvqx bvix mgv Ri wewfbœ Kg Kv Û AskMÖnY K i mgv R Ges iv óª i Z c~y f~wgkv ivl Z cv i lôz: cyuwrev`x G mgv Ri g Zv Bmjvg bvix-cyi li jvmvgnxb Aeva gjv gkv K Aby gv`b K i bv g~jzt bvix-cyi li Aeva gjv gkv _ KB al b, cikxqv cög, weevn ewn f~z hšb m úk BZ vw` wewfbœ mgm vi Rb Bmjv g N i Ges evb i Kv Ri cö qvr b bvix cyi li gjv gkv m ú K my úó bxwzgvjv i q Q G bxwzgvjvi evb i bvix cyi li gjv gkv K Bmjvg Aby gv`b K i bv d j, mgv R A nzzk mgm vii Rb nqbv mßgz: hšzz Ki Rb G ` k cöwzeqi nvrvi nvrvi bvix wbnz nq Avi j j bvix nq wbh vwzz A_P Bmjvgx mgvr hšzzk cö_vib g~ jvrcvub K i we qi mgq bvix K cyi li gvnivbv Av`vq Ki Z nq, hv bvixi m vb wnmv e Avjvn& KZ K wba vwiz Kb v ev Kb vi evevi KvQ _ K KvbI ikg m ú` `vex Kivi Kvb AwaKvi Bmjvg cyi l K `qwb Gi Ab _v n j Bmjvgx iv óªi i q Q Awfhy³ e w³i wei AvBbvbyM e e v bevi AwaKvi g~jzt Bmjvgx ivóª Ges mgvr GB mg gšwjk bxwzgvjv cöyq bi gva g bvix K mgv R Ggb fv e Dc vcb K i, hv Zv K m vb Ges ghv `vq f~wlz K i GKB mv _ mgv Ri me i ˆZix nq bvixi cöwz m vbrbk ` wóf½x hv mgv R wkw Z-Awkw Z, kû i-mövg, abx-mixe mkj bvixi wbh vwzz Ges wbm nxz nevi c_ i K i lô Aa vq: Bmjvgx wljvdz iv óª bvixi AwaKvi bvix cyi l Df qb Avjvn&Õi m wó, gvbe mgv Ri Aw Z i Rb Df qib cö qvrb Acwinvh ZvB gvbyl wnmv e bvix Ges cyi l `yõrbb Avjvn&Õi wbku mgvb i Z c~y `yõrb KB Avjvn& w` q Qb GKB ai bi gvbwek Ges RweK ewkó `yõr bib i q Q zav, Z òv, `ytl-kó Ges Avb `i Abyf~wZ i q Q GB c w_ex Z eu P _vkvi mgvb AwaKvi Avjvn& KziAv b e j Qb, ÒwZwbB Avjvn& whwb Zvgv `i K GKRb gvbyl n Z m wó K i Qb Ges mb gvbyl n ZB m wó K i Qb Zvi Rvov hb m Zvi wbku _ K cökvwš jvf Ki Z cv i...ó (m~iv Avivdt 189) AvaywbK mf Zv hlv b gvî MZ `ok eqi hvez bvixi AwaKvi wb q wpš v-fvebv Ki Q, mlv b GLb _ K cövq PŠÏÕk eqi Av M cyi li g ZvB Bmjvg bvix K w` q Q mywbw` ó mvgvwrk, A_ bwzk Ges ivr bwzk AwaKvi c ôv - 15 c ôv - 16

8 Bmjv g bvixi mvgvwrk AwaKvi : Bmjvg mgv R bvixi cöwz c cvznxb Ges b vqm½z ` wóf½xi AeZvibv K i Q ivmyj (mvt) e j Qb, Òhvi GKwU Kb v mš vb Av Q Ges m Zv K Rxeš Kei `qwb, Zv K wbm nxz K iwb Ges cyî mš vb K Zvi Dci cövavb `qwb, Avjvn Zv K Rvbœv Z cö ek Kiv eb Ó (gymbv ` Avngv`, nv`xm bs : 1957) GQvovI GKwU cwic~y gvbyl wnmv e mvgvwrk fv e Bmjvg bvix K w` q Q wewfbœ AwaKvi 1. weevn Ges Zrmsµvš AwaKvi : weevn gvbe Rxe bi GKwU AZ š i Z c~y Aa vq g~jzt weevn Ggb GK Pzw³ hvi gva g gvbervwzi eski v, gvby li ^vfvwek ˆRweK Pvwn`v c~iy Ges m e vcwi bvix-cyi li g a fv jvevmv I mšnv` c~y m ú K i wfwë Zix nq Avjvn KviAv b e j Qb, ÒGes Zvui wb`k bvejxi g a i q Q h, wzwb Zvgv `i ga _ KB Zvgv `i Rywo Zix K i Qb hv Z Zvgiv Zvi wbku _ K kvwš cvi Ges wzwb Zvgv `i g a cvi úvwik fv jvevmv I `qv m wó K i Qb...Ó (myiv i g t 21) GB kvwš I mšnv` c~y mnve vb ZLbB m e hlb bvix cyi li m úk n e cvi úvwik mn hvwmzv Ges mngwg Zvi GRb B Bmjv g bvix K Zvi B Qi wei we q Kiv ev `qv m ú~b wb la Avey ûivqiv (ivt) _ K ewy Z ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb h, ÒGKRb weaev bvixi mv _ civgk Kiv e ZxZ Zv K weevn `qv DwPZ bq Ges GKRb Kzgvix bvixi AbygwZ QvovI Zvi weevn `qv DwPZ bq... Ó (mnxn& eylvix, LÛ 7) GQvovI Lvbmv web Z wl`vg Avj Avbmvixqv KZ K ewy Z h, weaev Ae vq Zvi evev Zvi we q w` qwq jb hv wqj Zvi LyeB AcQ ` AZtci wzwb ivm~j (mvt) Gi wbku M jb Ges ivm~jyjvn& Zvi we q evwzj e j NvlYv Ki jb (mnxn eylvix, LÛ 7) GQvovI ^vgx wbe vp b bvixi i q Q c~y ^vaxbzv wb Ri ^vgx m wb RB wbe vpb Ki Z cv i Ges GgbwK cq ` g Zv cyi l K we qi cö vei cvvv Z cv i 2. ^vgx- xi AwaKvi : Bmjv g ^vgx- xi G K A b i Dci AwaKvi LyeB my úó Ges gvbe cök wzi mv _ m ú~b fv e mvgäm c~y hw`i kvixie wëk Ges gvbwek w`k _ K Df qib i q Q mgvb AwaKvi wkš `vwqz Ges bz Z i w`k _ K Avjvn& ZvÕAvjv cyi l K bvixi Dci cövavb w` q Qb GwU gvby li cök wzi mv _ mvgäm c~y Ges GKwU myk slj mvgvwrk I cvwievwik Rxe bi Rb LyeB i Z c~y Avjvn& KziAv b e j Qb, Òbvix `i Zgwb b vqm½z AwaKvi Av Q, hgb Zv `i Dci Av Q cyi l `i wkš cyi l `i i q Q bvixi Dci gh v`v Ó (myiv evkviv t 228) wkš GB cövavb ïaygvî `vwqz cvjb, wbivcëv`vb Ges cwipvjbvi ÎB mxgve Kvib, cök wzmz fv e Avjvn bvix K `~e j K i m wó Kivq cyi li Rb bvixi wbivcëv wbwðz Kiv Avek K wkš Zvi gv b GB bq h, GUv cyi l K AvBbMZ w`k _ K Kvb myweavrbk Ae vb `q GQvovI cwiev ii cöavb wnmv e cyi l K ^ QvPvix nevi Kvb my hvmi Bmjvg `qwb eis h Kvb cvwievwik wm v š i e vcv i Bmjvg memgqb G K A b i g Zi cöwz kª vkxj nevi ZvwM` w` q Q GQvovI xi gšwjk AwaKvi c~i Yi cvkvcvwk KviAvb Ges nv`x m ^vgx K xi cöwz m`q, mnbkxj Ges mšnv` c~y AvPi bi Rb evievi ZvwM` `qv n q Q Avjvn& KziAv b e j Qb, Ò... Zv `i ( x `i) mv _ m v e Ae vb Ki hw` Zv `i KvbI wkqy Zvgv `i AcQ ` nq, Z e GgbI n Z cv i Zvgiv hv AcQ ` KiQ Avjvn ZviB gv S wbwnz i L Qb Kj vb Ó (myiv wbmv t 19) x wnmv e Bmjvg bvix K w` q Q h _vc hvmx gh v`v Ges AwaKvi gyqvweqv Avj Kzmvqwi (iv.) KZ K ewy Z, ÒAvwg GKw`b Avjvn&Õi ivmyj (mvt) Gi wbku Mjvg Ges Zv K wr Ám Kijvg, ÔAvgv `i x `i Avgv `i Dci wk AwaKvi i q Q?Õ wzwb DËi w` jb, Ô Zvgiv hv Lv e Zv `i K ZvB L Z ` e, Zvgiv hv ci e Zv `i K ZvB cwiavb Kiv e Avi Zv `i K cönvi K ivbv Ges wzi vi K ivbv ÕÓ (mybvb-b-avey `vd`, 2139 bs nv`xm) GQvovI ivm~jyjvn e j Qb h, Ò Zvgv `i g a mb DËg h Zvi cwiev ii wbku DËg Ges wbðqb Avwg Avgvi cwiev ii wbku mepvb Z ekx DËg Ó (wziwghx) Ab GK nv`x m ivm~jyjvn e j Qb h, ÒïaygvÎ m vwbz jv KivB bvix `i cöwz m vbrbk AvPib K i Avi hviv Am vwbz, bvix `i cöwz Zv `i AvPibI nq Am vbrbk Ó (wziwghx) 3. weevn we Q `i AwaKvi : Bmjvg bvix K w` q Q cö qvr b ZvjvK cö`v bi AwaKvi wewfbœ Kvi b GKRb bvix Zvi ^vgxi KvQ _ K we Q` Kvgbv Ki Z cv i hgb : c ôv - 17

9 c ôv - 18 ^vgxi hw` hšb A gzv _v K eevwnk Pzw³ Z hw` bvixi ZvjvK cö`v bi AwaKvi D jwlz _v K ^vgxi hw` Ggb KvbI gvivz K e vwa _v K hvi Øviv x wb Ri wz nevi AvksKv K i m½wz _vkv Ae vqi ^vgx hw` xi fib cvl Yi e e v bv K i ^vgx hw` gvbwmk ivmx nq hw` Ggb Ae vi m wó nq h, ^vgx wb LvuR wksev AeZ gvb Avevi m xi fib cvl bii Kvb e e v K i hvqwb A_ev ^vgxi AwaK Z m úwë _ KI fib cvlb cvevi Kvb m vebv bb hw` ^vgx- x g a we ivac~y Ae vi m wó nq Z e G Î x ^vgxi wbku _ K we Q` Kvgbv Ki Z cv i cöv_wgk fv e ^vgx- x `yõr bi c _ K `yõrb wepvik wb qvm Kiv nq hw` Kvb kvwš c~y mgvavb m e bv nq Z e m Î we Q` Kvh Kix Kiv nq 4. ÁvbvR bi AwaKvi: bvixi i q Q wk v`x v Ges Ávb AR bi c~y AwaKvi wbr wbr hvm Zv Abyhvqx m Aby gvw`z h Kvb wk v MÖnb Ki Z cv i ivm~j (mvt) e j Qb, ÒÁvb AR b Kiv cö Z K bvix cyi li Rb dih Ó bvixi A_ bwzk AwaKvi : GKwU cwiev ii RxweKv wbe v ni Rb cö qvrbxq A _ vcvr bi fvi Bmjvg g~jzt w` q Q cyi l K Avi bvix K `qv n q Q cwiev ii Avf š ixb k sljv Ges mš vb jvjb-cvj bi i `vwqz wkš Zvi A_ GUvI bq h, bvix N ii evb i KvR Ki Z wksev e emv-evwyr cwipvjbv Ki Z cvi e bv cyi li g ZvB GKRb bvixi i q Q Bmjv gi mxgvi g a ^vaxb fv e A_ bwzk Kg Kv Û AskMÖn bi c~y AwaKvi bvix Zvi g~j `vwqz Ae njv bv K i, e emv-evwbr mn mgv Ri wewfbœ A_ bwzk Kg Kv Û mwµq fv e AskMÖnb Ki Z cv i GQvovI Bmjvg bvix K w` q Q wewfbœ cökv ii A_ bwzk AwaKvi 1. fib cvl Yi AwaKvi : bvixi i q Q ^vgxi wbku _ K fib cvlb cvevi c~y AwaKvi Bmjvgx iv óªi AvBbvbyhvqx x hz m ú`kvjxb nvk bv Kb, Zvi Ges Zvi mš v bi fib cvl bi fvi ïaygvî ^vgxi KviY KyiAv b Avjvn c ôv - 19 e j Qb, Òcyi l bvixi cwipvjk, Kvib Avjvn Zv `i G Ki Dci Ab K cövavb w` q Qb Ges cyi l Zvi abm ú` n Z e q K i Ó ( myiv wbmv t 34) 2. DËivwaKvi m~ Î cövß m úwë Z AwaKvi : Bmjvg bvixi DËivwaKvi cövwßi c~y wbðqzv w` q Q cyi l `i g Zv ZviI i q Q wbkuvz xq `i m úwë Z wbw` ó AwaKvi Avjvn& KziAv b e j Qb, Òcyi l `i hgb wczvgvzv Ges wbkuvz xq `i cwiz ³ m úwë Z Ask i q Q Zgwb bvix `ii i q Q Zvi wczvgvzv I wbkuvz xq `i cwiz ³ m úwë Z cövß Ask PvB Zv Kg nvk wksev ekx nvk, Zv GK wbw` ó Ask Ó (myiv wbmv t 7) h Kvb ÎB bvixi DËivwaKv i cªvß m ú` n e cyi li A a K m ú `i GB e Ub AvjvnZvqvjv KZ K cyi l I bvixi Dci Av ivwcz `vwq Z i mv _ m ú~y fv e mvgäm c~y KviY Bmjvg cyi l K w` q Q Zvi x-mš vb Ges Î we k l Zvi `wi`ª AvZ xq ^R bi (we klzt hviv bvix) fib cvl bi `vwqz x hzb m ú`kvjx wksev A_ bwzk fv e ^vej ^x nvk bv Kb GB `vwqz _ K cyi li wb K wz bb 3. weevnkvjxb gvnivbvi AwaKvi : weevnkvjxb mg q Bmjvg bvixi Rb m vbm~pk gvnivbv wba vwiz K i Q GB gvnivbv Av`vq Ki Z GKRb cyi l `vqe GB gvnivbv n Q ^vgxi c n Z xi cöwz m vb Ges fv jvevmvi wb ` kk KviAv b Avjvn e j Qb, ÒAvi Zvgiv Zvgv `i x `i cövc gvnivbv mš ó wp Ë Av`vq Ki Aek Zviv hw` wb Riv wb R `i Lykx Z Gi wkqy Ask gvd K i `q Z e Zvgiv Zv mvb ` fvm Ki Z cvi Ó (myiv wbmv t 4) 4. gvwjkvbvi AwaKvi : DËivwaKvi m~ Î cövß m ú` wksev wb Ri DcvwR Z m ú ` bvixi i q Q c~y gvwjkvbv wb Ri DcvwR Z m ú` ev cövß m ú` m hfv e B Qv e q Ki Z cv i G e vcv i Zvi c~y ^vaxbzv i q Q

10 bvixi AvBbMZ AwaKvi : bvixi ivr bwzk AwaKvi : c ôv - 20 wbi c ` wó Kvb _ K Bmjv gi BwZnvm ch v jvpbv Ki j `Lv hvq h, AvR Ki w` b hv K ÔivR bwzk AwaKviÕ ejv nq ZrKvjxb Bmjvgx mgv R cyi li g ZvB bvixii GB AwaKvi wqj c~y gvîvq ^xk Z mgv Ri GKwU i Z c~y Ask wnmv e cyi l `i cvkvcvwk bvix `ii i q Q mgv R Avjvn cö`ë kvmb-e e v cöwzôv Kivi `vwqz G j ZvB Bmjvg bvix KI Zvi mvg_ Abyhvqx ivr bwzk A½ b Ask MÖn bi AwaKvi w` q Q KyiAvb Ges nv`x m GiKg AmsL D`vnib i q Q hlv b Avgiv bvix K ivrbxwz msµvš i Z c~y Av jvpbvq AskMÖnY Ki Z `L Z cvb GgbwK Î we k l bvixiv ivmyjyjvni (mvt) mv _ wez KI Ask wb q Q Bmjvgx iv óª bvixi i q Q Lwjdv wbe vp bi c~y AwaKvi G j m cöv_x i Rb cöpvibv Ges wewfbœ Rbmfvq AskMÖnb Ki Z cv i cyi li cvkvcvwk bvixii Bmjvgx iv óª i q Q mgv Ri gvbyl K mr Kv R Av `k Kiv Ges Amr Kv R wb la Kivi c~y AwaKvi Avjvn KyiAv b e j Qb, Ò gywgb bvix Ges gywgb cyi l G K Ac ii eüz Zviv G K Aci K mr Kv Ri Av `k `q Ges Amr KvR _ K weiz iv L... Ó ( myiv ZIev t 71 ) Bmjvgx iv óª bvixi i q Q kvm Ki fyj ms kva bi ev kvmk K Revew`wn Kivi AwaKvi Igi Be b LvËv ei (iv.) mgq GKRb mvavib bvix gvnivbv msµvš wel q Rbm y L Ig ii (iv.) mv _ wez K wjß n qwqj Igi (iv.) e jwq jb, ÒGB gwnjv wvk Avi Igi fyj Ó bvixi i q Q ivóª cwipvjbv I e e vcbvq Dc `óv wnmv e KvR Kivi AwaKvi bvix `i i q Q grwj k ïivi m`m wnmv e wbe vwpz nevi AwaKvi Av qkv (iv.) Igi (iv.) Gi wljvd Zi mgq grwj k ïivi m`m wq jb bvixi i q Q h Kvb ivr bwzk ` ji mv _ mivmwi hy³ _ K D vni Kj v Yi Rb KvR Kivi c~y AwaKvi Bmjvgx AvB bi ` wó Z bvix cyi l Df qb mgvb ZvB Bmjvg ïay bvix K wewfbœ Î AwaKvi w` qb `vwqz kl K iwb, eis Bmjvgx mgv R bvix Avjvn cö`ë h Kvb AwaKvi _ K ewâz n j Zvi i q Q AvB bi mvnv h Zv Av`vq Kivi AwaKvi c ôv - 21 bvix hw` `v úz mwnsmzv, cvwievwik wbh vzb ev Kvb cvkwek wbh vz bi wkkvi nq Z e Zvi i q Q AvBbMZ mvnvh cvevi c~y AwaKvi bvixi m vb i v _ Bmjvg m PwiÎv bvixi Dci wg_ v Acev` `qv K fqvbk Aciva wnmv e MY K i Avjvn KviAv b e j Qb, Òhviv mzx, wbixn I gywgb bvixi Dci Acev` Av ivc K i Zviv BnKvj I cikv j Awfkß Ges Zv `i Rb i q Q gnv kvw Ó (myiv byi t 23) ZvB KvbI gywgb bvixi Dci wg_ v ivc Kiv n j m AvB bi mvnv h `vlx e w³ K mvrv `qvi AwaKvi iv L Bmjvg h nzz bvix K m vb wnmv e MY K i, ZvB h KvbI v b h KvbI fv e Zv K DË ³ Kiv n j m AvB bi mvnvh cvevi AwaKvi iv L mßg Aa vq: Bmjv gi BwZnv mi gwnqmx bvixiv 7g kzvãx _ K ïi K i ciezx cövq 1300 eq ii wljvdz Z_v Bmjvgx kvmbvg j nvrvi nvrvi gymwjg bvix AvBbwe`, weávbx, ivrbxwzwe`, wepvik, fvlvwe`, ÁvbmvaK I m ev cwi Av`k gv I x wnmv e Abe` f~wgkv i LwQ jv Bmjv gi BwZnv m nhiz Avwqkv (iv.) : Áv bi wewfbœ kvlvq nhiz Avwqkv (iv.) Gi cvwûz me Rb ^xk Z `y&b nvrv iii ekx nvw`m wzwb wbf~ j fv e ey bv K i Qb wzwb Avey eki (iv.), Igi (iv.) Ges Dmgvb (iv.) Gi wljvdz Kv j AvBb I wepvi Dc `óv wq jb

11 D Avgviv (iv.) : D Avgviv (iv.) ivm~j (mvt) Gi GKRb wel vz gwnjv mvnvex wq jb wzwb 624 wlªóv ã Kvwdi `i wei exi Z i mv _ Iû` Ges Avgvgvi hy AskMÖnY K ib gvgjyk kvmbvg j bvix : 11Õk kzvãx Z gvgjyk kvmbvg j ZrKvjxb gymwjg bvixiv `v g v Z 5wU wek we` vjq Ges 12wU ÁvbPPv i K `ª cöwzwôz K iwq jb GB wek we` vjq jv m ú~b fv e gymwjg bvix `i ØvivB cwipvwjz Ges wbqwš Z wq jv wkdv web Z Ave&w`jvn (iv.) : Dgi (iv.) c ôv Gi - 22wLjvdZ Kv j wkdv web Z Avwãjvn(ivt) c ôv - 23 Zvui eyw gëv I Áv bi Kvi b evrvi ch e K I evrvi e e vcbvi `vwqz cövß nb wzwb wpwkrmv kv I Ávb AR b K ib Avgiv web Z Avãyi ivngvb : 800 kzvãxi GKRb wewkó AvBbwe` wzwb g`xbvi K wl wefv Mi cöavb wnmv e `vwqz cvjb K ib gydzx Avgvn Avj Iqvwn` web Z Avj gvnwgwj : bqkz kzvãx Z evm`v `i kvwdc AvvBb welqk z ji GKRb bvgkiv wk K Ges cöl vz wepvik BRwjqv web Z Avj BRwj : 944 wlªóv ã mvbdd ÏŠjvi mfvi GKRb wewkó m`m wq jb wzwb GLb _ K cövq nvrvi eqi Av M gnvkvk welqk M elbvmvi ˆZix K iwq jb Kvwigvn web Z Avn g` Avj-gviIqvwRqvn : 1000 kz K nv`xmkv Zvui Mfxi Ávb I cvi`wk Zvi Kvi b eû wk v_x Zvi Kv Q ÁvbvR bi Rb Avm Zv ZrKvjxb evm`v `i LwZe Zvi KvQ _ KB Ávb AR b K ib Ges cöwmw jvf K ib kvqlv Avmgv : kvqlv Avmgv wk v cöwzôv bi Dbœqb I mycwikwíz fv e Zv we v ii gva g wk ve e vi Dbœq b e vck f~wgkv iv Lb wzwb Zvi mg q gzvkxb Lwjdv K bvb Rwiqv welqk ciivóªbxwz wbav i b i Z c~y civgk cö`vb K iwq jb hqbe web Z Ave` Avj ivngvb : 1300 kz Ki GKRb cöwm cwûz bvgkiv fvlvwe` Avj-Rvgmvixi gavex wkl wnmv e wzwb m vb m~pk GKv WwgK wwwmö jvf K iwq jb Avwqkv Avj evwbq v : wzwb wq jb `v g i GKRb wewkó AvBbÁ Ges BmjvwgK wpš vwe` Bmjvgx AvBb welqk Zvi wewfbœ i Z c~y ipbv i q Q gydwz D Avj evwbb : 1427 wlªóv ã gi vi GKRb cöwm AvBbwe` RyevB`v : Zx è eyw gz vi AwaKvix Lwjdv nvi b-di-iwk` Gi x RyevB`v memgqb Zvi ^vgx K ivóª cwipvjbv Ges e e vcbv wel q g~j evb civgk w` Zb gvwiqg : gi v Z gvwiqg bv gi GK gwnqmx bvix ˆZix K iwq jb Avj Av `vjym gmwr`, hv ciezx Z ÁvbvR bi GKwU cöwm K `ª cwiyz nq